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Synthesis, 142 Termination of Action, 142–143 See Also Serotonin Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02598-1 — Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology 4th Edition Index More Information Index 5HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) acetaminophen, 340 alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists synthesis, 142 acetylation of histones, 24 atypical antipsychotics, 173 termination of action, 142–143 acetylcholine, 5 alpha 2 antagonists, 317–322 See also serotonin. as brain’s own nicotine, 543 alpha 2 delta ligands 5HT1A receptor partial agonists basis for cholinesterase treatment as anxiolytics, 403–405 atypical antipsychotics, 156–159 of dementia, 522–528 alpha 2A adrenergic agonists vilazodone, 300–302 cholinergic pathways, 524 ADHD treatment, 495–499 5HT1B/D receptors cholinergic receptors, 523–528 alpha-melanocyte stimulating effects of atypical antipsychotics, precursors, 524 hormone (alpha-MSH), 565 159–160 acetylcholine transporters, 523 alprazolam, 5, 49 terminal autoreceptors, 159–160 acetylcholine vesicular transporter, 29 Alzheimer’s dementia, 504 5HT2A receptor antagonists, 318 acetylcholinesterase, 46, 522–525 and psychosis, 79 atypical antipsychotic actions, Adapin, 342 Alzheimer’s disease 142–156 adenosine antagonist acetylcholine as target for current effects on dopamine D2 receptors, caffeine, 469 symptomatic treatment, 522–527 151–156 adiponectin, 565 aggressive and hostile symptoms, 85 effects on extrapyramidal adolescents amyloid as target of disease- symptoms, 150 bipolar disorder, 386 modifying treatment, 520–523 effects on prolactin levels, mania, 386 amyloid cascade hypothesis, 150–151 mood stabilizer selection, 386 505–509 stimulating downstream dopamine affective disorders. See mood disorders. basis for cholinesterase treatments, release, 142–150 aggression 522–528 5HT2A receptors disorders associated with, 85 beta amyloid plaques, 505–509 blocking downstream dopamine impulsive–compulsive behavior in beta secretase inhibitors, 522 release, 142–150 psychiatric disorders, 574 biomarker-enhanced early 5HT2C receptor antagonists, 313–318 in schizophrenia, 84 detection, 521 fluoxetine, 297 agomelatine, 159, 313–317, 457 biomarkers, 516–518 5HT2C receptors agonist action causes, 503–505 effects of atypical antipsychotics, G-protein-linked receptors, 35–36 cholinergic deficiency hypothesis 159–162 ligand-gated ion channels, 56 of amnesia in, 525 role in obesity treatment, 159 agonist spectrum cholinesterase inhibitors, 525–527 5HT3 receptor antagonists, 318–322, G-protein-linked receptors, 35–43 clinical features, 503–505 500, 559 ligand-gated ion channels, 56–64 cognitive symptoms, 85 5HT3 receptors agoraphobia diagnosis, 503–505 effects of atypical antipsychotics, in children, 386 diagnostic categories for 162 agouti-related peptide, 565 Alzheimer’s dementia, 519–520 5HT6 receptor antagonists, 500 agouti-related protein, 565 donepezil, 529 5HT6 receptors akathisia, 95, 168 galantamine, 527 effects of atypical antipsychotics, Akiskal, Hagop, 243 gamma secretase inhibitors, 162 AKT (kinase enzyme) 521–522 5HT7 receptors in schizophrenia, 128 genetic studies, 509 effects of atypical antipsychotics, alcohol dependence, 551–559 glutamate hypothesis of cognitive 162–165 alcoholism treatment, 468 deficiency, 527–534 allodynia, 425 immunotherapy research, 521 Abeta peptides allosteric modulation memantine, 527–531 role in Alzheimer’s disease, 505, ligand-gated ion channels, 65–67 neurofibrillary tangles, 505–509 507, 509 almorexant (SB649868), 463 neuroimaging biomarkers, 517–518 ABT560, 500 alogia pathology, 503–505 acamprosate, 385, 417, 556–558 in schizophrenia, 82 positive symptoms, 85 591 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02598-1 — Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology 4th Edition Index More Information Index Alzheimer’s disease (cont.) amyloid precursor protein (APP) antidepressant classes possible Alzheimer’s dementia role in Alzheimer’s disease, 5HT2C antagonism, 313–317 category, 519–520 505–507, 509 alpha 2 antagonists, 317–322 possible benefits of lithium, 372 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis circadian rhythm resynchronizer, probable Alzheimer’s dementia (ALS), 379 313–317 category, 519–520 Anafranil, 342 melatonergic action, 313–317 prodromal stage, 515–519 analgesics monoamine oxidase inhibitors range of proposed targets, 533–536 interactions with MAOIs, 340 (MAOIs), 326–342 risk factors for disease anandamide, 5, 543, 561 monoamine transporter blockers, progression, 515 anatomical basis of 289–346 risk related to Apo-E, 509–510 neurotransmission, 1–2 norepinephrine–dopamine rivastigmine, 526–527 anatomically addressed nervous reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), role of Abeta peptides, 505, 507, 509 system, 1–2 309–312 role of amyloid precursor protein anesthetics selective norepinephrine reuptake (APP), 505–507, 509 interactions with MAOIs, 335 inhibitors (NRIs), 312–313 role of pathological tau, 508 “angel dust”. See phencyclidine (PCP) serotonin antagonist/reuptake search for a vaccine, 521 anhedonia inhibitors (SARIs), 322–326 targeting glutamate, 527–531 in schizophrenia, 82 serotonin–norepinephrine testing of potential treatments, anorexia nervosa, 564 reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 533–536 antagonist action 302–309 treatments for psychiatric and G-protein-linked receptors, 36–37 serotonin partial agonist- behavioral symptoms, 531–533 ligand-gated ion channels, 57–59 reuptake inhibitors (SPARIs), Alzheimer’s disease stages, 510–511 anticholinergics, 523 300–302 amyloidosis with anticonvulsants, 73 serotonin selective reuptake neurodegeneration and cognitive as mood stabilizers, 373–380 inhibitors (SSRIs), 290–300 decline, 519–520 antidepressant action, 47 tricyclic antidepressants, 312, amyloidosis with some atypical antipsychotics, 169–172 342–346 neurodegeneration, 515–519 comparison with placebo in clinical antidepressant-induced bipolar asymptomatic amyloidosis, 511–515 trials, 285 disorder, 382 dementia stage, 519–520 debate over efficacy, 285–287 antidepressant-induced mood distinction of MCI from normal definition of a treatment response, disorders, 247–250 aging, 515–519 285 antidepressant “poop-out”, 245 first stage (preclinical), 511–515 discovery of, 6 antidepressant selection mild cognitive impairment (MCI), disease progression in major arousal combos, 365 515–519 depression, 289 based on genetic testing, 361–362 presymptomatic stage, 511–515 effects throughout the life based on weight of the evidence, second stage, 515–519 cycle, 289 361–362 symptomatic predementia stage, efficacy in clinical trials, 285–287 breastfeeding patient, 361 515–519 failure to achieve remission, 287 California rocket fuel (SNRI plus third (final) stage, 519–520 general principles, 285–289 mirtazapine), 363 amenorrhea, 95 goal of sustained remission, 285 combination therapies for amisulpride, 168 importance of achieving remission, major depressive disorder, pharmacologic properties, 212 289 362–365 amitifidine (triple reuptake inhibitor), in “real world” trials, 289 combination therapies for 365 STAR-D trial of antidepressants, treatment-resistant depression, amitriptyline, 6, 342 287 362–365 amoxapine, 162, 342 antidepressant augmenting agents, depression treatment strategy, AMPA PAMs, 228 346–353 284–285 AMPA receptor modulators, 228 brain stimulation techniques, equipoise situation, 361–362 AMPA receptors, 101–102 350–352 evidence-based selection, AMPAkines, 228, 500 buspirone, 301–302 353–354 amphetamine, 34, 327, 547 deep brain stimulation (DBS), for pregnant patients, 357–361 ADHD treatment, 490–491 351–352 for women based on life-cycle brain’s own (dopamine), 543 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 350 stage, 357 wake-promoting agent, 468 L-methylfolate, 346–350 for women of childbearing age, amygdala, 122 psychotherapy as an epigenetic 357–361 fear response, 392–395 “drug”, 352–353 postpartum patient, 361 neurobiology of fear, 392–395 SAMe (S-adenosyl-methionine), 350 symptom-based approach, neuroimaging in schizophrenia, thyroid hormones, 350 354–357 122–126 transcranial magnetic stimulation triple action combination role in fear conditioning, 409–411 (TMS), 350–351 (SSRI/SNRI/NDRI), 362–363 592 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02598-1 — Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology 4th Edition Index More Information Index antidepressants in development anxious self-punishment and blame late-onset type, 484 CRF1 (corticotrophin-releasing in depressive psychosis, 80 selective inattention symptom, factor) antagonists, 365 apathy 474 future treatments for mood in depressive psychosis, 80 symptoms, 471–475 disorders, 365–366 ApoE (apolipoprotein E) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder glucocorticoid antagonists, 365 and Alzheimer’s disease risk, (ADHD) treatment multimodal agents, 365–367 509–510 alpha 2A adrenergic agonists, NMDA blockade, 365–366 appetite regulation 495–499 serotonin–norepinephrine– neurobiological basis, 564 amphetamine, 490–491 dopamine reuptake inhibitors aripiprazole, 49–50, 159, 162, atomoxetine, 493–495 (SNDRIs), 365 168–169, 171, 300, 383 DAT target for stimulant drugs, triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs), 365 metabolic risk, 173 491–496 vasopressin 1B antagonists, 365 pharmacologic properties, 202–210 differences in children, adolescents antihistamines, 335 armodafinil and adults, 484–487 antimanic actions in combinations of mood stabilizers, future treatments, 500–502 atypical antipsychotics, 171 385 general principles of stimulant antipsychotics, 47, 129–130 mode of action, 468 treatment, 487–490 as mood stabilizers, 373–381 mood-stabilizing properties,
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