Mechanisms and Implications of Bone Adipose Tissue-Mineral Relationships
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ICRS Heritage Summit 1
ICRS Heritage Summit 1 20th Anniversary www.cartilage.org of the ICRS ICRS Heritage Summit June 29 – July 01, 2017 Gothia Towers, Gothenburg, Sweden Final Programme & Abstract Book #ICRSSUMMIT www.cartilage.org Picture Copyright: Zürich Tourismus 2 The one-step procedure for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions Aesculap Biologics Facing a New Frontier in Cartilage Repair Visit Anika at Booth #16 Easy and fast to be applied via arthroscopy. Fixation is not required in most cases. The only entirely hyaluronic acid-based scaffold supporting hyaline-like cartilage regeneration Biologic approaches to tissue repair and regeneration represent the future in healthcare worldwide. Available Sizes Aesculap Biologics is leading the way. 2x2 cm Learn more at www.aesculapbiologics.com 5x5 cm NEW SIZE Aesculap Biologics, LLC | 866-229-3002 | www.aesculapusa.com Aesculap Biologics, LLC - a B. Braun company Website: http://hyalofast.anikatherapeutics.com E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +39 (0)49 295 8324 ICRS Heritage Summit 3 The one-step procedure for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions Visit Anika at Booth #16 Easy and fast to be applied via arthroscopy. Fixation is not required in most cases. The only entirely hyaluronic acid-based scaffold supporting hyaline-like cartilage regeneration Available Sizes 2x2 cm 5x5 cm NEW SIZE Website: http://hyalofast.anikatherapeutics.com E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +39 (0)49 295 8324 4 Level 1 Study Proves Efficacy of ACP in -
Marrow Adipose Tissue Spectrum in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
176:1 I M de Araújo and others Marrow adipose tissue in 176:1 21–30 Clinical Study type 2 diabetes Marrow adipose tissue spectrum in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus Iana M de Araújo¹, Carlos E G Salmon², Andressa K Nahas³, Marcello H Nogueira-Barbosa¹, Jorge Elias Jr¹ and Francisco J A de Paula¹ Correspondence 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, 2Department of Physics, Faculty of should be addressed Philosophy, Sciences and Arts of Ribeirao Preto, and 3Department of Epidemiology, School of Public to F J A de Paula Health, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo,, Brazil Email [email protected] Abstract Objective: To assess the association of bone mass and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) with other fat depots, insulin resistance, bone remodeling markers, adipokines and glucose control in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Design and methods: The study groups comprised 24 controls (C), 26 obese (O) and 28 type 2 diabetes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements. 1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess MAT in the L3 vertebra, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess intrahepatic lipids in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Regression analysis models were used to test the association between parameters. Results: At all sites tested, BMD was higher in type 2 diabetes than in O and C subjects. The C group showed lower VAT values than the type 2 diabetes group and lower IHL than the O and type 2 diabetes groups. -
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatments and Available Formulations
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine (2020) 13:264–280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-020-09624-0 STEM CELLS IN ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY (J DRAGOO AND K JONES, SECTION EDITORS) Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatments and Available Formulations Kyle N. Kunze1 & Robert A. Burnett1 & Joshua Wright-Chisem2 & Rachel M. Frank3 & Jorge Chahla1 Published online: 23 April 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Purpose of Review The use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) has gained attention due to its potential to expedite healing and the ease of harvesting; however, clinical evidence is limited, and questions concerning optimal method of delivery and long-term outcomes remain unanswered. Recent Findings Administration of ADSCs in animal models has been reported to aid in improved healing benefits with enhanced repair biomechanics, superior gross histological appearance of injury sites, and higher concentrations of growth factors associated with healing compared to controls. Recently, an increasing body of research has sought to examine the effects of ADSCs in humans. Summary Several available processing techniques and formulations for ADSCs exist with evidence to suggest benefits with the use of ADSCs, but the superiority of any one method is not clear. Evidence from the most recent clinical studies available demonstrates promising outcomes following treatment of select musculoskeletal pathologies with ADSCs despite reporting variability among ADSCs harvesting and processing; these include (1) healing benefits and pain improvement for rotator cuff and Achilles tendinopathies, (2) improvements in pain and function in those with knee and hip osteoarthritis, and (3) improved cartilage regeneration for osteochondral focal defects of the knee and talus. -
CKD: Bone Mineral Metabolism Peter Birks, Nephrology Fellow
CKD: Bone Mineral Metabolism Peter Birks, Nephrology Fellow CKD - KDIGO Definition and Classification of CKD ◦ CKD: abnormalities of kidney structure/function for > 3 months with health implications ≥1 marker of kidney damage: ACR ≥30 mg/g Urine sediment abnormalities Electrolyte and other abnormalities due to tubular disorders Abnormalities detected by histology Structural abnormalities (imaging) History of kidney transplant OR GFR < 60 Parathyroid glands 4 glands behind thyroid in front of neck Parathyroid physiology Parathyroid hormone Normal circumstances PTH: ◦ Increases calcium ◦ Lowers PO4 (the renal excretion outweighs the bone release and gut absorption) ◦ Increases Vitamin D Controlled by feedback ◦ Low Ca and high PO4 increase PTH ◦ High Ca and low PO4 decrease PTH In renal disease: Gets all messed up! Decreased phosphate clearance: High Po4 Low 1,25 OH vitamin D = Low Ca Phosphate binds calcium = Low Ca Low calcium, high phosphate, and low VitD all feedback to cause more PTH release This is referred to as secondary hyperparathyroidism Usually not seen until GFR < 45 Who cares Chronically high PTH ◦ High bone turnover = renal osteodystrophy Osteoporosis/fractures Osteomalacia Osteitis fibrosa cystica High phosphate ◦ Associated with faster progression CKD ◦ Associated with higher mortality Calcium-phosphate precipitation ◦ Soft tissue, blood vessels (eg: coronary arteries) Low 1,25 OH-VitD ◦ Immune status, cardiac health? KDIGO KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Most recent update regarding -
The Challenge of Articular Cartilage Repair
Doctoral Program of Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland THE CHALLENGE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE REPAIR STUDIES ON CARTILAGE REPAIR IN ANIMAL MODELS AND IN CELL CULTURE Eve Salonius ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in lecture room PIII, Porthania, Yliopistonkatu 3, on Friday the 22nd of November, 2019 at 12 o’clock. Helsinki 2019 Supervisors: Professor Ilkka Kiviranta, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinicum Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland Virpi Muhonen, Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinicum Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland Reviewers: Professor Heimo Ylänen, Ph.D. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Tampere University of Technology Finland Adjunct Professor Petri Virolainen, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology University of Turku Finland Opponent: Professor Leif Dahlberg, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedics Lund University Sweden The Faculty of Medicine uses the Urkund system (plagiarism recognition) to examine all doctoral dissertations © Eve Salonius 2019 ISBN 978-951-51-5613-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-5614-3 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2019 ABSTRACT Articular cartilage is highly specialized connective tissue that covers the ends of bones in joints. Damage to articulating joint surface causes pain and loss of joint function. The prevalence of cartilage defects is expected to increase, and if untreated, they may lead to premature osteoarthritis, the world’s leading joint disease. Early intervention may cease this process. The first-line treatment of non-surgical management of articular cartilage defects is physiotherapy and pain medication to alleviate symptoms. -
Adipocytes in Hematopoiesis and Acute Leukemia: Friends, Enemies, Or Innocent Bystanders?
Leukemia (2020) 34:2305–2316 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0886-x REVIEW ARTICLE Molecular targets for therapy Adipocytes in hematopoiesis and acute leukemia: friends, enemies, or innocent bystanders? 1 1 1 Julia Zinngrebe ● Klaus-Michael Debatin ● Pamela Fischer-Posovszky Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 / Published online: 30 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract The bone marrow is home to well-balanced normal hematopoiesis, but also the stage of leukemia’s crime. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique and versatile component of the bone marrow niche. While the importance of MAT for bone health has long been recognized, its complex role in hematopoiesis has only recently gained attention. In this review article we summarize recent conceptual advances in the field of MAT research and how these developments impact our understanding of MAT regulation of hematopoiesis. Elucidating routes of interaction and regulation between MAT and cells of the hematopoietic system are essential to pinpoint vulnerable processes resulting in malignant transformation. The concept of white adipose tissue contributing to cancer development and progression on the cellular, metabolic, and systemic level is 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: generally accepted. The role of MAT in malignant hematopoiesis, however, is controversial. MAT is very sensitive to changes in the patient’s metabolic status hampering a clear definition of its role in different clinical situations. Here, we discuss future directions for leukemia research in the context of metabolism-induced modifications of MAT and other adipose tissues and how this might impact on leukemia cell survival, proliferation, and antileukemic therapy. -
Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Resorption Markers in Postmenopausal HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: a Prospective Cohort Study
nutrients Article Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Resorption Markers in Postmenopausal HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study Christa Ellis 1,*, Herculina S Kruger 1,2 , Michelle Viljoen 3, Joel A Dave 4 and Marlena C Kruger 5 1 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Medical Research Council Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa 3 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; [email protected] 4 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; [email protected] 5 School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 0745, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-83-374-9477 Abstract: The study aimed to determine factors associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption markers over two years in black postmenopausal women living with hu- man immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Women (n = 120) aged > 45 years were recruited from Potchefstroom, South Africa. Total lumbar spine and left femoral neck (LFN) Citation: Ellis, C.; Kruger, H.S.; BMD were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting serum C-Telopeptide of Type I Viljoen, M.; Dave, J.A.; Kruger, M.C. collagen (CTx), vitamin D and parathyroid hormone were measured. Vitamin D insufficiency levels Factors Associated with Bone Mineral increased from 23% at baseline to 39% at follow up. -
Association Between Visceral and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Quality in Sedentary and Physically Active Ovariectomized Wistar Rats
life Article Association between Visceral and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Quality in Sedentary and Physically Active Ovariectomized Wistar Rats Hélder Fonseca 1,2,3,* , Andrea Bezerra 1,2,3, Ana Coelho 1,2,3 and José Alberto Duarte 1,2,3,4 1 Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (J.A.D.) 2 Research Center of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal 3 Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal 4 Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative (CESPU), 4485-116 Gandra Campus, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-220-425-239 Abstract: Background: Obesity is considered protective for bone mass, but this view has been progressively challenged. Menopause is characterized by low bone mass and increased adiposity. Our aim was to determine how visceral and bone marrow adiposity change following ovariectomy (OVX), how they correlate with bone quality and if they are influenced by physical activity. Methods: Five-month-old Wistar rats were OVX or sham-operated and maintained in sedentary or physically active conditions for 9 months. Visceral and bone marrow adiposity as well as bone turnover, femur bone quality and biomechanical properties were assessed. Results: OVX resulted in higher weight, visceral and bone marrow adiposity. Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with femur Ct.Th Citation: Fonseca, H.; Bezerra, A.; (r = −0.63, p < 0.001), BV/TV (r = −0.67, p < 0.001), Tb.N (r = −0.69, p < 0.001) and positively with Coelho, A.; Duarte, J.A. -
Bone Marrow Adipocytes: a Link Between Obesity and Bone Cancer
cancers Review Bone Marrow Adipocytes: A Link between Obesity and Bone Cancer Michaela R. Reagan 1,2,3,*, Heather Fairfield 1,2,3 and Clifford J. Rosen 1,2,3 1 Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, ME 04074, USA; [email protected] (H.F.); [email protected] (C.J.R.) 2 School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA 3 Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-207-396-8196 Simple Summary: This review discusses the important newly-established roles for bone marrow adipose tissue in cancer progression and highlights the research demonstrating great promise for clinically targeting the cells in oncology. Bone marrow adipose tissue expands during aging and in obesity. It primarily comprises bone marrow adipocytes (also known as fat cells) and can also contain other cells, such as pre-adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, other immune cells, and endothelial cells. Bone marrow adipocytes are scattered throughout the hematopoietic or “red” marrow, or are densely packed in the marrow cavity, creating “yellow” marrow. Bone marrow biologists are interrogating many questions to understand the nature of bone marrow adipocytes, including how aging and obesity affect these cells; their origins, functions, and endocrine roles; and whether they can be targeted to treat osteoporosis. In parallel, and often in concert, cancer researchers are delineating the role of bone marrow adipocytes in oncology and their potential translational significance for future therapeutics. Abstract: Cancers that grow in the bone marrow are for most patients scary, painful, and incurable. -
Cellular Processes by Which Osteoblasts and Osteocytes Control Bone Mineral Deposition and Maturation Revealed by Stage-Specific Ephrinb2 Knockdown
Current Osteoporosis Reports (2019) 17:270–280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-019-00524-y SKELETAL BIOLOGY AND REGULATION (M FORWOOD AND A ROBLING, SECTION EDITORS) Cellular Processes by Which Osteoblasts and Osteocytes Control Bone Mineral Deposition and Maturation Revealed by Stage-Specific EphrinB2 Knockdown Martha Blank1 & Natalie A. Sims1 Published online: 10 August 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describ- ing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. Recent Findings Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effects on skeletal strength. Early-stage deletion in osteoblasts leads to osteoblast apoptosis, delayed initiation of mineralization, and increased bone flexibility. Deletion later in the lineage targeted to osteocytes leads to a brittle bone phenotype and increased osteocyte autophagy. In these latter mice, although mineralization is initiated normally, all processes involved in matrix maturation, including mineral accrual, carbonate substitu- tion, and collagen compaction, progress more rapidly. Summary Osteoblasts and osteocytes control the many processes involved in bone mineralization; defining the contributing signaling activities may lead to new ways to understand and treat human skeletal fragilities. Keywords Biomineralization . Mineralization . Bone matrix . Osteocyte . EphrinB2 . Osteoblast Introduction because of changes in mineral structure brought about by in- corporation of fluoride into the apatite structure [1]. This review Bone strength is determined both by its mass and its mechanical will focus on recent advances describing the processes by competence governed by relative collagen and mineral levels in which bone matrix matures and the stages in the osteoblast the bone matrix. -
The Role of Diet in Bone and Mineral Metabolism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
nutrients Review The Role of Diet in Bone and Mineral Metabolism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Matteo Bargagli 1,2,* , Maria Arena 1 , Alessandro Naticchia 1, Giovanni Gambaro 3 , Sandro Mazzaferro 4,5 , Daniel Fuster 6,† and Pietro Manuel Ferraro 1,2,*,† 1 U.O.C. Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (A.N.) 2 Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy 3 U.O.C. Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 5 Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy 6 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (P.M.F.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-7825 (M.B.); +39-06-3015-7819 (P.M.F.); Fax: +39-06-3015-9423 (M.B. & P.M.F.) † Contributed equally to the article. Citation: Bargagli, M.; Arena, M.; Abstract: Bone disorders are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity and Naticchia, A.; Gambaro, G.; gut malabsorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is defined as an appropriate increase Mazzaferro, S.; Fuster, D.; Ferraro, in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, driven by either reduced serum calcium or increased P.M. The Role of Diet in Bone and phosphate concentrations, due to an underlying condition. -
Bone Mineral Density Update Frequently Asked Questions
CLINICAL PRACTICE Bone mineral density Update Frequently asked questions Patrick J Phillips MBBS, MA, FRACP, MRACMA, GradDipHealthEcon, is Senior Director of Endocrinology, How do you interpret a BMD report (Figure 1a) (SD) that the absolute BMD is above or below Osteoporosis Centre, The Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) are the mean value for a healthy, same sex, young Queen Elizabeth Hospital, used to diagnose osteoporosis, assess future fracture adult population (typically 20–35 years when Woodville, South Australia. risk, and monitor treatment. However a busy general peak bone mass occurs) [email protected] practitioner reading a complicated report may find it • Z-score: the number of SDs the absolute BMD is George Phillipov difficult to interpret. This primer addresses frequently above or below the mean value for a healthy, age BSc, MSc, PhD, is Research asked questions about BMD and aims to help GPs and sex matched population. Laboratory Director, Osteoporosis Centre, The extract the key points from BMD reports. Which numbers are important? Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia. How is BMD measured? • Measurement site: Only BMD measurements by dual energy X-ray – spine: normally this value represents the average absorptiometry (DEXA) or quantitative CT radiography of several vertebrae, typically L2–L4 or L1–L4. (QCT) are recognised by the Australian Department of However if spinal degeneration is present, specific Health and Ageing for Medicare reimbursement. Dual vertebrae (if possible) may be excluded energy X-ray absorptiometry, unlike QCT, is a planar – hip: the total hip or femoral neck measurement measurement where bone mineral content (BMC, g) is • Absolute BMD value: allows comparison between estimated and then related to the scanned region area measurements at different times (cm2) to provide the BMD (g/cm2), ie.