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Product Manual Dimethyl Dicarbonate

Version 1.0 Revision Date 20.07.2018

Registration Overview Please read the appendix.

Product Properties 2.1 Quality standard(Chinese standard GB1886.68-2015) Component: Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) Product appearance: Colorless transparent liquid at room temperature Purity: ≥99.8% Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): ≤0.2% Lead (Pb): ≤2ppm 2.2 Product composition Substance: Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) Formula: C4H6O5 Molecular weight: 134.09

1 Structural Formula:

CAS-No: 4525-33-1 INS-No: 242 EINECS-No: 224-859-8 Hazardous ingredient: Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) 2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties Form Clear ,Liquid (room temperature) Color Colorless Odor Fruity odor, ester like(low concentration), pungent (high concentration) Freezing point 17℃ Boiling point 172℃(decompose, CO2 release) Density 1.25g/cm3 ,20℃ Vapor pressure 0.7mbar ,20℃ Viscosity 2.1mPa·s Water solubility 35g/l(decompose) ,20℃ Flash point 85℃ Ignition temperature 465℃ Explosion limits 3%Vol-29.9Vol

Contact us: Phone: +86 23 6308-6956 Fax: +86 23 6308-6956 Email: [email protected] Page 2 of 8 Chongqing Changfeng biotechnology Co. Ltd. Properties and Use of DMDC 3.1 Overview DMDC is widely used in beverage and wine as low-temperature bactericide in the world. After been dosed into drinks, DMDC will decompose into trace of CO2 and Methanol ( When the temperature is 20℃, the half-life period in drinks is 2.13 hours ,completely decomposition is 7 hours), CO2 and Methanol are the natural composition of beverage and grape wine which are made of fruits and fruit juice. No There will be no danger to drinkers when hydrolysis is finished. 3.2 Mechanism of function By inactivating enzyme inside microbe-react with imidazole and amidogen, DMDC will eliminate all microbes. Imidazole and amidogen are the basic element of enzyme in microbes, so the effects of antibiotics is extensive. The primary target of DMDC including: yeast (brewer's yeast, Zygosaccharomyces, rhodotorula, Pichia pastoris, Torulopsis, etc.), mold(blue mold, hairy mold, Byssochlamys, Fusarium, etc.), bacteria(Pasteurianus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus, etc.) In water, DMDC can kill 99.999%~99.9999% E. coli and yeast in 2 hours. Thus, the bactericidal ability of DMDC is very outstanding. 3.3 Product feature High potency Minute dosage can wipe out the microbe which spoil beverage. Safe DMDC has been approved by more than 110 countries. No residue Completely decomposed into trace of CO2 and Methanol. (Both are natural component of beverage) Highly-efficient on retain freshness DMDC has no odor at a low-concentration, it has no effect on beverage’s flavor, not to mention loss of nutritional ingredient. 2 Compatible with various packing materials DMDC is compatible with various packing materials such as glass, metal, plastic, paper box and so on. High-temperature PET bottle can be replaced by a cheaper one, for DMDC is capable of low-temperature bottling.

Use and Dosing 4.1 Use in beverage and wine An appropriate dosing machine is indispensable for the use of DMDC, it can assure DMDC evenly dispersed in the beverage and wine. Operator must be trained by professional personnel. Eye and skin contact with DMDC should be avoided, Vapor and mist must not be inhaled. Keep DMDC away from heat source. Smoking is definitely prohibited. Take action to prevent static focus. For DMDC will decompose into beverage’s natural ingredient in a short time, and the bactericidal effect will not exist after decomposition. So the dosing step better be operated just before bottling. To ensure the bactericidal effect, placing the beverage bottle upside down is suggested after bottling, so DMDC can eliminate the microbes exist in the upper space and bottle cap. If interruption (over 1 hour) occurs in bottling process, in consideration of DMDC’s decomposition has already been on for a while, we suggest that empty the beverage tubes and bottling equipment, then restart bottling step. When High temperature sterilization and DMDC are used together, temperature of beverage should be under 35℃ before dosing DMDC into the beverage, in case that DMDC decomposes too fast. 4.2 Applications in other industries Other industries like plant extracts, industrial fermentation, consult with DMDC manufacturer. 4.3 Matters need attention Though DMDC performs magnificently in sterilization, but high-standard sanitary condition is still irreplaceable (including

Contact us: Phone: +86 23 6308-6956 Fax: +86 23 6308-6956 Email: [email protected] Page 3 of 8 Chongqing Changfeng biotechnology Co. Ltd. hardware and management). For better effect of sterilization and ensure the product’s quality, regular cleaning and sterilization of equipment and tube are still necessary.

Storage and Transportation 5.1 Storage condition and warranty period Store DMDC in cool, dry and well-ventilated area. The suggested temperature is 18-25℃. Temperature above 30℃ (no more than a week )does not affect the product quality. DMDC will decompose if exposed to high temperature for a long time. When the temperature is below 17℃ , DMDC will crystallize. Crystallization is significantly good for the extension of warranty period. But it need some time to melt DMDC before dosing. Unfreezing temperature must be below 40℃, dose DMDC as soon as it be unfrozen, in case of decomposition. Finish the use of DMDC as soon as possible after the original container is opened, if there is rest, seal the container with original bottle cap, and keep the container upright in case of leakage. If the stored time is too long or the temperature is always higher than suggested standard .CO2 may appear (for DMDC’s decomposition).If this happens, there will be the risk of container explosion. So be very careful, when open the container .Watch out for vapor at the same time. Warranty period can be so long as 1 year when the storage temperature is below 30℃. 5.2 International transport Hazardous mark: T Hazardous code: 21/22-23/34 Safety instruction: 18-26-28-36/37/39-38-45 EINECS code: 224-859-8 5.3 UN number ADR/RID: 2927 IMDG: 2927 IATA: 2927 3 5.4 UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: TOXIC LIQUID, CORROSIVE, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (Dimethyl dicarbonate) IMDG: TOXIC LIQUID, CORROSIVE, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (Dimethyl dicarbonate) IATA: TOXIC LIQUID, CORROSIVE, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (Dimethyl dicarbonate) 5.5 Transport hazard class (es) ADR/RID: 6.1 (8) IMDG: 6.1 (8) IATA: 6.1 (8) 5.6 Packaging group ADR/RID: II IMDG: II IATA: II

Overview of Hazard 6.1 Overview DMDC can cause severe irritation to skin, eyes and mucosa. Inhaling product in a high concentration for a short time may also cause irritation to the nose, throat and respiratory system and cause suppurative bronchitis. Anaphase symptoms (1-5 hours) include discomfort, headache, severe irritating cough and irritation of the skin. Asthma may occur in the staff those are at the pretreatment place. When ventilation at the work place is not in good condition and DMDC is scattered in a large area, high vapor pressure of DMDC can enhance the concentration in the air (When accident happens or disposal is not adequate). Long-term inhalation will damage lungs, may lead to death in extreme situation. More details please read MSDS. 6.2 GHS hazardous classification and label element Labelling according Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Emergency Phone : +86 23 4031-2900

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Pictogram

Signal word Danger H227 Combustible liquid H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful if in contact with skin H314 Causes severe skin burns H318 Causes severe eye damage H330 Fatal if inhaled

First aid Measures 7.1 Measures General advice Consult with a doctor. Show him this MSDS. In case of skin contact Take off contaminated clothing immediately. Take the victim to hospital immediately. Wash with soap. In case of eye contact Flush thoroughly with plenty of water for a quarter at least .Go and see a doctor. If inhaled Move to fresh air and call the doctor. If not breathing, artificial respiration is necessary. Call the doctor. If swallowed Emesis is not recommended. Gargle with plenty of water. Call the doctor. Caution: Never feed the insensible guy with anything or water. 7.2 Matters need attention for physician 4 Medical measures: When symptoms started, emesis is recommended after 15 to 30 minutes. If inhaled DMDC, inhale cortisone spray immediately. After the first aid is finished, 24-hour observation on the victim is necessary. 7.3 Firefighting measures Extinguish media Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Carbon oxides Advice for firefighters Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information Cool the unopened container of DMDC with water spray.

Accidental Release Measures 8.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Wear respiratory protection. Avoid inhaling vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to explosion limit. For personal protection see section 8. 8.2 Environmental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let DMDC flow into drains. 8.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container

Contact us: Phone: +86 23 6308-6956 Fax: +86 23 6308-6956 Email: [email protected] Page 5 of 8 Chongqing Changfeng biotechnology Co. Ltd. for disposal according to local regulations (see section 13). Keep in suitable, sealed containers for disposal. Absorb and cover the liquid with sand, bits of wood or something that can be used as thickening material. If condition allows, alkaline solid adsorbent (calcium silicate, lime, etc.) is better. After long enough time, collect and barrel the adsorbent, moisten it, keep barrels open. Flush the remnant with water. Make sure ventilation is qualified. Vapors of DMDC must not be detected before personnel go back to work again. Disposal Considerations 9.1 Product This material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Hand over the rest and unrecyclable part to a qualified company. 9.2 Contaminated package Dispose as unused product

Other Matters 10.1 Declaration Information of this document is concluded by experiment, it does not have legal effect. Our suggestion is not suitable for every client. Clients should testify our suggestions by their own experiment, particularly to testify whether our product manual and MSDS are suitable for their current manufacturing technique and purpose. What we can guarantee is our product’s quality meets requirement. We do not take responsibility for how clients use it, clients must be responsible for this by themselves. 10.2 Remarks The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information of this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard 5 to appropriate safety precautions. Further information can be obtained by reading product manual and the dosing machine (Atomix 150) manual, or contact with our company.

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Appendix Registration Overview

Codex Alimentarius:

Codex General Standard for Food Additives （CODEX STAN 192-1995，Adopted in 1995. Revision 2014.） Dimethyl dicarbonate (INS: 242) is listed as permitted food additive in the Codex General Standard for Food Additives for the following food categories. Food Cat No. Food Category Max Level Year Adopted Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," 14.1.4 250 mg/kg 1999 "energy," or “electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other 14.1.5 250 mg/kg 2004 hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa 14.2.2 Cider and perry 250 mg/kg 2004 14.2.3 Grape wines 200 mg/kg 2004 14.2.4 Wines (other than grape) 250 mg/kg 2004 14.2.5 Mead 200 mg/kg 2004 Note As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food.

DMDC Quality Standard （63rd JECFA (2004)） Chemical names: Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) 6 CAS No.: 004-525-33-1 Description: Colorless liquid Assay: ≥99.8% Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): ≤0.2% Lead (Pb): ≤2 mg/kg

European Regulation (European Union)

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 2008 on food additives. Max Level (mg/l or Food Cat No. Food Category mg/kg as appropriate)

14.1.4 Flavoured drinks 250

14.1.5.2 Other (only liquid tea concentrate) 250 Wine and other products defined by Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007, and 14.2.2 250 alcohol-free counterparts(only alcohol-free) 14.2.3 Cider and perry 250

14.2.4 Fruit wine and made wine 250

14.2.7 Aromatised wine-based products as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91 250 Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non- 14.2.8 250 alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol Note: Ingoing amount, residues not detectable

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USA Regulations (Code of Federal Regulations)

DMDC is currently regulated in the USA as both a food additive and a food contact substance. The specific regulatory classification of “food additive” or “food contact substance” depends upon the product in which the DMDC will be used. (21CFR172.133) Dimethyl dicarbonate, Microbial control agent in the following beverages under normal circumstances of bottling, canning, or other forms of final packaging, where the viable microbial load has been reduced to 500 microorganisms per milliliter or less by current good manufacturing practices such as heat treatment, filtration, or other technologies prior to the use of dimethyl dicarbonate.

1) In wine, dealcoholized wine, and low alcohol wine in an amount not to exceed 200 parts per million. 2) In ready-to-drink teas in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million. 3) In carbonated or noncarbonated, nonjuice-containing (less than or equal to 1 percent juice), flavored or unflavored beverages containing added electrolytes (5-20 milliequivalents/liter sodium ion (Na+) and 3-7 milliequivalents/liter potassium ion (K+)) in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million. 4) In carbonated, dilute beverages containing juice, fruit flavor, or both, with juice content not to exceed 50 percent, in an amount not to exceed 250 parts per million

The additive meets the following specifications: 1) The additive has a purity of not less than 99.8 percent 2) The additive contains not more than 2,000 ppm (0.2 percent) dimethyl carbonate

List of Registered Countries: 7 To obtain more specific information on DMDC in each country, please read the local regulations and laws.

Member countries of EU

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden The Netherlands United Kingdom

Other European Countries

Albania Belarus Bosnia & Herzegovina Ukraine Iceland Kazakhstan Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Norway Russia Serbia Switzerland Turkey

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Asian-Pacific countries

Armenia Azerbaijan Australia Bahrain Bangladesh China Georgia Thailand India Indonesia Israel Jordan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Aribia Singapore Syria United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen New Zealand

America

USA Canada Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Venezuela

Africa

8 Algeria Angola Burundi Egypt Tanzania Ghana Kenya Mauritius Morocco Tunisia Nigeria Rwanda South Africa Sudan Uganda

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