“Keeping Great Pond $$Golden$$: The Belgrade Lakes Project”
D. Whitney King, Cathy Bevier, Denise Bruesewitz, Russ Cole, Sahan Dissanayake, Philip Nyhus, James Fleming, Michael Donihue, Bruce Rueger1, Maggie Shannon2, Charlie Baeder, Peter Kallin3, Kathi Wall, Lisa Hallee4, Brenda Fekete
1Colby College, 2Maine Lakes Society, 3Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance, 4Maine Lakes Resource Center
Supported by National Science Foundation award #EPS-0904155 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine http://web.colby.edu/epscor/
VLMP Links of Interest
Interactive Lake Data Page: http://www.mapsforgood.org/mlrc/
Water flow animation: https://rossdonihue.cartodb.com/viz/a16b9a20-f516-11e4-8280-0e018d66dc29/embed_map
Live Buoy Data: http://web.colby.edu/lakes/
A Maine Sense of Place - with economic value of billions of dollars Stakeholder Perceptions of Water Quality Hydrology of the Belgrade Lake Chain $$$ 48 $$$ 12 17 28 22
East Pond North Pond
McGrath Pond
$$$ Salmon Lake
Great $$$ Pond 4
8 3
$$$ Long Pond - North
Long Pond - South Snow Pond
Life is controlled by the limiting reagent
How many bicycles can I make from three wheels and two frames?????
Volunteer Science
1988
Anoxic Factor (AF) = (anoxic area/ lake area) * days of anoxia
AF provides an estimate of internal phosphorus loading 12 mg P/m2 day of anoxic area
<10 is good, 20 is a concern, 30 is bad, 50+ is awful
Oxygen above 2 ppm
Depth of anoxia
Oxygen below 2 ppm
Nurnberg, G. K. 2004 ScienceWorld 4:42
Clear Water Lake China Lake Long Pond station 1
Great Pond Station 2
Deep Lakes
good concern bad awful
Shallow Lakes Belgrade Lakes
Nurnberg, G. K. 2004 ScienceWorld 4:42 Stop Studying the Problem and Fix It! The 2015 Research Team
Great Pond Depth (M) vs temp F Depth (M) vs % RDO 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0
2 2
4 4
6 6
8 8
10 10
12 12
14 14
16 16
18 18
20 20 5/3/15 5/8/15 5/13/15 6/3/15 6/12/15 6/17/15 6/22/15 6/29/15 7/6/15 7/16/15 7/23/15 7/30/15 8/6/15 8/12/15 8/20/15 Dissolved Oxygen (PPM) Great Pond 1989
0 9.4 9.8 8.9 8.8 8 8.2 10.8 9.9 8.7 8.8 7.9 8.2 11.4 9.3 8.9 8.8 7.8 8.4 11.6 10.2 8.9 8.8 7.8 8.4 11.4 10.2 8.9 8.8 7.8 8.4 5 11.4 9.8 8.9 8.8 7.8 8.4 11.2 9.3 8.8 8.6 7.6 8.6 11.2 8.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.4 11 8.4 7 5.5 3.6 8.6
10.8 8.2 6.4 5 3.6 8.4 10 10.8 8.1 6.4 5 3.6 3.2 10.9 8.1 6.4 5 3.6 2.8 10.8 8.1 6.4 5.2 3.8 2.7 Depth (meters) Depth 10.8 8 6.8 5.2 3.9 2.8 10.7 7.9 6.8 5.4 3.9 2.8 15 10.8 7.9 6.8 5.2 3.5 2.2
10.8 7.8 6.8 4.8 3.2 2.2 6.3 0.6 10.7 6.3 6.5 3.8 1.4 20 5.6 1.2 0.8 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 Julian Day (210 = 8/1/1989) Great Pond 26 ºC 24ºC 22ºC 20ºC 18ºC 16ºC 14ºC 12ºC 10ºC 8ºC 6ºC 12 ppm 11 ppm 10 ppm 9 ppm 8 ppm 7 ppm 6 ppm 5 ppm 4 ppm 3 ppm 2 ppm
Temperature (ºC) by Depth (M) RDO (ppm) by Depth (M)
8 13
6 12 20 8 13 3 12 17 22 29
6 12 20 - - - - - 3 12 17 22 29 - - 30 23 6 16 - - - 30 23 6 16 ------Aug Aug Jul Jun - Jul May May Jun - Jun - Jun - Jun - Jul Jul Aug Aug Aug Aug Jul Jun - Jul May May Jun - Jun - Jun - Jun - Jul Jul
Great Pond 26 ºC 24ºC 22ºC 20ºC 18ºC 16ºC 14ºC 12ºC 10ºC 8ºC 6ºC 12 ppm 11 ppm 10 ppm 9 ppm 8 ppm 7 ppm 6 ppm 5 ppm 4 ppm 3 ppm 2 ppm
Temperature (ºC) by Depth (M) RDO (ppm) by Depth (M)
8 13
6 12 20 8 13 3 12 17 22 29
6 12 20 - - - - - 3 12 17 22 29 - - 30 23 6 16 - - - 30 23 6 16 ------Aug Aug Jul Jun - Jul May May Jun - Jun - Jun - Jun - Jul Jul Aug Aug Aug Aug Jul Jun - Jul May May Jun - Jun - Jun - Jun - Jul Jul Fraction of Lake Area (10 cm layer) Cumulative Lake Area 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0 0.5 1 0 0
2 2
4 4
6 6
8 8
10 10 Depth in in Depth Meters Depth in in Depth Meters 12 12
14 14
16 16
18 18
20 20
Great Pond - Belgrade Maine
Additional slides on high frequency data – buoys! Healthy Lake Phosphorus Flows must balance
+ O2 Inflow + NP Sources + Internal Load < Outflow + Burial
-PO Fe(II) + 4 hv
hv Building our website with the community in mind
SDL500 Data Logger Data sent to Colby’s server
Goldie measures Weather data every 15 minutes sent to Colby’s server
LabView integrates data
Dynamic Graphs created in Graphs created in LabView HighChart and displayed on web
Additional slides “Free Water” productivity measurements Light (I)
Light (I) Wind (U) Gas exchange www.colby.edu
Oxygen (blue)
“algae” (green) Zmix
GPP – Gross Primary Productivity (function of light) R – Respiration F – Gas Exchange
Temperature (yellow)
Hanson et al. 2008 L&O Methods 6: 454 Solomon, Bruesewitz et al. 2013 L&O 58(3): 849 Free-Water Metabolism “Free Water” productivity measurements Light (I)
Light (I) Wind (U) Gas exchange www.colby.edu
Oxygen (blue)
“algae” (green) Zmix
GPP – Gross Primary Productivity (function of light) {1 mg O2/L day}
R – Respiration {0.7 mg O2/L day}
F – Gas Exchange {0.1 mg O2/L day}
NPP (net primary productivity) = GPP – R {0.3 mg O2/L day}
Temperature (yellow)
Hanson et al. 2008 L&O Methods 6: 454 Solomon, Bruesewitz et al. 2013 L&O 58(3): 849 “Free Water” productivity measurements Light (I)
Light (I) Wind (U) Gas exchange www.colby.edu GPP
Oxygen (blue) O2 “algae” (green) R Zmix
NPP
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O Deep water oxygen sink
NPP (net primary productivity) = GPP – R {0.3 mg O2/L day} “Free Water” productivity measurements Light (I)
Light (I) Wind (U) Gas exchange www.colby.edu GPP
Oxygen (blue) O2 “algae” (green) R Zmix NPP 0.3 mg O2/L day 11 1x10 L 30,000 kg O2/day
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O Deep water oxygen sink 11 0.7x10 L 800,000 kg O2
800,000 kg O2/30,000 kg O2/day = 27 days to anoxia