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Paper-Based Devices for Formaldehyde Analysis

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Paper-Based Devices for Formaldehyde Analysis อุปกรณ์แบบกระดาษสาหรับการวิเคราะห์ฟอร์มัลดีไฮด์ 3617976898 PAPER-BASED DEVICES FOR FORMALDEHYDE ANALYSIS BUU iThesis 59910276 thesis / recv: 17122561 16:41:44 seq: 17 NATCHANON TAPRAB Burapha University 2018 59910276_3617976898 อุปกรณ์แบบกระดาษสาหรับการวิเคราะห์ฟอร์มัลดีไฮด์ 3617976898 BUU iThesis 59910276 thesis / recv: 17122561 16:41:44 seq: 17 ณัฐชนน ตาปราบ วทิ ยานิพนธน์ ้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรวทิ ยาศาสตรมหาบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาเคมีศึกษา คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา 2561 ลิขสิทธิ์ของมหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา PAPER-BASED DEVICES FOR FORMALDEHYDE ANALYSIS 3617976898 BUU iThesis 59910276 thesis / recv: 17122561 16:41:44 seq: 17 NATCHANON TAPRAB A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION FACULTY OF SCIENCE BURAPHA UNIVERSITY 2018 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY D ABSTRACT 59910276: MAJOR: CHEMICAL EDUCATION; M.Sc. (CHEMICAL EDUCATION) KEYWORDS: FORMALDEHYDE / PAPER-BASED TITRATION / FOOD SAMPLES NATCHANON TAPRAB : PAPER -BASED DEVICES FOR FORMALDEHYDE ANALYSIS. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: YUPAPORN SAMEENOI, PH.D. 2018. A rapid and simple paper-based analytical device (PAD) for quantitative 3617976898 analysis of formaldehyde in food samples has been developed. The analysis was based on sulfite assay where the formaldehyde (FA) was reacted with excess amount of sulfite to generate sodium hydroxide and the product consequently quantified using acid-based titration on the PAD. The acid-based titration PAD consisted of a central BUU iThesis 59910276 thesis / recv: 17122561 16:41:44 seq: 17 sample zone connected to ten reaction and detection zones. Polyethylene glycol and phenolphthalein (indicator) were deposited to the detection zones, and different amounts of titrant, potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), were added to the reaction zones. The formaldehyde concentration can be quantified from the number of color- changed detection zone(s) which are correlated to known amount of KHP on reaction zone. The areas of each zone and volumes of the reagents added to the corresponding zones were optimized. The PAD gave range of FA analysis from 100 to 1000 ppm and the LOD was 100 ppm. The PADs were stable for up to a month under dark and cold conditions. The analysis of formaldehyde in food samples was demonstrated using the PAD can be completed within 5 minutes, and the results agreed well with those obtained from the classical titration. E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to my advisor Asst. Prof. Dr.Yupaporn Sameenoi for her patience, enthusiasm, motivated thought, and valuable supports and advices through my study and research. She consistently allowed this research to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever I needed it. Also great appreciation is warmly brought to all committee 3617976898 members for thesis defense, including Dr.Sirirat Choosakoonkriang and Dr.Nawasit Rakbamrung, and Dr.Anan Athipornchai and Dr.Piyaporn Na Nongkhai for proposal BUU iThesis 59910276 thesis / recv: 17122561 16:41:44 seq: 17 defense for their encouragement, insightful comments. I would also like to acknowledge the Project for The Promotion of Science and Mathematics Talent Teacher (PSMT) scholarships from the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST). I’m deeply grateful to Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University where I conducted my wonderful experiment and all staff members and instructors of the department for your kindness and encouragement. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my wonderful family for grateful support and encouragement which push and promote to achieve my master degree. My colleagues for nice thought and encouragement. NATCHANON TAPRAB TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. E TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................... F LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................ I LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. J CHAPTER 1.......................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 1 Statement and significance of the problems.............................................. 1 Objectives.................................................................................................. 4 Contribution to knowledge........................................................................ 4 Scope of Study........................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2.......................................................................................................... 5 LITERATURE REVIEWS.............................................................................. 5 Formaldehyde: General information, application and toxicity.................. 5 Physical and Chemical Properties ....................................................... 6 Definition............................................................................................. 6 Sources ................................................................................................ 6 Uses of Formaldehyde......................................................................... 8 Hazards of Formaldehyde.................................................................... 8 Information and Regulations about FA Uses ..................................... 11 Methods of Formaldehyde Analysis......................................................... 12 Titration method ................................................................................. 12 Chromatography.................................................................................. 12 Spectrophotometry .............................................................................. 13 Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs).............................. 14 Related Literature Reviews ....................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3.......................................................................................................... 18 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Materials and Chemicals .......................................................................... 18 Materials.............................................................................................. 18 Chemicals ........................................................................................... 18 Samples............................................................................................... 19 Research Plans........................................................................................... 20 Experiment Procedures............................................................................. 21 Preparation of solutions...................................................................... 21 Fabrication and design of paper-based device.................................... 24 Design of paper-based device....................................................... 24 Fabrication of paper-based device................................................ 24 General procedure for FA analysis using developed paper-based titration method................................................................................... 26 Sample Preparation............................................................................. 27 Optimization of the proposed assay ................................................... 27 Types of Indicator......................................................................... 27 Indicator Concentrations............................................................... 27 Analytical features for amount of FA................................................. 27 Limit of Detection (LOD)............................................................. 27 Detection Range ........................................................................... 28 Reproducibility ............................................................................. 28 Stability......................................................................................... 28 Tolerance limit of interference ..................................................... 28 Accuracy of FA analysis between the developed PAD titration assay and classical titration .......................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 4.......................................................................................................... 30 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................................... 30 Principle of the proposed assay ................................................................ 30 Optimization of the proposed assay ......................................................... 31 Paper-Based Device Pattern ............................................................... 31 Improvement the device designs ........................................................ 33 Types of Indicator..............................................................................
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