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Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989
Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989 Geremie Barmé1 There should be room for my extremism; I certainly don’t demand of others that they be like me... I’m pessimistic about mankind in general, but my pessimism does not allow for escape. Even though I might be faced with nothing but a series of tragedies, I will still struggle, still show my opposition. This is why I like Nietzsche and dislike Schopenhauer. Liu Xiaobo, November 19882 I FROM 1988 to early 1989, it was a common sentiment in Beijing that China was in crisis. Economic reform was faltering due to the lack of a coherent program of change or a unified approach to reforms among Chinese leaders and ambitious plans to free prices resulted in widespread panic over inflation; the question of political succession to Deng Xiaoping had taken alarming precedence once more as it became clear that Zhao Ziyang was under attack; nepotism was rife within the Party and corporate economy; egregious corruption and inflation added to dissatisfaction with educational policies and the feeling of hopelessness among intellectuals and university students who had profited little from the reforms; and the general state of cultural malaise and social ills combined to create a sense of impending doom. On top of this, the government seemed unwilling or incapable of attempting to find any new solutions to these problems. It enlisted once more the aid of propaganda, empty slogans, and rhetoric to stave off the mounting crisis. University students in Beijing appeared to be particularly heavy casualties of the general malaise. -
The Legacy of Tiananmen: 20 Years of Oppression, Activism and Hope Chrd
THE LEGACY OF TIANANMEN: 20 YEARS OF OPPRESSION, ACTIVISM AND HOPE CHRD Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) Web: Hhttp://crd-net.org/H Email: [email protected] THE LEGACY OF TIANANMEN: 20 YEARS OF OPPRESSION, ACTIVISM AND HOPE Chinese Human Rights Defenders June 1, 2009 Twenty years since the Tiananmen massacre, the Chinese government refuses to accept responsibility, much less apologize or offer compensation, for killing, injuring, imprisoning and persecuting individuals for participating in peaceful protests. The number of the victims, and their names and identities, remain unknown. Families continue to be barred from publicly commemorating and seeking accountability for the death of their loved ones. Activists are persecuted and harassed for independently investigating the crackdown or for calling for a rectification of the government’s verdict on the pro‐democracy movement. Many individuals continue to suffer the consequences of participating in the pro‐democracy movement today. At least eight individuals remain imprisoned in Beijing following unfair trials in which they were convicted of committing “violent crimes”. Those who were released after long sentences have had difficulty re‐integrating into society as they suffer from continued police harassment as well as illnesses and injuries resulting from torture, beatings and mistreatment while in prison. Many of those injured have had to pay for their own medical expenses and continue to struggle as the physical and psychological scars leave them unable to take care of themselves or to work. Some who took part in the protests still find it difficult to make ends meet after they were dismissed from comfortable jobs or expelled from universities after 1989. -
Chin1821.Pdf
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd955 No online items Finding Aid for the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives, 1989-1993 Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections UCLA Library Special Collections staff Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 1821 1 Descriptive Summary Title: China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives Date (inclusive): 1989-1993 Collection number: 1821 Creator: Center for Chinese Studies and the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, UCLA Extent: 22 boxes (11 linear ft.)1 oversize box. Abstract: The present finding aid represents the fruits of a multiyear collaborative effort, undertaken at the initiative of then UCLA Chancellor Charles Young, to collect, collate, classify, and annotate available materials relating to the China Democracy Movement and tiananmen crisis of 1989. These materials---including, inter alia, thousands of documents, transcribed radio broadcasts, local newspaper and journal articles, wall posters, electronic communications, and assorted ephemeral sources, some in Chinese and some in English---provide a wealth of information for scholars, present and future, who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex, swirling forces that surrounded the extraordinary "Beijing Spring" of 1989 and its tragic denouement. The scholarly community is indebted to those who have collected and arranged this archive of materials about the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives. -
Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square
UCLA UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal Title Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz8w3wg Journal UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 10(1) Author Munro, Robin Publication Date 1991 DOI 10.5070/P8101021984 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ROUGH JUSTICE IN BEIJING* Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Robin Munro** 1. INTRODUCTION During late spring and early summer, namely, from mid-April to early June of 1989, a tiny handful of people exploited student unrest to launch a planned, organized and premeditated political turmoil, which later developed into a counterrevolutionary rebel- lion in Beijing, the capital. Their purpose was to overthrow the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and subvert the so- cialist People's Republic of China.... In order to achieve thorough victory, we should mobilize the people completely, strengthen the people's democratic dictator- ship and spare no effort to ferret out the counterrevolutionary rioters. We should uncover instigators and rebellious conspira- tors, punish the organizers and schemers of the unrest and the counterrevolutionary rebellion ...and focus the crackdown on a handful of principal culprits and diehards who refuse to repent.' (Chen Xitong, Mayor of Beijing, on June 30, 1989.) In late 1990, the Chinese government brought formal charges against several dozen of the most prominent leaders of the May- June 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement. Trials held in the first two months of 1991 have resulted in sentences rang- ing from two to thirteen years for students and intellectuals. -
Counter-Revolutionary" Offences
EXTERNAL (for general distribution) AI Index: ASA 17/74/90 Distr: SC/CO/GR ------------------------- Amnesty International International Secretariat 1 Easton Street London WC1X 8DJ United Kingdom December 1990 CHINA--A NEW STAGE IN THE REPRESSION: PROMINENT POLITICAL DETAINEES FACE TRIAL FOR "COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY" OFFENCES Several prominent political detainees were charged in November with "counter-revolutionary" offences after being held without charge for over a year. They are among several dozen political detainees who are expected to be tried soon in Beijing for their role in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. They may face heavy prison sentences after unfair trials behind closed doors. The relatives of some of the prisoners were officially notified of the charges and expect them to go on trial soon. One of the detainees' wife, who made an unprecedented public appeal for her husband's release a few months ago, has expressed her helplessness in these terms: "I feel tiny and weak, as insignificant as a droplet of water in the sea. When I call on behalf of my husband, I hear not a sound in response." Amnesty International believes the prisoners are arbitrarily detained for the peaceful exercise of fundamental human rights and that they are unlikely to receive fair and open trials, in accordance with international standards. The organisation has called on the government to make public the identities of all people now facing trial in relation to the protests, full details of the charges against them, and the dates and places of the hearings. It has also urged the government to ensure that the trials are open to the public and conducted in accordance with international standards for fair trial, and to allow international observers to the trials. -
The Trial of Bao Tong
August 3, 1992 Volume 4, Number 22 THE TRIAL OF BAO TONG Introduction On July 21, in the most important political trial in China in twelve years, a three-judge panel of the Beijing Intermediate People's Court sentenced Bao Tong, a leading reformer and former aide to Zhao Ziyang, to a seven-year prison term. Bao Tong had been taken into custody on May 28, 1989 and held without charge, incommunicado for much of the time, for over three years. The trial took less than six hours. Asia Watch has obtained the verdict, attached as Appendix I. Bao was given four years for "leaking an important state secret"1 and five years with two years' deprivation of political rights for "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement"2 during what the judges called the "serious disturbances" in Beijing in May 1989. In accordance with Article 64 of the Chinese Criminal Code, the total sentence was reduced to seven years minus time in detention, so Bao Tong will be released in 1996. He appealed the verdict, but reversals of court decisions are extraordinarily rare in China. In such a politically sensitive case, it is reasonable to assume the sentence was pre- determined at the highest levels of the Party. Background of Bao Tong At the time of his detention, Bao Tong, 59, was political secretary to the Politburo's Standing Committee and a member of the Party's Central Committee. An adviser to Zhao Ziyang for ten years, first as chief of staff and later as senior aide, Bao is widely credited with being the architect of Zhao's economic and political reforms. -
The 20Th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Protests: Examining the Signifi- Cance of the 1989 Demonstrations in China and Implications for U.S
THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS: EXAMINING THE SIGNIFI- CANCE OF THE 1989 DEMONSTRATIONS IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 4, 2009 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 51–191 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:52 Nov 03, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\51191.TXT DEIDRE VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:52 Nov 03, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\51191.TXT DEIDRE CO N T E N T S Page Opening statement of Hon. Byron Dorgan, Chairman, Congressional-Execu- tive Commission on China ................................................................................... 1 Walz, Hon. Tim, a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, Member, Congres- sional-Executive Commission on China ............................................................. 3 Barrasso, Hon. John, a U.S. Senator from Wyoming, Member, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 4 Smith, Hon. Christopher H., a U.S. Representative from New Jersey, Ranking Member, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ................................ 4 Pitts, Hon. Joseph R., a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania, Member, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ................................................ 6 Wu, Hon. David, a U.S. Representative from Oregon, Member, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ....................................................................... -
China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan on Film
CHINA, HONG KONG AND TAIWAN ON FILM, TELEVISION AND VIDEO IN THE MOTION PICTURE, BROADCASTING AND RECORDED SOUND DIVISION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Compiled by Zoran Sinobad June 2020 Introduction This is an annotated guide to non-fiction moving image materials related to China, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the collections of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division of the Library of Congress. The guide encompasses a wide variety of items from the earliest days of cinema to the present, and focuses on films, TV programs and videos with China as the main subject. It also includes theatrical newsreels (e.g. Fox Movietone News) and TV news magazines (e.g. 60 Minutes) with distinct segments related to the subject. How to Use this Guide Titles are listed in chronological order by date of release or broadcast, and alphabetically within the same year. This enables users to follow the history of the region and for the most part groups together items dealing with the same historical event and/or period (e.g. Sino-Japanese conflict, World War II, Cold War, etc.). Credits given for each entry are as follows: main title, production company, distributor / broadcaster (if different from production company), country of production (if not U.S.), release year / broadcast date, series title (if not TV), and basic personnel listings (director, producer, writer, narrator). The holdings listed are access copies unless otherwise noted. The physical properties given are: number of carriers (reels, tapes, discs, or digital files), video format (VHS, U- matic, DVD, etc.), running time, sound/silent, black & white/color, wide screen process (if applicable, e.g. -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Background: State secrets, national security and political control ................. 1 II. State secrets legislation: open to abuse .................................... 4 2.1. A broad definition of state secrets ............................... 4 2.2. a broad scope of criminal responsibility ............................ 5 2.3. Open secrets ............................................... 6 III. Contravention of international standards .................................. 7 3.1 Legitimate national security interests ............................... 7 3.2 Restrictions must be provided by law .............................. 9 3.3 Restrictions must be necessary ................................... 9 IV. State secrets - a pretext for repression .................................. 10 4.1. Restriction on political debate .................................. 11 4.2. Repression of human rights defenders ............................ 15 4.3. Clampdown on the press ...................................... 16 V. The victims ...................................................... 18 5.1. Prisoners of conscience ...................................... 18 5.2. Possible prisoners of conscience ................................ 30 VI. Conclusion and recommendations ...................................... 32 Appendix 1. List of cases related to state secrets since 1989 ..................... 33 Appendix 2. List of regulations on state secrets and state security ................. 35 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA State Secrets -- a pretext for repression -
China: Defense Statement of Chen Ziming
June 1992 Vol. 4, Issue No.18 CHINA: DEFENSE STATEMENT OF CHEN ZIMING Introduction This document was written by Chen Ziming in his prison cell following the February 12, 1991, announcement of his 13-year sentence for "plotting to overthrow the government" and "counter- revolutionary propaganda and incitement." Chen felt he had not been given sufficient time to defend himself during the court proceedings. Indeed, the trial date was announced a bare week before the one- day hearing, and the sentenced was passed the day after that. The statement was presented to the court as part of Chen's appeal against his conviction, but was also intended to present his side of the story to a wider audience. The original, 40,000 characters in length, was smuggled out of China and abridged versions were published in Chinese in 1991 by the California-based Press Freedom Guardian, a newspaper established by democracy movement activists in 1989, and the Hong Kong paper Ming Pao. This translation is based on the version published in four parts in the Press Freedom Guardian, and contains all the main points of Chen Ziming's defense of his actions. Who has Committed the Real Crime Against History? A Brief Statement in my Defense - Chen Ziming In its initial verdict, the Beijing Intermediate People's Court maintains that I have committed the crimes of plotting to overthrow the government and of counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement. This judgement is mistaken; it makes an improper use of the law, and it seriously violates the procedures for litigation codified in law. -
ELITE CONFLICT in the POST-MAO CHINA (Revised Edition 1983)
OccAsioNAl PApERs/ REpRiNTS SERiEs iN CoNTEMpoRARY • • AsiAN STudiEs - NUMBER 2 - 1983 (55) ELITE CONFLICT IN THE POST-MAO CHINA I • (Revised edition) •• Parris H. Chang School of LAw UNivERSiTy of 0 •• MARylANd~ c::;. ' 0 Occasional Papers/Reprint Series in Contemporary Asian Studies General Editor: Hungdah Chiu Executive Editor: David Salem Managing Editor: Shirley Lay Editorial Advisory Board Professor Robert A. Scalapino, University of California at Berkeley Professor Martin Wilbur, Columbia University Professor Gaston J. Sigur, George Washington University Professor Shao-chuan Leng, University of Virginia Professor Lawrence W. Beer, Lafayette College Professor James Hsiung, New York University Dr. Robert Heuser, Max-Planck-Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law at Heidelberg Dr. Lih-wu Han, Political Science Association of the Republic of China Professor K. P. Misra, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India Professor J. S. Prybyla, The Pennsylvania State University Professor Toshio Sawada, Sophia University, Japan Published with the cooperation of the Maryland International La~ Society All contributions (in English only) and communications should be sent to Professor Hungdah Chiu, University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 USA. All publications in this series reflect only the views of the authors. While the editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published, the individual author is responsible for statements of facts and expressions of opinion contained therein. Subscription is US $10.00 for 6 issues (regardless of the price of individual issues) in the United States and Canada and $12.00 for overseas. Check should be addressed to OPRSCAS and sent to Professor Hungdah Chiu. -
SLAMMING the DOOR on DISSENT Wang Dan===S Trial and the New Aaastate Security@@@ Era
November 1996 Vol. 8, No. 10 (C) CHINA SLAMMING THE DOOR ON DISSENT Wang Dan===s Trial and the New AAAState Security@@@ Era I. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................................2 II. BACKGROUND TO THE CASE .........................................................................................................................2 III. THE STATE=S CASE AGAINST WANG DAN .................................................................................................4 IV. MANUFACTURED QUOTATIONS ..................................................................................................................5 V. DANGEROUS LIAISONS....................................................................................................................................8 VI. CONCLUSIONS: A NEW LOOK FOR CHINA=S LAWS ON DISSENT .........................................................9 VII. APPENDIX I(a): BILL OF INDICTMENT AGAINST WANG DAN.............................................................11 VIII. APPENDIX I(b): APPLICABLE LEGAL STATUTES..................................................................................13 I. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS With its decision to bring Chinese dissident Wang Dan to trial on October 30 on the charge of Aconspiracy to subvert the government,@ the most serious charge in the Chinese criminal code, the Chinese government has signaled its determination to deny freedom of speech and association to any citizen daring publicly to