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ROADS to SUCCESS Economic and Social Inclusion for Gypsies and Travellers

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ROADS to SUCCESS Economic and Social Inclusion for Gypsies and Travellers An Irish Traveller Movement in Britain Report ROADS TO SUCCESS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INCLUSION FOR GYPSIES AND TRAVELLERS Principal Authors: Andrew Ryder & Margaret Greenfields An Irish Traveller Movement in Britain Report ROADS TO SUCCESS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INCLUSION FOR GYPSIES AND TRAVELLERS This report was made possible by the generous financial support of the Big Lottery Fund Principal Authors: Andrew Ryder & Margaret Greenfields Forward As a community development, policy and voice be adjusting other areas to ensure we are charity, one of our core objectives is to relieve delivering specifically targeted support. the poverty and promote the welfare and Through this report ITMB along with the inclusion of the Traveller communities. We do communities have been able to highlight some this by acting as a bridge builder bringing the very important issues. As we develop, refine Traveller communities, service providers and and implement our strategic plans we hope policy makers together, thereby stimulating that central and local government, public and debate and promoting forward-looking statutory sector bodies will take this report on strategies to promote increased race equality, board and work in partnership with the Traveller civic engagement, inclusion, service provision and Gypsy communities of Britain to ensure a and community cohesion. road to success for all. The increasingly documented marginalisation Finally I would like to express an enormous and chronic exclusion experienced by the Gypsy gratitude to all who have given so generously of and Traveller communities of Britain continues their time in compiling this valuable report: to be of grave concern to all involved with Irish Traveller Movement in Britain (ITMB). In our day Yvonne MacNamara, Director, Irish Traveller to day work we increasingly witness, but also Movement in Britain hear about from our colleagues on the front line, the poor health, evictions, homelessness, isolation, unemployment, and lack of access to service provision with no real and sustainable signs of improvement. UD MAGNIBH EX UD MAGNIBH We are delighted to be able to bring you this very timely report ITMBs “Roads to Success “Routes to Economic and Social Inclusion for Gypsies and Travellers. The report is extremely timely in light of the many sweeping policy changes being implemented by the new coalition Government which are having an adverse impact on the Gypsy and Traveller communities. Gypsy and Travellers living in Britain today face an uncertain future. Considering that the Traveller communities have some of the poorest social outcomes of any group in Britain, it follows that the impending cuts to public services will have a disproportionate effect on the community, and the voluntary and community sector that work with them. To be inclusive and improve Gypsy and Travellers poor social outcomes such as low educational attainment, poor up take of apprenticeships and high levels of unemployment it is essential that there is real commitment from the Government, and public bodies in supporting and addressing the situation. The report has explored and highlighted the difficulties and barriers experienced by the communities to achieving economic inclusion, however it also shares and highlights the success factors and values identified by the communities in attaining economic inclusion. Some of ITMB’s work portfolios are already aligned with many of the recommendations of the report. However we will certainly Forward The authors wish to acknowledge the Expert Advice and Research Support provided by the following individuals and thank them for their generous input into the Traveller Economic Inclusion Project (TEIP): Susan Alexander, Matthew Brindley (Field research NVIVO analysis and proof reading), Sabrina Fahy, Mairead Moore and Radmila Vujnovic (proof reading and graphics) Julie Joyce, Pat Niner, Rez Henrietta (transcription services), David Scott and David Smith. Members of the Traveller Economic Inclusion Project Steering Group: Father Joe Browne, John Day, Brian Foster, Bridget McCarthy, Yvonne MacNamara, Breda Mahoney, Sean Risdale and Chris Whitwell. This report is dedicated to the memory of the following Gypsy and Traveller activists, community role models and civil rights champions who have passed away in recent years but who continue to inspire future generations of Gypsies and Travellers in their struggle for economic, social and political equality: Sylvie Dunn, Tommy Docherty, Patrick Delaney, Eli Frankham, Tommy Lee, John Mercer, Contents Executive Summary i Introduction 1 Part One – Policy and Research Approaches 3 Chapter One – Gypsies, Travellers, and Economic Inclusion 4 Gypsies and Travellers and Social Exclusion 5 Causes of Gypsy and Traveller Exclusion 5 Economic and Bureaucratic Restrictions on Gypsy and Traveller Employment Opportunities 6 Policy Responses to Gypsy and Traveller Economic Exclusion in Europe 7 Policy Responses in the UK 8 Policy Engagement and Empowerment - Opportunities for Change 9 Targeted Action and ‘Personalised Services’ 10 Positive Action 11 The Traveller Economic Inclusion Project - Adaptation and Access to Capitals 12 Typologies of Traveller Life Strategies and Economic Organisation 15 The Traveller Economy 15 Boundary maintenance within the Traveller Economy 16 Gender and Age Dimensions of Mainstream Economic Activity 18 Framing the Research Question 18 Conclusion 18 Chapter Two – Inclusive and Intercultural Action Research: The TEIP Approach 21 Introduction 21 The Background to the TEIP 21 The Intercultural Context of Economic Policy Research 22 Participatory Action Research 23 Rationale for the selected methodology 24 Conclusion 25 Chapter Three - Research Methods 27 Introduction 27 Research Methods (Qualitative Approaches) 27 Rationale for Use of ‘Semi-Structured Questionnaires’ 28 Data Recording 28 Ethical Issues 29 Purposive Sampling 29 Geographical Location 29 Types of Employment and Economic Inclusion 31 Gender 32 Age 33 Sample Frame by Ethnicity (Proportionality Issues) 34 Recruitment for Interview Staff and Data Collection 35 Accessing the Sample and making contact with community members 35 Subject Inclusion Criteria 36 Analysis 36 Methodological Considerations: Coding Complexities 36 The Equalities Measurement Framework (EMF) 38 Methodological Reflections and Learning Points Part Two – Findings related to Work 38 Contents Part Two – Findings Related to Work 40 Chapter Four – The ‘Traveller Economy’ Traditional Work Practices and Adaptation 43 Introduction 43 The Traveller Economy in Present Times 44 Barriers to Working in Traditional Ways 47 Changing Gender Roles within the Traveller Economy 54 Innovation within the Traveller Economy 55 Chapter Five - Waged Employment and Access to Welfare 60 Introduction 60 Waged Employment 61 Gypsy and Traveller Professionals (excluding information on Roma/New Travellers) 61 Social Mobility and Employment 63 Challenges to Social Mobility 64 Routes into Employment 65 Gypsies, Travellers and Service in the Armed Forces 67 Lower Skilled Waged Employment 67 Access to Benefits and The Informal Economy 69 Reflection and Conclusion 74 Chapter Six – Working for the Community 76 Introduction 76 Routes into Gypsy and Traveller ‘community’ employment 76 Conclusion 80 Chapter Seven - Roma and New Travellers 83 Introduction 83 Roma Economic Inclusion 83 Background Research into Roma in Britain 84 Roma Exclusion in the UK 85 Good Practice in Economic and Social Support for Roma 87 The Future of Roma Engagement 89 New Travellers - Background 89 Conclusion 93 Part Three – Findings related to Accommodation, Education/Training and Social Capital 95 Chapter Eight – Accommodation 98 Introduction Gypsy/Traveller Interviewees’ Accommodation Histories (Generational Change) 98 Current Accommodation 98 Negative Experiences of Accommodation 98 Negatives Aspects of Traditional Nomadic Lifestyles 98 Problems associated with Unauthorised Developments 102 Negative aspects of Housing 103 Negative aspects of living on Local Authority Sites 104 Economic Barriers for Public Site Residents 104 Personal Finance Issues 106 Aspirations to own Sites 108 Contents Aspirations to Own Land and the Impact on Employment and Family Patterns 109 The Accommodation Industry 110 Conclusion 112 Chapter Nine – Education and Training 114 Introduction 114 The Educational Status of Interviewees parents 114 Interviewees Educational Participation/Achievement 115 Responses to Racism 118 Positive Experiences in School 119 Impact on Work 119 Curriculum Reform 120 Educational Support Strategies 121 Returning to Education 123 Experiences of Further Education 124 Higher Education 125 E-Inclusion 128 Predicting the future: Changing 130 Conclusion 130 Chapter Ten – Social Capital and Community Relations 133 Social Capital and Gypsies and Travellers 133 Family Relationships 134 ‘Bonding’ and ‘Bridging’ Networks: determining factors 135 Experiences of Racism 138 Experiences of Racism in Community Settings 139 Racism in Work 141 Respondents reactions to racism 142 Supporting the Community through Volunteering 143 Revealing Ethnicity 143 Concluding Reflection 146 Part Four – Good Practice and Recommendations 147 Chapter Eleven – Good Practice 149 Statutory Sector Group 149 National Level Community Project 152 Friends, Families and Travellers 152 Local Community Groups 155 Funding Issues for Third Sector/Community Groups 158 Positive action and the Development of Employment Opportunities 160 A model Community Group 162 Conclusions: Opportunity and Constraint: Personalisation
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