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BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Volume 335 Series Editors R. John Collier Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Richard W. Compans Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3001 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Max D. Cooper Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Georgia Research Alliance, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Yuri Y. Gleba ICON Genetics AG, Biozentrum Halle, Weinbergweg 22, Halle 6120, Germany Tasuku Honjo Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Hilary Koprowski Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M85 JAH, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799, USA Bernard Malissen Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, Marseille Cedex 9 13288, France Fritz Melchers Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 50–70, 4056 Basel Switzerland Michael B.A. Oldstone Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Sjur Olsnes Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello 0310 Oslo, Norway Herbert W. “Skip” Virgin Washington University School of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, University Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA Peter K. Vogt The Scripps Research Institute, Dept. of Molecular & Exp. Medicine, Division of Oncovirology, 10550 N. Torrey Pines. BCC-239, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 ii Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Previously published volumes Further volumes can be found at springer.com Vol. 310: Doerfler, Walter; Böhm, Petra (Eds.): Vol. 322: Romeo, Tony (Ed.): DNA Methylation: Development, Bacterial Biofilms. 2008. XII, 299. Genetic Disease and Cancer. 2006. 25 figs. ISBN 978-3-540-75417-6 X, 284 pp. ISBN 3-540-31180-7 Vol. 323: Tracy, Steven; Oberste, M. Steven; Vol. 311: Pulendran, Bali; Ahmed, Rafi (Eds.): Drescher, Kristen M. (Eds.): From Innate Immunity to Immunological Group B Coxsackieviruses. 2008. Memory. 2006. 13 figs. X, 177 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-75545-6 ISBN 3-540-32635-9 Vol. 324: Nomura, Tatsuji; Watanabe, Vol. 312: Boshoff, Chris; Weiss, Robin A. (Eds.): Takeshi; Habu, Sonoko (Eds.): Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus: Humanized Mice. 2008. New Perspectives. 2006. 29 figs. XVI, 330 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-75646-0 ISBN 3-540-34343-1 Vol. 325: Shenk, Thomas E.; Stinski, Vol. 313: Pandolfi, Pier P.; Vogt, Peter K.(Eds.): Mark F. (Eds.): Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. 2007. Human Cytomegalovirus. 2008. 16 figs. VIII, 273 pp. ISBN 3-540-34592-2 ISBN 978-3-540-77348-1 Vol. 314: Moody, Branch D. (Ed.): Vol. 326: Reddy, Anireddy S.N; Golovkin, T Cell Activation by CD1 and Lipid Antigens, Maxim (Eds.): 2007, 25 figs. VIII, 348 pp. Nuclear pre-mRNA processing in plants. 2008. ISBN 978-3-540-69510-3 ISBN 978-3-540-76775-6 Vol. 315: Childs, James, E.; Mackenzie, John S.; Vol. 327: Manchester, Marianne; Richt, Jürgen A. (Eds.): Steinmetz, Nicole F. (Eds.): Wildlife and Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: Viruses and Nanotechnology. 2008. The Biology, Circumstances and Consequences of ISBN 978-3-540-69376-5 Cross-Species Transmission. 2007. 49 figs. VII, 524 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-70961-9 Vol. 328: van Etten, (Ed.): Lesser Known Large dsDNA Viruses. 2008. Vol. 316: Pitha, Paula M. (Ed.): ISBN 978-3-540-68617-0 Interferon: The 50th Anniversary. 2007. VII, 391 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-71328-9 Vol. 329: Diane E. Griffin; Michael B.A. Oldstone (Eds.): Measles 2009. Vol. 317: Dessain, Scott K. (Ed.): ISBN 978-3-540-70522-2 Human Antibody Therapeutics for Viral Disease. 2007. XI, 202 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-72144-4 Vol. 330: Diane E. Griffin; Michael B.A. Oldstone (Eds.): Measles 2009. Vol. 318: Rodriguez, Moses (Ed.): ISBN 978-3-540-70616-8 Advances in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Demyelinating Diseases. 2008. Vol. 331 Villiers, E. M. de (Eds.): XIV, 376 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-73679-9 TT Viruses. 2009. ISBN 978-3-540-70917-8 Vol. 319: Manser, Tim (Ed.): Specialization and Complementation Vol. 332 Karasev A.(Ed.): of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection. Plant produced Microbial Vaccines. 2009. 2008. XII, 174 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-73899-2 ISBN 978-3-540- 70857-5 Vol. 320: Paddison, Patrick J.; Vol. 333 Richard W. Compans; Vogt, Peter K.(Eds.): RNA Interference. 2008. Walter A. Orenstein (Eds.): VIII, 273 pp. ISBN 978-3-540-75156-4 Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza. 2009. ISBN 978-3-540-92164-6 Vol. 321: Beutler, Bruce (Ed.): Immunology, Phenotype First: How Mutations Vol. 334 Dorian McGavern; Have Established New Principles and Michael Dustin (Eds.): Pathways in Immunology. 2008. XIV, 221 pp. Visualizing Immunity. 2009. ISBN 978-3-540-75202-8 ISBN 978-3-540-93862-0 BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 Beth Levine ● Tamotsu Yoshimori ● Vojo Deretic Editors Autophagy in Infection and Immunity BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 Editors Beth Levine Tamotsu Yoshimori Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Cell Regulation Department of Internal Medicine Research Insitute for Microbial Diseases and Microbiology Osaka University University of Texas 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Southwestern Medical Center Japan 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. [email protected] Dallas TX 75390-9113, USA [email protected] Vojo Deretic Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Health Sciences Center University of New Mexico 915 Camino de Salud NE., Albuquerque NM 87131 USA [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-00301-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-00302-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN 0070-217x Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2009926065 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September, 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protec- tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover legend : The cover image illustrates different stages of the autophagic degradation of bacteria, including an isolation membrane surrounding bacteria, an autophagosome containing intact bacteria, and an autolyososome containing partially degraded bacteria. The discovery of autophagic degradation of bacteria was a seminal observation that opened up the field of autophagy in infection and immunity. Cover illustration by Angela Diehl and Anthony Orvedahl, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Cover design: WMX Design Gmbh, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) BookID 160045_ChapID FM_Proof# 1 - 17/4/2009 Preface Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to adjust cytoplasmic mass, quality and organization through capture and autodigestion of their cytoplasmic components. Autophagic targets range in size and complexity from individual long-lived macromolecules to whole organelles and microbial invaders. The principal role of this ubiquitous eukaryotic homeostatic mechanism is to ensure cell survival under adverse conditions, including nutrient absence, growth factor withdrawal, accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, and faulty organelles (e.g., leaky mitochondria), or infection by intracellular pathogens. The physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of autophagy (and defects in autophagy) are vast, encompassing cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, aging, and (as of more recently) immunity. The immunological roles of autophagy fall into two broad categories, including: (1) effects on the control of general homeostasis in immune cells that parallel its roles in other cell types in the body, and; (2) effects on specialized functions of immune cells or other cellular targets of infection that enable the host to effectively deal with microbes or microbial products. In this volume, experts in autophagy provide overviews and more detailed dissections of the basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of autophagy (chapter by Yang and Klionsky), the signaling cascades that control these processes (chapter by Codogno and colleagues), and the fundamental and applied physiological roles of autophagy (chapter by Mizushima).