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Dreams and Its Interpretation and Applicability in Homoeopathy IAR Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN Online: 2708-3594 Frequency: Monthly Language: English Origin : Kenya Website : https://www.iarconsortium.org/journal-info/iarjms Review Article Dreams and Its Interpretation and Applicability in Homoeopathy Article History Abstract: Dreams are a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a Received: 20.04.2021 person‟s mind during sleep especially in REM sleep pattern. As per Sigmund Revision: 30.04.2021 Freud “The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to knowledge of the Accepted: 10.05.2021 unconscious activities of the mind”. His book has been the precursor to many Published: 20.05.2021 hypothesis and concepts and research into dreams and its significance. As per Author Details Carl c Jung, he saw dreams as the psyche‟s attempt to communicate important Bikash Biswas*1, Sanjukta Mandal2 and things to the individual. His model of psyche is an idea of dreams which arise 1 Madhumita Nath from ego. His many books with different volumes are a vast source of Authors Affiliations significance and interpretation of dreams. Dreams are influenced by the past and present experiences and sometimes are determinative of future. Different types 1 PGT Dept of Case taking and Repertory, Mahesh of dreams have been interpreted based on fear, threat, insecurities, being Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College & vulnerable, struggle, frustration, wishes, sexuality, need for change in perception Hospital, West Bengal, India 2PGT Dept of Materia Medica, Mahesh Bhattacharyya and individuality, etc. though few dreams are forethought to be the admonition Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, West sign and may impact personality of the person. Dreams have been found to have Bengal, India strong neurophysiological relationship with mid brain structures dealing with Corresponding Author memory and human emotions. In Homoeopathy dreams are considered to be the Bikash Biswas inner essence of individual in a subconscious level and have an implication to the understanding of the state of mind and concealed will and desires, leading to How to Cite the Article help in selection of the similimum. In this review article, analysis of dreams and Bikash Biswas, Sanjukta Mandal & Madhumita its homoeopathic applicability has been elucidated. Nath. (2021). Dreams and Its Interpretation and Applicability in Homoeopathy. IAR J Med Sci, Keywords: Dreams, Interpretation, Sigm und Freud, Carl c Jung, Persona, 2(3), 31-41 Homoeopathy, Repertory. Copyright @ 2021: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license which permits unrestricted use, ABBREVIATIONS: REM- Rapid eye movement, NREM- Non rapid distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non eye movement, CNS- Central nervous system commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION: Sleep are the natural periodic state of rest for mind and body with closed eyes characterized by partial or complete loss of consciousness. Loss of consciousness leads to decreased response to external stimuli and decreased body movements. Depth of sleep is not constant throughout the sleeping period. It varies in different stages of sleep (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). Sleep requirement is not constant. However, average sleep requirement per day at different age groups (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). New born infants: 18 to 20 hours, Growing children: 12 to 14 hours, Adults: 7 to 9 hours, Old persons: 5 to 7 hours. Sleep is of two types, 1. Rapid eye movement sleep or REM sleeps 2. Non-rapid eye movement sleep, NREM sleep or non-REM sleep (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). Rapid eye movement sleep (REM), Rapid eye movement sleep is the type of sleep associated with rapid conjugate movements of the eyeballs, which occurs frequently. Though the eyeballs move, the sleep is deep. So, it is also called para-domical sleep. It occupies about 20% to 30% of sleeping period. Functionally, REM sleep is very important because, it plays an important role in consolidation of memory. Dreams occur during this period (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). Non-rapid eye movement sleep –non-(REM) sleep, Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is the type of sleep without the movements of eyeballs. It is also called slow-wave sleep. Dreams do not occur in this type of sleep and it occupies about 70% to 80% of total sleeping period. Non-REM sleep is followed by REM sleep (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). 31 Bikash Biswas et al., IAR J Med Sci; Vol-2, Iss-3 (May-Jun; 2021): 31-41 DREAMS: (Cartwright, R. 2013). Dreams related to each other within night. There was no continuity of dreams within A dream is succession of images, ideas, emotion, the night. Also, they were not related to each other. sensation, that usually occurs involuntarily in the mind Further the longer the time awake, the less the during certain stages of sleep (Dream”. 2009). The continually was in NERM dreams reported were less content and function of dreams are not fully understood imagistic and thought like, less emotional and more although they have been a topic of scientific pleasant as compared to dreams in REM (Thorpy, M. J. philosophical and religious throughout recorded history. 2012). Dreams relate to the pre sleep waking state. The Dream interpretation is the attamed at drawing meaning psychological state of the patient greatly influences the from dreams and searching for underlying message. The dreams that appeared during REM sleep (Cartwright, R. scientific study of dreams is called “Oneirology” 2013). Dream effects post sleep psychological (Kavanau, J.L. 2000). functions. The study concludes that sleep generally improves morning mood. The first dreams were Sleep disorders: Insomnia, is the inability to sleep or significantly co related to the previous waking mood. abnormal wakefulness. It is the most common sleep Mild unhappiness led to negative dreams. The varied disorder. It occurs due to systemic illness or mental dream scenarios or context seem to remove the negative conditions such as psychiatric problems, alcoholic mood, which accounts for improve morning mood in addiction and drug addiction (Sembulingam. K., & healthy persons (Thorpy, M. J. 2012). Dreams differ in Sembulingam, P. 2012). Nightmare, is a condition psychiatric patients. Nightmare are common in post- during sleep that is characterized by a sense of extreme traumatic stress disorder. People with severe depression uneasiness or discomfort or by frightful dreams. have brief and bland dreams; Moderate depression Discomfort is felt as of some heavy weight on the have dreams with negative feelings (Cartwright, R. stomach or chest or as uncontrolled movement of the 2013). Experimental evidences from normal dream body. After a period of extreme anxiety, the subject content, children's dreams, recurrent dreams, wakes with a troubled state of mind. It occurs mostly nightmares, post traumatic dreams, and the dreams of during REM sleep. It occurs due to improper food hunter-gatherers indicated that our dream-production intake, digestive disorders or nervous disorders. It also mechanisms are in fact specialized in the imitation of occurs during drug withdrawal or alcohol withdrawal threatening events and that‟s why dream-production is (Sembulingam. K., & Sembulingam, P. 2012). Night believed to be the mechanism that tends to select terror, is a disorder similar to nightmare. It is common threatening waking events and imitate them over and in children. It is also called pavor nocturnus or sleep over again in various combinations which helps in terror. The child awakes screaming in a state of fright development and maintenance of threat-avoidance skills and semiconsciousness. The child cannot recollect the (Revonsuo, A. 2000). In another study it was reported attack in the morning. Nightmare occurs shortly after that recurrent dreams were more likely to include falling asleep and during non-REM sleep. There is no negative elements than positive elements which were psychological disturbance (Sembulingam. K., & themed involving confrontations with monsters or Sembulingam, P. 2012). Other sleep disorders like animals, followed by physical aggressions, falling and narcolepsy which is excessive daytime sleepiness, being chased which were in relation to threat simulation somnambulism which is sleep walking, and nocturnal theory (TST) of dreaming (Gauchat, A. et al., 2015). enuresis are also presented as sleep disorders (Thorpy, M. J. 2012). CONCEPT OF SIGMNUD FREUD (Freud, S. 2020): Dreams were divided into two classes, the first HYPOTHESIS: class, was believed to be influenced only by the present Dreams are a source of intertest in the medial field. (or the past), and was unimportant in respect of the Various hypothesis was structured and experimented future; it included the enokinia (insomnia), which (Cartwright, R. 2013). Dreams in relation to REM sleep directly reproduce a given idea or its opposite; e.g., characteristics: it was found that, REM sleep that was hunger or its satiation; and the phantasmatic, which free of body movement yields continuous dreams. Loss elaborate the given idea phantastic ally, as e.g., the of muscle tone in a relatable signal of REM. It also nightmare, ephialtes. found out relation between eye movement during REM and the state of the dreamer in his dream. In sparse The second class of dreams, on the other hand, was EM‟s the dreamer was passive or just observing determinative of the future. (Cartwright, R. 2013). Dream images are internally generated. A various external stimulus was given to The Relation of the Dream to the Waking State find out if these had any effect on the dreamer. But it The naive judgment of the dreamer on waking was found that they had no marked effect. Another assumes that the dream - even if it does not come from study used auditory stimuli of spoken proper names, another world - has at all events transported the dreamer two of which were emotionally significant and two into another world. "To begin with, the dream neutral familiar names had more impact.
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