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Asian Longhorn Beetle Survey Report

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Asian Longhorn Beetle Survey Report Asian Longhorn Beetle Survey Report A study by Puget Creek Restoration Society Compiled by: Scott Hansen (Puget Creek Restoration Society); Leonard S. Perez (American Public University APUS); Maria Lourdes B. Alampay (PCRS Intern); Albert Rodriguez (Clover Park Technical College). INTRODUCTION Puget Creek is a 66-acre natural area located on the Northern End of Tacoma, Washington. Puget creek provides a suitable habitat for indigenous species wildlife and a home to salmon. Puget Creek Restoration Society (PCRS) aims towards protecting and enhancing these habitats for future generations to come. Since November 2011, PCRS has been monitoring the vegetation seeking signs for Asian Longhorn Beetles (ALB) as well as associated wood-boring insects. To monitor ALB, 20 trees within the creek were chosen; 12 located in the lower portion of the park, 8 in the upper portion. Once a month these trees were analyzed to check whether or not they had signs of ALB or associated pests. Data from the general public were also taken into account. Data sheets from PCRS and the general public will the compiled together. At every year, we would compare the number of symptoms found versus the time in months; with this information, we would be able to determine which months of the year would have the highest number of symptoms. When comparing year-to-year averages, we would be able to determine if there is a climatic pattern in which ALB prefer to grow. Since 2011 there were numerous identifications of common symptoms of ALB, but no recorded accounts. Future monitoring is needed within Puget Creek. Monitoring ALB is essential to prevent significant disruption within this sensitive ecosystem. It is important to remember that there are other factors that contribute to tree loss and that to fully understand environments like an urban forest, we must take all considerations into account. It may seem like ALB infestation is a large obstacle, but it is nothing compared to the degradation and loss of environment that urban development brings upon the environment. BACKGROUND The Asian Longhorn Beetle is an exotic woodboring beetle native to Eastern China, Japan, and Korea. The first recorded account of ALB in North America was in New York in 1996. This species of beetle was also recorded in Canada, Europe, and in the United Kingdom. The first detections of ALB were from private citizens. It is believed that ALB beetles were transported to the United States from China through a shipment of plumbing supplies that landed in Brooklyn, New York. 1 The typical size for an ALB is 1”-1.5” body length with long antennae that are usually longer then their body length. They are typically black in color with small white markings on the body and antennae. ALB usually take between one to three years to reach full maturity, and have a lifespan between 50-66 days as an adult; variables such as type of host plant and temperature influence the lifespan of ALB. ALB tend to attack coniferous and deciduous trees; mainly aiming to feed on their leaves and twigs. Although ALB do not wander far from their host tree, there have been accounts where they will travel as far as a kilometer or two in one season in search of a new host tree. Several other types of wood-boring insects are also associated with the presence of ALB. It is important to spot the differences between the non-native wood-boring insects and the insects that are native to this area that look similar to ALB but raise no harm in this environment. ASSOCIATED WOOD-BORING PEST SPECIES Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) First discovered in southeastern Michigan in 2002 and have been reported in 18 states; mainly from the Midwest to the East Coast as well as parts of Canada. Depending on temperature, their lifespan is 1-2 years. After adult development, EAB adults fly into the canopy and feed on the ash trees. 2-3 weeks post emergence, females will lay their eggs at the base of the tree; females will usually lay over 100 eggs in their lifetime. Citrus Longhorn Beetle (Anoplophora chinensis) Native to China, Japan, and Korea, Citrus Longhorn beetles were first intercepted in Georgia in 1999, then discovered in Washington in 2001. CLB were most likely transported via Bonsai collections and nursery stock. Males are generally smaller than females and have antennae that are twice the length of their body. The tunnels that they bore within tree trunks are used for their transportation; the irregular tunnels interfere with the transportation of water and nutrients within the tree causing the tree to die. They usually emerge within the summer months, the strongest being May to July. Eggs are laid at the base of the trunk after the female bores the hole. The average female will lay about 15 eggs, although here have been special cases were a female laying up to 200 eggs. 2 Fir Sawyer Part of its life cycle is dependent on dead or dying wood. When colonizing, they use the pheromones of bark beetles as kairomones to seek a high quality residence. Eggs are white but turn brown over time and are oblong in shape, measuring 0.8-3.8 millimeters. Females prefer to lay their eggs in trees with thick bark and a thick phloem. BEETLE SPECIES COMMONLY MISTAKEN FOR ASIAN LONGHORN BEETLE Forest Entomology-watching forInvasion.Washington Volunteer beetle survey. WSDA plant protection and quarantine. USDA-APHIS 2011, pp.15 June 2012. 3 White Spotted Sawyer Monochamus scutellatus The habitat range encompasses the area from Newfoundland to North Carolina, westward towards Minnesota and northwestward to Alaska; typically anywhere a coniferous forest would be located because adults feed on their needles and twigs (FID 1998). The white spotted sawyer, Monochamus scutellatus, resembles ALB and is often mistaken for ALB (WSDA 2011). The differences between this insect and ALB: White spotted sawyer has a dusting of small dots; ALB has more solid, larger white dots. The white spotted sawyer has a white dot between the wing covers. White spotted sawyer is a native insect and not usually damaging to its host trees. It feeds on pines and other conifers. Forest Entomology-watching forInvasion.Washington Volunteer beetle survey. WSDA plant protection and quarantine. USDA-APHIS 2011, pp.15 June 2012. 4 Banded Alder Borer Rosalia funebris The habitat range encompasses the area from Alaska to southern California then eastward to the Rocky Mountains from Idaho to New Mexico (Antonelli 2003). This is another ALB look-alike that is often mistaken for ALB. As the name suggests, these beetles feed on alder trees, so are generally seen around alders or on a wood pile that contains alder wood. They are native and generally do not cause much damage to their host trees (WSDA 2011). The differences between this insect and ALB: This beetle has black and white bands rather than spots as ALB does. Has a very large round dot in the center of the pronotum (the cylinder above the wing covers). If you see this beetle it does not hurt to capture it or photograph it and report it to us. Forest Entomology-watching forInvasion.Washington Volunteer beetle survey. WSDA plant protection and quarantine. USDA-APHIS 2011, pp.15 June 2012. 5 METHODOLOGY Searching for Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Instructions: The USDA-APHIS Washington Volunteer beetle survey 1. Locate at least 10 host trees on your property, public property (such as street trees, parks, and hiking trails) near your residence, or public property you frequent in your community. 2. Examine the trees for signs and symptoms of beetle infestation 3. Fill out the data form (down load online USDA-APHIS web site) At Puget Creek, we have selected 12 trees in the lower Puget Creek Natural Area and 8 host trees located in Upper Puget Park Natural area. This gives us a total of 20 host trees to monitor monthly for the Asian Longhorn Beetle study. Forest Entomology-watching forInvasion.Washington Volunteer beetle survey. WSDA plant protection and quarantine. USDA-APHIS 2011, pp.15 June 2012. TREES SPECIES MONITORED FOR ALB STUDY IN PUGET CREEK Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Apple Tree (Malus domestica) Big leaf Maple ( Acer macrophyllum) Beaked Hazelnut ( Corylus cornuta ) Sitka willow ( Salix sitchensis) Common Hawthorn ( Cretagous communis) Holly tree (Ilex aquifolium) Rhododendron Pacific willow ( Salix lucida) Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) 6 MONITED HOST TREES AND LOCATIONS FOR ALB SURVEY IN PUGET CREEK Tree # Species Location Description LOWER PARK 1 Red Alder (Alnus rubra) 30ft NE of toolshed 2 Apple Tree in picnic area, just W of tables 3 Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum) N of picnic area 4 Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum) N of #3 behind LARGE alder 5 Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum) N of #4, laurel growing very close 6 Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) N end of park, 15ft E of stream 7 Sitka Willow (Salix sitchensis NW part of creek by plank bridge near gate 8 Sitka Willow (Salix sitchensis E of #7, lying on side 9 Rhododendron 15ft S of outhouse 10 Pacific Willow (Salix lucida) E of #9, b stream Common Hawthorn (Cretagous 11 communis) 5 ft S of compost container 12 Holly Tree E of toolshed, S of #1 UPPER PARK 13 Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum) NE of handicapped parking sign Horse Chestnut (Aesculus 14 hippocastanum) NE of handicapped parking sign Horse Chestnut (Aesculus 15 hippocastanum) N of path near please don't litter sign 16 Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum) 50' down trail from #15, near larger maple 20ft N of N 31st street into park, across from big blue
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