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"Coryphaena Hippurus"

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sc1. MAR.. 63 (3-4): 343-354 SCIENTIAMARINA 1999 BIOLOGY AND FlSHERY OF LWLPHlNFlSH AND RELATED SPECIES. E. MASSUTI~~II~B. MORA LES-NIN (rds.) Parasitism of dolphinfishes, Coryphaena hippurus and Coryphaena equiselis, in the western Mediterranean (Balearie Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islandsj* ENRIQUE CARBONELL', ENRIC MASSUTÍ~,JOSÉ JUAN CASTRO3 and ROSA MARÍA GARCÍA' 'Depanamento de Biología. Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 59.46100 Burjassoi. Valencia (Spain) '1.E.O.- Centre Oceanografic de les Balears. Moll de Ponent s/n, P.O.Box 291.07080 Palma de Mallorca (Spain) 'Depanamenio de Biología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canarias. P.O. Box 550. 35 1 17 Las Palmas de Gran Canarias (Spain) SUMMARY: A total of 648 doiphinfishes were exarnined for interna1 and exiernal parasties in western Mediterrane;in (Balearic Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands) waters in order to iiiake a comparative study beiween thc two areas. The specirnens studied from the Mediterranean Sea was Coqphnrt~crIiip1n1vrr.i. wiih 62 large individuals coptured from May to Sepiember and 497 juveniles captured from August to December. The specimens studied from the cenrral-easi- ern Arlaniic were 39 adulr C. liippurrts and 49 adult Coryphaena equise1i.r. Parasites were found in 70%- of ihe fish exani- ined. and represented a ioial of riine endoparasitic taxa: six digeneans (Class Tremaioda. Subclass Digenea: Diiirrrrr.c ro171o- /irs. Dinrrrus hr<virlrrcm. Dintrrtts lotigisitius. Lecrrlio<.lcrdiurnexcrsum. Burli,vc.o!\'lr hrui1chia1r.sand Hirrrdinelln sp. ). iwo nemaiodes (Class Nematoda. Order Spirurida: Pliilo~r~iesp. and Me;d>rot~citr<rtnu~t~ci) and one acanthocephaliin (Phylluni Acanthocephala; Rlic~dinorli~~ricl~ir.~prisrrs). Seven crustacean copepod ectoparasires were ideniified: Colipts qu~drmrr.~.Coli.~ir.s prodtrctits. Cct1i~ir.shotiirr~. C(rlrgu.5 c-oryhien<re(Family Caligidae) and Errryl~orrts~rynphoc (Faniily Euriphoridae) were found in gil1 niucus masses or on the inner surface of the opercuiurn, the lernaeopodid N~ol>rcr<h~~ll(r c?~.~?;?!!o:,!!::r(F;!!??i!y Lernue~po&&e) -2% a!:;&& :o gil! fi!amci;;; ai;d ;he pi;e!lid ,D<.jjiie,'/ü,5/ii~¿j (hmiiy i>eñnziliijac) Was anchored to íins and nysor. deeply. to muscu\ür iissue and abdominal caviiy. The relationships beiween feedin: habiis. parasiie recruitmeni and parasiie transrnission were analysed. some ecological aspects of al1 [he parasitic specics are di<- cussed. ;ind sonie comments are made on parasire-hoit relaiionships. K<,\ wrds. Co~yhuc~irrIripprrus. Cor~phu<vi(ieyrrr.sclis. parasitism. western Meditrrranean. central-easiern Ailantic INTRODUCTION water ternperarures exceed 20°C (Gibbs 2nd Col- lette, 1959). In the Atlantic, they are natural inhab- The dolphinfishes (Pisces: Coryphaenidae), itants and their spawning is probably year round. cornrnon dolphinfish (Coryphaena hlpp~rl-u.rL.) although it is rnost intense during the inonths with and pompano dolphin (Corvphaena equiseliz L.); hieher water surface ternperaturec (Shcherhachw. are epipelagic species distributed world-wide in 1973). In the Mediterranean Sea, C. hippur-rr.7 tropical and subtropical waters where surface appear seasonally and undergo a reproductive cycle during the surnrner rnonths, t'ollowing [he 'Receivcd June 15. 1998 Accepted May 8. 1999 appearance 0f adult specimens every yeilr ¡n May- June, when the water surface temperature reaches gastrointesrinal parasites. Both studies werr carried >18"C (Massuli and ,Morales-IYin, 199511. Juve- out along [he South-Eastem and Gulf coasts of the niles are captured from Iate August to early United States in rhe Western Atlantic. December and then, when water iemperatures fall Therefore the objective of this study was to carry [o lI°C, they possibly rriigra~e to thc: warnxr out. for the first time. a complete analysis of the par- waters of the Atlantic Ocean. asiric community of dolphinfishes in the eastem Dolphinfishes are top-leve1 prdators, but rhey A4tlanticand the Mediterranean, and to study thz reia- arz not very selective and fced on a wide rangc of iionshipj between diet and parasite recruitment in pelagic organisms. In adaition, they are ve-' agile order to identify possible pathways of parasitic infec- and capable of rakin; fasi-moving prey (Palko e! al., tion and life cycle. Special referente is rnade to the 1982j. C.hippurus grows rapidly throughout its life paasites which C. hippurus probably bnngs from he and has a maximum life span of about 4 yrars, Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea and those which reaching lengths and weights in excess of onc mme this species acquires in the Meditsmnean anu ches and 10 kg respectively (Beardsle!, 1967; Rosz and to Atlantic waters. Our aim is to provide basic infor- Hassler, 1968). C. equiseiis is a relative11 Iirrle maiion that will allow parasites to be used as porer:- known species which does not reach such a large tia1 biolopical tags for C. hippurus in rhe study of its size as C. hippurus, and its maximum known length migrato? routes between these two areas. is 74 cm (Herald, 1961). C. equiseiis is more pelag- ic and oceanic, and consequmtiy is rarely caught in coastal waters. Its distribution ranpe is more tropical MATERIALS AND METHODS and according LO Mather and Dtij (1954) it is not generaliy found in waters with surface water tem- The fishes were collected fiorn two areas, Cne peratures Iower than 24°C. C. eyuiselis does nor Balearic Islands jwestern Mediteii-anean) and the extend as fu beyond the rropics as C. hippurus. Canary Islands (central-eastem Atlanticj. In the lab- There are few reports of C. equiselis in the Mediter- oratory, the fish were measured ro thr nearest cm- ranean Sea. and hence its presence in these waters is tirrierre fork length (FL), weighed and sexed. Intc~u- no[ well known. ment, fins, natural openings and gilIs of every ficn Although severa1 authors have reponed parasites were exarnined. The gills were dissected in order to oi doiphinfishrs in every ocean. and án exhaus~ive survey al1 [he gil1 arches for parasites. In aII cases, iis; icin be found in Palko er al. (1982), only r few the parasites were collected and, in addition to their focus on rhe study of the parasire community of number, size, shape and location, any pathological #L--,. L.. ----:A--.-- A-., .L LIICX +JCL;G~ U? LUII~~UCIIIJ~ih~CLUIU~~ UI LLI~par- a:iZiaiiOliS .&sere recoided. A-,.-uir~c aiij pui---e.-:,-- U~~LGJ asites. Burnett-Herkes (1 974.1analysed [he ectopar- were found. they were fixtd in buffered glureralde- üsites on the gills and in the buccal iiavity cf C. hlp- hyde ( 10%) for larer identification, directly or aftzr pilrus, whereas Manooch e! al. (1984) studied its being cleared with lactophenol. T.4s.i l. - Nunber of specirnens o( C i:ii7purus and C. equk'is zapiurec! ir. Mrciicr:ariean and Atlaniic waicrs. bv kí1 Icngrh in~erva!~. )'ea; ;nd mx!h oi capture m3 th: surfase water tempcrature are also ;km. From the Mediterranean area, a total of 62 adult tode, two nernatodes and one acanthocephalan), of C. hippurus, ranging from 60 to 124 cm FL, were which nine were to species level. The change in sampled during May-September in 1990, 199 1 and prevalence, intensity and abundance of the main ir%. in iiie sañie years, 497 juveniies íi4-58 cm species in reiation to the size of the hosis is preseni- FL) were obtained from August to early December. ed in Table 2 and 3. From the Atlantic area, 25 adult (69- 102 cm FL) and 24 juvenile (38-53 cm FL) specimens of C. hippurus Class TREMATODA were sampled during June and October in 1994 and Subclass Digenea 1995 respectively. In this area, 49 C. equiselis Family Hemiuridae between 36 and 52 cm FL were also sampled during Dinurus spp. June in 1995. To establish differences in parasitism as a function The most frequent and most numerous endopar- of size, the fish exarnined were differentiated into six asites were four species of the genus Dinurus Looss, size intervals in order to obtain a sufficient number of '1907. These were D. tornatus (Rud. 18 19) Looss, sFciiíieiis pigicrUp. Sizr. iniervais, n"m'mr "f fjsh i9 i7, D. barbaius (Cuiin, i902j Looss, i907, D. analysed per size group, year and month of capture breviductus Looss, 1907 and D. longisinus Looss, and the surface water ternperature range are sum- 1907. D. tornatus was the dominant species. These rnarised in Table 1. For each parasite, the infection parasites were found in the stomach of specimens of leve1 by size group was analysed according to stan- C. hippurus and C. equiselis captured in both areas. dard methods (Margolis et al., 1982). For the prevalence and other ecological parameters there were marked differences depending on the annual cycles, but in general adult fish were the RESULTS most infected in both areas. Endoparasites Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 18 19) Looss. 1907 Endoparasites were found in 390 of the speci- mens exarnined (70%). A total of eleven parasitic This other gastric hemiurid was only found in the taxa could be identified (seven digeneans, one ces- Mediterranean, from juvenile fish 40cm FL in the TABLE2. - Infeclion parameters of the helminth species (Dinurus spp.. LPcirllocladiunl exciston. Floriceps succarus. Rhadinorliychus pris- n ris and Merabrorie~nn magna) of Conphcrenu h~pprrruscaptured in Mediierranean waters. (FL. fork length in cm. firsi row. prevalence; E second row: mean intensity t SD; third row: mean abundance f SD; fourth row: range). a ,, n Dinurus spp. L. excisum F. saccarus R prisris M. magna o FL 1990 1991 i 995 1991 1990 1991 1995 1995 1995 3 3.6 2.8 3.6 3 2 I O. 1 +0.6 0.0620.3 0.03f0.2 O-? O-? O-: PARASITISM OF DOLPHINFISHES 345 CLASSN ELI .\TODA Order Spirurida Farnilq Cystidicolidae Metubronema (Qistidicoloides) magna (Taylor, 1925) Some cysts were collected from thr walls of the pyloric caeca and in the pancreatic rissue of C.
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