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Odebrecht Reinforce Offline Rights Violations: Guilty of Corruption USA: As many as two million people marched in protest in cities across the USA and around the world on 20 January, the day of President Trump’s inauguration. THE GAMBIA: President Jammeh tried to hold onto power despite losing the election, but was forced to stand down after popular and international pressure. JANUARY PAKISTAN: Five social media and blogging activists, outspoken campaigners against the Taliban and the military’s human YEAR IN REVIEW rights abuses were detained and tortured. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Determined to challenge systematic, large- scale corruption, the Green March Movement (Movimiento Marcha Verde) saw an estimated 200,000 people march on 22 January, the largest peaceful demonstration in the country’s history. january YEAR IN REVIEW 2 2017 opened with some notable civil society successes: when the Gambia’s when eight activists were arrested and charged for making allegedly anti- (see below). President Yahya Jammeh tried to cling onto power after losing government statements and insulting the king on social media. an election, unified civil society action was a crucial part of the pressure that forced him to accept the people’s verdict. An access to information bill was In the USA, and elsewhere, attempts were made to suppress protest energies finally approved by parliament in Lebanon, eight years after the first draft by violence and the introduction of constraining laws. InChile , water cannons was presented, following extensive engagement by civil society. In India, were used against Mapuche indigenous protesters seeking the release of Lawyers Collective, a civil society organisation (CSO) that had its registration their detained spiritual leader, and many protesters were detained. In Cuba, suspended for being deemed in breach of the Foreign Contributions the Ladies in White group, known for holding silent marches each Sunday to Regulation Act (FCRA) - which penalises CSOs that receive international draw attention to the plight of political prisoners, faced multiple incidents funding - won a crucial court case to enable it to access its frozen assets. of harassment. In January police raided the home of Ladies in White activist The court ruled that the FCRA does not give the state the power to stifle Leticia Ramos, and made numerous arrests of Ladies in White members as the functioning of organisations. Lawyers’ Collective claims it was targeted they travelled to the annual Mass for Peace event. Ladies in White activists after filing a claim against Amit Shah, President of the ruling Bharatiya Janata continued to be targeted during the year: in respective Sundays in April, Party. A small piece of history was made in Belize when Osmany Salas, 53 and 69 demonstrators were arrested, and there were reports of some President of the Belize Tourism Industry Association, became the country’s activists being beaten while in detention. first senator directly elected by civil society – the ‘13th senator’. However, the process left significant room for improvement: the electoral pool was low, Police used pepper spray to disperse a peaceful protest in Panama, while with most registered CSOs deemed ineligible to vote because of incomplete in Peru many were injured and 72 arrested as riot police brutally broke up documentation. a protest against road tolls. This was one of several Peruvian protests met with security force violence during the year: in May, a peaceful march for 2017 would also prove a year of mass protests around the world, and few medicinal marijuana legalisation was dispersed with teargas. InGabon , four caught the imagination as much as those that greeted the inauguration of protesters were arrested and detained for a week after calling for a boycott President Donald Trump in the USA and continued to mobilise throughout of the Africa Cup of Nations, hosted by the country. A peaceful protest the year. An important new mass movement, the Green March Movement, against the abduction of journalist Afrah Shawki in Iraq was dispersed with rose up to challenge grand corruption in the Dominican Republic. Poland beatings. The following month, a protest ahead of local elections saw eight saw student-led protests in major cities, on issues such as government protesters and one police officer killed, and rubber bullets and teargas used interference in the education curriculum and media freedom, while renewed by security forces. protests for abortion reform followed in March after parliament passed a law further limiting access to emergency contraception. Côte d’Ivoire experienced Also in Iraq, Yazda, a prominent CSO, was temporarily shut down by the major teachers’ strikes in January, with young people joining protests in Kurdistan Regional Government on allegations of taking part in political sympathy and the police using teargas to disperse them. Young people also activities, highlighting a prominent tactic used around the world to try to protested, about rising unemployment and the lack of job opportunities, in silence dissenting CSOs. Similar tactics were seen in Kazakhstan, where the Jordan, where the government showed the limits to its tolerance of dissent Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Kazakhstan wasclosed down, State of Civil Society report 2018 3 while two trade union leaders, Nurbek Kushakbayev and Amin Yeleusinov, to Front Line Defenders, 312 human rights defenders were assassinated in were charged with holding an illegal strike when they protested against the 2017, while Reporters Without Borders reported that 65 journalists were decision. They received jail sentences of two and a half years and two years killed in 2017. In separate attacks in Guatemala in January, environmental respectively on a range of spurious charges. Meanwhile in Moldova a new activist Laura Vásquez Pinenda was shot dead in an attack on her home, law - the ‘two per cent’ law - came into force enabling taxpayers to allocate protester Sebastián Alonso was killed when an armed group fired on two per cent of their taxes to a CSO or religious organisation of their choice. protesting farmers, and land rights activist and journalist Manuel Salvador While this apparently offered a positive step forward for the funding of civil Trujillo was killed. A radio news journalist, Vilma Gabriela Barrios, was killed society, concern arose about the potential for organisations linked to political the following month, and physical attacks and assassinations continued. figures and public officials to benefit from the opportunity, in a country with The situation was no better in neighbouring Honduras, where journalist a long track record of corruption. The early months of 2017 also saw anti- Igor Padilla was assassinated and another journalist, Bictor Wuilfredo Ruiz corruption protests in Moldova similar to those in neighbouring Romania Hernandez, received death threats. The following month, almost a year to (see February). the day since the notorious murder of indigenous rights leader Berta Cáceres, another leading indigenous land rights activist, José de los Santos Sevilla, An enduring theme for the year was the lack of tolerance by political was killed. The attacks, and state harassment,continued during the year (see leaders and governments for the expression of dissent. Tanzanian President November), and impunity remained a persistent problem. John Magufuli warned newspapers that their “days are numbered” if they encourage dissent. These threats were all too real in many contexts, including Colombian human rights defender Emilsen Manyoma and her partner Pakistan, where five activists who were active online were abducted in Joe Javier Rodallega were found murdered in the city of Buenaventura in January. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), activistAbdulkhaleq Abdulla was January. She was an outspoken critic of international agribusiness, mining arrested and held for 10 days for posting a series of tweets promoting free interests and right-wing paramilitary groups. As in Guatemala and Honduras, expression. UAE human rights defender Ahmed Mansoor was also arrested the killings continued through the year in Colombia: by the end of March and detained in March for his social media usage, while reports emerged of alone it was reported that 19 activists and community leaders had been degrading treatment of human rights defenders detained in prison. In the assassinated. That most of them were active in Colombia’s peace process Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), newspaper editor Ghys Foruné shows how fraught the path to peace remains. Dombe Bemba was arrested on charges of interfering in internal security after writing an article about senior military personnel, and his newspaper At the international level, the USA withdrew from the Trans-Pacific banned. Two Italian journalists were subsequently arrested and detained in Partnership neoliberal trade agreement, casting doubt on the future of the Congo-Brazzaville in March. Overall, the Committee to Protect Journalists deal. In welcome moves at the United Nations (UN), the new UN Secretary- found that a record number of journalists were jailed in 2017, with 262 General António Guterres appointed three women to top positions as part journalists behind bars as a result of their work. of a commitment to “gender parity and geographical diversity” while Vitit Muntarbhorn, the first-ever UN Independent Expert for Protection Against In a number of contexts, activists paid the ultimate price for speaking out and Violence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender defending human rights, a grim trend seen throughout the year: according Identity, held a landmark first consultation with civil society. january YEAR IN REVIEW 4 Arrests were evidently a common tactic. Around 230 people were arrested USA: following the inauguration day protests. Among them were nine journalists, Millions march to defy arrested on charges of felony rioting, an offence that carries a jail sentence of up to 10 years. Although charges were dropped against seven of the President Trump journalists, at the time of writing two still face trial, with one freelance As many as two million people marched in protest in cities across the journalist potentially risking a 75-year sentence.
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