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Vespid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) Batchuluun Buyanjargal1 and Boldbaatar Jigmidmaa1

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Vespid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) Batchuluun Buyanjargal1 and Boldbaatar Jigmidmaa1 © 2018 Journal compilation ISSN 1684-3908 (print edition) http://mjbs.num.edu.mn Mongolian Journal of Biological http://biotaxa.org./mjbs Sciences MJBS Volume 16(1), 2018 ISSN 2225-4994 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2018.16.01 Original Ar cle A Contribution to Insect Studies in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia: Vespid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) Batchuluun Buyanjargal1 and Boldbaatar Jigmidmaa1 1Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Key words: Vespidae, Ikh Nart Nature Reserve remains poorly studied for invertebrates, especially solitary wasps, Ikh for vespid wasps. A total of 14 vespid species belonging to seven genera of the Nart Nature Reserve, subfamily Eumeninae were recorded from diff erent habitats (rocky outcrops, Mongolia springs, tall vegetation habitats, shrub-lands and short grass steppes) in the nature reserve during three-year studies (2015-2017). These species represent 27 percent Article information: of the vespid fauna of the desert-steppe zone of Mongolia. We found the highest Received: 06 Nov. 2017 species richness in areas where water was available (near springs and wells), and Accepted: 05 Dec. 2017 the lowest richness in habitats with tall vegetation. Among the diff erent habitat Published online: types, vespid species composition was most similar (91% shared species) between 23 Dec. 2017 rocky outcrops and spring habitats. Six vespid species range from Kazakhstan to Mongolian, and one species is sub-endemic to Mongolia. Availability of water Correspondence: sources and nesting sites were possibly the main factors infl uencing the distribution b_buyanjargal@ of vespid wasps. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive research into the insect outlook.com community of Ikh Nart Nature Reserve. Cite this paper as: Buyanjargal, B. & Jigmidmaa, B. 2018. A contribution to insect studies in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia: Vespid wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Mong. J. Biol. Sci., 16(1): 3-9. Introduction Ikh Nart Nature Reserve protects areas in 2015; Reading et al., 2016; Jigmidmaa, 2017; Southeastern Mongolia for their specifi c natural Choidondov, 2017). However, no vespid landscapes, where semi-desert and desert-steppe wasp species were previously recorded in the habitats meet. The reserve also includes suitable published literature from the reserve. habitats for threatened and endangered species, The Vespidae (Hymenoptera) is a diverse and such as argali sheep (Ovis ammon) and ibex cosmopolitan family of wasps, including almost (Capra sibirica). all the known social wasps and many solitary Invertebrate studies in Ikh Nart remain in species. There are 100 species of vespid wasps their initial stages. A few bachelor and master recorded in Mongolia, which belong to 26 genera thesis studies (through the National University of and 4 subfamilies (Buyanjargal, 2016). From Mongolia), and short-term projects on diff erent these, 54 species are recorded in desert steppe groups of invertebrates have been conducted region of Mongolia where the study area is since 2007. Research to date has recorded 110 located (Buyanjargal & Gantigmaa, 2016). species of insects belonging to 29 families and This study aimed to determine the species 10 orders in Ikh Nart (Aibek, 2015; Altangerel, composition of vespid wasps in Ikh Nart Nature 3 4 Buyanjargal & Jigmidmaa. Vespid wasps of Ikh Nart Nature Reserve Reserve and to describe their habitat relations. pumila) in the drainages (Jackson et al., 2006). Sampling sites occurred throughout the Material and Methods reserve, but primarily in the north (Fig. 1) and are described in Table 1. The study area (Ikh Nart Natur reserve) is We collected a total of 277 vespid specimens located within territories of Dalanjargalan and within all the diff erent habitats in Ikh Nart Airag districts (soums) of Dornogovi province during the plant growing seasons of 2015 to (aimag), covering 667 hectares. The climatic 2017 using sweep nets and yellow cup traps conditions of Ikh Nart are relatively mild, (Moericke, 1951). We either dried collected resulting from its low altitude (1000–1300 m) specimens or preserved them in ethanol (70%), compared to higher areas of Mongolia (Reading prior to transporting them to the Laboratory et al., 2011). Mean annual precipitation is 100– of Entomology, Institute of General and 150 mm, mean annual temperature -1.9°C, and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of mean winter temperature is -21°C in December Sciences (MAS), for species identifi cation. We and summer temperature is 25°C in July. Mean used an Am binocular scope SM-3TZ-545-10M, annual wind speed varies between 0.7–1.3 m/ and the identifi cation keys by Kostylev (1940), sec (Reading et al., 2011; Schneider, 2014). Kurzenko (1978, 1995) and Kim & Yamane Ikh Nart lies at the junction of the steppe and (2001, 2009) for species identifi cation. Identifi ed desert-steppe ecosystems of Mongolia, contains specimens are deposited in the insect collection numerous rocky outcrops, and is dominated at the Institute of General and Experimental by short grasses, onion grasses (Allium spp.), Biology, MAS. Artemesia spp., shrubs, and Russian elms (Ulmus Because of diff erent sampling techniques and 108°30'0"E 109°0'0"E YY I Y ® II Y ?J Y Y J ? 45°40'0"N 45°40'0"N Y Y Legend ? Rocky outcrops I Tall vegetation habitats J Springs Y Shrublands Y Short grass steppes Y Y Ikh Nart Nature Reserve Aimag boundary 010205 45°20'0"N Soum boundary 45°20'0"N km 108°30'0"E Figure 1. Study area and the sampling habitats of vespid wasps. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 2018 Vol. 16 (1) 5 Table 1. Habitat descriptions of study sites in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, following Jackson et al., (2006). Habitat groups Description Rocky outcrops Areas characterized by outcrops of granitic and metamorphic rocks with sparse vegeta- tion (N45.6753 E108.5153; N45.7233 E108.6420; N45.7241 E108.6442) Springs This category includes wet ground surface with pebble and clay adjacent to fresh water springs and wells (N45.6920 E108.6067; N45.7236 E108.6437) Tall vegetation habitats Tall grasses and trees composed of mainly Achnatherum splendens, Ulmus pumila, Sa- lix ledeubouriana (N45.7809 E108.6101; N45.7323 E108.6211; N45.7372 E108.6161) Shrublands Areas dominated by shrubs and semi-shrub vegetation (e.g., Amygdalus pedunculata, Caragana pygmaea, Reaumuria soongorica, Salsola passerina) (N45.7258 E108.5981; N45.6082 E108.6392; N45.7805 E108.6610; N45.6639 E108.4903; N45.8146 E108.5863) Short grass steppes Areas containing mostly forbs (e.g., Allium polyrrhizum), and short grasses (e.g., Stipa gobica) (N45.407252 E108.8006; N45.4173 E108.8567; N45.7074 E108.6757; N45.5910 E108.6578) inconsistency of sampling, we only use presence/ Range analysis often reveals specifi c absence data. For estimation of species richness, features of the fauna in a certain area. We we used an incidence-based coverage estimator followed longitude-latitudinal approach by (ICE), Buyanjargal et al. (2016) for vespid species range determination. Latitudinal groups of ranges are groups of species with similar arrangements of boundaries relative to geographical zones where, Sfreq = number of frequent species and subzones. We allocated the longitude group (found in >10 samples), Sinfr = number of of ranges based on the ratio of species to the infrequent species (found in <10 samples), Q1 borders of the western, central and eastern = frequency of unique species (the number of sectors of the Palaearctic. species known from only one sample), and = estimated coeffi cient of variation of the Q1 for Results infrequent species (Lee & Chao, 1994). Species composition similarity between We found 14 species of vespid wasp species studied habitats was calculated using classic belonging to seven genera and one subfamily, Sørensen incidence-based similarity index, Eumeninae (Table 2). More common species included Ancistrocerus scoticus, Eumenes tripunctatus, Katamenes tauricus, Pseudepipona przewalskyi and where, A = number of species found in Pterocheilus sibiricus, which found from 3-5 both habitats, B = number of species only in diff erent habitats. Another fi ve vespid species fi rst habitat, C = number of species only in (A. raddei, Euodynerus notatus, K. radoskowski, second habitat. The Classic Sorensen similarity Ps. herrichi and Stenodynerus orenburgensis) index and ICE estimator were calculated with occurred only in certain habitats (Table 2). When EstimateSWin910. Based on the similarity considering species distributions, six species index, we built a dendrogram using Statistica (42.3% of the vespid fauna) have Kazakhstan to 5.5 for the habitats we studied. We transformed Mongolian ranges (Pt. sibiricus, Pt. quaesitus, the similarity matrix into a dissimilarity matrix Ps. przewalski, K. radoskowski, Eu. caspicus by subtracting similarity values from 1. We and E. mongolicus). Only one species, A. raddei, then used hierarchical method for clustering is sub-endemic to Mongolia, distributed only our results. From the X-axis of the dendrogram in the arid regions of Mongolia (Fig. 2) and dissimilarity distance could transferred northeastern China. Seven species have wide percent scale. For example, 0.1 means a 10% ranges from Palaearctic to the Holarctic. diff erence between the compared communities The highest species richness, both observed of the wasps. Alternatively, it also means 90% and using the ICE estimator, occurred in spring similarity
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