DOCSLIB.ORG

Chromium Contamination Associated with Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) in the Area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chromium Contamination Associated with Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) in the Area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Chromium contamination associated with Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) in the area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India I n a u g u r a l - D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln vorgelegt von Katrin Matern aus Bonn Köln 2017 Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Tim Mansfeldt Prof. Dr. Georg Bareth Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13. April 2016 Summary I Summary Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a hazardous waste derived from the chromate 2– (CrO4 ) extraction roasting process. It is a major source of environmental contamination as it contains high amounts of chromium (Cr) in both the trivalent [Cr(III)] and the hexavalent [Cr(VI)] valence states. While Cr(III) is known to be an essential micronutrient for mammals, Cr(VI) is considered to be carcinogenic and causes allergic contact dermatitis. Despite its (eco)toxico- logical potential, COPR has been dumped in uncontrolled surface landfills in several countries. The leaching of Cr(VI), resulting in the contamination of groundwater, is a key environmental risk arising from these CORR dumps. Since the contamination pathways of Cr(VI) are not fully understood, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the Cr contamination associated with COPR in the area of Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh, India). To investigate these issues, COPR samples were taken from two landfill sites in the area of Kanpur and characterized in terms of their chemical and mineralogical nature. The total Cr content in the studied COPR samples amounted to 81 and 74 g kg–1, 20 and 13% of which was Cr(VI) respectively. In addition to the common mineral phases present in COPR, previ- ously reported in other studies, a further Cr host mineral, grimaldiite [CrO(OH)], was identified by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Further, the COPR contained easily soluble phases such as sodium chromate (Na2CrO4). To determine the Cr(VI) leaching behavior of COPR, column experiments under water-saturated conditions were conducted. The results indicated that Cr(VI) concentrations in the leachates were dominated by the disso- lution of Na2CrO4, as well as mineral solubility control of the Cr(VI) hosting minerals CAC-14 (Ca4Al2O6(CrO4)·14H2O) and Katoite ((CaO)3Al2O3(H2O)6). During leaching, Cr(VI) concentra- tions decreased from 1800 to 300 and 1200 to 163 mg L–1 during 12 pore volumes, which conforms to two years of monsoon precipitation. Furthermore, the release of Cr(VI) was par- 2– tially rate-limited, which was identified by flow interruptions. Batch studies showed that CrO4 adsorption from COPR eluates was inhibited due to the high pH of the eluates and the inves- 2– tigated soils. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the COPR eluates diminished CrO4 adsorption due to their high ionic strength and carbonate concentration as a competitive anion. The Cr(VI) release from a COPR-contaminated soil at varying water content and redox condi- tions was studied using column experiments. Since Cr(VI) was present in high concentrations 2− at the beginning of the experiment, the redox potential was controlled by CrO4 /Cr2O3(s) or 2− CrO4 /(Fe,Cr)OOH redox couples. The results indicated that Cr(VI) was highly mobile under oxidizing conditions and Cr was gradually immobilized and irreversibly sequestered via reduc- tive precipitation under moderately reducing conditions. To evaluate the role of monsoon pre- cipitation on Cr(VI) contamination of groundwater in the vicinity of COPR dumps, samples were taken both in the pre-monsoon season (n = 57) and during the monsoon season (n = 70). The Summary II Cr(VI) concentrations of groundwater ranged from <0.005 to 115 mg L–1, with the maximum values found close to the COPR dumpsites. Additionally, the results showed that most samples exhibited multiple non-COPR contaminates including fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, molybdenum, and uranium. Overall, the water from 95% of the wells was not drinkable. However, monsoon precipitation was not found to have a significant effect on Cr(VI) concentration and spatial dis- tribution. This study has shown that the area of Kanpur is highly affected by COPR dumps that continu- ously leach Cr(VI) in high concentrations. Hexavalent Cr is not adsorbed by the soils in the surroundings, which is reflected in the elevated Cr(VI) concentrations in the groundwater around the dumpsites. This is particularly alarming since the local population uses the ground- water not only to water livestock and for irrigation but also as drinking water. The use of per- meable reactive barriers (either as a stand-alone remediation process or in conjunction with the capping of the COPR dumpsites) is a cost effective and practical solution to counteract the negative effects of Cr(VI) pollution. Furthermore, Cr-mitigation at the household level should be provided. Zusammenfassung III Zusammenfassung Chromerzverarbeitungsrückstände, die im Englischen als Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) bezeichnet werden, sind umweltgefährliche Abfälle, die aus dem Röstungsprozess 2– zur Chromat (CrO4 ) Extraktion stammen. Sie sind eine bedeutende Quelle für Umweltver- schmutzungen, da sie große Mengen an Chrom (Cr), sowohl im drei- [Cr(III)] als auch im sech- wertigen [Cr(VI)] Valenzzustand enthalten. Obwohl Cr(III) bekanntlich ein Mikronährelement für Säugetiere darstellt, wird Cr(VI) als karzinogen eingestuft und verursacht allergische Kon- taktekzeme. In einigen Ländern wurden COPR aber trotz ihres (öko)toxikologischen Gefähr- dungspotentials in unkontrollierten Oberflächenhalden abgelagert. Eine große Gefahr, die von den COPR-Halden ausgeht, ist die Auswaschung von Cr(VI) und die damit verbundene Kon- tamination des Grundwassers. Da die Pfade der Cr(VI) Kontamination nicht vollständig geklärt sind, war das Ziel dieser Dissertation daher die Cr-Kontamination in Verbindung mit COPR in dem Gebiet um Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh, Indien) zu beurteilen. Um diesen Sachverhalt zu untersuchen, wurden COPR Proben von zwei Halden in der Region von Kanpur genommen und im Hinblick auf ihre chemische und mineralogische Zusammen- setzung hin untersucht. Der Gesamtchromgehalt betrug 81 und 74 g kg–1, wovon 20 bzw. 13% als Cr(VI) vorlagen. Abgesehen von den gängigen Mineralphasen, die in den COPR in anderen Studien benannt wurden, konnte ein weiteres Mineral, Grimaldiit [CrO(OH)], mittels Röntgen- beugung und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie identifiziert werden. Des Weiteren enthielten die COPR leicht lösliche Phasen wie Natriumchromat (Na2CrO4). Um das Auslaugverhalten von Cr(VI) in COPR zu untersuchen, wurden Säulenversuche bei gesättigtem Fluss durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Auflösung von Na2CrO4, sowie die Löslich- keitskontrolle von den Cr(VI) enthaltenden Mineralphasen CAC-14 (Ca4Al2O6(CrO4)·14H2O) und Katoite ((CaO)3Al2O3(H2O)6) für die Cr(VI) Konzentration in dem Sickerwasser verantwort- lich waren. Während der Auslaugung, verringerten sich die Cr(VI) Konzentrationen von 1800 auf 300 mg L–1 und 1200 auf 163 mg L–1 innerhalb von 12 Porenvolumen, was zwei Jahren Monsunniederschlag entspricht. Flussunterbrechungen ergaben, dass die Freisetzung von Cr(VI) teilweise ratenlimitiert war. Schüttelexperimente zeigten, dass die Adsorption von 2– CrO4 in den COPR-Eluaten aufgrund der hohen pH-Werte von Böden und Eluaten gehemmt war. Außerdem führte die chemische Zusammensetzung der COPR-Eluate aufgrund ihrer ho- hen Leitfähigkeit und Anzahl an konkurrierenden Anionen (v.a. Carbonationen) zu einer ver- ringerten Adsorption. Die Freisetzung von Cr(VI) in einem COPR-kontaminierten Boden wurde in Abhängigkeit variierender Wassergehalte und Redoxpotenziale in Säulenexperimenten un- tersucht. Durch die hohe Cr(VI) Konzentration zu Beginn des Experimentes, wurde das Re- 2− 2− doxpotenzial durch die Redoxpaare CrO4 /Cr2O3(s) oder CrO4 /(Fe,Cr)OOH kontrolliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten auch, dass Cr(VI) unter oxidierenden Bedingungen sehr mobil war, unter Zusammenfassung IV moderat reduzierenden Bedingungen schrittweise immobilisiert und irreversibel durch reduk- tive Fällung abgesondert wurde. Um die Abhängigkeit von Monsunniederschlägen auf die Cr(VI) Kontamination im Grundwasser in der Umgebung der COPR-Halden zu untersuchen, wurden Proben vor Monsunbeginn (n = 57) und während des Monsuns (n = 70) genommen. Die Cr(VI)-Konzentrationen reichten von <0.005 bis 115 mg L–1 und erreichten Maximalwerten in der Nähe der COPR-Halden. Zusätzlich ergaben die Ergebnisse, dass die meisten Proben mehrfach mit Fluorid, Nitrat, Arsen, Molybdän und Uran kontaminiert waren, was allerdings nicht in den Zusammenhang mit den COPR Halden gebracht werden konnte. Insgesamt war das Wasser von 95% der Brunnen nicht trinkbar. Allerdings konnte kein Zusammenhang zwi- schen Monsunniederschlägen und der räumlichen Verteilung der Cr(VI) Konzentration im Grundwasser festgestellt werden. Die Studie hat gezeigt, dass die Gegend um Kanpur durch die COPR-Halden, aus denen kon- tinuierlich Cr(VI) ausgewaschen wird, sehr beeinträchtigt ist. Das sechswertige Cr wird in den umgebenden Böden kaum gebunden, was sich in erhöhten Cr(VI) Grundwasserkonzentratio- nen widerspiegelt. Das ist besonders bedenklich, da die ansässige Bevölkerung das Grund- wasser nicht nur für die Tränkung der Tiere und für die Bewässerung der Ackerflächen benö- tigt, sondern auch als Trinkwasser nutzt. Die Verwendung einer permeablen reaktiven Barriere (entweder alleine oder in Kombination mit der Überdachung der COPR Halden) bietet eine kostengünstige
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian Minerals Yearbook 2018
    STATE REVIEWS Indian Minerals Yearbook 2018 (Part- I) 57th Edition STATE REVIEWS (Uttar Pradesh) (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in November, 2019 11-1 STATE REVIEWS UTTAR PRADESH phosphate in Lalitpur district (Table -1). The reserves/resources of coal along with details of Mineral Resources coalfield are provided in Table-2. The State is the principal holder of country's Exploration & Development andalusite & diaspore resources and possesses 78% During 2017-18, the Sate DGM and GSI had andalusite, 37% diaspore, 17% sillimanite and 10% conducted exploration activities. GSI carried out pyrophyllite. Important minerals occurring in the exploration for iron ore, rare-earth element (REE), State are: coal in Singrauli coalfields, Sonbhadra gold, rock phosphate & andalusite etc. in Sonbhadra, district; and diaspore & pyrophyllite in Hamirpur, Jhansi & Hamirpur districts. The details of Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba districts. Naini area of exploration carried out by GSI and DGM in the State Allahabad district contains high quality silica sand, are furnished in Table-3. an important source of glass sand, containing 98% Production SiO2 and a very low Fe2O3 is found in Shankargarh, Coal, limestone and sulphur were the mineral Lohargarh in Allahabad district and also Bargarh in items produced in Uttar Pradesh during 2017-18. Banda district. Silica sand is also found in Aligarh and Chitrakoot districts. The value of minor minerals production was es- timated at ` 5,614 crore for the year 2017-18.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Ph.D. Awarded
    Geography Dept. B.H.U.: List of PhD awarded, 1958-2013 1 Updated: 19 August 2013: The 67th Geography Foundation Day B.H.U. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005. INDIA Department of Geography Doctoral Dissertation, Ph.D., in Geography: 1958 – 2013. No. Name of Scholar Title of the Doctoral Dissertation Awarded, & pub. year 1 2 3 4 1. Supervisor : Prof. Ram Lochan Singh (1946-1977) (late) 1. Shanti Lal Kayastha Himalayan Beas-Basin : A Study in Habitat, Economy 1958 and Society Pub. 1964 2. Radhika Narayan Ground Water Hydrology of Meerut District, U.P 1960 Mathur (earlier worked under Prof. Raj Nath, Geology Dept.) Pub. 1969 3. M. N. Nigam Urban Geography of Lucknow : (Submitted at Agra 1960 University) 4. S. L. Duggal Land Utilization Pattern in Moradabad District 1962 (submitted at Punjab University) 5. Vijay Ram Singh Land Utilization in the Neighbourhood of Mirzapur, U.P. 1962 Pub. 1970 6. Jagdish Singh Transport Geography of South Bihar 1962 Pub. 1964 7. Baccha Prasad Rao Vishakhapatanam : A Study in Geography of Port Town 1962 Pub. 1971 8. (Ms) Surinder Pannu Agro-Industrial Relationship in Saryupar Plain of U.P. 1962 9. Kashi N. Singh Rural Markets and Rurban Centres in Eastern U.P. 1963 10. Basant Singh Land Utilization in Chakia Tahsil, Varanasi 1963 11. Ram Briksha Singh Geography of Transport in U.P. 1963 Pub. 1966 12. S. P. Singh Bhagalpur : A Study in Regional Geography 1964 13. N. D. Bhattacharya Murshidabad : A Study in Settlement Geography 1965 14. Attur Ramesh TamiInadu Deccan: A Study. in Urban Geography 1965 15.
    [Show full text]
  • ANALYSIS of FOLDS from the CGGC ROCKS in SONBHADRA DISTRICT UTTAR PRADESH and THEIR TECTONIC and GEOMORPHIC IMPLICATIONS Vaibhava Srivastava and H
    1 Journal of Scientific Research Vol. 56, 2012 : 1-18 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ISSN : 0447-9483 ANALYSIS OF FOLDS FROM THE CGGC ROCKS IN SONBHADRA DISTRICT UTTAR PRADESH AND THEIR TECTONIC AND GEOMORPHIC IMPLICATIONS Vaibhava Srivastava and H. B. Srivastava Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Geology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005 Abstract The Precambrian rocks exposed in the southern part of Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh rocks form a part of Chhotanagpur plateau of the central part of India. Geologically it belongs to the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC) which has witnessed multiple tectonic deformations. From the analysis of the folds of this region four deformation phases have been identified for the CGGC rocks. The characteristic fold interference of dome and basin type has rendered the present day topography of the Chhotanagpur plateau which is different from nearby plateaux on other Precambrian rocks in central India. Introduction The structural features are the manifestations of the deforming forces that have acted on the rock bodies since their formation. Each rock type possesses different mechanical and physical properties which vary with conditions under which it deforms. Therefore, diverse varieties of structures are displayed by the rocks which constitute the earth's crust. The systematic study of these structures i.e. the structural analysis reveals the deformational histories of the rock bodies in different parts of the crust. Folds are those structures which develop during the ductile deformation of the layered rocks in response to the tectonic forces. Therefore the systematic studies and analysis can reveals many aspects of the tectonic events that the rocks has undergone.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonbhadra District, U.P
    GROUNDWATER BROUCHER OF SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P. ( A.A.P:2012-13) By Dr.H.K.Pandey, Scientist C CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No SONBHADRA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 03 1.0 INTRODUCTION 05 2.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY 05 3.0 GEOLOGY 06 3.1 Sub-surface Geology 4.0 HYDROMETROLOGY 06 5.0 HYDROGEOLOGY 07 6.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITION 07 7.0 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES 08 8.0 GROUNDWATER QUALITY 09 8.1 Quality of Shallow Groundwater 8.2 Quality of Deeper Aquifer 9.0 GROUNDWATER PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED 9.1 Waterlogged/Water table depleted area 9.2 Salinity Prone/Affected area 9.3 Artificial Recharge area 10.0 CONCLUSIONS&RECOMMENDATIONS 10 PLATE: 1.0 INDEX MAP OF PRATAPGARH DISTRICT, U.P. 2.0 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL PRE-MONSOON 2011, SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P. 3.0 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL POST-MONSOON 2011, SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P. 4.0 HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P. 5.0 GROUNDWATER RESOURCE AND DRAFT OF SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P. SONBHADRA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE GENERAL INFORMATION District : Sonbhadra Geographical Area ( Sq Km) : 6788 Sub Division a) Number of Tehsil :04 b) Number of Block :08 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA Normal Rainfall (mm) : 997.40 Mean Maximum temperature 44.0C Mean Minimum temperature 5.20C Average R. Humidity 56% No of Rainy Days 58 Wind Speed Maximum 4.5Km/hr LNAD USE (Ha) Total area : 361595 Total Forest area : 569 Barren Land : 7661 Present Fallow Land : 55023 Pasture : 682 Garden : 15900 IRRIGATION Net Cultivated Area : 313865 Net Irrigated Area :112477 By Canal : 67434 Groundwater :39250 Others : 238 HYDRAULIC STRUCTUES Dugwells : 4867 Shallow tubewells : 2488 Deep Tubewells : 434 Exploratory Tubewells of CGWB : 14 GROUNWATER RESOURCE POTENTIAL ( as on 31.03.09) Net Groundwater Availability : 101946 Gross Groundwater Draft : 23184.88 Balance Groundwater Available ( Ham) : 78761.12 Stage of Groundwater Development : No of Critical Blocks : None No of Semi critical Blocks : 02 GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF SONBHADRA DISTRICT, U.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonbhadra 20-17.Pdf
    National Health Mission A REPORT ON MONITORING OF IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF NHM PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IN SONBHADRA DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA RUBY A SINGH NIRANJAN ROUT POPULATION RESEARCH CENTRE, INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DELHI 110007 DECEMBER 2017 NHM Uttar Pradesh PIP 2016-17: M&E Report Sonbhadra District PRC-IEG, Delhi CONTENTS PAGE NO. TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ I LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ II LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... III ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Mosses (Bryophyta) of Gangetic Plains, India
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23(2): 97-106, 2016 (December) © 2016 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists CHECKLIST OF MOSSES (BRYOPHYTA) OF GANGETIC PLAINS, INDIA 1 2 3 KRISHNA KUMAR RAWAT , AFROZ ALAM AND PRAVEEN KUMAR VERMA CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India Keywords: Bryophyta; Gangetic plains; Uttar Pradesh; Bihar; West Bengal Abstract An updated account of 79 taxa of mosses of Gangetic plains, representing 40 genera and 19 families, is provided. The family Pottiaceae with 17 taxa belonging to 9 genera appears most dominant and diversified family in the area while at generic level, the genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) with 19 species shows maximum diversity, followed by Hyophila and Physcomitrium each with five species. Introduction In our earlier publications, boundaries of ‘Central Indian bryo-geographical zone’ and ‘Panjab and Rajasthan plains bryo-geographic zone’ were proposed along with a checklist of mosses in these areas (Alam et al., 2015; Rawat et al., 2015). In present paper the boundaries of ‘Gangetic plains bryo-geographic zone’ is redefined for ease in distributional analysis, and provided updated checklist of mosses recorded from here. Materials and Methods The present compilation is based on the all available literature on mosses of Gangetic plains till date and gets its foundation from extra-ordinary work of Gangulee (1969-72; 1972-76; 1976- 78), who has provided the most elaborative, informative and reliable data of moss diversity of India. In enumeration, the taxa reported earlier without specific epithet, have been excluded. The summary of various families and genera is followed by alphabetical list of taxa. The accepted names are cited in bold.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold Deposits in Sonbhadra
    Gold Deposits in Sonbhadra drishtiias.com/printpdf/gold-deposits-in-sonbhadra Why in News The Geological Survey of India has rejected the UP government's Department of Geology and Mining claims of discovering about 3,000 tonnes of gold deposits in Uttar Pradesh’s Sonbhadra district, saying the actual estimated reserve stands at 160 kg. Gold: Science Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: Aurum) and atomic number 79. Some of the unique properties of gold are: Conducts electricity. Resistant to corrosion. Exceptionally malleable and ductile. Catalytic properties. Biocompatible. Nanogold. Gold: Currency Owing to its unique qualities, gold has been the one material that is universally accepted in exchange for goods and services. Gold began to serve as backing for paper-currency systems when they became widespread in the 19th century and from the 1870s until World War I, the gold standard was the basis for the world’s currencies. Although gold’s official role in the international monetary system had come to an end by the 1970s, the metal remains a highly regarded reserve asset and approximately 45% of all the world’s gold is held by governments and central banks for this purpose. Gold is still accepted by all nations as a medium of international payment. 1/3 India’s Forex Reserve also includes Gold along with Foreign Currency Assets (such as dollar) and Special Drawing Rights. Why Gold There are five precious metals which can potentially be worked with: platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver and gold. Silver has been used as money but it tarnishes over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury Pollution in Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh and Its Health Impacts
    CSE Study: Mercury Pollution in Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh and its Health Impacts Mercury Pollution in Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh and its Health Impacts INVESTIGATORS Mr. Ramakant Sahu Ms. Poornima Saxena Dr. Sapna Johnson Ms. Soundaram Ramanathan Ms. Sugandh Juneja ADVISORS Prof. (Dr.) H. B. Mathur Prof. (Dr.) H. C. Agarwal October 2012 CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT 41, TUGHLAKABAD INSTITUTIONAL AREA, NEW DELHI –110062 TEL: 91-11-2995 6110/5124/6394/6399 FAX: 91-11-2995 5879 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.cseindia.org POLLUTION MONITORING LABORATORY CORE-6A, FOURTH FLOOR, INDIA HABITAT CENTRE LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI – 110003 1 CSE Study: Mercury Pollution in Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh and its Health Impacts CONTENTS 1. Pollution Monitoring Laboratory of CSE 3 2. The Study 3 3. Introduction 4 4. Review of Literature 10 5. Health Effects 16 6. Objectives of the Study 19 7. Materials and Methods 19 8. Results and Discussion 26 9. Conclusions 36 10. Recommendations 38 11. Annexures 46-47 Annexure 1: Village Wise Distribution of Mercury in Human Blood, Hair and Nail in Singrauli Annexure 2: Concentration of Mercury in Human Blood, Hair and Nail in Singrauli on Gender basis 2 CSE Study: Mercury Pollution in Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh and its Health Impacts 1. POLLUTION MONITORING LABORATORY OF CSE The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization based in New Delhi, has set up the Pollution Monitoring Laboratory (PML) to monitor environmental pollution. PML is an ISO 9001:2008 certified laboratory accredited by SWISO, CH-5610, Wohlen, Switzerland, conducting Pollution Monitoring and Scientific Studies on Environmental Samples.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 28 UTTAR PRADESH.Pmd
    STATE REVIEWS Indian Minerals Yearbook 2012 (Part- I) 51st Edition STATE REVIEWS (Uttar Pradesh) (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in May, 2014 11-1 STATE REVIEWS UTTAR PRADESH Exploration & Development GSI carried out exploration for gold in Chakariy Charka area, District Sonbhadra. ONGC Mineral Resources pursued their seismic survey and drilling for The State is the principal holder of country's exploration for petroleum & natural gas. In andalusite & diaspore resources and is said to 2011-12, ONGC covered 20.21 sq km area for 3D geophysical data and 363.26 for 2D (GLK/LK) possess 78% andalusite, 37% diaspore and 10% data. Details of exploration for gold and other pyrophyllite. Important minerals occurring in minerals are furnished in Table-3. the State are coal in Singrauli coalfields, Sonbhadra district; and diaspore & pyrophyllite in Hamirpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba Production The value of mineral production in Uttar districts. Naini area of Allahabad district contains Pradesh at L 6,693 crore in 2011-12 increased high quality silica sand, an important source of 40% as compared to previous year. Coal alone glass sand, containing 98% SiO and a very low 2 accounted for 51% of the total value of mineral Fe2O3. It is found in Shankargarh, Lohargarh in production in the State. Uttar Pradesh was the Allahabad district and also Bargarh in Banda second leading producer of diaspore and district.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Information of Urban Local Bodies – Uttar Pradesh
    BASIC INFORMATION OF URBAN LOCAL BODIES – UTTAR PRADESH As per 2006 As per 2001 Census Election Name of S. Growth Municipality/ Area No. of No. Class House- Total Rate Sex No. of Corporation (Sq. Male Female SC ST (SC+ ST) Women Rate Rate hold Population (1991- Ratio Wards km.) Density Membe rs 2001) Literacy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I Saharanpur Division 1 Saharanpur District 1 Saharanpur (NPP) I 25.75 76430 455754 241508 214246 39491 13 39504 21.55 176 99 887 72.31 55 20 2 Deoband (NPP) II 7.90 12174 81641 45511 36130 3515 - 3515 23.31 10334 794 65.20 25 10 3 Gangoh (NPP) II 6.00 7149 53913 29785 24128 3157 - 3157 30.86 8986 810 47.47 25 9 4 Nakur (NPP) III 17.98 3084 20715 10865 9850 2866 - 2866 36.44 1152 907 64.89 25 9 5 Sarsawan (NPP) IV 19.04 2772 16801 9016 7785 2854 26 2880 35.67 882 863 74.91 25 10 6 Rampur Maniharan (NP) III 1.52 3444 24844 13258 11586 5280 - 5280 17.28 16563 874 63.49 15 5 7 Ambehta (NP) IV 1.00 1739 13130 6920 6210 1377 - 1377 27.51 13130 897 51.11 12 4 8 Titron (NP) IV 0.98 1392 10501 5618 4883 2202 - 2202 30.53 10715 869 54.55 11 4 9 Nanauta (NP) IV 4.00 2503 16972 8970 8002 965 - 965 30.62 4243 892 60.68 13 5 10 Behat (NP) IV 1.56 2425 17162 9190 7972 1656 - 1656 17.80 11001 867 60.51 13 5 11 Chilkana Sultanpur (NP) IV 0.37 2380 16115 8615 7500 2237 - 2237 27.42 43554 871 51.74 13 5 86.1 115492 727548 389256 338292 65600 39 65639 23.38 8451 869 67.69 232 28 2 Muzaffarnagar District 12 Muzaffarnagar (NPP) I 12.05 50133 316729 167397 149332 22217 41 22258 27.19 2533 892 72.29 45 16 13 Shamli
    [Show full text]
  • 7170R0qiq03z.Pdf
    Tentative COP Examination Center List Odd Sem 2016-17 Centr Center College Examination Examination Centre College Name Cousre Code Code code City FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY , Agra College 001 002 B. Tech. M.Tech Agra , Agra Agra Public Institute Of Technology & Computer Education(Deptt. B. Pharm., 001 006 Agra Of Pharmacy), Agra M.Pharm 001 781 Hardayal Tech Campus, Mathura B. Tech. MBA Agra 001 243 College Of Pharmacy Agra, Agra B. Pharm. Agra 001 617 Uttam Institute Of Management Studies, Agra MBA Agra 001 659 Heritage Institute Of Hotel & Tourism, Agra BHMCT Agra 001 822 Ishan College of Management, Mathura MBA Agra 001 337 R.B. Institute of Technology, Agra B. Tech., MBA Agra 001 460 Anupama College Of Engineering, Agra B. Tech. Agra RAJA BALWANT SINGH ENGINEERING TECHNICAL B. Tech., B. 001 Anand Engineering College, Agra 001 004 Agra CAMPUS, BICHPURI, AGRA Pharm., M.Tech 001 489 Dr. Z.H. Institute Of Technology & Management, Agra B. Tech. Agra 001 781 Hardayal Tech Campus, Mathura B.Arch Agra RAJA BALWANT SINGH ENGINEERING TECHNICAL 001 004 B.Arch. Agra CAMPUS, BICHPURI, AGRA 001 278 Aryan Institute Of Management And Computer Studies, Agra MBA Agra RAJA BALWANT SINGH MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL MBA, MCA, 001 005 Agra CAMPUS, AGRA MCADD, MAM 001 338 K. P. Engineering College, Agra B. Tech., MBA Agra 001 436 K. P. College Of Management, Agra MBA Agra Dr. Om Prakash Institute of Technology & Management, 001 759 MBA Farrukhabad Farrukhabad B. Tech., MBA, 004 001 Anand Engineering College, Agra Agra MCA, M.Tech B. Tech., MBA, 004 448 Neelam College Of Engineering & Technology, Agra Agra M.Tech 004 798 Anand College of Architecture, Agra B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Kinship System of Baiga Tribe of Sonbhadra District of (U.P.)
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 5, Ver. 5 (May. 2018) PP 12-18 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org A Study on Kinship System of Baiga Tribe of Sonbhadra District of (U.P.) Momina Bano, Dr. (Ms) Alam Ara, Prof. (Dr.) Jahanara M.A. Student, Department of Anthropology SHUATS (Allahabad) Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology SHUATS (Allahabad) Professor &Head, Department of Anthropology SHUATS (Allahabad) Corresponding Auther: Momina Bano Abstract -: Kinship is defined as the connection or relationship between persons by blood or marriage. If the kinship is related by blood it is called consaguinial kinship. For example, father son relationship will be called consaguinial kinship relation. Similarly when the kinship are related by marriage or by affinal relationship, the kinship relation is called affinal relationship. All societies recognise these kinship relation with certain limitation. In primitive societies, kinship relation are broad based and hence it is called broad range kinship. Again cognates are persons descended from the same ancestors or ancestress. Then the cognates may be traced in male line, They are referred to as agnates and their relationship as patrilineal kinship or agnatic kinship. If cognates are traced in male line, they are referred to as uterine kinship and their relationship is known as matrilineal kinship.The kinship system of the Baiga is of the usual classificatory. There are uncle and aunts in the society. They have joking and avoidance relationship with each other. Baiga is a tribe found in Uttar Pradesh and population 250,000, Uttar Pradesh, (Sonbhadra), Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand state of India.
    [Show full text]