Vehicle and Engine Technology Second Edition
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Converting an Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle to an Electric Vehicle
AC 2011-1048: CONVERTING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLE TO AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE Ali Eydgahi, Eastern Michigan University Dr. Eydgahi is an Associate Dean of the College of Technology, Coordinator of PhD in Technology program, and Professor of Engineering Technology at the Eastern Michigan University. Since 1986 and prior to joining Eastern Michigan University, he has been with the State University of New York, Oak- land University, Wayne County Community College, Wayne State University, and University of Maryland Eastern Shore. Dr. Eydgahi has received a number of awards including the Dow outstanding Young Fac- ulty Award from American Society for Engineering Education in 1990, the Silver Medal for outstanding contribution from International Conference on Automation in 1995, UNESCO Short-term Fellowship in 1996, and three faculty merit awards from the State University of New York. He is a senior member of IEEE and SME, and a member of ASEE. He is currently serving as Secretary/Treasurer of the ECE Division of ASEE and has served as a regional and chapter chairman of ASEE, SME, and IEEE, as an ASEE Campus Representative, as a Faculty Advisor for National Society of Black Engineers Chapter, as a Counselor for IEEE Student Branch, and as a session chair and a member of scientific and international committees for many international conferences. Dr. Eydgahi has been an active reviewer for a number of IEEE and ASEE and other reputedly international journals and conferences. He has published more than hundred papers in refereed international and national journals and conference proceedings such as ASEE and IEEE. Mr. Edward Lee Long IV, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore Edward Lee Long IV graduated from he University of Maryland Eastern Shore in 2010, with a Bachelors of Science in Engineering. -
ACEA – E10 Petrol Fuel: Vehicle Compatibility List
List of ACEA member company petrol vehicles compatible with using ‘E10’ petrol 1. Important notes applicable for the complete list hereunder The European Union Fuel Quality Directive (1) introduced a new market petrol specification from 1st January 2011 that may contain up to 10% ethanol by volume (10 %vol). Such petrol is commonly known as ‘E10’. It is up to the individual country of the European Union and fuel marketers to decide if and when to introduce E10 petrol to the market and so far E10 petrol has only been introduced in Finland, France, Germany and Belgium. For vehicles equipped with a spark-ignition (petrol) engine introduced into the EU market, this list indicates their compatibility (or otherwise) with the use of E10 petrol. 2. Note In countries that offer E10 petrol, before you fill your vehicle with petrol please check that your vehicle is compatible with the use of E10 petrol. If, by mistake, you put E10 petrol into a vehicle that is not declared compatible with the use of E10 petrol, it is recommended that you contact your local vehicle dealer, the vehicle manufacturer or roadside assistance provider who may advise that the fuel tank be drained. If it is necessary to drain the fuel from the tank then you should ensure it is done by a competent organisation and the tank is refilled with the correct grade of petrol for your vehicle. Owners experiencing any issues when using E10 petrol are advised to contact their local vehicle dealer or vehicle manufacturer and to use instead 95RON (or 98RON) petrol that might be identified by ‘E5’ (or have no specific additional marking) in those countries that offer E10 petrol. -
Physics 170 - Thermodynamic Lecture 40
Physics 170 - Thermodynamic Lecture 40 ! The second law of thermodynamic 1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy There are several diferent forms of the second law of thermodynamics: ! 1. In a thermal cycle, heat energy cannot be completely transformed into mechanical work. ! 2. It is impossible to construct an operational perpetual-motion machine. ! 3. It’s impossible for any process to have as its sole result the transfer of heat from a cooler to a hotter body ! 4. Heat flows naturally from a hot object to a cold object; heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object. ! ! Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps A heat engine converts heat energy into work. According to the second law of thermodynamics, however, it cannot convert *all* of the heat energy supplied to it into work. Basic heat engine: hot reservoir, cold reservoir, and a machine to convert heat energy into work. Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps 4 Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps This is a simplified diagram of a heat engine, along with its thermal cycle. Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps An important quantity characterizing a heat engine is the net work it does when going through an entire cycle. Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps Thermal efciency of a heat engine: ! ! ! ! ! ! From the first law, it follows: Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps Yet another restatement of the second law of thermodynamics: No cyclic heat engine can convert its heat input completely to work. Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps A thermal pump is the opposite of a heat engine: it transfers heat energy from a cold reservoir to a hot one. -
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline and diesel engine classifications: A gasoline (Petrol) engine or spark ignition (SI) burns gasoline, and the fuel is metered into the intake manifold. Spark plug ignites the fuel. A diesel engine or (compression ignition Cl) bums diesel oil, and the fuel is injected right into the engine combustion chamber. When fuel is injected into the cylinder, it self ignites and bums. Preparation of fuel air mixture (gasoline engine): * High calorific value: (Benzene (Gasoline) 40000 kJ/kg, Diesel 45000 kJ/kg). * Air-fuel ratio: A chemically correct air-fuel ratio is called stoichiometric mixture. It is an ideal ratio of around 14.7:1 (14.7 parts of air to 1 part fuel by weight). Under steady-state engine condition, this ratio of air to fuel would assure that all of the fuel will blend with all of the air and be burned completely. A lean fuel mixture containing a lot of air compared to fuel, will give better fuel economy and fewer exhaust emissions (i.e. 17:1). A rich fuel mixture: with a larger percentage of fuel, improves engine power and cold engine starting (i.e. 8:1). However, it will increase emissions and fuel consumption. * Gasoline density = 737.22 kg/m3, air density (at 20o) = 1.2 kg/m3 The ratio 14.7 : 1 by weight equal to 14.7/1.2 : 1/737.22 = 12.25 : 0.0013564 The ratio is 9,030 : 1 by volume (one liter of gasoline needs 9.03 m3 of air to have complete burning). -
Robosuite: a Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learning
robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learning Yuke Zhu Josiah Wong Ajay Mandlekar Roberto Mart´ın-Mart´ın robosuite.ai Abstract robosuite is a simulation framework for robot learning powered by the MuJoCo physics engine. It offers a modular design for creating robotic tasks as well as a suite of benchmark environments for reproducible re- search. This paper discusses the key system modules and the benchmark environments of our new release robosuite v1.0. 1 Introduction We introduce robosuite, a modular simulation framework and benchmark for robot learning. This framework is powered by the MuJoCo physics engine [15], which performs fast physical simulation of contact dynamics. The overarching goal of this framework is to facilitate research and development of data-driven robotic algorithms and techniques. The development of this framework was initiated from the SURREAL project [3] on distributed reinforcement learning for robot manipulation, and is now part of the broader Advancing Robot In- telligence through Simulated Environments (ARISE) Initiative, with the aim of lowering the barriers of entry for cutting-edge research at the intersection of AI and Robotics. Data-driven algorithms [9], such as reinforcement learning [13,7] and imita- tion learning [12], provide a powerful and generic tool in robotics. These learning arXiv:2009.12293v1 [cs.RO] 25 Sep 2020 paradigms, fueled by new advances in deep learning, have achieved some excit- ing successes in a variety of robot control problems. Nonetheless, the challenges of reproducibility and the limited accessibility of robot hardware have impaired research progress [5]. In recent years, advances in physics-based simulations and graphics have led to a series of simulated platforms and toolkits [1, 14,8,2, 16] that have accelerated scientific progress on robotics and embodied AI. -
Toward Multi-Engine Machine Translation Sergei Nirenburg and Robert Frederlcing Center for Machine Translation Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Toward Multi-Engine Machine Translation Sergei Nirenburg and Robert Frederlcing Center for Machine Translation Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ABSTRACT • a knowledge-based MT (K.BMT) system, the mainline Pangloss Current MT systems, whatever translation method they at present engine[l]; employ, do not reach an optimum output on free text. Our hy- • an example-based MT (EBMT) system (see [2, 3]; the original pothesis for the experiment reported in this paper is that if an MT idea is due to Nagao[4]); and environment can use the best results from a variety of MT systems • a lexical transfer system, fortified with morphological analysis working simultaneously on the same text, the overallquality will im- and synthesis modules and relying on a number of databases prove. Using this novel approach to MT in the latest version of the - a machine-readable dictionary (the Collins Spanish/English), Pangloss MT project, we submit an input text to a battery of machine the lexicons used by the KBMT modules, a large set of user- translation systems (engines), coLlect their (possibly, incomplete) re- generated bilingual glossaries as well as a gazetteer and a List sults in a joint chaR-like data structure and select the overall best of proper and organization names. translation using a set of simple heuristics. This paper describes the simple mechanism we use for combining the findings of the various translation engines. The results (target language words and phrases) were recorded in a chart whose initial edges corresponded to words in the source language input. As a result of the operation of each of the MT 1. -
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology Spark Ignition Petrol: Euro 5 & Beyond - Light Duty V ehicles © Copyright 2016 ABMARC Disclaimer By accepting this report from ABMARC you acknowledge and agree to the terms as set out below. This Disclaimer and denial of Liability will continue and shall apply to all dealings of whatsoever nature conducted between ABMARC and yourselves relevant to this report unless specifically varied in writing. ABMARC has no means of knowing how the report’s recommendations and or information provide d to you will be applied and or used and therefore denies any liability for any losses, damages or otherwise as may be suffered by you as a result of your use of same. Reports, recommendations made or information provided to you by ABMARC are based on ext ensive and careful research of information some of which may be provided by yourselves and or third parties to ABMARC. Information is constantly changing and therefore ABMARC accepts no responsibility to you for its continuing accuracy and or reliability. Our Reports are based on the best available information obtainable at the time but due to circumstances and factors out of our control could change significantly very quickly. Care should be taken by you in ensuring that the report is appropriate for your needs and purposes and ABMARC makes no warranty that it is. You acknowledge and agree that this Disclaimer and Denial of Liability extends to all Employees and or Contractors working for ABMARC. You agree that any rights or remedies available to you pursuant to relevant Legislation shall be limited to the Laws of the State of Victoria and to the extent permitted by law shall be limited to such monies as paid by you for the re levant report, recommendations and or information. -
HCM1A0503 Inductor Data Sheet
Technical Data 10547 Effective August 2016 HCM1A0503 Automotive grade High current power inductors Applications • Body electronics • Central body control module • Vehicle access control system • Headlamps, tail lamps and interior lighting • Heating ventilation and air conditioning controllers (HVAC) • Doors, window lift and seat control • Advanced driver assistance systems • 77 GHz radar system • Basic and smart surround, and rear and front view camera • Adaptive cruise control (ACC) Product features • Automatic parking control • AEC-Q200 Grade 1 qualified • Collision avoidance system/Car black box system • High current carrying capacity • Infotainment and cluster electronics • Magnetically shielded, low EMI • Active noise cancellation (ANC) • Frequency range up to 1 MHz • Audio subsystem: head unit and trunk amp • Inductance range from 0.2 μH to 10 μH • Digital instrument cluster • Current range from 2.3 A to 24 A • In-vehicle infotainment (IVI) and navigation • 5.5 mm x 5.3 mm footprint surface mount package in a 3.0 mm height • Chassis and safety electronics • Alloy powder core material • Airbag control unit • Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1 • Engine and Powertrain Systems • Halogen free, lead free, RoHS compliant • Powertrain control module (PCU)/Engine Control unit (ECU) • Transmission Control Unit (TCU) Environmental Data • Storage temperature range (Component): -55 °C to +155 °C • Operating temperature range: -55 °C to +155 °C (ambient plus self-temperature rise) • Solder reflow temperature: J-STD-020 (latest revision) compliant -
Exploring Design, Technology, and Engineering
Exploring Design, Technology, & Engineering © 2012 Chapter 21: Energy-Conversion Technology—Terms and Definitions active solar system: a system using moving parts to capture and use solar energy. It can be used to provide hot water and heating for homes. anode: the negative side of a battery. cathode: the positive side of a battery. chemical converter: a technology that converts energy in the molecular structure of substances to another energy form. conductor: a material or object permitting an electric current to flow easily. conservation: making better use of the available supplies of any material. electricity: the movement of electrons through materials called conductors. electromagnetic induction: a physical principle causing a flow of electrons (current) when a wire moves through a magnetic field. energy converter: a device that changes one type of energy into a different energy form. external combustion engine: an engine powered by steam outside of the engine chambers. fluid converter: a device that converts moving fluids, such as air and water, to another form of energy. four-cycle engine: a heat engine having a power stroke every fourth revolution of the crankshaft. fuel cell: an energy converter that converts chemicals directly into electrical energy. gas turbine: a type of engine that creates power from high velocity gases leaving the engine. heat engine: an energy converter that converts energy, such as gasoline, into heat, and then converts the energy from the heat into mechanical energy. internal combustion engine: a heat engine that burns fuel inside its cylinders. jet engine: an engine that obtains oxygen for thrust. mechanical converter: a device that converts kinetic energy to another form of energy. -
Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2
Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2 February 15, 2006 . DRAFT Cambridge-MIT Institute Multidisciplinary Design Project This Dictionary/Glossary of Engineering terms has been compiled to compliment the work developed as part of the Multi-disciplinary Design Project (MDP), which is a programme to develop teaching material and kits to aid the running of mechtronics projects in Universities and Schools. The project is being carried out with support from the Cambridge-MIT Institute undergraduate teaching programe. For more information about the project please visit the MDP website at http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk or contact Dr. Peter Long Prof. Alex Slocum Cambridge University Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trumpington Street, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge. Cambridge MA 02139-4307 CB2 1PZ. USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1223 332779 tel: +1 617 253 0012 For information about the CMI initiative please see Cambridge-MIT Institute website :- http://www.cambridge-mit.org CMI CMI, University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10 Miller’s Yard, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Mill Lane, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Cambridge. CB2 1RQ. USA tel: +44 (0) 1223 327207 tel. +1 617 253 7732 fax: +44 (0) 1223 765891 fax. +1 617 258 8539 . DRAFT 2 CMI-MDP Programme 1 Introduction This dictionary/glossary has not been developed as a definative work but as a useful reference book for engi- neering students to search when looking for the meaning of a word/phrase. It has been compiled from a number of existing glossaries together with a number of local additions. -
Bringing Biofuels on the Market
Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Report Delft, July 2013 Author(s): Bettina Kampman (CE Delft) Ruud Verbeek (TNO) Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft) Pim van Mensch (TNO) Harry Croezen (CE Delft) Artur Patuleia (TNO) Publication Data Bibliographical data: Bettina Kampman (CE Delft), Ruud Verbeek (TNO), Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft), Pim van Mensch (TNO), Harry Croezen (CE Delft), Artur Patuleia (TNO) Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Delft, CE Delft, July 2013 Fuels / Renewable / Blends / Increase / Market / Scenarios / Policy / Technical / Measures / Standards FT: Biofuels Publication code: 13.4567.46 CE Delft publications are available from www.cedelft.eu Commissioned by: The European Commission, DG Energy. Further information on this study can be obtained from the contact person, Bettina Kampman. Disclaimer: This study Bringing biofuels on the market. Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits was produced for the European Commission by the consortium of CE Delft and TNO. The views represented in the report are those of its authors and do not represent the views or official position of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. © copyright, CE Delft, Delft CE Delft Committed to the Environment CE Delft is an independent research and consultancy organisation specialised in developing structural and innovative solutions to environmental problems. CE Delft’s solutions are characterised in being politically feasible, technologically sound, economically prudent and socially equitable. -
A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016 A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System Vijayeshwar.B.V P.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT: This paper presents a concept of technique for delivery of heavy fuel oil (diesel fuel) in vapour form (gaseous state) to SI engine manifold and process of combustion of heavy fuel oil mixture (vapour and air) in light weight spark-ignition engines. If the diesel fuel is delivered to SI engine combustion chamber in vapour form (diesel fumes) through a technique of vaporization of diesel fuel and mixing of air-fuel, complete combustion of air-fuel mixture can be achieved, more improved mileage can be obtained with less emissions without compromising with engine performance aspects which is the must required criteria for any automobile. Here the principle used in vaporization of diesel is a hot air vaporization technique, where hot air is supplied at the bottom diesel sub tank/ vaporizing container as a result of which these air bubbles extract the diesel vapours forming diesel fumes from liquid diesel and these diesel vapours when delivered to engine with appropriate mixing with air and when undergoes combustion gives the above expected results. KEYWORDS: diesel fuel vapours, fuel vaporizer, air-fuel mixture, vapour combustion, reduced emission. I. INTRODUCTION The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine) is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber is initiated by the high temperature which a gas achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression).