DOCSLIB.ORG

AKU-6-74-001 Ancient and Current Methods of Taking the Bowhead Whale

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AKU-6-74-001 Ancient and Current Methods of Taking the Bowhead Whale AKU-6-74-001 Ancient and Current Methods Of Taking The Bowhead Whale By Dr. Floyd E. Durham University of Alaska Sea Grant Program 707 A Street Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Alaska Sea Grant Report No. 73-9 The cover woodcut, "Hiyu Muktuk," depicts Eskimo whalers about to harpoon a huge bowhead. The print was created by Dale DeArmond of Juneau, a noted Alaskan artist who spent several weeks in Gambell on St. LawrenceIsland during the spring whaling season of 1973. Jack Lentfer, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service The rostrumsof tuo bowheadwhales protruding above the surfaceof the Arctic Oceannear Barrow, Alaska. Dr. Floyd Durham, a research biologist at the Hancock Foundation of the University of South- ern California, has been studying bowheadwhales for the past thirteen years. He has worked with Eskimo whaling crews at Barrow almost every year since 1961, and has visited other whaling villagesfrom Walesto Barter Island. In this paper, Dr. Durham describes the various hunting tech- niques used by whalers on the Arctic coast from prehistoric times to the present, He then discusses the effects of these various techniques and of international whaling laws upon the contempo- rary Eskimo whale harvest. Two Man has been hunting whales for almost floats, each with a buoyancy of 200 to 300 5,000 years. Throughout the world the wealth in pounds, impeded the swimming and particularly these magnificentcreatures has beenrecognized the diving of the frantic, wounded whale. The and pursued, In the Arctic, the whale has tradi- floats also indicated the direction in which the tionally been hunted by the Eskimos for food, whale was fleeing, its depth, and its point of re- and during the frenzied whaling days of the 19th appearance at the surface, where several boats century, by white Yankee whalers for oil and usually met the whale with additional harpoons baleen. and floats. Fifteen floats were required to prevent Primitive Hunters a large whale from submerging. Its tail tendons were cut and its chest was pierced repeatedly with Considerable evidence of prehistoric whaling long-handledlances until the whale spouted blood is available. Gregarious whales were sometimes and d ie d. Thus the tethered, exhausted, stampeded and driven onto a beach or up a hamstrung animal finally bled to death, narrow inlet or fjord where they were hacked or lanced to death. In some areas, such as Japan, huge nets were devised to take even medium-sized whales.' The Makah Indiansfixed harpoonsand Eskimo Whalers floats in large whales,which preventedthem from The whale was approached with more taboos diving deeper than six feet; then a member of the than any other animal in the Eskimo world. The crew rode the whale while stabbing it. In gener- whale, it was said, would not honor unclean al, however, primitive man used harpoons with Eskimos with his death. It is no wonder that the lines and floats attached to fatigue the whale, and Eskimos relied on chance and charm for success, then killed it with a lance. considering the large size of the animal and the The latter technique continued in general use great dangers of the hunt. The bowhead whale throughout the first half of the 19th century in Bataena mysticekus!, was the most important the commercial harvest of large, slow-moving, game animal to the Eskimo of northern Alaska, buoyant whales. It was used by Eskimos before where a village might take twenty in a season. The they came into contact with Yankee whalers, The success of the hunt was dependent upon the umiak and the kayak were the standard whaling captain, whose extra sense sometimes enabled boats of the Eskimos, They attached a barbed him to steer the umiak to the spot where the harpoon head of bone, ivory, or stone to a long, whale would rise. The harpooner's chances of heavy, wooden handle which could be heaved as striking a death blow were greatly enhancedif he far as twenty feet. Some heads were ingeniously had just spent the night with the captain's pretti- made to "toggle" flex 90' crosswise!, which est wife. The charm of the woman was thought to prevented them from tearing out of the harpoon- reconcile the whale to being harpooned, thus ed animal. Attached to the harpoon was a rope up bringing honor to the village. The woman' s to 100 feet long, made of, the hide of walrus or contribution to insuring a whale kill was to wear other animal. A series of pokes floats made from her best clothes, including a brow band with seal skins!, was attached to the harpoon. The ornament. Three Regional variations in Eskimo techniques for shore ice, and drowned. When it putrefied, the taking whales has been described by several ex- whale expandedand cracked the ice. The escaping plorers, historians, geographers,and whalers. odor, particularly recognizableto dogs, identified According to Kaj Birket-Smith's comparative the location of the stinking carcass, which was study of North American Eskimos, those in the then chiseled from the ice. Hudson's Bay area were shy of water. The men When bowheads were numerous they were wore waterproof suits and tied floats to the taken at even insignificant coastal prominences, gunwale of the umiak to prevent it from capsiz- such as Krusenstern where the men isolated them- ing, and they paddled silently by standing up. The selves physically and spiritually while whaling. man in the bow handled the harpoon, which had They wore masks, displayed figurines, and held a buoy and drag anchor attached. The latter was ceremonial dances. Following these preparations, not illustrated and probably was endemic to the the bowhead was harpooned from an umiak. Hudson's Bay Eskimos. Poison, allegedly made Many harpoons with attached floats caused the from the fat of a human being who was secretly whale to drown from fear or from wounds. killed, would kill a whale when smearedon the Whales were sometimes deliberately killed by harpoon head, or if poured in the water at the poisoning, and later the Eskimos feastedupon the mouth of a bay, it would prevent a confined putrefying flesh of the whale. At Wales, many whales formerly were whale from escaping. Don Charles Foote spent several years with harpooned as they rose at the edgeof the ice, and the Eskimo whalers at Point Hope, He described were hacked to death with stone lances. Across traditional whaling as sticking a whale with a Bering Strait at East Cape,the Eskimosused long harpoon to which three inflated sealskin floats harpoonlines with six to ten pokes,floats made were attached. Other crews joined the attack, of sealskin, spaced twenty to thirty feet apart. lancing the animal in the spine, heart, liver, and The whale was killed with a lance years later, flipper tendons. "Present-day hunting with a bomb lance!. 959-1962! differs little except for the darting In the Bering Sea and North Pacific near the gun and shoulder gun usedfor killing." Aleutian Islands, the Eskimos hunted whales, It is possible that the very large bowhead including bowheads. Two men in a kayak ap- taken years ago at Point Hope was killed by proachedwithin throwing distanceof a surfacing poisoning. The almost legendary story is that a whale. A spear with a detachable, slate-tipped medicine man and a harpooner in a kayak point smeared with a poisonous local plant approachedthe large whale, As the hunter threw Aconitum! extract, was hurled into the animal's the harpoon, the medicine man sang a song so back. The hunters then returned to camp to wait powerful that even a prick of the harpoon would for the whale to sicken and die, hoping that it, or have killed the animal, The great whale died one poisoned by another hunter, would wash meekly, and its meat and jawboneswere taken to ashore nearby. Apparently the aconite decom- the village. The jaws were set up at the southern posed before the Eskimosretrieved the whale, "feasting ground" where one eroded stump still thus making the flesh of the whale safe for remains. eating. The eating of putrefying flesh by Siberian In the Pacific, the Eskimos and Aleuts hunted Eskimos continued even after white men intro- whales from an umiak or from a two-seated duced firearms. In small boats, hunters chased up kayak, using a heavy harpoon or a thin, slate- the tidal channel any whale that entered a certain tipped lance probably poisoned! designed to small, shallow bay. Frightened and possibly break off in the whale. Whales reputedly died injured by rifle fire, the whale fled to the upper from even small wounds. end of the bay, wedged itself under the heavy Four University of Alaska 1Vluseum Partof a Barrowwhaling harpoon which dates from the late 19th century. The head is of boneand the blade is slate, Five ~e~~A+~+4h@0@C~@~~gg~,'Fg+~<q+@A@%@%'@'++88+'%+@~ 4~ m@,4@ "~@< +@' @~ m~ A~ +~~ @@~0~ e %~a e %~ *e ~e @y,@~~~~ 4 ~5~ @4~+~~@~ s~ 4~~+ +~ ~~@~ ~@~+a~ ~@@ '@A~ ~~@ @@ v~ @Le@~ '4@ @~ 4'~ +I ~@,@~e ~@~ ~ ~~ +' e o~ '4@ > 4@ 4~ A@ v@ ~~ +Sf@ @"y %y l@e 4= 4~ p~4@ %y w@ +~ ', @~~, @t, ' ~e>+v @a +~~ +@@ ~@.@'%~ p~ 8@. e@ e@ 4@ @@ %~ ~@~ ~~ e@ e@ tee ~+e+4~+%s> @@+ m@ 4~ t&~ @y 4 @+ m@ 4'. s~ %+@4@. @ s+ ' @@ 0 . +@ o~ ~e @ +~4,'ee++~~ @+~~a~ @@ ', ~~, ' ~~ ~~@ ~+< ~@~ ~@~+@~'~a@ ~@@ "~ @~,w~+ue~e~ ~s@+w 44@,e 4 @w 4@~~ !PI+e %'~"~ @@@~~'~~.4'@ +~~~ 4 @~"~ ~~ @@~~ &g~~ %@~~ @@~ %~ ~~ 4 y~i, ~~ ~~ +~'e %~ ~e %g@ea W~e.ee ~e ee +e ~e ~4 '~e +~ 4:- "+~ ~~- '~~ ~e ~ ~ '~ 4< ~e ' ~ ~~ ' 'e 0~ @ +yp e % 0 +~ @o 4r@ %~ 4 ~ A~ 4~@ ~+~ a~ %~ 5 . 4 +g, 4 @ '@@ ' @ % A W 4@~ ~ S~ %t'~ 4@ @@,@@@ e@ a~ @@ 4'~~ ~~ ~@ 4@ @~@As@@ '@e -@~+4 wy @~~ -< "qy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kark's Canoeing and Kayaking Guide to 309 Wisconsin Streams
    Kark's Canoeing and Kayaking Guide to 309 Wisconsin Streams By Richard Kark May 2015 Introduction A Badger Stream Love Affair My fascination with rivers started near my hometown of Osage, Iowa on the Cedar River. High school buddies and I fished the river and canoe-camped along its lovely limestone bluffs. In 1969 I graduated from St. Olaf College in Minnesota and soon paddled my first Wisconsin stream. With my college sweetheart I spent three days and two nights canoe- camping from Taylors Falls to Stillwater on the St. Croix River. “Sweet Caroline” by Neil Diamond blared from our transistor radio as we floated this lovely stream which was designated a National Wild and Scenic River in 1968. Little did I know I would eventually explore more than 300 other Wisconsin streams. In the late 1970s I was preoccupied by my medical studies in Milwaukee but did find the time to explore some rivers. I recall canoeing the Oconto, Chippewa, Kickapoo, “Illinois Fox,” and West Twin Rivers during those years. Several of us traveled to the Peshtigo River and rafted “Roaring Rapids” with a commercial company. At the time I could not imagine riding this torrent in a canoe. We also rafted Piers Gorge on the Menomonee River. Our guide failed to avoid Volkswagen Rock over Mishicot Falls. We flipped and I experienced the second worst “swim” of my life. Was I deterred from whitewater? Just the opposite, it seems. By the late 1970s I was a practicing physician, but I found time for Wisconsin rivers. In 1979 I signed up for the tandem whitewater clinic run by the River Touring Section of the Sierra Club’s John Muir Chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2009 Newsletter.Indd
    1 Fall 2009—Volume 48 Issue 3 KCCNY, was established in 1959 and is one of the largest LETTER FROM EDITORS Whitewater Kayaking Clubs in the Northeast. With more than 150 actively paddling members, The Kayak and CANDO Club of New York had a fantastic 2009 serving more than 30 pool Spring/Summer year! A full schedule of activities made for great paddling season sessions and contributing to with a lot of laughs and fun. Beyond the river trips there were beginner weekends, more than 30 new paddlers safety training courses and slalom races. Please note that we are an equal yearly, with the help of ACA opportunity kayak club. We have those members that are creeking, running slalom certified instructors. Donations races, competing at various paddling events beyond the KCCNY and some that are of members help to foster the fortunate enough to travel the world to paddle! You don’t have to go far to find development of ACA certified your kayak passion. instructors and river It was mentioned in the last newsletter on the NEED of having trip coordinators. conservations. In 2008, KCCNY Many of you stepped forward so that the river releases were more than covered. A organized more than 30 pool tip of the paddle, as special note of thanks must go to Chuck, Jack, Ellen, Wayne, sessions, exceeding 50 trips, Steve, Eddie, Cindy, Linda, Dan K., Mark, Kim, Sarah Z, Andy B. and myself. All of several safety courses and us enjoyed helping out and ultimately making sure that the KCCNY had a full beginner & novice instructionals, schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 30 WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964 MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America Edwin Tappan Adney and Howard I. Chapelle Curator of Transportation SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964 — Publications of the United States National Aiuseum The scholarly and scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series the Museum publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of its constituent museums—The Museum of Natural History and the Museum of History and Technology setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of Anthropology, Biology, History, Geology, and Technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries, to cultural and scientific organizations, and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers from the Museum of Natural History. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum of Natural History have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions Jrom the United States National Herbarium, and since 1959, in Bulletins titled "Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology," have been gathered shorter papers relating to the collections and research of that Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Forest Canoe Trail Through Paddler Cheat-Sheet
    Northern Forest Canoe Trail Through Paddler Cheat-Sheet “For Through Paddlers by Through Paddlers” This document addresses many questions, concerns and quick tips that paddlers may encounter as they gear up for a through paddle trip. These are short answers: For more detailed responses, contact a local outfitter and use the maps, guidebooks and online resources offered at NorthernForestCanoetrail.org. There are numerous links throughout and also a “Further Reading/Research” section at the end. This Cheat-Sheet is not intended to be a sole source of information. GEAR BOATS: What kind of boat should I use? What make? What model? What’s the best boat to use? These types of questions have no good answer. There is no ‘best boat’ to paddle the NFCT in. You could do it in any kind of boat—a rowboat would work although no one has tried it yet. In the end it comes down to what you want. Think of canoes like cars: there is no one, right car, but there are better and worse cars depending on what you want to do with them (drag-racing in a mini-van doesn’t make sense just like thru-paddling in a row- boat doesn’t make sense unless you’re making some sort of statement ). Things to consider when buying a boat: o Whitewater Preference: Much of the NFCT is on rivers, many of them with seasonal fluctuations in water level. Some parts will be rocky. Others will be fast flowing and technical. A maneuverable and durable boat or willingness to portage will help in these sections.
    [Show full text]
  • Maitahi Outrigger Canoe Club Meeting
    Maitahi Outrigger Canoe Club Meeting Date: 13th March 2018 Time: 7:20pm Present: Charmaine Payn (President), Katie Thurston, Kilmeny Stephens, Chris Sheldon, Jan Blythe (Secretary), Jeff Neilson, Julie Marriott (Treasurer), Apologies: Tony Davies, Zoe Horvath, John Young Agenda: • Apologies • Minutes from the previous meeting • Matters arising • Financial report Correspondence • TWP - The Whakaraupo Chase, 6/7th April 2018 - Naval Point, Lyttelton Harbour (event on our website) • NKOA Survey (as per item in newsletter) • Amanda’s response to our last meeting General Business • Incident reports • Gear & Maintenance • Membership • Subs Increase to $80 • Permission to movie fundraiser for jan and Rongomai • Lakes Race - Buoys - Race Numbers - Spot Prizes - Storage of Documentation • Club Trip to Mistletoe Lodge (from Dec meeting) • Steerers log board • Cultural Approach • Close of meeting W12 For Portage Discussion Action Penny Molnar came to let us know that Whai Rere and Sunkist would like to do a W12 For Portage this year. She said the steerers were experienced and that they haven’t finalised a crew yet as they wanted to get permission from the committee beFore proceeding. They greatly enjoyed the experience last year and felt it’s a way of encouraging people to Feel supported in participating in a race over the longer distance. Last year they were not able to do the 20km race because the organisers had had no experience 1 | Page of a W12 and they didn’t know what to expect. Julie thought it was an awesome idea, but mentioned in previous years there has been a lot of competition For waka For Portage and it has been a contentious issue and caused a lot oF anxt within the club.
    [Show full text]
  • Outrigger Canoe Paddling Hawaiian Style
    T ALES FROM THE RIVERBANK July/August 2011 Outrigger Canoe Paddling Hawaiian Style Debra Bookbinder Yes, ANOTHER kind of paddling, and it is great fun. Page 2 July/August 2011 An outrigger: - “is a type of canoe featuring The typical club outrigger has six seats and one or more lateral support floats known as roles associated with seat position. The outriggers, which are fastened to one or both Captain takes the rear seat 6, steering and sides of the main hull. Smaller canoes often taking responsibility for the direction, speed employ a single outrigger on the port side, and anything else, kind Captains who actually while larger canoes may employ a single allow you to rest are very popular. When outrigger, double outrigger, or double hull steering is sorted Captains (sometimes) also configuration (see also catamaran). The paddle, but some take in the scenery. sailing canoes are an important part of the Polynesian heritage and are raced and sailed in Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa and by the Māori of New Zealand. Using an outrigger or double hull configuration greatly increases the stability of the canoe, but introduces much less hydrodynamic inefficiency than making a single hull canoe wider. Compared to other types of canoes, outrigger canoes can be quite fast, yet are also capable of being paddled and Captain’s privilege sailed in rougher water. This paddling technique, however, differs greatly from Seat 1, at the nose of the boat is taken by the kayaking or rowing. The paddle, or blade, ‘stroker’. used by the paddler is single sided, with either a straight or a double-bend shaft.
    [Show full text]
  • Milwaukee Urban Water Trail
    MILWAUKEE URBAN WATER TRAIL A Canoe and Kayak Guide City of Milwaukee, as seen from the Menomonee River. (Friends of Milwaukee’s Rivers) The Milwaukee Urban Water Trail IS A CANOE & KAYAK ROUTE THROUGH URBAN Planning for a Safe Trip Although the Milwaukee Urban Water Trail is not as remote PORTIONS OF THE MILWAUKEE, MENOMONEE, AND KINNICKINNIC RIVERS – WITH MORE as many popular water trail routes, the power and unpredict- ability of the Milwaukee, Menomonee, and Kinnickinnic riv- THAN 25 MILES OF PADDLING. THE TRAIL ENHANCES PUBLIC RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNI- ers should never be underestimated! It is important to plan ahead before launching. Be aware of water levels, potential TIES, PROMOTES SAFE AND LEGAL RIVER ACCESS, AND ENCOURAGES STEWARDSHIP. hazards, and required and recommended portages. ilwaukee’s Rivers – Past and Present atural Attractions M Milwaukee’s rivers have always been im- N Our local rivers flow through lands that are both pri- Water Levels and Hazards portant cultural, economic, and natural pathways. vately and publicly owned, with most of the latter protected Water levels and flow can vary greatly with rainfall, affect- Native Americans used these water routes for by the Milwaukee County Parks system and other munici- ing safety both on the land and water. Higher water gener- trade and transportation, and sustained themselves pal parks. These parks provide a scenic backdrop along ally increases level of difficulty due to low bridges, snags, with the fish, wildlife, wild rice, and other plants much of the water trail, as well as provide excellent oppor- concealed boulders, low hanging trees, and other hazards.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Stillwater River Water Trail
    Stillwater River Water Trail Our rivers and streams offer wonderful opportunities for recreation, from kayaking and canoeing to fishing and wildlife watching. But it’s important to learn how to enjoy them safely. Review the information on the reverse side to make sure your next outing on the Stillwater River Water Trail is a safe and fun adventure. SW 65.0 SW 63.0 SW 61.0 SW 57.0 SW 59.0 SW 55.0 Coming Soon SW 53.7 SW 49.0 SW 53.0 SW 47.0 SW 45.0 SW 43.0 SW 51.0 SW 38.6 SW 41.0 SW 37.5 SW 35.0 SW 35.9 GC 27.0 GC 25.0 SW 32.4 GC 21.3 GC 20.8 GC 03.0 GC 13.7 GC 13.7 SW 32.0 SW 32.5 GC GC 05.0 GC 23.6 GC 19.5 11.0 GC 09.0 GC 06.2 GC 01.7 GC 21.3 GC 13.0 GC 15.0 SW 31.2 GC 07.0 GC 01.6 GC 21.6 GC 17.0 SW 30.5 SW 29.4 SW 27.6 SW 27.0 SW 25.0 SW 23.3 SW 23.4 SW 21.5 LC 01.0 Map Legend LC 13.0 SW 21.0 LC 03.0 LC 01.2 Roadside N 39˚ 59’ 53” Parking LC 09.0 W 84˚ 20’ 15” River Miles MCD LC 11.0 LC 05.0 Water Trail Access Parking Lot Flood Control Dam River Miles Restrooms Low Dams LC 07.0 No Access Drinking Water Ohio State Routes SW Stillwater River SW 17.4 GC Greenville Creek Picnic Area U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Canoe Trips: What to Expect and How to Prepare
    Canoe Trips: What to Expect and How to Prepare Wilderness trips are an awesome way to experience nature, learn new skills, see and meet old and new friends, and build self-confidence and independence. Wilderness trips have a great mix of fun, excitement, and challenge, and go to amazing places with fascinating stories waiting to be discovered. All Wolf Ridge trips are open to campers of all backgrounds and experiences and prior wilderness tripping experience isn’t required to participate, however it is important to know what to expect on a backcountry wilderness trip. Knowing what to expect as well as being prepared for your trip is essential to having a great trip experience. What To Expect Canoe camping in the Boundary Waters and Quetico is a classic and iconic way to camp and travel in these beautiful areas and brings adventure, challenges, and a sense of accomplishment. You can expect to experience the freedom of wilderness travel, exploration of lakes of forests, and time spent around the campfire with friends. You can also expect to camp and sleep in a tent for every night on your trip, and you will probably pack up and move to a new campsite most days out of the trip. Daily trip mileage can vary depending on the group and trip, but groups typically travel an average of 5-6 miles a day, and in some cases up to 10 miles or more in a day with multiple portages if need be (Quetico, 3-week Expedition). The Boundary Waters and Quetico are wild, beautiful, and rugged places.
    [Show full text]
  • Lizard Creek Is a LIZARDLIZARD “Non-Meandered” Stream in Iowa CREEKCREEK Law
    Lizard Creek is a LIZARDLIZARD “non-meandered” stream in Iowa CREEKCREEK law. That means that the State of Iowa owns the water flowing through it, but not the land adjacent to it or under it. That’s all private land. Please respect it and don’t tresspass. Even though you can’t get out or camp along this beautiful stream, there’s plenty to see along the way! Paddlers need to be aware that In addition, electric fences spanning the stream reaches outside the width of the river may sometimes be desingated Water Trail are not encountered signed from the river (gray areas on map). WEBSTER COUNTY LIZARD CREEK - FAST WATER AND INDUSTRY This water trail follows the North Fork Lizard Creek flowing from northwest to the southeast ending at the Des Moines River in the City of Fort Dodge. This beautiful water trail is not for beginners. The presence of large rocks and fast- flowing water can prove somewhat challenging for paddlers. The winding water trail features wildlife above and below the water. Clusters of holes can be seen dotting the high sandstone bluffs where bank swallows make their nests. The high bluffs surrounding the creek served as camp sites for prehistoric Native Americans and historic tribes. Bank swallows make nests in soft sandstone Bank swallows of both sexes dig clusters of tunnels up to Photo by Jay McGowan several feet deep in vertical banks and soft stone bluffs. The small-sized swallows fly low over water with quick, fluttery wingbeats, catching insects in the air. LIZARD CREEK WATER TRAIL Red oak leaves Riffles and rapids Iowa DNR file photo Red oak trees can be found in the upland woodlands at the northern end of the water The Lizard offers a number of opportunities to hone your river reading skills.
    [Show full text]
  • PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY
    PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY Report for the Year 1964 ~~- PRINTED BY -==--=-~----------------- -- <'\ -- -- -=- " ' -- ' AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY .... ~ __.._ - ~~- _" -- ,~~ --1~ To Major-General the Honourable GEORGE RANDOLPH PEARKES, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YouR HoNouR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Pro- vincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the year 1964. W. K. KIERNAN, Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Office of the Minister of Recreation. and Conservation, January, 1965. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, VICTORIA, B.C., January 25, 1965. The Honourable W. K. Kiernan, Minister of Recreation and Conservation, Victoria, B.C. SIR,-The undersigned respectfully submits herewith a report covering the activities of the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the calendar year 1964. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. CLIFFORD CARL, Director. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION The Honourable WILLIAM KENNETH KIERNAN, Minister. D . B. TURNER, PH.D., Deputy Minister. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND .~THROPOLOGY STAFF G. CLIFFORD CARL, PH.D., Director. CHARLES J. GuiGUET, M.A., Curator of Birds and Mammals. WILSON D uFF, M.A., Curator of Anthropology. ADAM F. SZCZAWINSKI, PH.D ., Curator of Botany. DoNALD N. ABBOTT, B.A., Assistant in Anthropology. FRANKL. BEEBE, Illustrator and Museum Technician. MARGARET CRUMMY, B.A., Clerk-Stenographer. BETTY C. NEWTON, Assistant in Museum Technique. SHEILA Y. NEWNHAM, Assistant in Museum Technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Park Science Anchorage, Alaska Connections to Natural and Cultural Resource Studies in Alaska’S National Parks
    National Park Service U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Support Office Alaska Park Science Anchorage, Alaska Connections to Natural and Cultural Resource Studies in Alaska’s National Parks Summer 2003 Table of Contents Return to Glacier Bay ________________________ 5 The Wales/Deering Subsistence Producer Analysis Project __________________ 13 Chukchi Cape Krusenstern Bear Human Interactions at Glacier Bay Sea National Monument National Park and Preserve: Conflict Risk Assessment __________________ 21 Deering Wales Red Light District Ethnohistory Bering Land Bridge in Seward, Alaska __________________________ 27 National Preserve Unlocking the Secrets of K A Lake Clark Sockeye Salmon ________________ 33 Norton Sound A S Pioneer Arctic Archeologist L J. Louis Giddings____________________________ 39 A Science News ____________________________ 44-51 Glacier Bay Alaska Park Science Lake Clark National Park National Park and Preserve http://www.nps.gov/akso/AKScience2003spring.pdf and Preserve Editor: Monica Shah Seward Copy Editor: Thetus Smith Kenai Fjords National Park Project Lead: Robert Winfree, Regional Science Advisor, email: [email protected] Park Science Journal Board: Ted Birkedal, Team Leader for Cultural Resources Bristol Bay Alex Carter, Team Manager for Biological Resources Team Gulf of Alaska Joy Geiselman, Deputy Chief, Biological Science Office USGS Alaska Science Center John Quinley, Assistant Regional Director for Communications Jane Tranel, Public Affairs Specialist Ralph Tingey, Associate Regional Director for Resources and Education Robert Winfree, Regional Science Advisor and Chair of Journal Board Funded By: The Natural Resources Challenge Initiative Printed with soy based ink Produced By: Parks Featured in this Issue Sharing Alaska’s Natural and Cultural Heritage Cover photograph © Randall Davis 2 About the Authors Herbert Anungazuk is an anthropologist for the Alaska Support Office, National Park Service.
    [Show full text]