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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00218-0 - The Return of the Gift: European History of a Global Idea Harry Liebersohn Index More information

INDEX

Allis, Samuel, 79 Bolshevik Revolution, 136, 159–161 American Anthropological Association, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 104 112 Bougainville (Solomon Islands), 105 American Museum of Natural History, 98 Brentano, Lujo, 45 Amphlett Islands, 132 Brulé Dakota, 79 L’Année Sociologique, 141, 144–147 Bücher, Karl, 44–60, 165. Mauss’s reviews in, 144–145 See also Malinowski, Bronislaw post-World War I revival of, 143 anticipation of later thinkers, 45, 53, 58, anthropology, 55, 93, 96, 122, 139. 60, 151 See also ethnography Arbeit und Rhythmus, 125 Aryans, 75–77, 113 critique of neoclassical economics, Athens, 84, 149, 163. See also Greece, 46–49 Socrates economic anthropology, 45, 47–50, 52 Aurora, N. Y., 67 liberalism, 46, 50–51 Awadh, 15 The Origin of National Economies, 46–51, 104–105 Bachofen, Johann Jacob, 81 Burke, Edmund, 10–11, 16–19, 25 Banaros, 104, 111–12, 113–122, 139 charges in parliament against Warren Battle of Plassey, 12, 23 Hastings, 17–18 Bayly, C. A., 9 defends traditional gift, 18–19 Benedict, Ruth, Patterns of Culture, 99 motives for attacking Hastings, 16 Bengal, 10, 12–17, 21, 23–24 Reflections on the French Revolution, 10 Bentham, Jeremy, 20 Berlin, 112–113, 119 Cahen, Maurice, 147 Berlin Ethnological Museum, 99, 105 Calcutta, 13, 17 Berthoud, Gérald, 5 Celts, 87, 93 Bhagavad Gita, 15 civic humanism, 32, 64 Blackfoot tribe, 79–80 civility, 1, 166 Boas, Franz, 55, 97–103, 112, 122, 137, Clive (of Plassy), Robert, Baron, 12–13, 139, 169 16, 23 “The Limitations of the Comparative Cohn, Bernard, 22 Method of Anthropology,” 98 Collège de France, 142

205

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ýûār *OEFY

Columbia University, 98 Free University of Berlin, 113 communism, 119, 136 French Revolution, 9, 43, 63, 81, 86, 88 primitive communism, 65, 88–89, 91–92, functionalism, 116–117 121, 155 Conrad, Joseph, Heart of Darkness, 129 Gaul, Wilhelm, 55–57 Culbertson, Alexander, 79–81 German historical school of economics, 40, 43–44 Darwin, Charles, 66 Germanic peoples, 65, 75, 87–89, 93, Davis, Natalie Z., 31 157–158, 165. See also Scandinavia Davy, Georges, 147–148 German New Guinea, 105–112 La Foi jurée, 148 Germany Dawson, George M., 103 colonies, 51–52 democracy, 71, 82–85, 118. See also social educated elite, 43, 123 democracy Imperial Germany, 44, 51, 123–124 Denmark, 88 industrialization, 41, 44 Dobu, 132 Nazi Germany, 113 durbar, 22–23 universities’ impact on anthropologists, Durkheim, Émile, 3, 95–96. See also Mauss, 98, 123–124 Marcel Weimar Republic, 121 Suicide, 141 gift. See also gift exchange; Mauss, Marcel Durkheim school, 140–143 globalization of the idea, 168–169 schenken as root of Geschenk (gift), 57, East India Company, 11–13, 16–17, 20, 23 157 Regulating Act of, 11, 1773 The Gift (Marcel Mauss), 1–5, 99, 138, 140, emancipation, 19, 56 142–158. See also gift, gift exchange; Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 3 Mauss, Marcel Engels, Friedrich, 65, 86–93, 117, 121 and British anthropologists, 149–151 Morgan and, 66–67, 89–92 and French colleagues, 147–148 The Origins of the Family, Private Property as intertextual work, 144 and the State, 66, 89–93 as potlatch, 154–155 Enlightenment, 14–15, 21, 32 as total social institution, 148, 162 Épinal, 141 definition of the gift,152–154 ethnography, 52, 78, 92–93, 133 discourse on gift-giving and, 1, 3, 6–7, Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 150 166 evolutionary social theories, 49, 65, 67, prestation in, 148 78, 81, 85–86, 89–92, 96, 98, 126, gift exchange. See also marriage; potlatch; 148, 155–156. See also stage theories kula of society absence from nineteenth-century theory, 3, 26, 167 family, 89–90 and social violence, 6, 97, 161 communal family, 77 as altruism, 56, 119 Ferguson, Adam, 155 as aristocratic largess, 18–19, 37–38, Essay on the History of Civil Society, 63–65 134–135 Ferguson Island, 132 as asymmetrical, 1, 30, 151, 167 Field Museum, 106 as bribery, 13, 21, 23 folklore studies, 57 as corruption, 11, 16–19, 23, 26 Fort Rupert, 97, 99 as generosity, 30, 36, 64, 93, 134, 157 Fournier, Marcel, 4, 158 as loan, 58, 101–102 Frazer, Sir James, The Golden Bough, 149 as obligation to the dead, 145–146

*OEFY rýûĂ

as reciprocal exchange, 1–2, 5, 9, 19, 28, on rulers and gifts, 31 56–57, 114–116, 157, 166–167 utilitarianism and, 29 as sacrifice,143 Hobsbawm, Eric, 9 as sexual exchange, 104, 115–116 Holland, 38 as symbolic act, 22–23 Homer, 3 as travelers’ hospitality, 54, 58 Hong Kong, 110 as voluntary exchange, 29–31, 56 household, 53–54, 91, 136 between liberalism and communism, 5, Hudson’s Bay Company, 97, 99 136–137, 140, 161 Hume, David, 63 compared to verbal communication, 6, Hunt, George, 99–100, 139 56, 80–81, 162–163 Huron tribe, 63 friendship in, 30, 137 Hussain, Ghulam in contemporary society, 4, 169–170 admiration for Mughals, 23–24 in early modern society, 7, 30, 166 in late eighteenth-century discourse, 7, India, 2, 7, 9–26, 87, 162, 165. 27 See also Bengal in modern society, 38, 54, 139–140, Indians, North American, 63–65. 151–152, 158, 165, 167 See also individual tribes in the nineteenth century, 5–6, 167 industrialization, 42–43 in the West, 4, 156–158, 167 Industrial Revolution, 9 in traditional societies, 2, 18 intellectual history, 1 return of, 6–7, 170 Iroquois Confederacy, 63, 68, 71, 74, 84, 93 transition from eighteenth to nineteenth century, 7, 9, 61–62, 166–167 Jaurès, Jean, 141 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 107 Jones, John Tecumseh, 79 Gossman, Lionel, 81 Jones, Sir William, 15 Greece, 93. See also Athens Grimm, Jacob, 88, 157, 165 Kerem River, 104 Grote, George, 84 Kiel, 98 kinship systems, 71, 74–81, 90–91, 100, Haida tribe, 99–100 115–116 Hamburg, 38 Kiriwana, 131, 163 Hastings, Warren, governor-general of kula, 165, 169 Bengal, 9–26, 139 as gift exchange, 135–136, 138 career, 13 comparison with European exchange enlightened absolutist style of rule, practices, 134–135 14–15, 25–26 definition by Malinowski,129–130 interest in Indian culture, 14–15 gimwali and, 134–135 motives, 15–16 journey around the kula ring, 131–133 policy aims, 13–14 Mauss on, 153–154 trial, 10–11, 17–18 non-utilitarian motives, 130–131, 133 Heine, Heinrich, 107 social sanctions, 135 Henry, Joseph, 78 vaygu’a in, 127, 131, 133–134, 138, 152 Herodotus, 3 Kwakiutl tribe (Kwakwaka’wakw), 97, historical linguistics, 74–75 99–103, 122 Hobbes, Thomas, 39, 50 Leviathan, 29–31, 166 Lafitau, Joseph-François,71 on gift versus to contract, 29–30 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, The Elementary on philanthropy, 30 Structures of Kinship, 71, 104

ýûăr *OEFY

liberalism, 27–60. See also utilitarianism matriarchy, 155 complexity of, 28–29, 35 matriliny, 90–91 historicization of, 57 Maurer, Georg Ludwig von, 87–88 List, Friedrich, 40–44 Mauss, Marcel, 139–163. biography, 41 See also The Gift economic and political program, 40–41 British colleagues, 149–151 historicism, 43–44 collaborative work style, 142–147, 151 The National System of Political Economy, cosmopolitanism, 149, 152 41–44 critique of Bolshevism, 159–161 Lorraine, 141 critique of utilitarianism, 27–28 Lowie, Robert, 112 definition of politics,162 Lübeck, 106 extra-European travel and, 140 Luschan, Felix von, 105–106 “In Memoriam,” 144–146 on archaic societies, 155–156, 161–162 Madang, 110 on cooperative movement, 158–159 Maine, Henry, 81 on Mandeville as transition to modern Malinowski, Bronislaw, 122–138, 152–153, thought, 27, 31 157, 169. See also kula on primitive societies, 155 Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An opinion of Malinowski, 153 Account of Native Enterprise and post-World War I work, 143 Adventure in the Archipelagoes of relation to Durkheim, 140–147 Melanesian New Guinea, 127–137, significance as a thinker,4 150, 153 social democratic politics, 156, 160–161, critique of Bücher, 124–126, 136 165 A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term, “Une forme ancienne de contrat chez les 128–129 Thraces,” 149 fieldwork methods,122 , 126–128 McLennan, John, 81 intellectual formation, 123–125 medieval studies, 5, 157. See also Germanic on magic, 127, 129–130, 133, 137–138 peoples on myth, 123–124, 133, 137 Melanesia, 153 “The Primitive Economics of the Meyer, Richard M., 157 Trobriand Islanders,” 125–126 Micronesia, 153 racialized language, 126, 128–129, 133 Mill, James, 19–23 Manchester, 67 attack on Hastings, 21–22 Mandeville, Bernard, 31–34, 61, 166 denigration of Indian culture, 21 education, 32 follower of Bentham, 20–21 defense of self-interest, 32 History of British India, 20–21 The Fable of the Bees, 27–28, 32–34 political convictions, 21 naturalism, 33 Mill, John Stuart, 3, 20 ridicule of gifts, 34 Minden, 98 marriage, 79–80, 102–103, 115–116, Mir Jafar, nawab of Bengal, 12 120–121 monogamy, 77–78, 82, 89 Marshall, P. J., 15 Morgan, Lewis Henry, 65–86, 121. Marx, Karl, 3 See also Engels, Friedrich Critique of Political Economy, 87 adoption by Senecas, 70 On primitive society, 65–66, 86–89 Ancient Society, 66, 81–86 Marxism, 4 and gift exchange in traditional Massim Islands, 122, 128, 131–132, communities, 73, 79–81 137–138, 153, 165 biography, 66–68

*OEFY rýûĄ

involvement in Grand Order of the Rabaul, 109 Iroquois, 68–70 Radcliffe-Brown, Arthur, 153 The League of the Iroquois, The Andaman Islanders, 150 71–73 republicanism, 21, 62–63, 155 political views, 67–68, 82–85 Rochester, N.Y., 66–67 politics of traditional communities, Roesicke, Adolf, 106–107 71–72, 82–86 Rome, 17, 84–85, 87, 93, 165 Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 129 the Human Family, 74–78 Russia, 141–142. See also Bolshevik theory of the family, 77–78 Revolution Möser, Justus, 87 Mosse, Rudolf, 106 Saigon, 110 Mughal emperors, 12, 21–25 Samoa, 152 Munni Begum, 17 Sanaroa, 132 Sanskrit, 15, 21, 74 nabobs, 12–13, 16 Sapir, Edward, 113 Nandakumar, 17–18, 22 Sarajevo, 104 New Economic Policy (Russia), 161 Scandinavia, 88, 147 New Guinea, 125–138. See also German Schmoller, Gustav, 45 New Guinea Seligman, C. G., 150 New Guinea Company, 106 Semites, 75–77 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 95, 129 Seneca tribe, 68–69. See also Morgan, Lewis The Birth of Tragedy Out of the Spirit of Henry; and Parker, Ely S Music, 123 Sepik River, 104, 163 Sepik River Expedition (Empress Augusta Oceania, 1, 147, 158 River Expedition), 106–112 Offer, Avner, 39 Simmel, Georg, 3, 151 Ogilvie, W. M. B., 110 Singapore, 110 Ojibwa tribe (Chippewas), 74 Siraj ud-Daulah, 12 Ottawa tribe, 78–79 Smith, Adam, 35–39, 63 complexity of his thought, 35–36 Pacific Northwest ,1 , 7, 103, ethical theory, 39 153–155, 165 on liberality, 36–38 Parker, Ely S. (Hasanoanda), 68–71, 100 The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 39 patriarchy, 89, 91 The Wealth of Nations, 36–38 Pawnee tribe, 79 Smithsonian Institute, 66, 78 philosophes, 63 Social Policy Association. See Verein für Poland, 122–123 Sozialpolitik Polynesia, 152–153 Socrates, 162 Port Moresby, 131 Sombart, Werner, 45 potlatch, 97–103, 165, 169. See also The Somlò, Felix, 5 Gift stage theories of society, 41–43, 46, 49, 51, primitive societies. See communism; Marx; 73, 124 state of nature state, modern, 117–118, 121 primitivism, 95 state of nature, 33, 41–42, 47–52, 55, 64 property, 5, 19, 69, 77–78, 84–85, 87–89, Steinen, Karl von den, 105 156 Stephan, Emil, 105 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 88 Stollé, Artur, 106, 109 punalua, 90 Strauss, Richard, Der Rosenkavalier, 123

ýüûr *OEFY

structuralism, 4 Vancouver Island, 97, 163 Sydney, 109 Vansittart, Henry, governor of Bengal, 13, 23 Thomas, Nicholas, 6 Verein für Sozialpolitik, 45–46 Thrace, 149 La Vie Socialiste, 159–160 Thurnwald, Richard, 104–122, 126, 137, 153, 163, 169. See also Banaros Wagner, Adolf, 45 as collector, 105–107 Wagner, Richard as explorer, 105–109 Tristan und Isolde, 123 education and early career, 104–105 wampum, 73 Tlingit (Lingit) tribe, 99–100 Weber, Max, 3, 45–46, 95–96 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 3 “Politics as a Vocation,” 121 Trautmann, Thomas, 71 weddings, 102–103, 120–121, 153, 165 travel writing, 52, 54 Weiner, Annette, 58 Trobriand Islands, 122, 124, 126, 128, 131, Westermack, Edward, 55 138, 157 Wilkins, Charles, 15 Tylor, Edward B., 103 women, social status of, 115, 118 World War I, 2–3, 5, 54, 59, 109–110, 113, Union College, 67 140, 162 United States, 41–43 Wundt, Wilhelm, 124 U. S. Senate Committee on Indian Württemberg, 41 Affairs, 69 University of Bordeaux, 141 University of Cracow, 124 X-ix-eqala, 97 University of Edinburgh, 63 University of Leipzig, 124 Yale University, 113 University of Vienna, 104 Yomba, 111–112, 139 utilitarianism, 20, 27–28, 32, 35, 116, 135, Young, Michael, 124 137–138. See also Hobbes, Thomas; kula; Mauss, Marcel zamindars, 18–19, 21