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The Solvik Au Mineralization in South Western Sweden

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The Solvik Au Mineralization in South Western Sweden UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG Department of Earth Sciences Geovetarcentrum/Earth Science Centre The Solvik Au mineralization in south western Sweden Ulf Christensson ISSN 1400-3821 B840 Master of Science (120 credits) thesis Göteborg 2015 Mailing address Address Telephone Telefax Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum 031-786 19 56 031-786 19 86 Göteborg University S 405 30 Göteborg Guldhedsgatan 5A S-405 30 Göteborg SWEDEN Abstract The Gold mineralization at Märrnäset peninsula in Solvik, south western Sweden has been studied in detail in terms of siting of gold, fracture mineralisations, and wall rock alteration. Sample preparation, petrographic studies, SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS analysis was carried out at the University of Gothenburg. In the Solvik mineralization, Au is mainly found in electrum (AuAg), either hosted as inclusions in pyrite or along fractures inside the pyrite, associated with chalcopyrite, bismuthinite, and galena. The fault zone hosting the mineralization was brecciated by three different quartz generations, and crystallization of electrum mainly occurred during the third stage. Wall rocks of phyllite and granite show strong K enrichment and Na leaching, indicating that the fault zone controlled a significant hydrothermal system. In the nearby Harnäs mine the, electrum crystallization is reported to have occurred already in the second quartz stage, associated with pyrite only, indicating that the siting of gold may vary between different fault systems in this region. Keywords: Solvik, Au, Pyrite, Quartz, LA-ICP-MS, SEM, ISSN:1400-3821 B840 2014 1 Sammanfattning Guldmineraliseringen på Märrnäset i Solvik, södra Västsverige har studerats i detalj med avseende på lokalisering av guld, sprickmineraliseringar och omvandlingar i sidoberg. Provförberedning, petrografiska studier, SEM - EDS och LA - ICP - MS-analys utfördes på Göteborgs universitet. I Solvik mineraliseringen är Au främst kopplat till elektrum (AuAg ), antingen som inneslutningar i pyrit eller längs sprickor inuti pyrit, associerade med kopparkis , vismutglans och blyglans. Förkastningen som kontrolerar mineraliseringen blev breccierad av tre olika kvarts generationer, och kristallisation av elektrum skedde främst under den tredje generationen. Sidoberget av fyllit och granit visar kraftig K anrikning och Na lakning, vilket indikerar att förkastningen kontrollerade ett betydande hydrotermalt system. I den närbelägna Harnäs gruvan uppges elektrum ha kristalliserat redan i den andra kvarts generation i association endast med pyrit, vilket tyder på att lokaliseringen av guld kan variera mellan olika förkastningssystem i området Nyckelord Solvik, Guld, Pyrit, Kvarts, LA-ICP-MS, SEM ISSN:1400-3821 B840 2014 2 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 5 Background ........................................................................................................................... 5 Geological Background ......................................................................................................... 5 Regional Geology .............................................................................................................. 5 Harnäs mine ...................................................................................................................... 6 Local Geology .................................................................................................................... 7 Rock lithologies .............................................................................................................. 7 Hydrotermal processes................................................................................................... 8 Epithermal systems ........................................................................................................ 8 Au in as Nano inclusions in pyrite ................................................................................... 9 Method .................................................................................................................................. 9 Sampling ............................................................................................................................ 9 Whole rock ......................................................................................................................... 9 Optical petrography............................................................................................................ 9 Analytical methods ................................................................................................................ 9 Scanning Electron Microscopy ........................................................................................... 9 Laser ablation inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) ....................... 9 Results .................................................................................................................................10 Petrography ......................................................................................................................10 Wall rock and veins in the Solvik area. ..........................................................................10 Host granite ......................................................................................................................12 SEM ..................................................................................................................................12 Whole rock ........................................................................................................................13 Result LA-ICP-MS ............................................................................................................13 Time resolved pyrite analysis ........................................................................................14 Time resolved analysis of Au grains ..............................................................................14 Discussion ............................................................................................................................14 Sitting of Au ......................................................................................................................14 Sitting of the Ag ................................................................................................................17 Alteration ..........................................................................................................................17 Host rock alteration. ......................................................................................................17 The relative ages of the different quartz veins, and the relation to the Au deposition, at Solvik. ...........................................................................................................................17 Recommendations for future exploration ...........................................................................18 3 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................................18 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................19 References .......................................................................................................................19 Appendix 1 ...........................................................................................................................20 Samples location. .................................................................................................................40 Spot positions for LA-ICP-MS ...............................................................................................42 4 Gothenburg Introduction Objectives The aim of this study was to provide geological Background information about the Au mineralization at Solvik, In 1956, Larsson and Sandgren first reported to gain a better understanding of the mineralization sulphide bearing boulders in the Märrnäset area forming processes, and to provide a guide for future which later have shown to contain Au. From 1956 exploration in the area. The thesis has four main to 2011 four different companies have carried out objectives: exploration in the area, and in 2011 the claim at the Märrnäset in Solvik was sold and is now currently Petrographic characterisation of the explored by Agnico Eagle Sweden. The area is mineralogy of the host rocks with situated 15 km northeast of Bengtsfors municipality emphasis on the altered and mineralized center, in Dalsland, south western Sweden (Fig. 1). rocks. Characterise the sitting of the gold. Identification and characterisation of the sulphides and oxides present and to Geological Background distinguish different pyrite generations. Try to date the mineralization by Regional Geology describing the occurrence and The western and eastern segments are divided from characteristics of zircon and/or other datable minerals (i.e. rutile, monazite). each other by the mylonite zone (Fig. 2) The western gneissic segment consists mainly of The project includes geochemical analysis and granitic gneiss with intrusion ages of 1.66-1.60 Ga petrographic studies, and all work was carried slightly younger than the granitic genesis of eastern
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