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From Humiliation to Humanity Reconciling Helen Goldman’S Testimony with the Forensic Strictures of the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial
S: I. M. O. N. Vol. 8|2021|No.1 SHOAH: INTERVENTION. METHODS. DOCUMENTATION. Andrew Clark Wisely From Humiliation to Humanity Reconciling Helen Goldman’s Testimony with the Forensic Strictures of the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial Abstract On 3 September 1964, during the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial, Helen Goldman accused SS camp doctor Franz Lucas of selecting her mother and siblings for the gas chamber when the family arrived at Birkenau in May 1944. Although she could identify Lucas, the court con- sidered her information under cross-examination too inconsistent to build a case against Lucas. To appreciate Goldman’s authority, we must remove her from the humiliation of the West German legal gaze and inquire instead how she is seen through the lens of witness hospitality (directly by Emmi Bonhoeffer) and psychiatric assessment (indirectly by Dr Walter von Baeyer). The appearance of Auschwitz survivor Helen (Kaufman) Goldman in the court- room of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial on 3 September 1964 was hard to forget for all onlookers. Goldman accused the former SS camp doctor Dr Franz Lucas of se- lecting her mother and younger siblings for the gas chamber on the day the family arrived at Birkenau in May 1944.1 Lucas, considered the best behaved of the twenty defendants during the twenty-month-long trial, claimed not to recognise his accus- er, who after identifying him from a line-up became increasingly distraught under cross-examination. Ultimately, the court rejected Goldman’s accusations, choosing instead to believe survivors of Ravensbrück who recounted that Lucas had helped them survive the final months of the war.2 Goldman’s breakdown of credibility echoed the experience of many prosecution witnesses in West German postwar tri- als after 1949. -
Forced Prostitution in Times of War and Peace
Forced Prostitution in Times of War and Peace Sexual Violence against Women and Girls Edited by Barbara Drinckand Chung-noh Gross a Kleine Verlag Bielefeld Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic information is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de . Produced with the generous financial support of the Korea Foundation, Seoul and the Northeast Asian History Foundation, Seoul. Translation: Katy Derbyshire, Linda Turner, David Andersen, Tony Crawford Title illustration: "19 Brushstrokes" 2005, tempera on canvas, 200 χ 100 cm © Hyun-Sook Song, Hamburg All rights reserved. © 2007 by Kleine Verlag GmbH P.O. Box 10 16 68 D-33516 Bielefeld, Germany www.kleine-verlag.de [email protected] This work, including all its parts, is subject to copyright protection. Any use outside the scope of copyright law without the publisher's permission is not permissible and liable to prosecution. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, transfers to microfilm, and storing and processing in electronic systems. This book is manufactured using acid-free paper and meets the requirements for the use of aging-resistant paper in book production. Production: Kleine Verlag GmbH Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-89370-436-1 Forced Prostitution in National Socialist Concentration Camps—The Example of Auschwitz 123 Robert Sommer Forced Prostitution in National Socialist Concentration Camps—The Example of Auschwitz In the early summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler, the Reich Leader of the SS, visited Mauthausen Concentration Camp near Linz, Austria, and its quarries. Fol- lowing this visit, he ordered two brothels to be set up for prisoners, in Mauthau- sen and the sub-camp Gusen. -
England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving V
[Home ] [ Databases ] [ World Law ] [Multidatabase Search ] [ Help ] [ Feedback ] England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2000/115.html Cite as: [2000] EWHC QB 115 [New search ] [ Help ] Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) 1996 -I- 1113 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION Before: The Hon. Mr. Justice Gray B E T W E E N: DAVID JOHN CADWELL IRVING Claimant -and- PENGUIN BOOKS LIMITED 1st Defendant DEBORAH E. LIPSTADT 2nd Defendant MR. DAVID IRVING (appered in person). MR. RICHARD RAMPTON QC (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons and Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the first and second Defendants. MISS HEATHER ROGERS (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons) appeared on behalf of the first Defendant, Penguin Books Limited. MR ANTHONY JULIUS (instructed by Messrs Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the second Defendant, Deborah Lipstadt. I direct pursuant to CPR Part 39 P.D. 6.1. that no official shorthand note shall be taken of this judgment and that copies of this version as handed down may be treated as authentic. Mr. Justice Gray 11 April 2000 Index Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 A summary of the main issues 1.4 The parties II. THE WORDS COMPLAINED OF AND THEIR MEANING 2.1 The passages complained of 2.6 The issue of identification 2.9 The issue of interpretation or meaning III. -
Titel Strafverfahren
HESSISCHES LANDESARCHIV – HESSISCHES HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV ________________________________________________________ Bestand 461: Staatsanwaltschaft bei dem Landgericht Frankfurt am Main Strafverfahren ./. Robert Mulka u.a. (1. Auschwitz-Prozess) Az. 4 Ks 2/63 HHStAW Abt. 461, Nr. 37638/1-456 bearbeitet von Susanne Straßburg Allgemeine Verfahrensangaben Delikt(e) Mord (NSG) Beihilfe zum Mord (NSG) Laufzeit 1958-1997 Justiz-Aktenzeichen 4 Ks 2/63 Sonstige Behördensignaturen 4 Js 444/59 ./. Beyer u.a. (Vorermittlungen) Verfahrensart Strafverfahren Verfahrensangaben Bd. 1-133: Hauptakten (in Bd. 95-127 Hauptverhandlungsprotokolle; in Bd. 128-133 Urteil) Bd. 134: Urteil, gebundene Ausgabe Bd. 135-153: Vollstreckungshefte Bd. 154: Sonderheft Strafvollstreckung Bd. 155-156: Bewährungshefte Bd. 157-165: Gnadenhefte Bd. 166-170: Haftsonderhefte Bd. 171-189: Pflichtverteidigergebühren Bd. 190-220: Kostenhefte Bd. 221-224: Sonderhefte Bd. 225-233: Entschädigungshefte Bd. 234-236: Ladungshefte Bd. 237: Anlage zum Protokoll vom 3.5.1965 Bd. 238-242: Gutachten Bd. 243-267: Handakten Bd. 268: Fahndungsheft Baer Bd. 269: Auslobung Baer Bd. 270: Sonderheft Anzeigen Bd. 271-272: Sonderhefte Nebenkläger Bd. 273-274: Ermittlungsakten betr. Robert Mulka, 4 Js 117/64 Bd. 275-276: Zuschriften Bd. 277-279: Berichtshefte Bd. 280-281: Beiakte betr. Josef Klehr, Gns 3/80, Handakten 1-2 Bd. 282: Sonderheft Höcker Bd. 283: Zustellungsurkunden Bd. 284: Übersetzung der polnischen Anklage vom 28.10.1947 Bd. 285: Fernschreiben Bd. 286; Handakte Auschwitz der OStA I Bd. 287-292: Pressehefte Bd. 293-358: Akten der Zentralen Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen Ludwigsburg Bd. 359-360: Anlageband 12 Bd. 361: Protokolle ./. Dr. Lucas Bd. 362: Kostenheft i.S. Dr. Schatz Bd. 363: Akte der Zentralen Stelle des Landesjustizverwaltungen Ludwigsburg Bd. -
The Holocaust and the Law: a Model of 'Good History'?
THE HOLOCAUST AND THE LAW: A MODEL OF ‘GOOD HISTORY’? LYNNE HUMPHREY ROYAL HOLLOWAY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PhD 1 Acknowledgments I would like to formally thank Professor Dan Stone for his unwavering support, as well as patience, throughout the duration of the thesis. I would also like to thank the administration staff of both the former German department (Ann Hobbs) and the current History department for helping to facilitate the many stages of its progression. I would especially like to thank Marie-Christine Ockenden for her compassion and understanding when needing to interrupt my studies. I am grateful to the Friendly Hands Charitable Foundation. The grant awarded by this charity was essential for the research of the Ernst Zündel trials in Toronto, Canada. I am also grateful to Renu Barrett, at the ‘William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections’ (McMasters University), Janice Rosen, at the ‘Canadian Jewish Congress Charities Commission National Archives’ (Montreal), and A.J Strauss, at the Ontario Court of Appeal, for organising access to the relevant trial transcripts, and other primary source material, on my behalf, but also for being a source of friendly contact during my visits. On a more personal note, I would not have completed the thesis without the consistent encouragement, input and practical support of close family and friends. Although inadequate as recognition of this support, a huge thank you is due to my brothers, Stephen and Nigel, and the friendships of Meeta, Cheryl, Su, Maureen, Joanne, Shamshad, Alison, Paul, Ann, Fergus and Nuala. Inspiration was also sustained by the coastline of North Shields, the country lanes of Thurgarton and the cities of Berlin, Manchester and Toronto. -
Belsen, Dachau, 1945: Newspapers and the First Draft of History
Belsen, Dachau, 1945: Newspapers and the First Draft of History by Sarah Coates BA (Hons.) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deakin University March 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the opportunities Deakin University has provided me over the past eight years; not least the opportunity to undertake my Ph.D. Travel grants were especially integral to my research and assistance through a scholarship was also greatly appreciated. The Deakin University administrative staff and specifically the Higher Degree by Research staff provided essential support during my candidacy. I also wish to acknowledge the Library staff, especially Marion Churkovich and Lorraine Driscoll and the interlibrary loans department, and sincerely thank Dr Murray Noonan for copy-editing this thesis. The collections accessed as part of an International Justice Research fellowship undertaken in 2014 at the Thomas J Dodd Centre made a positive contribution to my archival research. I would like to thank Lisa Laplante, interim director of the Dodd Research Center, for overseeing my stay at the University of Connecticut and Graham Stinnett, Curator of Human Rights Collections, for help in accessing the Dodd Papers. I also would like to acknowledge the staff at the Bergen-Belsen Gedenkstätte and Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial who assisted me during research visits. My heartfelt gratitude is offered to those who helped me in various ways during overseas travel. Rick Gretsch welcomed me on my first day in New York and put a first-time traveller at ease. Patty Foley’s hospitality and warmth made my stay in Connecticut so very memorable. -
Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 52°45′28″N 9°54′28″E
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Bergen-Belsen concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 52°45′28″N 9°54′28″E This article is about the Nazi concentration camp. For the Displaced Persons camp, see Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp. For the Navigation nearby village of Belsen, see Belsen (Bergen). Main page "Belsen" redirects here. For other uses, see Belsen (disambiguation). Contents Featured content Not to be confused with Bełżec extermination camp. Current events Bergen-Belsen (or Belsen) was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in Bergen-Belsen Random article northwestern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a Concentration camp Donate to Wikipedia prisoner of war camp,[1] in 1943 parts of it became a concentration camp. Originally this was an "exchange camp", where Jewish hostages were held with the intention of exchanging them for [2] Interaction German prisoners of war held overseas. Eventually, the camp was expanded to accommodate Jews from other concentration camps. Help Later still the name was applied to the displaced persons camp established nearby, but it is most About Wikipedia commonly associated with the concentration camp. From 1941 to 1945 almost 20,000 Russian Community portal prisoners of war and a further 50,000 inmates died there,[3] with up to 35,000 of them dying of Recent changes typhus in the first few months of 1945, shortly before and after the liberation.[4] Contact Wikipedia The camp was liberated on April 15, 1945 by the British 11th Armoured Division.[5] They discovered around 53,000 prisoners inside, most of them half-starved and seriously ill,[4] and another 13,000 Memorial stone at the entrance to the historical Toolbox camp area corpses lying around the camp unburied.[5] The horrors of the camp, documented on film and in What links here pictures, made the name "Belsen" emblematic of Nazi crimes in general for public opinion in Related changes Western countries in the immediate post-1945 period. -
Female Camp Guards During and After the Holocaust Lauren
ABSTRACT Navigating the Multi-layered Identities of the Aufseherinnen: Female Camp Guards During and After the Holocaust Lauren Elizabeth Wheeler Thesis Chairperson: David W. Hendon, Ph.D. The profiles, training, and roles of Aufseherinnen portray women acting out a femininity which both contradicted and fulfilled Nazi ideals of womanhood. Additionally, they account for the two layers of reality—both ought and is—so common to the Nazi system. The individual narratives of former victims develop the picture of an Aufseherin more fully by depicting the overall “object-identity” of the female camp staff—that is, their identity as experienced by the inmates—and the overall role of femaleness in the Lager. Interestingly, narratives usually portray their guards as humans (is) instead of monsters (ought). This human status was, however, contradicted by the understanding of the female defendants throughout the war crimes trials. Trial transcripts and media coverage of the Belsen Trial reveal a lack of understanding of the role of women in the camp system, as well as a general influence of gender stereotyping on the incongruent verdicts and sentencing of female defendants. The identities of the Aufseherinnen were therefore experienced as strikingly different from those of male perpetrators. Navigating the Multi-layered Identities of the Aufseherinnen: Female Camp Guards During and After the Holocaust by Lauren Elizabeth Wheeler, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of History Jeffrey S. Hamilton, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee David W. -
Reichskommissariat Ostland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Reichskommissariat Ostland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Ostland" redirects here. For the province of the Empire in Warhammer 40,000, see Ostland (Warhammer). Navigation Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was the civilian occupation regime established by Main page Germany in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the north-eastern part of Reichskommissariat Ostland Contents Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II. It was also known Reichskommissariat of Germany Featured content [1] initially as Reichskommissariat Baltenland ("Baltic Land"). The political organization Current events ← → for this territory—after an initial period of military administration before its establishment— 1941–1945 Random article was that of a German civilian administration, nominally under the authority of the Reich Donate to Wikipedia Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (German: Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete) led by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, but was in reality Interaction controlled by the Nazi official Hinrich Lohse, its appointed Reichskommissar. Help The main political objective, which the ministry laid out in the framework of National Flag Emblem About Wikipedia Socialist policies for the east established by Adolf Hitler, were the complete annihilation Community portal of the Jewish population and the settlement of ethnic Germans along with the expulsion or Recent changes Germanization of parts of the native population -
Tell Ye Your Children
Tell Ye Your Children… Your Ye Tell Tell Ye Your Children… STÉPHANE BRUCHFELD AND PAUL A. LEVINE A book about the Holocaust in Europe 1933-1945 – with new material about Sweden and the Holocaust THE LIVING HISTORY FORUM In 1997, the former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson initiated a comprehensive information campaign about the Holocaust entitled “Living History”. The aim was to provide facts and information and to encourage a discussion about compassion, democracy and the equal worth of all people. The book “Tell Ye Your Children…” came about as a part of this project. The book was initially intended primarily for an adult audience. In 1999, the Swedish Government appointed a committee to investigate the possibilities of turning “Living History” into a perma- nent project. In 2001, the parliament decided to set up a new natio- nal authority, the Living History Forum, which was formally establis- hed in 2003. The Living History Forum is commissioned to work with issues related to tolerance, democracy and human rights, using the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity as its starting point. This major challenge is our specific mission. The past and the pre- sent are continuously present in everything we do. Through our continuous contacts with teachers and other experts within education, we develop methods and tools for reaching our key target group: young people. Tell Ye Your Children… A book about the Holocaust in Europe 1933–1945 – THIRD REVISED AND EXPANDED ENGLISH EDITION – STÉPHANE BRUCHFELD AND PAUL A. LEVINE Tell Ye Your -
Rigg Bm.Pdf (651.5Kb)
notes note on sources Although oral testimonies are subject to fallible human memories, they have none- theless proven invaluable in explaining several documents collected for this study. Documents never before seen by historians, found in people’s closets, basements, and desk drawers, created a much fuller and complex history, especially when their owners supplied the background and history of the documents as well. These sources helped re-create the unique and tragic history of the Mischlinge, which is still so little understood over half a century later. The thousands of pages of documents and oral testimonies (on 8 mm video and VHS video) in this study are now part of the permanent collection at the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv in Freiburg, Germany, as the Bryan Mark Rigg Collection. Although interviews need to be treated with some skepticism, they have repeatedly shown that oral history often enriches rather than contradicts historical documents. All too often, history is written without the human element, that is, without knowing what these people thought, felt, and believed. Oral history helps reconstruct many of these people’s thoughts, feelings, and beliefs through their diaries, letters, interviews, and photographs. In this way, a healthy combination of hard documents or primary sources and secondary sources and testimonies expands our sense of this history. Often one reads about men and women but feels no human connection with them. The interviews were done to try to bridge this gap and to pro- vide readers with the means to enter these men’s and women’s thoughts and feelings to understand them better and to deepen readers’ knowledge of this history. -
The Medical Madness of Nazi Germany
A SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT FROM THE COLUMBIA HOLOCAUST EDUCATION COMMISSION • SUNDAY, APRIL 24, 2016 • VOLUME 3 Holocaust Remembered THE MEDICAL MADNESS OF NAZI GERMANY Experimentation, Ethics and Genetics 2 HOLOCAUST REMEMBERED A SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT FROM THE COLUMBIA HOLOCAUST EDUCATION COMMISSION APRIL 24, 2016APRIL 24, 2016 Contributors Lilly Filler, M.D. Co-chair, Columbia Holocaust Madness then, madness now Education Commission Secretary, S.C. Council on the By Lilly Filler and wonderful medical care that you Holocaust offer the Midlands. t has become hard to remem- Lyssa Harvey, Ed.S The Columbia Holocaust Educa- ber a time when we did not Co-chair, Columbia Holocaust tion Commission is a volunteer or- Education Commission have to worry about terror- ganization created with remaining Teacher, therapist, artist ism, when the world seemed funds from the Holocaust Memorial, so large, when the USA was Charles Beaman dedicated on June 6, 2001, in down- CEO, Palmetto Health a very safe place, and when town Memorial Park on Gadsden the distances around the world were Allan Brett, M.D. Street. Professor of Clinical Medicine, Ilong. The Memorial lists the South USC School of Medicine Today, with a 24-hour news cycle Carolina Holocaust survivors and and live streaming of wars, terrorist F.K. Clementi, Ph.D. liberators. It educates the unin- Associate Professor of Jewish attacks, protests and demonstra- formed through an abbreviated Studies, USC tions, everything seems so close and timeline and a gripping pictorial Janice G. Edwards, M.S., CGC so personal. etching depicting scenes from the Clinical Professor and Director of Is this better Genetic Counseling Program, Holocaust.