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Trade Unions in India 2008 TRADE UNIONS IN INDIA 2008 LABOUR BUREAU MINISTRY OF LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CHANDIGARH/SHIMLA PREFACE Trade Unions have proliferated due to rapid economic development and development in particular. The setting of industrial units involving wide spread use of machinery, changes in working and living environment of workers, concentration of industries in large towns have brought the workers together to maintain and improve their bargaining power and hence their employment conditions. The first organized Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour Union was formed as early as 1918. Since then, a large number of Unions came up in almost all the industrial centers of the country. The government of India passed the “Trade Unions Act,1926” to regulate conditions governing the registration of Trade Unions, obligations imposed on a registered Trade Unions and right and liabilities there of. The Rules Framed under the “Trade Unions Act,1926 impose obligation on the registered Trade Unions (Workers & Employers) to submit annual statutory return in the prescribed format to the Registrar of their respective States/ Union Territories. These State/U.T. Authorities in turn furnish the consolidated data in respect of the entire State/U.T. to the Labour Bureau. The Labour Bureau compiles and disseminates these statistics at All India level. The present biennial review presents comprehensive statistics on the working of the Trade Unions Act, 1926 during 2008. It is based on the Annual Returns received from the Registrar of Trade Unions of the respective States/Union Territories. I am thankful to the Registrar of Trade Unions of all the responding State Government/Union Territory without whose support it would not have been possible to bring out this Report. I also place on record my appreciation for the work done by the team of officers and staff members of Labour Bureau, whose names appear in Annexure IV. Suggestions for further improvement of this publication are welcome. B.N.NANDA Director General Labour Bureau, Chandigarh Dated : 5th October, 2011 CONTENTS Sl.No. PAGES SUMMARY OF THE REPORT 1-2 CHAPTERS 1. Salient features of the Trade Unions Act, 1926 3-7 2. Growth of Trade Unions 8-10 3. Finances, Assets and Liabilities of Trade Unions 11-12 4. Federations of Workers Trade Unions 13 ANNEXURES I Statistical Tables (Sl. No 1.1 to 6.4) 14-57 II National Industrial Classification 58-71 III Blank Performae for collection of Labour Statistics 72-77 IV List of Officers/officials associated with this report 78 (i) Sl. No. STATISTICAL TABLES PAGES 1.1 Number and Membership of Workers’ Unions By Major 14-15 Industry Divisions during 2008 1.2 Percentage Distribution of Income of Workers’ and Employers’ 16 Unions by Sources during 2008 1.3 Percentage Distribution of Expenditure of Workers’ and 17-18 Employers’ Unions by Sources during 2008 2.1 Growth of Registered Trade Unions and their Membership, 19 1996 to 2008 2.2 State-wise Distribution of Registered Trade Unions during 20 2008 in the responding States. 3.1 State-wise Number and Membership of Workers’ Trade 21 Unions (Central and State) by Sex during 2008. 3.2 Industry-wise Number and Membership of Workers’ Trade 22-26 Unions Submitting Returns, during 2008 3.3 State-wise Number of Workers’ Trade Unions Submitting 27 Returns and their Membership in the Public Sector by State and Central Spheres during 2008 4.1 State-wise Number and Membership of Employers’ Trade 28 Unions Submitting Returns during 2008 (By Sex) 4.2 Industry – wise Number and Membership of Employers’ Trade 29 Unions Submitting Returns during 2008 (By Sex) 5.1 General Funds of Trade Unions Submitting Returns, 1996 to 30 2008 5.2 State-wise General Funds of Workers’ Trade Unions 31 Submitting Returns during 2008 5.3 Industry-wise General Funds of Workers’ Trade Unions 32-33 Submitting Returns during 2008 5.4 State-wise General Funds of Employers’ Trade Unions (Central 34 & State) Submitting Returns during 2008 5.5 Industry-wise General Funds of Employers’ Trade Unions 35 Submitting Returns during 2008 5.6 Income of Workers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 36-37 Sources and States, 2008 5.7 Income of Workers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 38-40 Sources and States, 2008 5.8 Income of Employers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 41 Sources and Industry, 2008 5.9 Income of Employers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 42 Sources and Industry, 2008 (ii) 5.10 Expenditure of Workers Trade Unions (Central and State) by 43-44 Items and States, 2008 5.11 Expenditure of Workers Trade Unions (Central and State) by 45-48 Items and Industries, 2008 5.12 Expenditure of Employers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 49-50 Items and States, 2008 5.13 Expenditure of Employers’ Trade Unions (Central and State) by 51-52 Items and Industries, 2008 5.14 Assets and Liabilities of Trade Unions during 2008 53 6.1 Number, Membership and General Funds of Federation of 54 Workers’ Trade Unions by States, 2008 6.2 Income of Federations of Workers’ Trade Unions by Sources 55 and States, 2008 6.3 Expenditure of Federations of Workers’ Trade Unions by Item 56 and States, 2008 6.4 Assets and Liabilities of Federations of Workers’ Trade Unions 57 by States, 2008 (iii) Summary of the Report Trade Unions are organization of Workers as well as of Employers formed to protect and promote the interest of their members. In 1926 the Trade Unions Act was passed and gave legal status to the Registered Trade Unions in the country i.e. Trade Unions in India 2008. The present review presents information in respect of Workers and Employers Unions, on Registered Trade Unions submitting returns by their sex-wise membership. Besides it also presents data of income and expenditure of Workers as well as Employers Unions. Growth of Trade Unions • There was decline of 11.63 per cent in the number of total registered Trade Unions in the year 2008 (Table 2.1). • The number of Unions submitting returns was 9709 i.e. 11.47 percent of the total registered unions (Table 2.1). • Out of total of 27137 registered unions as many as 27063 unions i.e. 99.73 per cent belong to Workers and remaining 74 unions i.e. 0.27 per cent were Employers (Table 2.2). • Among States/Union Territories Tamil Nadu accounted for the largest number of registered Trade Unions i.e.87.93 (Table 2.2). Growth of Workers Unions • The average membership for workers union was 986 only (Table 2.1). • Out of 27063 Workers Unions, 88.76 per cent were State Unions and remaining 11.24 per cent were Central Unions (Table 3.1). • Only 9702 Workers Unions (35.85 Per cent) had submitted the returns (Table 3.1). • The ‘Manufacturing Group’ accounted for 40.26 per cent of the total number of Workers Unions submitting returns, followed by ‘Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities’ 14.16 per cent (Table 3.2). Employers Unions • Out of 74 registered employers unions only 7 unions (9.46 per cent) had submitted returns. (Table 4.1) • The average membership of Employers Unions was reported as 989 (Table 4.1). 1 • The total membership of Employers’ Unions was reported as 6924 persons. Out of which, only 1012 (14.62 per cent) were women. (Table 4.1). • The highest number of Employers Unions submitting returns was 4 ‘Manufacturing Group’ (Table 4.2). • The highest membership was reported in ‘Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities (4,344) followed by ‘Manufacturing’ industry (2,580). Finances, Assets and Liabilities of Trade Unions • All the 9,709 trade unions submitting returns had income of ` 114.18 Crore against the expenditure of ` 81.32 Crore respectively. (Table 5.4). • Total Income and Expenditure of all Workers Unions was ` 113.81 Crore and ` 80.99 Crore respectively. (Table 5.2). • Income and Expenditure of Employers Unions was ` 0.37 Crore and ` 0.34 Crore respectively (Table 5.4). • Total Assets/Liabilities of Trade Unions of Workers was reported as ` 168.75 Crore. (Table 5.14). Federations of Workers Trade Unions • As many as 31 registered federations of workers Trade Unions were reported in 2008 (Table 6.1). • Only 5 federations submitted their returns. All of these 5 were State Federations (Table 6.1). • The Federations had an income of ` 30,79,558 against an expenditure of ` 27,94,224 (Table 6.1). 2 Chapter I Salient Features of the Trade Unions Act, 1926 Trade Unions are organization of Workers as well as Employers formed to protect and promote the interest of their members. Trade Unions have made headway due to rapid industrial development. The workers come together to maintain and improve their bargaining power on wages and working conditions. The first organized Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour Union was formed in the year 1918. From the beginning itself, Trade Unions were not confined to workers alone. From 19th Century itself there were Employer’s associations in the form of Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Associations etc. to protect and promote the interests of their members in a concerted manner. After independence, expansion of industrial activity and grouping worker’s Trade Unions acted as a spur for strengthening and expansion of employers’ organization. In 1926, the Trade Union Act was passed which was a landmark in the history of Trade Unions in the country. The Act gave legal status to the Registered Trade Unions and conferred on them and their members a measure of immunity from Civil Suit and Criminal prosecution. Registration of Unions enhanced their status before general public.
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