1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Research Background Film Or
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background
Film or movie is one of entertainments that many people mostly like. Movies
are usually broadcasted through television, internet, cinema, and in the form VCD or
DVD as a popular form of entertainment for parents, teenagers and kids. Along its
development, movies do not only serve as entertainment; movies are usually used as
an education medium for children. Especially English movies now are available in
many countries around the world. The English movies help children to motivate and
increase their vocabulary and ability in speaking English. Film also teaches them how
to use proper word in the right context.
Therefore, the translator especially film translator has role to provide people
need in understanding film content. Translation basically is the process of transferring
messages from a source language to a target language, in the form of speech or
writing and oral. In the process, the translator also shifts the culture. Generally,
translation is in the form of written or printed text, such translation for book, novel or
document. But film’s or movie’s translation is different; it is called subtitling or
dubbing.
Within the existence of subtitle and dubbing, both of them are translation
terms for translating language in audio visual communication media forms such as in
a film, or television’s program. According to Karamitroglou, subtitle can be defined
as the translation of the spoken (written)commit tosource user text of film product into a written
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target text which is added onto the images of the original product, usually at the
bottom of the screen. While dubbing refers into following definition, as a specific
technique attempts to cover entirely the spoken text with a target text adjusted to fit
the-visual-lip movements of the original utterances (Karamitroglou, 2000). By those
definitions, we can conclude that subtitling is translating source language into text in
a form of text on the screen, while dubbing is in a form of spoken. Nevertheless, in
this research the writer had focused only in subtitling of proper names found in
Tinker Bell serial movies.
This research is about Disney animation serial movie, Tinker Bell. Tinker Bell
is a 2008 computer fiction animated film based on the Disney Fairies franchise
produced by Disney Toon Studios. She is fairy character created by J. M. Barrie in
his play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up in 1904, and featured in the
1953 Disney animated film, Peter Pan and its 2002 sequel Return to Never Land.
Unlike Disney's two Peter Pan films featuring the character, which were produced
primarily using traditional animation, Tinker Bell was produced using digital 3D
modeling. The film was released on DVD and Blue-ray by Walt Disney Home Video
th on September 18 , 2008. Tinker Bell serial movie consist of four series: Tinker Bell
Enter the World of Fairies (2008), Tinker Bell and The Lost Treasure (2009), Tinker
Bell and The Great Fairy Rescue (2010), and the newest series Tinker Bell Secret of
the Wings (2012).
Like other fiction children story in Tinker Bell serial movies, there are many
imaginative illustration, unique elements about fairy world tale. They are character of
fairies, places and unusual objects.commit Therefore to user there are many translation techniques
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used in Tinker Bell serial movies subtitle that are kept in source language or
translated into target language in order to get target audience understanding and fulfill
their satisfaction after watching this movie.
The aim of subtitling is helping the viewers, mainly children to enjoy the
film’s content naturally. Translator deals with the spoken words of the character,
cultural aspect and should be able to uphold the characters and specific content such
as names, places, or things that appears in the film into the target language using
appropriate diction. Translator uses an appropriate diction to meet best-qualified
subtitle which is accurate, acceptable, and readable.
Therefore the reason why this research conducted is to analyze the
classification of proper names found in Tinker Bell serial movies and translation
technique applied in translating proper names. The examples are below:
Example 1:
ST : Okay, try it now, Cheese. Yeah, that’s it! Keep going! Keep
going!
TT : Coba sekarang, Keju. Ya, seperti itu! Ya, seperti itu! Teruskan!
The dialogue above happened between Tinker Bell and Cheese. Tinker asks
him to try a boat paddle. Cheese is one of mice in Pixie Hollow. He always helps and
serves tinker fairies to do their daily duty. He is named cheese because he always
comes if somebody says cheese to call him and tinker fairies sometimes put cheese in
front of him to attract him to ask his help. But his actual name may not be cheese and
he only wants to eat cheese.
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The word in bold is a proper name for pet name. The translator of Tinker
Bell serial movies applied rendition technique for translating Cheese. Cheese is
translated literally into Keju as the most common meaning in Indonesia.
Unfortunately, the word Keju seems less acceptable. The writer thinks it will be more
attractive and unique for children if we keep the character’s name because the
character name is taken from character preference that like to eat cheese.
The other example of proper names and its translation is as follows:
The example 2:
ST : You do know the Minister of Autumn?
TT : Kau tentu kenal Menteri Musim Gugur?
The word in bold is a kind of proper name title used without names. The
conversation above happened when Queen Clarion introduces Tinker Bell to Minister
of Autumn who is responsible to the autumn occasion in Pixie Hollow and autumn in
the mainland.
The proper name of proper name title used without names above consists of
two words. Both words have common meaning in bahasa Indonesia. The word
minister and autumn are accurately translated using rendition technique. The word
Minister is translated into menteri and Autumn is translated into musim gugur. They
are translated into Menteri Musim Gugur without changing the pattern. The translator
translates them accurately but they are less acceptable. It is because the term of
Menteri Musim Gugur does not exist in TT. In Tinker Bell, Minister of Autumn
(Menteri Musim Gugur) refers to a person who becomes a chief commander in
autumn, to lead and to be in chargecommit of bring to usering autumn in the mainland. In TT, we
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have both terms of Menteri and Musim Gugur; Menteri means the principal of
certain government department or ministry who helps president to do internal or
external affair of government issues, while Autumn means a climate after summer
and before winter happens in the region that has four seasons. But in TT they cannot
be put in together in one phrase and also in real life Minister of Autumn is not exist.
However, subtitling for kids or children as the target readers is not easy. As a
good translators, they should be able to provide simple subtitle and should not lose
the story content of the movie and keep considering the setting of movies. Sometimes
translator does not qualify the acceptability aspect because some of terms or dictions
in children literature are not available in TT language.
To make the explanation clearer, the following are other examples from the
Tinker Bell serial movies:
Example 3:
ST : Those fairies on the Mainland won’t be able to fly without Pixie
Dust!
TT : Peri di daratan tak bisa terbang tanpa serbuk peri!
On the example above, we can find two proper names, the mainland and
Pixie Dust. The Mainland here is a proper name of place, but in this movie the place
is different according to the Tinker Bell serial movie. The Mainland is human habitat
outside Pixie Hollow. It is a very special place for all of fairies. But, only certain
fairy, that is season fairies, can enter mainland.
Pixie dust is one of unusual magical objects. It is blinked-golden powder
coming out from pixie dust tree. Itcommit is an important to user powder for the fairies. They get
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pixie dust to re-charge their energy from Pixie Dust-Keeper. They use it for flying
and doing their daily activities like digging a soil, fertilizing plants, coloring bugs,
using their magic, etc.
The word the Mainland is translated literally using rendition technique into
daratan. The used of word daratan is less accurate. Because in Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia (KBBI) daratan means darat (n) bagian permukaan bumi yang padat;
tanah tidak digenangi air (sebagai lawan dari laut atau air). Nevertheless it is still
acceptable since in the movies Mainland is illustrated as only-human-livings place.
The word pixie dust is also translated using rendition into serbuk peri. The
word dust is translated into serbuk as the common meaning in Indonesia. And the
word pixie already has a meaning in TT as peri. It is translated accurately, acceptably,
and readably as the context seen in the movie that pixie dust looks like golden-
glittered grain or powder that only exist in fairy world and it can be used only by
fairies.
Those techniques can obviously affect the acceptability and readability
levels of the translation result. Movie translators for children animation movie do not
only transfer ST into TT or shift the culture, but also should be able make a relevant
subtitle with imaginative character and illustration to get qualified subtitle and make
the audiences understand the story of the movie.
The other examples of proper names and their variation of techniques that
makes the researcher interested in conducting the research can be shown below:
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Example 4:
ST Terrance :”… The blue moon only rises in Pixie Hollow every eight
year” TT
Terrance :”… Bulan biru hanya terbit di Pixie Hollow setiap delapan tahun.”
The example above is taken from Terrance utterance when he explained to
Tinker Bell about blue moon and the moonstone she had. Bold words on the example
above are kind of proper name of places. Pixie Hollow is the name of fairy territory,
especially where Tinker Bell and her colonies live.
In TT, translator still uses same term as ST. Translator uses copy technique.
In fact, there are the equivalent meaning of both words Pixie and Hollow in TT. They
can be translated into Peri and Lubang or Rongga. Translator decides not to translate
it into TT but he or she still keep exactly as ST has without any adjustment.
Translator borrowed ST in order to maintain the culture dealing with setting of place
in the movie.
Actually translator has a chance to translate it into Lubang Peri, because in
certain part of the movie, Pixie Hollow is illustrated as fairy territory that is placed on
the ground, in a secret hidden hole that cannot be seen by human.
Based on the example above, the writer is interested to analyze further about
kinds of proper names found in the movie, the translation technique used to translate
the proper names, the quality of translation in the aspect of accuracy and
acceptability.
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B. Problem Statements
Based on the research background, the problem statements are formulated as
follows:
1. What kinds of proper names are found in the Tinker Bell serial movies and
how are they translated into the target text?
2. How is the translation quality of proper names in the Tinker Bell serial movies
in terms of its accuracy and acceptability?
C. Problem Limitation
The researcher makes limitation concerning the data and analysis. Since the
character of Tinker Bell is appeared in fourteen films, the researcher concerns on
analyzing four films of Tinker Bell; Tinker Bell Enter the World of Fairies (2008),
Tinker Bell and The Lost Treasure (2009), Tinker Bell and The Great Fairy Rescue
(2010), and the newest series Tinker Bell Secret of the Wings (2012). The reasons are
because the writer is interested in the movie, and there are many proper names in the
whole Tinker Bell movie series.
Meanwhile, in order to accomplish the research problem objectives, the
researcher examine kinds of proper names find in the movies. It also focusess on the
translation technique used for translation proper names. In terms of translation
quality; accuracy, acceptability, and readability, the writer only focuses on the
accuracy and acceptability of translation.
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D. Research Objectives
Based on the problem statements, the research objectives are:
1. To find out the variety of proper names found in the Tinker Bell serial movies
subtitle and translation technique used for translating proper names in Tinker Bell
movie series into bahasa Indonesia.
2. To find out the quality of proper names translation in Tinker Bell movie series
subtitle.
E. Research Benefits
The research is expected to give some benefits for:
1. Students of English Department
This research can be useful as a supplementary reference for the students
of English Department in studying translation subject, particularly in
qualified subtitling of proper names.
2. Translators
The result of this research will contribute for the translator. The
translator will achieve additional knowledge about overcoming some
problems in translating proper names in order to produce qualified
subtitle which still preserve the imaginative content of children fiction
animation movie.
3. Other researchers
The result of this research is expected will be beneficial for other
researchers as an additional reference in the field of translation studies
especially for next researchcommit dealing to user w ith translating of proper names.
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F. Research Organization
This thesis is divided into five chapters. Each chapter discusses different
matters but still related to the main topic of the research. The writer organizes this
thesis as follow:
Chapter I – INTRODUCTION. This chapter provides general idea of the
research. It consists of Research Background, Research Limitations, Research
Problem, Research Objectives, Research Benefits, and Research Organization.
Chapter II – LITERATURE REVIEW. This chapter presents the theories used
by the researcher to analyze the data. It consists of Definition of Translation,
Definition of Subtitling, Names and Proper Names, Translating Proper Names,
Technique of Translating Proper Name, the Quality of Translation, Other Related
Study, and the Serial Movie of Tinker Bell.
Chapter III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. This chapter shows the type of
research and steps taken by the researcher in conducting the research. It consists of
Research Method, Data and Source of Data, Sampling Technique, Method of Data
Collection, Technique of Data Analysis, and Research Procedure.
Chapter IV – RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. This chapter
presents the result of the analysis. It consists of Analysis of proper names found in the
movies and how they are translated and Analysis of Translation Quality.
Chapter V – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. This chapter
provides conclusions, critics, and inputs to the object of study are provided by the
researcher in this chapter. It is also give bibliography and appendices at the last part
of this thesis. commit to user