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The Impact of China's 1989 Tiananmen Massacre
The Impact of China’s 1989 Tiananmen Massacre The 1989 pro-democracy movement in China constituted a huge challenge to the survival of the Chinese communist state, and the efforts of the Chinese Communist party to erase the memory of the massacre testify to its importance. This consisted of six weeks of massive pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing and over 300 other cities, led by students, who in Beijing engaged in a hunger strike which drew wide public support. Their actions provoked repression from the regime, which – after internal debate – decided to suppress the movement with force, leading to a still-unknown number of deaths in Beijing and a period of heightened repression throughout the country. This book assesses the impact of the movement, and of the ensuing repression, on the political evolution of the People’s Republic of China. The book discusses what lessons the leadership learned from the events of 1989, in particular whether these events consolidated authoritarian government or facilitated its adaptation towards a new flexibility which may, in time, lead to the transformation of the regime. It also examines the impact of 1989 on the pro-democracy movement, assessing whether its change of strategy since has consolidated the movement, or if, given the regime’s success in achieving economic growth and raising living standards, it has become increasingly irrelevant. It also examines how the repression of the movement has affected the economic policy of the Party, favoring the development of large State Enterprises and provoking an impressive social polarisation. Finally, Jean-Philippe Béja discusses how the events of 1989 are remembered and have affected China’s international relations and diplomacy; how human rights, law enforcement, policing, and liberal thought have developed over two decades. -
China COI Compilation-March 2014
China COI Compilation March 2014 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation China COI Compilation March 2014 This COI compilation does not cover the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, nor does it cover Taiwan. The decision to exclude Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was made on the basis of practical considerations; no inferences should be drawn from this decision regarding the status of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. -
China Human Rights Report 2005
臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 本出版品係由財團法人臺灣民主基金會負責出版。臺灣民主基金會是 一個獨立、非營利的機構,其宗旨在促進臺灣以及全球民主、人權的 研究與發展。臺灣民主基金會成立於二○○三年,是亞洲第一個國家 級民主基金會,未來基金會志在與其他民主國家合作,促進全球新一 波的民主化。 This is a publication of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD). The TFD is an independent, non-profit foundation dedicated to the study and promotion of democracy and human rights in Taiwan and abroad. Founded in 2003, the TFD is the first democracy assistance foundation established in Asia. The Foundation is committed to the vision of working together with other democracies, to advance a new wave of democratization worldwide. 本報告由臺灣民主基金會負責出版,報告內容不代表本會意見。 版權所有,非經本會事先書面同意,不得翻印、轉載及翻譯。 This report is published by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. Statements of fact or opinion appearing in this report do not imply endorsement by the publisher. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the publisher. Taiwan Foundation for Democracy China Human Rights Report 2005 CONTENTS Foreword ....................................................................................................................i Chapter I: Introduction ................................................................................ 1 Chapter II: Social Rights .......................................................................... 23 Chapter III: Political Rights ................................................................... 45 Chapter IV: Judicial Rights ................................................................... -
Information Pigsty
CRF-2005-03-text.qxd 9/8/05 3:10 PM Page 85 CHINA’S “INFORMATION PIGSTY” NO. 3,NO. 2005 BY JIAO GUOBIAO CHINA RIGHTS FORUM The Chinese government’s insistance on his descendents, but is this the way blood relatives should treat 85 restricting access to information effectively each other? The food chain is eternal, and the masses are eternally treats the people of China as no better than lower than rulers on the food chain, but the context can vary animals. greatly.Life was certainly different for those lower on the food chain than Xia Jie or Yin Zhou3 than for those under the Yellow Emperor.The sentiments of the subjects of the Sui Emperor Author’s note:This article is based on comments I made at UCLA and Berkeley were certainly different from those of the Tang Emperor,4 just in December 2004.I began expanding the comments into an article,completing as the lives of the people of Uganda are completely different it about four months later on March 10,2005.This is coincidentally the same from those of Switzerland.That’s why I’m not bothering with a amount of time I used to write my “Denunciation of the Central Propaganda polite expression such as “information quarantine” or “infor- Department.”1The materials and facts used here may not be entirely accurate or mation fortress,” but prefer to call a spade a spade with the representative,and the conclusion is not comprehensive,so I hope readers will feel expression “information pigsty.” If some people find this free to give me feedback.The central government’s plan is to build a harmonious offensive, that’s their own problem. -
Access to Information in the People's Republic of China ______
ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION _________ JULY 31, 2007 _________ Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON : OCTOBER 2007 U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, Chairman DANIEL BLUMENTHAL, Vice Chairman Commissioners: PETER T.R. BROOKES Hon. WILLIAM A. REINSCH Hon. C. RICHARD D’AMATO Hon. DENNIS C. SHEA MARK ESPER PETER VIDENIEKS JEFFREY FIEDLER MICHAEL R. WESSEL KERRI HOUSTON LARRY M. WORTZEL T. SCOTT BUNTON, Executive Director KATHLEEN J. MICHELS, Associate Director The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Public Law No. 106-398, 114 STAT. 1654A-334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C.§ 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Public Law No. 107-67, 115 STAT. 514 (Nov. 12, 2001); as amended by Division P of the "Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003," Pub L. No. 108-7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of Commission); as amended by Public Law No. 109-108 (H.R. 2862) (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of Commission and applicability of FACA). The Commission’s full charter http://www.uscc.gov/about/charter.php and Statutory Mandate http://www.uscc.gov/about/overview.php available via the World Wide Web ii CONTENTS _____ TUESDAY, JULY 31, 2007 ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Opening statement of Chairman Carolyn Bartholomew ……………………… 1 Opening statement of Commissioner Kerri Houston, Hearing Cochair……….