Raptor Report Autumn Migration, November 2015

Oriental Honey Buzzards, on migration over Tuas South Avenue 16, 9 Nov 15, by Tan Gim Cheong.

Summary for migrant species:

2,370 migrant raptors were recorded in November, a new record, thanks to the efforts of birders spending time out in the field under the warm weather. Of the 13 migrant raptor species counted, the Oriental Honey Buzzards made up the bulk with 2,174 birds, many passing through Tuas South on migration. The highest single day count was 894 OHB on 9 Nov, a new record and a spectacle witnessed by a few birders who took time out on a weekday to be there, and thanks in no small part to 'chief counter' Low Choon How, who had been keeping a lookout for the migrating raptors at Tuas. The previous record was 745 birds, coincidentally also on 9 Nov, two years ago. Only 1 torquatus OHB, an adult male was recorded at on the 28th.

A very rare Besra on migration over Sisters' Islands on the morning of the 13th was photographed by Jacky Soh, and seen by a few lucky companions. Another rarity, the Greater Spotted Eagle was recorded twice at Tuas South Ave 16; the first on 2 Nov, photographed by Koh Lian Heng as it flew over, close by the road; the second on 11 Nov, photographed by and delighting four birders as it flew over at a distance, though giving clear views.

Zahidi Hamid posted a photo of a small flock of OHB flying over Telok Blangah Hill Park on the 16th, scrutinizing the photo I noticed a raptor with a different 'jizz' amongst the OHBs - it turned out to be an adult Jerdon's Baza, the only record for the month. The Common Kestrel, a rarity, was recorded on the 28th at Tuas South.

Page 1 of 16 Another highlight was a nocturnal raptor, the Northern Boobook, 3 of which were recorded, 2 birds on the 9th and another on the 16th. A juvenile Eastern Marsh Harrier was photographed on the 5th and a male on the 14th, both at Changi, a site that is fast being lost to construction works to expand the airport. The first record of the Booted Eagle was on the 10th at Coney Island, subsequent sightings at nearby Seletar North Link were probably of the same individual.

Ten Peregrine Falcons were recorded, amongst them an ernesti that returned to tall buildings at Church Street, enjoying the feral pigeons for lunch and dinner, literally! Two Ospreys were recorded on the northern coast between Sungei Buloh and Coney Island while another was on migration through Tuas. Also recorded were 26 Black Bazas, 8 Chinese Sparrowhawks and 138 Japanese Sparrowhawks, mostly on migration.

Besra, adult female, at Sisters' Islands, 13 Nov 15, by Jacky Soh.

Highlights for sedentary species:

November was an exceptional month for the Crested Serpent Eagle with 3 individuals recorded; two at on morning of the 21st, recorded by Alan OwYong & Keita Sin; and the third at the Botanic Gardens on the 26th, photographed by Sox Tok. For the Grey-headed Fish Eagle, the nesting pair at Little Guilin has had to start feeding an extra mouth starting from late November; another 2 adults were at the Botanic Gardens, 1 adult at Punggol Waterway, 1 juvenile at Kent Ridge Park and 1 at . Six Crested Goshawks were recorded, three of them juveniles, a good indication of successful breeding.

One juvenile Brahminy Kite photographed by Francis Yap at Changi on the 14th lost most of its secondaries and many of its primaries, some of the remaining primaries also seemed damaged. It was not clear whether it was due to an extreme case of moult, or the result of fights, or possibly a combination of the two. Nevertheless, it was amazing that the bird could still fly given the state of its flight feathers. The White-bellied Sea Eagle, Changeable Hawk-Eagle and Black-winged Kite completed the roundup for the month.

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Brahminy Kite, juvenile, it is amazing that the bird could still fly! At Changi, 14 Nov 15, by Francis Yap.

Table 1 S/N Species No. S/N Species No. 1 Osprey 3 Residents / Sedentary Species 2 Jerdon's Baza 1 14 Black-winged Kite 8 3 Black Baza 26 15 Brahminy Kite 16 4 Oriental Honey Buzzard 2174 16 White-bellied Sea Eagle 18 5 Eastern Marsh Harrier 2 17 Grey-headed Fish Eagle 8 6 Chinese Sparrowhawk 8 18 Crested Serpent Eagle 3 7 Japanese Sparrowhawk 138 19 Crested Goshawk 6 8 Besra 1 20 Changeable Hawk-Eagle 17 9 Greater Spotted Eagle 2 10 Booted Eagle 1 Unidentified 11 Common Kestrel 1 21 Unidentified Raptors 47 12 Peregrine Falcon 10 22 Unidentified Accipiters 21 13 Northern Boobook 3 Total for Migrants 2370 Grand Total 2514

Page 3 of 16 1. Osprey Pandion haliaetus (3)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 2 1 Seletar North Link, flying with a fish in its claws, Zahidi Hamid just before sunset 5 1 Coney Island, 11:44am Kerry Pereira 10 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve Raphael Siah 10 1 Seletar Dam, evening Zahidi Hamid 11 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Henrietta Woo 10:52am - 10:58am 11 1 Tuas South Avenue 16, flying south, noon Tan Gim Cheong, See Toh Yew Wai, John Spencer, Francis Yap

2. Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni (1)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 16 1 Kent Ridge Park, adult, flying with a flock of Zahidi Hamid Oriental Honey Buzzards, 9am - 10am, before rain

3. Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes (26)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 4 13 Tuas South Ave 16 Tan Gim Cheong 5 2 Lorong Halus Wetlands, 12:05pm Kerry Pereira 9 1 Admiralty Park, 12:45pm - 1:25pm Tan Kok Hui 10 2 Coney Island, morning Tan Kok Hui 10 4 Lorong Halus Wetlands, 7am - 10am Lim Kim Seng 10 1 Punggol Road, 1:42pm Kerry Pereira 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 17 1 Kent Ridge Park Yap Euhian 19 1 Pasir Ris Park Ted Lee 21 3 Turut Track, 7:15am - 8:45am Tan Kok Hui, Con Foley, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

4. Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus (2174) orientalis unless indicated otherwise

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 4 Seletar, flying southeast, at least 2 juveniles, Jacky Soh 12:50pm 1 10 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 12:50pm - 1:30pm Low Choon How 3 21 Tuas South, flying northeast, 1pm Low Choon How 4 68 Tuas South Ave 16, 9:30am - 2pm Tan Gim Cheong 4 18 Tuas South, flying northeast, 1pm Low Choon How 5 1 Toa Payoh East, male orientalis pale morph Henrietta Woo 8:15am

Page 4 of 16 5 1 Tanah Merah grasslands, juvenile dark morph Lee Tiah Khee orientalis, morning 5 57 Tuas South, flying northeast & southeast, 10am- Low Choon How 1:30pm 5 62 Tuas South Ave 1, aged 20 birds - 19 juveniles & Tan Gim Cheong 1 adult male, flying easterly, 11:15am - 14:15pm 6 19 Tuas South, 10am-1pm Low Choon How 6 125 Tuas South Ave 14, aged 30 birds - all juveniles, Tan Gim Cheong all flying eastsoutheast except 18 flying south, 1pm-3pm 6 40 Pioneer Road, late afternoon Christopher McCallum 7 3 Jurong, 3 orientalis juvenile, 9am Ling Kwee Chang 7 7 Tuas South Ave 16, flying east to southeast, Nicholas Tan 9:55am - 11am 8 1 Singapore, juvenile orientalis Leslie Fung 9 894 Tuas South Ave 16, Low Choon How & 270 before 1300h, 624 from 1300h to 1525h; Tan Gim Cheong largest group of 160 before 1200h 9 1 CBD, adult male orientalis Mrs Tony James 10 1 Changi, adult female orientalis Nicholas Tan 11 40 Tuas South Ave 16, morning before 10:45am John Spencer 11 33 Tuas South Ave 16, 10:45am - 1:30pm Tan Gim Cheong 11 15 Tuas Low Choon How 12 1 Telok Blangah Hill Park, juvenile rufous Zahidi Hamid orientalis, 8:15am - 11:15am 12 2 Admiralty Park, 12:40pm - 1:20pm Tan Kok Hui 13 18 Telok Blangah Hill Park, flying from the west, Zahidi Hamid 8:15am - 11:15am 13 3 Big Sister's Island, flying southeast, 8:20am - 9am Albert Low 14 1 Seletar North Link, adult female orientalis, Zahidi Hamid morning 14 5 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 15 1 Pekan Quarry, Francis Yap 16 32 Kent Ridge Park, 9am - 10am, before rain Zahidi Hamid 17 8 Tuas South, noon Low Choon How 17 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 18 9 Tuas South, noon Low Choon How 19 406 Tuas South, flying northeast, 12:25pm - 1pm Low Choon How 19 2 Bidadari Joseph Tan Kok Beng 19 2 Pasir Ris Park, 2 juveniles, 1 dark & 1 pale morph Ted Lee 20 2 Chinese Garden, 1 adult female pale morph, 1 Philip Toh juvenile pale morph, both orientalis 21 1 Toa Payoh East, orientalis, 7:45am Henrietta Woo 21 9 Kent Ridge Park, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin 21 1 Seletar North Link, juvenile pale orientalis, late Zahidi Hamid morning 21 215 Tuas South, 10am - 1pm Tan Kok Hui, Con Foley, Danny Lau, Lau

Page 5 of 16 Jia Sheng, Francis Yap, Low Choon How & See Toh Yew Wai 22 1 , carpark D5, juvenile dark morph, Sox Tok 1pm 23 1 Lorong Halus Wetlands, juvenile rufous morph Alvin Seng 25 20 Tuas Chan Boon Hong 27 6 Lornie Road and Sime Road junction, flying high, Nicholas Tan 9:30am 28 1 Pasir Ris Park, torquatus adult male, morning Jacky Soh 28 5 Tuas South, 9:30am - 3pm Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

5. Eastern Marsh Harrier Circus spilonotus (2)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 5 1 Changi grasslands, juvenile, morning Lee Tiah Khee 14 1 Changi grasslands, male Tan Kok Hui

Eastern Marsh Harrier, Changi grasslands, 5 Nov 15, by Lee Tiah Khee

6. Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis (8)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 2 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 12:50pm - 1:30pm Low Choon How 10 1 Coney Island, adult, morning Tan Kok Hui 10 1 Lorong Halus Wetlands, adult male, 7am - 10am Lim Kim Seng

Page 6 of 16 13 1 Big Sister's Island, juvenile, flying southeast, Albert Low 8:20am - 9am 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 16 2 Kent Ridge Park, juveniles, 9am - 10am, before Zahidi Hamid rain

7. Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis (138)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By early 1 Tuas, one-eyed (left) juvenile Francis Yap 1 1 Seletar, noon Jacky Soh 1 15 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 12:50pm - 1:30pm Low Choon How 2 1 Seletar North Link, juvenile, just before sunset Zahidi Hamid 4 14 Tuas South Ave 16 Tan Gim Cheong 5 5 Tuas South Ave 1, all juveniles, flying easterly Tan Gim Cheong 5 7 Tuas, flying northeasterly, 10am-1:30pm Low Choon How 6 7 Tuas South Ave 14, 6 juveniles, 1 adult male, Tan Gim Cheong flying eastsoutheasterly 6 4 Tuas, 10am-1pm Low Choon How 6 1 Bidadari, juvenile, evening Koh Jian Haur 7 2 Tuas South Ave 16, flying east to southeast, Nicholas Tan 9:55am - 11am 9 20 Tuas South Ave 16 Low Choon How & Tan Gim Cheong 11 22 Tuas South Ave 16, 10:45am - 1:30pm Tan Gim Cheong 12 3 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 8:15am - 11:15am Zahidi Hamid 12 1 Lorong Halus Wetlands Joseph Tan Kok Beng 13 1 Telok Blangah Hill Park, flying from the west, Zahidi Hamid 8:15am - 11:15am 14 3 Seletar North Link, 7:30am - 11:30am Zahidi Hamid 14 1 Changi grasslands, juvenile Lee Tiah Khee 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 15 1 Hume Avenue, female hunting and catching a Ulf Remahl small bird in a garden 17 1 Kent Ridge Park, adult female, chasing a juvenile Zahidi Hamid Crested Goshawk 18 1 Venus Drive, juvenile Johnny Wee 19 1 Wilton Close, Tanglin Halt, juvenile Anon. 21 1 Kent Ridge Park, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin 21 21 Tuas South, all juveniles, 10am - 1pm Tan Kok Hui, Con Foley, Danny Lau, Lau Jia Sheng, Low Choon How, Francis Yap & See Toh Yew Wai 24 1 Satay By The Bay, juvenile Alvin Seng 25 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui

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Japanese Sparrowhawk, juvenile, at Changi grasslands, 14 Nov 15, by Lee Tiah Khee.

8. Besra Accipiter virgatus (1)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 13 1 Big Sister's Island, adult female, flying southeast, Albert Low & 8:20am - 9am Jacky Soh

9. Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga (2)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 2 1 Tuas South Avenue 16, juvenile, 11am plus, Koh Lian Heng mobbed by 2 crows 11 1 Tuas South Avenue 16, juvenile, noon Tan Gim Cheong, Francis Yap, See Toh Yew Wai, John Spencer

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Greater Spotted Eagle, at Tuas South Avenue 16, 2 Nov 15, by Koh Lian Heng.

10. Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus (1)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 10 1 Coney Island, juvenile dark morph, morning Tan Kok Hui 14 1 Seletar North Link, 7:30am - 11:30am Zahidi Hamid 15 1 Seletar North Link Zahidi Hamid 21 1 Seletar North Link, late morning Zahidi Hamid

11. Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (1)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 28 1 Tuas South, 9:30am - 3pm Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

12. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus (10)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 6 1 Tuas South Ave 14, juvenile Tan Gim Cheong 10 1 Kranji NSRCC, adult John Ang 13 1 Capital Square, Church Street, roof top, ernesti Lee Ee Ling feeding on feral pigeon, 11:55am - 12:30pm and again at 5:50pm 14 1 Tuas West Drive, juvenile, 11:24am Nicholas Tan 14 1 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 21 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve Adrian Gopal

Page 9 of 16 22 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve Adrian Gopal 24 1 Jurong East, juvenile, dusk Che Hian 28 1 Tuas South, juvenile, 9:30am - 3pm Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng 28 2 , mobbing WBSE, 5pm Low Choon How

13. Northern Boobook Ninox japonica (3)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 9 2 Tuas South Low Choon How, See Toh Yew Wai 17 1 Tuas South Low Choon How

Northern Boobook, Tuas South, 9 Nov 15, Northern Boobook, Tuas South, 17 Nov 15, by Tan Gim Cheong by Tan Gim Cheong

Page 10 of 16 Resident raptors

14. Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus (8)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 2 Seletar, noon Jacky Soh 1 2 Tuas South Ave 16, mobbed a Changeable Hawk- See Toh Yew Wai Eagle 4 2 Tuas South Ave 16, adults Tan Gim Cheong 10 1 Lorong Halus Wetlands, 7am - 10am Lim Kim Seng 10 1 Punggol Road, 1:42pm Kerry Pereira 14 2 Seletar North Link, 7:30am - 11:30am Zahidi Hamid 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 28 3 Tuas South Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

15. Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus (16)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 2 Seletar, noon Jacky Soh 1 1 PIE Upper Serangoon Road exit, 6:08pm Kerry Pereira 1 1 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 12:50pm - 1:30pm Low Choon How 3 1 Coney Island, 12:34pm Kerry Pereira 4 2 Tuas South Ave 16, adults Tan Gim Cheong 5 2 Coney Island, 11:44am Kerry Pereira 10 2 Coney Island, adults, morning Tan Kok Hui 10 2 , 1 adult & 1 juvenile, Kerry Pereira 10:56am 10 1 Coney Island, 11:03am Kerry Pereira 10 2 Punggol Road, 1:42pm Kerry Pereira 10 2 Kranji NSRCC, 6pm - 7pm John Ang 11 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, juvenile, 10:44am Henrietta Woo 14 1 Seletar North Link, 7:30am - 11:30am Zahidi Hamid 14 1 Changi, juvenile that lost many flight feathers Francis Yap 14 5 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 19 1 Eco Green Alvin Seng 21 1 Kent Ridge Park, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin 22 1 Bidadari Henrietta Woo 28 3 Tuas South Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

16. White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (18)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 1 Seletar, noon Jacky Soh 4 2 Tuas South Ave 16, adults Tan Gim Cheong 5 1 Tuas South Ave 1, adult Tan Gim Cheong 7 2 Dairy Farm Peng Ah Huay & Doreen Ang

Page 11 of 16 7 2 Woodlands Town Garden, adults Nicholas Tan 8 1 SAFRA Jurong, 5:07pm Kerry Pereira 9 2 Sungei Serangoon next to Punggol East Sarah Martens 10 1 Punggol Waterway Park, juvenile, 10:13am Kerry Pereira 10 1 Coney Island, adult, morning Tan Kok Hui 10 6 Kranji NSRCC, 6pm - 7pm John Ang 13 2 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 14 1 Dairy Farm, immature Yap Euhian 14 1 Seletar North Link, juvenile, 7:30am - 11:30am Zahidi Hamid 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 17 1 Sarimbun Scout Camp, juvenile, 5:49pm Sox Tok 20 3 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 21 2 Kent Ridge Park, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin 26 2 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 28 1 Singapore Quarry, juvenile, around 9am Ulf Remahl 28 1 West Coast Park, mobbed by 2 Peregrine Falcons, Low Choon How 5pm 28 1 Japanese Garden, immature Nicholas Tan 28 2 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui

17. Grey-headed Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (8)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 9 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, Swan Lake, adults Nicholas Tan 10 2 (Little Guilin), a pair at Ulf Remahl nest, morning 21 1 Kent Ridge Park, juvenile, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin 26 3 Bukit Batok Town Park (Little Guilin), a pair at Ulf Remahl nest with chick, morning 26 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 27 3 Bukit Batok Town Park (Little Guilin), a pair at Yap Euhian nest with chick 27 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 28 1 Punggol Waterway Park, adult Alvin Seng

18. Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (3)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 21 2 Kent Ridge Park, morning Alan OwYong & Keita Sin "The first Crested Serpent Eagle came up and flew straight to the east while the other circled over Haw Par Villa for a while."

26 1 Singapore Botanic Gardens, in flight, 10:06am Sox Tok, Henrietta Woo & Albert Low

Page 12 of 16 19. Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus (6)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 1 Telok Blangah Hill Park, juvenile, 12:50pm - Low Choon How 1:30pm 6 1 Bidadari, juvenile, eating Javan Myna, afternoon Leslie Fung 12 1 Mount Imbiah, Sentosa, "singing", 7:30am Albert Low 15 1 Bidadari, juvenile Saravanan Krishnamurthy 17 1 Kent Ridge Park, juvenile, chased by an adult Zahidi Hamid female Japanese Sparrowhawk 23 1 Kent Ridge Park, adult, morning Yap Euhian 29 1 Nanyang Technological University, adult Low Choon How Last 1 Kovan, juvenile Raj Bhatt week

Crested Goshawk, juvenile, at Bidadari, 6 Nov 15, by Leslie Fung

20. Changeable Hawk-eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus (17)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 1 1 Seletar, noon Jacky Soh 1 2 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 1 pale & 1 dark morph, Low Choon How 12:50pm - 1:30pm 1 1 Tuas South Ave 16, dark morph, mobbed by a pair See Toh Yew Wai of Black-winged Kites 2 1 Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, dark morph Lim Kim Keang

Page 13 of 16 4 1 Bidadari, pale morph Frankie Lim 5 1 Bidadari, dark morph, afternoon Leslie Fung 5 1 Tuas South Ave 1, juvenile pale morph Tan Gim Cheong 5 1 Coney Island, dark morph, 11:44am Kerry Pereira 6 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 7 1 Dairy Farm Peng Ah Huay & Doreen Ang 8 1 Bidadari, dark morph Saravanan Krishnamurthy 8 1 Bidadari, dark morph Yuan Zhifa 9 1 Admiralty Park, pale morph, 12:45pm - 1:25pm Tan Kok Hui 10 1 Lorong Halus Wetlands, dark morph, 7am - 10am Lim Kim Seng 10 1 Punggol Waterway Park, dark morph, 10:13am Kerry Pereira 14 1 Chestnut Avenue, dark morph Lim Kim Seng 14 2 Changi grasslands Tan Kok Hui 16 1 Bidadari, dark morph Alvin Seng 18 1 Dairy Farm, pale morph adult Suressh Surenthiraraj 19 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 21 1 Seletar North Link, dark morph, late morning Zahidi Hamid 22 1 Bidadari, heard only Henrietta Woo 24 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 25 1 Admiralty Park Tan Kok Hui 27 1 Bidadari, juvenile pale morph Alvin Seng 28 1 Jurong Eco Garden, adult pale morph Nicholas Tan 28 2 Dairy Farm MOE Adventure Centre, pale morphs, Ulf Remahl 10am 28 2 Tuas South, 1 pale and 1 dark morph Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng 29 1 Changi, dark morph Nicholas Tan

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Changeable Hawk-eagle, juvenile pale morph, at Bidadari, 27 Nov 15, by Alvin Seng

21. Unidentified Raptors (47)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 5 1 Coney Island, suspect Grey-headed Fish Eagle Kerry Pereira 19 46 Tuas South, in a flock Low Choon How

22. Unidentified Accipiters (21)

Date No. Location and Details Reported By 4 4 Tuas South Ave 16 Tan Gim Cheong 10 1 Tuas South Lau Jia Sheng 11 4 Tuas South Ave 16, 10:45am - 1:30pm Tan Gim Cheong 12 4 Telok Blangah Hill Park, 8:15am - 11:15am Zahidi Hamid 18 1 Tuas South, noon Low Choon How 21 1 Bidadari Cyrena Lin

Page 15 of 16 21 3 Tuas South, 10am - 1pm Tan Kok Hui, Con Foley, Danny Lau, Lau Jia Sheng, Low Choon How, Francis Yap & See Toh Yew Wai 28 3 Tuas South, 9:30am - 3pm Tan Kok Hui, Danny Lau & Lau Jia Sheng

Compiled by Tan Gim Cheong

Note: The numbers in brackets beside the bird names indicates the total number seen for this month. Different reports of the same raptors from the same area have been discounted to avoid duplication.

Many thanks to everyone who had reported their sightings in one way or another, and especially to Jacky Soh, Francis Yap, Lee Tiah Khee, Koh Lian Heng, Leslie Fung and Alvin Seng for the use of their photos.

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