DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Public Health Organizations in Addressing Public Health Problems in Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Public Health Organizations in Addressing Public Health Problems in Europe 51 Growing levels of obesity (including among children), continued harmful consumption of alcohol, O E and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are some of the greatest contemporary d R The role of public i t 51 e challenges to the health of European populations. While their magnitude varies from country to G d s y A country, all are looking for policy options to contain these threats to population health. b c e i i y health organizations N l r : o e It is clear that public health organizations must play a part in any response, and that intersectoral B I P S e Z action beyond the health system is needed. What is less clear, however, is what role public health h r t n A in addressing public l organizations currently play in addressing these problems. d a T e R I H e This is the gap that this volume aims to fill. It is based on detailed country reports from nine O c h N health problems in Europe European countries (England, France, Germany, Italy, the Republic of Moldova, the Netherlands, e l Poland, Slovenia and Sweden) on the involvement of public health organizations in addressing , A E N obesity, alcohol and antimicrobial resistance. These reports explore the power and influence of l k The case of obesity, alcohol e D public health organizations vis-a-vis other key actors in each of the stages of the policy cycle J a (problem identification and issue recognition, policy formulation, decision-making, implementation, F and antimicrobial resistance k u and monitoring and evaluation). I b N o A A cross-country comparison assesses the involvement of public health organizations in the nine w Edited by: s N countries covered. It outlines the scale of the problem, describes the policy responses, and explores k i Bernd Rechel C , the role of public health organizations in addressing these three public health challenges. M I Anna Maresso a N This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems r t G i Anna Sagan and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It n M accompanies two other Observatory publications: Organization and financing of public health services O Cristina Hernández-Quevedo c F in Europe and Organization and financing of public health services in Europe: country reports . K e Erica Richardson P e , U E Elke Jakubowski l B The editors l e L n Martin McKee I Bernd Rechel is Research Officer at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, N C o Ellen Nolte based at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. l t H e Anna Maresso is Research Officer at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. E A Anna Sagan is Research Officer at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, L based at the London School of Economics and Political Science. T H Cristina Hernández-Quevedo is Research Officer at the European Observatory on Health Systems S and Policies, based at the London School of Economics and Political Science. E Erica Richardson is Research Officer at the European Observatory on Health Systems and R V I Policies, based at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. C Elke Jakubowski is Senior Advisor for Policy and Strategy at the Division of Health Systems E and Public Health for the WHO Regional Office for Europe, based in Copenhagen. S I Martin McKee is Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical N Medicine and Research Director at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. E U Ellen Nolte is Professor of Health Services and Systems Research and was previously hub R coordinator for the London hubs of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. O P E Health Policy Series No. 51 9 7 www.healthobservatory.eu 8 9 2 8 9 0 5 1 7 1 2 The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies supports and promotes evidence- based health policy-making through comprehensive and rigorous analysis of health systems in Europe. It brings together a wide range of policy-makers, academics and practitioners to analyse trends in health reform, drawing on experience from across Europe to illuminate policy issues. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies is a partnership between the WHO Regional Office for Europe; the Governments of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy; the European Commission; the World Bank; UNCAM (French National Union of Health Insurance Funds); the London School of Economics and Political Science; and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London (at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe The case of obesity, alcohol and antimicrobial resistance Edited by Bernd Rechel Anna Maresso Anna Sagan Cristina Hernández-Quevedo Erica Richardson Elke Jakubowski Martin McKee Ellen Nolte European on Health Systems and Policies a partnership hosted by WHO iv The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe Keywords: Public Health Government Agencies Obesity - prevention and control Alcohol Drinking - prevention and control Drug Resistance, Microbial Europe © World Health Organization 2018 (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) All rights reserved. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Address requests about publications to: Publications, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its partners. ISBN 978 92 890 5171 2 Printed in the United Kingdom Cover design by M2M Contents List of figures, tables and boxes vii List of contributors ix Acknowledgements xiii Part I Cross-country analysis 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Bernd Rechel, Elke Jakubowski, Martin McKee, Ellen Nolte Chapter 2 Obesity 13 Cristina Hernández-Quevedo, Bernd Rechel Chapter 3 Alcohol 47 Anna Sagan, Bernd Rechel Chapter 4 Antimicrobial resistance 67 Saskia Nahrgang, Ellen Nolte, Bernd Rechel Chapter 5 Key policy lessons 93 Bernd Rechel, Elke Jakubowski, Martin McKee, Ellen Nolte Part II Country reports 105 List of figures, tables and boxes Figures Fig. 1.1 Key stages of the policy cycle 11 Fig. 2.1 Age-standardized prevalence of overweight (defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in people aged 18 years and over, WHO estimates, 2010 and 2016 (%) 14 Fig. 2.2 Age-standardized prevalence of obesity (defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) in people aged 18 years and over, WHO estimates, 2010 and 2016 (%) 15 Fig. 3.1 Total adult per capita consumption of alcohol (in litres of pure alcohol) in selected EU member states and the Republic of Moldova, 1990–2014 48 Fig. 3.2 Consumption of alcohol (in litres of pure alcohol) in selected EU member states and the Republic of Moldova, 2014 48 Fig. 3.3 Trends in recorded consumption of beer, wine and spirits in selected EU member states and the Republic of Moldova, 1970–2013 49 Fig. 4.1 Percentage of invasive isolates of S. aureus with resistance to methicillin (MRSA) (A) and percentage of invasive isolates of E. coli with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (B), by country, EU/EEA countries, 2015–2016 70 Fig. 4.2 Consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) in the community in eight European countries, 2016 72 Fig. 4.3 Sales, in tonnes of active ingredient, of veterinary antimicrobial agents in eight European countries, 2015 73 Fig. 4.4 Policy framework for sustainable access to effective antimicrobials 80 Tables
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Oil and Gas Law Review
    The Oil and Gas Law Review Second Edition Editor Christopher B Strong Law Business Research The Oil and Gas Law Review The Oil and Gas Law Review Reproduced with permission from Law Business Research Ltd. This article was first published in The Oil and Gas Law Review - Edition 2 (published in November 2014 – editor Christopher Strong). For further information please email [email protected] The Oil and Gas Law Review Second Edition Editor Christopher B Strong Law Business Research Ltd THE LAW REVIEWS THE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS REVIEW THE RESTRUCTURING REVIEW THE PRIVATE COMPETITION ENFORCEMENT REVIEW THE DISPUTE RESOLUTION REVIEW THE EMPLOYMENT LAW REVIEW THE PUBLIC COMPETITION ENFORCEMENT REVIEW THE BANKING REGULATION REVIEW THE INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION REVIEW THE MERGER CONTROL REVIEW THE TECHNOLOGY, MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVIEW THE INWARD INVESTMENT AND INTERNATIONAL TAXATION REVIEW THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REVIEW THE CORPORATE IMMIGRATION REVIEW THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS REVIEW THE PROJECTS AND CONSTRUCTION REVIEW THE INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS REVIEW THE REAL ESTATE LAW REVIEW THE PRIVATE EQUITY REVIEW THE ENERGY REGULATION AND MARKETS REVIEW THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REVIEW THE ASSET MANAGEMENT REVIEW THE PRIVATE WEALTH AND PRIVATE CLIENT REVIEW THE MINING LAW REVIEW THE EXECUTIVE REMUNERATION REVIEW THE ANTI-BRIBERY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION REVIEW THE CARTELS AND LENIENCY REVIEW THE TAX DISPUTES AND LITIGATION REVIEW THE LIFE SCIENCES LAW REVIEW THE INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE LAW REVIEW THE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Health Systems in Transition, Netherlands Vol.18 No.2 2016
    Health Systems in Transition Vol. 18 No. 2 2016 Netherlands Health system review Madelon Kroneman • Wienke Boerma Michael van den Berg • Peter Groenewegen Judith de Jong • Ewout van Ginneken Ewout van Ginneken (Editor) and Reinhard Busse (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Martin McKee, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom Elias Mossialos, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom Ellen Nolte, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Ewout van Ginneken, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Series coordinator Gabriele Pastorino, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Editorial team Jonathan Cylus, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Cristina Hernández-Quevedo, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Marina Karanikolos, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Anna Maresso, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies David McDaid, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Sherry Merkur, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Dimitra Panteli, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Wilm Quentin, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Bernd Rechel, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Erica Richardson, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Anna Sagan, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
    [Show full text]
  • Asylum Trends June 2014
    Asylum Trends Monthly Report on Asylum Applications in The Netherlands and Europe June 20 14 6yU rq HuySr 6y6yvphvv UurIrur yhqhq@ r Er Ey DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r"DI9D68#6yU rqEr 8yu Uvyr 6yU rq Tivyr HuySr 6y6yvphvvurIrur yhqhq@ r+ Er 6u Hvv sTrp vhqEvpr Dvt hvhqIh hyvhvTr vpr"DI9# DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r"DI9D68# 9 ,C,8yvwyhh'/'YGSvwvwx Qi//CWSvwvwx DI9D685vq,vrw,y Qhtvh'h DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r"DI9D68#6yU rqEr 8r 8yu6' Av hyhyvphvvUurIrur yhq6 SrrhrqhyhyvphvvUurIrur yhq68 Ahvy rvsvphvvurIrur yhq"8pvy9v rpvr'9/89@88uhr W#6: Vhpphvrqv hyrrxr vurIrur yhq6/ Huysv hyhyvphvvurIrur yhqv6< Huyhyhyvphvvur@V+I hhqTvr yhq'96 Huyhyhyvphvvur@VHh'6 vy6 T !" #$% Iir ssv hyhyvphvph rqp h rh+yhvhqB9Qv'6 Iir ssv hyhyvphvv' ryhrqp h rhvr6 Iir ssv hyhyvphvv' ryhrqyhvvr6' Iir ssv hyhyvphvv' ryhrqB9Qvr6 Pr vrshyyvqvph sp vr ryhrqir ssv hyhyvphvv'6 Qhtvhh DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r"DI9D68#6yU rqEr First asylum applications in the Netherlands Source: INDiGO Top-10 last twelve months first asylum applications in the Netherlands 2013 2014 Total Total Last 12 2013 Nationality Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 2014 months 2.673 Syria 165 197 212 322 373 413 397 525 393 465 719 685 894 3.681 5.595 978 Eritrea 27 76 124 120 165 133 101 175 80 94 1.080 1.860 203 3.492 4.211 3.078 Somalia 308 289 220 353 255 329 288 153 283 139 117 56 29 777 2.511 216 Stateless * 9 16 18 62 61 22 63 47 94 117 271 191 783 971 1.094 Iraq 63 103
    [Show full text]
  • Multiculturalism and Citizenship in the Netherlands 102
    Multiculturalism and Citizenship in the Netherlands 102 Igor Boog Contents Introduction: Multiculturalism and Multicultural Citizenship ................................. 1994 Perspectives on National Belonging ........................................................... 1996 National Belonging in the Netherlands: Policies and Debates . ............................... 1998 Perspectives on Social Equality ................................................................ 2001 Social Equality in the Netherlands: Policies and Debates ..................................... 2004 Perspectives on Cultural Distinctiveness ....................................................... 2005 Cultural Distinctiveness in the Netherlands: Policies and Debates ............................ 2007 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 2009 Cross-References ............................................................................... 2011 References ...................................................................................... 2011 Abstract In this chapter, it is argued that to understand the current debates about cultural diversity in the Netherlands, several historical developments have to be taken into account. One development is the contradictory conception of the nation-state, which includes inclusive as well as exclusive criteria for national belonging. Another development is the changing pattern of migration, resulting in an increase of cultural diversity in Dutch society. Finally, the debates
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Flood Exposure in the Netherlands
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1245–1255, 2014 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/14/1245/2014/ doi:10.5194/nhess-14-1245-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Increasing flood exposure in the Netherlands: implications for risk financing B. Jongman, E. E. Koks, T. G. Husby, and P. J. Ward Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Correspondence to: B. Jongman ([email protected]) Received: 19 December 2013 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 9 January 2014 Revised: 5 April 2014 – Accepted: 17 April 2014 – Published: 23 May 2014 Abstract. The effectiveness of disaster risk management and and 2012 (Munich Re, 2013). For many world regions, re- financing mechanisms depends on an accurate assessment of search suggests that the main driver of increases in observed current and future hazard exposure. The increasing availabil- flood losses over the past few decades is increased physi- ity of detailed data offers policy makers and the insurance cal and economic exposure (i.e. the assets and values lo- sector new opportunities to understand trends in risk, and to cated in flood-prone areas), due to the growth of popula- make informed decisions on ways to deal with these trends. tion and wealth in flood-prone areas (e.g. Field et al., 2012; In this paper we show how comprehensive property level Bouwer, 2013; Hallegatte et al., 2013; Jongman et al., 2014). information can be used for the assessment of exposure to The increasing costs of flood disasters have large nega- flooding on a national scale, and how this information pro- tive economic and political consequences in many countries vides valuable input to discussions on possible risk financing (Bouwer et al., 2007; Mechler et al., 2010), and challenge the practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Reportsurveillance of Influenza and Other Respiratory Infections In
    Annual report Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2014/2015 Annual report Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2014/2015 A.C. Teirlinck1 L. van Asten1 P.S. Brandsema1 F. Dijkstra1 G.A. Donker2 S.M. Euser1,3 A.B. van Gageldonk-Lafeber1 M. Hooiveld1,2 M.M.A. de Lange1 A. Meijer4 E. Slump1 W. van der Hoek1 1. Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 2. NIVEL (Netherlands institute for health services research), Utrecht 3. Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem 4. Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven Colophon RIVM report number: 2015-0042 Contact: Anne Teirlinck: [email protected] Cover picture: Thinkstock This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS), within the framework of the project ‘Epidemiologie en surveillance van Respiratoire infecties’, project number V/150207/15/RI. Report prepared by: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment with contributions of: NIC Erasmus MC NIVEL CBS KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation BEL/ Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem A publication by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) P.O. Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/en All rights reserved © 2015 RIVM-CIb-EPI Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, along with the title and year of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Asylum Trends Monthly Report on Asylum Applications in the Netherlands and Europe
    Asylum Trends Monthly Report on Asylum Applications in The Netherlands and Europe DecemberDecember 2013 2014 IND Information and Analysis Centre (INDIAC) | Asylum Trends December 2014 Colophon Title Asylum Trends Subtitle Monthly Report on Asylum Applications in the Netherlands and Europe, December 2014 Author Ministry of Security and Justice Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) IND Information and Analysis Centre (INDIAC) Dr. H. Colijnlaan 341 | 2283 XL Rijswijk Postbus 5800 | 2280 HV Rijswijk [email protected] Pagina 1 van 13 IND Information and Analysis Centre (INDIAC) | Asylum Trends December 2014 Contents Colophon - 1 Asylum applications in The Netherlands First asylum applications in The Netherlands - 3 Repeated asylum applications in The Netherlands - 4 Family reunification in the Netherlands (Council Directive 2003/86/EC Chapter V) - 7 Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers in the Netherlands - 6 Monthly first asylum applications in the Netherlands in 2014 - 7 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 2013 / 2014 - 8 Total asylum applications in the EU Monthly asylum applications in the EU October 2013 to October 2014 - 8 Special Theme: First Asylum Applications in Europe (1st half 2014) related to country Area, Population and GDP First asylum applications compared to country Area, Population and GDP in 1st half 2014 - 9 First asylum applications in 1st half 2014 related to country Area size - 10 First asylum applications in 1st half 2014
    [Show full text]
  • UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Construction of the Success Frame by Second-Generation Chinese Parents; a Cross- National Comparison Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01b0677w Author Noam, Krista R. Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Construction of the Success Frame by Second-Generation Chinese Parents; a Cross-National Comparison DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Sociology by Krista Regina Noam-Zuidervaart Thesis Committee: Professor Frank D. Bean, Chair Professor Jennifer Lee, Chair Associate professor Susan K. Brown Associate professor Ann Hironaka 2014 Chapter 4 © 2014 Krista R. Noam, adapted from publication in New Diversities (16) 1: 41-55 All other materials © 2014 Krista Regina Noam-Zuidervaart TABLE ON CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES IV LIST OF TABLES V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VI CURRICULUM VITAE VIII CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Terminology 6 1.3 Focus of this dissertation: second-generation Chinese 7 1.4 Theoretical framework 11 1.5 Methods 21 1.6 Findings 29 1.7 Overview of the chapters 30 CHAPTER 2 UNITED STATES VS. NETHERLANDS 2.1 The stage: two countries 34 2.2 Chinese immigration history and current communities 49 2.3 Comparing the second-generation Chinese in the United States and the Netherlands 55 CHAPTER 3 QUASI-EXPERIMENTS IN CROSS-NATIONAL IMMIGRATION
    [Show full text]
  • Asylum Trends August 2014
    Asylum Trends Monthly Report on Asylum Applications in The Netherlands and Europe August 2 01 4 6yU rq HuySr 6y6yvphvv UurIrur yhqhq@ r 6t Trrir DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r$DI9D68%6yU rq6t 8yu Uvyr 6yU rq Tivyr HuySr 6y6yvphvvurIrur yhqhq@ r* 6t 6u Hvv sTrp vhqEvpr Dvt hvhqIh hyvhvTr vpr$DI9% DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r$DI9D68% 9 ,C,8yvwyhh(/(YGSvwvwx Qi//CWSvwvwx DI9D685vq,vrw,y Qhtvh(h DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r$DI9D68%6yU rq6t 8r 8yu6( Av hyhyvphvvUurIrur yhq6 SrrhrqhyhyvphvvUurIrur yhq68 Ahvy rvsvphvvurIrur yhq$8pvy9v rpvr(9/89@88uhr W%6: Vhpphvrqv hyrrxr vurIrur yhq6/ Huysv hyhyvphvvurIrur yhqv6< Huyhyhyvphvvur@V*I hhqTvr yhq(96 Huyhyhyvphvvur@VEy(Er6 !" #$% Iir ssv hyhyvphvph rqp h rh*yhvhqB9Qv(6 Iir ssv hyhyvphvv( ryhrqp h rhvr6 Iir ssv hyhyvphvv( ryhrqyhvvr6( Iir ssv hyhyvphvv( ryhrqB9Qvr6 Pr vrshyyvqvph sp vr ryhrqir ssv hyhyvphvv(6 Qhtvhh DI9Ds hvhq6hyv8r r$DI9D68%6yU rq6t First asylum applications in the Netherlands Source: INDiGO Top-10 last twelve months first asylum applications in the Netherlands 2013 2014 Total Total Last 12 2013 Nationality Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan Feb **Mar Apr May Jun ***Jul Aug 2014 months 2.673Syria 212 322 373 413 397 525 393 465 719 685 895 1.102 1.105 5.889 7.394 978Eritrea 124 120 165 133 101 175 80 941.0831.861 203 105 76 3.677 4.196 3.078Somalia 220 353 255 329 288 153 283 139 117 56 29 15 17 809 2.034 216Stateless 16 18 62 61 22 63 47 94 119 270 191 312 409 1.505 1.668 1.094Iraq
    [Show full text]
  • Competitive Tendering in Local and Regional Public Transport in the Netherlands
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics van de Velde, Didier M.; Savelberg, Fons Working Paper Competitive tendering in local and regional public transport in the Netherlands International Transport Forum Discussion Paper, No. 2016-12 Provided in Cooperation with: International Transport Forum (ITF), OECD Suggested Citation: van de Velde, Didier M.; Savelberg, Fons (2016) : Competitive tendering in local and regional public transport in the Netherlands, International Transport Forum Discussion Paper, No. 2016-12, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Transport Forum, Paris This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/173917 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Sense & Sensitivity | IOB Evaluation
    IOB Evaluation | no. 405 IOB Evaluation | no. IOB Evaluation Gender sense & sensitivity Policy evaluation on women’s rights and gender equality (2007-2014) Gender sense & sensitivity | IOB Evaluation | no. 405 | Gender sense & sensitivity | IOB Evaluation | no. 405 | Gender sense & sensitivity | IOB Evaluation | Gender sense & sensitivity IOB Evaluation Gender sense & sensitivity Policy evaluation on women’s rights and gender equality (2007-2014) July 2015 Preface Preface Twenty years ago, the Beijing Platform for Action was adopted. As ‘an agenda for women’s empowerment’, it aimed at ‘removing all the obstacles to women’s active participation in all spheres of public and private life through a full and equal share in economic, social, cultural and political decision-making’. It reconfirmed what was agreed upon in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of 1993, i.e. ‘that the human rights of women and of the girl child are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights’. It also made equality between women and men a precondition for social justice and a necessary and fundamental prerequisite for equality, development and peace. Together with the Programme of Action that was adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 and its focus on women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights as well as the Millennium Development Goals of 2000, ‘Beijing’ remains one of the sources of inspiration for the Netherlands’ policy on women’s rights and gender equality. And rightly so. This is also evident from this report, which focuses on attention to women’s rights and gender equality in the international policies pursued by the Netherlands in the period | 3 | 2007-2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Gaps: Linking Research to Public Debates and Policy-Making on Migration and Integration
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/1/2019, SPi Bridging the Gaps OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/1/2019, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/1/2019, SPi Bridging the Gaps Linking Research to Public Debates and Policy-making on Migration and Integration Edited by Martin Ruhs, Kristof Tamas, and Joakim Palme 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 28/1/2019, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2019 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2019 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of this licence should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2018962583 ISBN 978–0–19–883455–7 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, Elcograf S.p.A.
    [Show full text]