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HARMONICS and ORGAN PIPES

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HARMONICS and ORGAN PIPES HARMONICS and ORGAN PIPES rained in this article, as well as other by combining the fundamental tone and points of view well known to students all the harmonics used with it. by DAN BARTON, Organ Builder of sound in organs. Flue pipes are more properly called Illustrated by the Author I give this explanation to prevent a labial pipes as referring to the lips. FOREWORD controversy with a reader who may be Reed pipes are more properly called Knowledge of musical acoustics, espe­ ac9uainted with some theory differing lingual pipes, referring to the tongue. cially pertaining to harmonics, is nearly w1th the one described in the article here presented . Organ pipe talk can be very The upper part of organ pipes is called all based on theory. The definition of body, tubes and resonators. theory is, "A more or less plausible or confusing to one who is not fully ac­ . In ~eferring to the number of sets of scientifically accepted general principle quainted with the subject. Some parts pi,pes rn an organ, they are designated as offered to explain phenomena, conjec­ are called by different names and in some ranks of pipes, as an organ consisting of ture or assumption without proof ." In instances different parts are designated ten ranks. In referring to one set of other words, someone 's opinion. by the same name. To make it clear to pipes, it is designated as a stop as a Many years ago I made a study of har­ those not fully conversant with organ violin stop or a flute stop. ' monics. I was curious to know what hap ­ pipe talk, I give a few examples. Half-length pipes are called stopped pens to the wind in its journey from the _ Harmo~ics - also called upper par­ pipes if made of wood. If made of metal blower to the time it came flowing out tials, partials, overtones and mutations. they are called covered pipes. of an organ chamber as music. I studied Fundamental tone-also called prime Mixtures and compound stops, which all available books on the subject and tone, ground tone, unison tone. It is the are pipes tuned and voiced to imitate soon found out that the definition given loudest, most powerful and most asser­ harmonics and used in classic organs, are above was indeed correct. The explana­ tive tone by which the pitch of the whole the same. tions in most cases were just someone's compound tone is judged. Pure organ The tube which connects the pipe to opinion. Authors who certainly knew tone is one having no audible harmon­ every phase of organ construction and ics. Compound organ tone is one created (Continued on Page 40) operation lapsed into generalities when the subject of harmonics was attempted. Some authors made statements that con­ If you can read English tradicted other authors . In one book it seemed to me that the author contradict­ you can assemble a Schober Organ ed himself. There was one exception, Aristide Ca­ and be a musical participant! vaille-Coll, the famous French organ Isn't it time you became a musical partici­ pant, rather than just a listener? The organ builder, who was also a great student of is the instrument adults learn to play, be­ musical acoustics. He tried for facts as cause they play so well with so little effort. well as opinions. He invented apparatus And the best way to own an organ is to amplify and measure sound waves. It to assemble your own from Schober's 100 percent complete kits, with the firm, step­ is reported he made wood stops, both by-step guidance of Schober's famous open and stopped, with glass walls and crystal-clear, nontechnical instructions had glass resonators made for reed pipes . that thousands of entirely untechnical Cavaille-Coll played these stops with people have followed successfully. If you want to play everything from smoke to help him find the answers. Ca­ Bach to Cole Porter, you can choose the vaille-Coll was the first to explode the Recital Organ (right), physically and long held theory of the air forming an tonally so like a fine pipe organ that many air-reed which vibrated directly in and people can't tell the difference. Every­ thing you need (if you use your own hi-fi out of the mouth of the pipe. or stereo system for the sound) costs only George Ashdown Audsley, of Bloom­ $1725. You can pay as you build, to field, N. J., was also a great student of spread the expenditure, and you couldn't organ lore. To gain authentic informa­ buy the equivalent elsewhere for less than FREEINFORMATION AND DEMONSTRATION RECORDING twice that price. Or you may choose Send today for your free copy of Schober's 16- tion for a book he went to France where another Schober Organ model. They start page, full color booklet, plus 7" free recording. he worked with Cavaille-Coll a~d ob­ at $645. Schober's enjoyable self-teaching r--- - -- ·- ---- -.- --- -. tained_from him much information, part courses give you musical results irnrnedi- I ately, and the more you play the better I TheSchober Organ Corp., Dept. T0-4 of whteh was facts as well as theory . Mr . 1 you get. 1 43 West 61st Street, New York, N. Y. 10023 Audsley was the author of "The Art of 1 Over 50% of Schober Organ owners 1 never handled an electronic job before D Please send me Schober Organ Catalog and Organ Building " and "The Organ of the I free 7-inch "sample" record. I Twentieth Century. " He included what and didn't play a note, yet assembled I □ Enclosed please find $1.00 for 12-inch I he had learned from Cavaille-Coll as well - some of the best organs ever designed I L.P. record of Schober Organ music. I and get a daily thrill from making their as his own deductions in his books. own music. Isn't it time for you to take I NAME ······· ······························ ······ ·········· ······· I To me Mr. Audsley's explanation of ~his cost-saving road to greater musical I ADDRESS ....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... I musical acoustics seemed to be the most pleasure-:-and enjoy the satisfaction of I doing it yourself? I CITY .................... .... STATE .......... ZIP NO ...... logical. Many of his deductions are con- -----------------~------------~--J 17 theatre organ I bombarde "You may remember that last year, and there's all the enthusiasm; where HARMONICS/BARTON we had a series of silent movies at Occi­ were they when I was playing in the (Continued from Page 17) dental College. This was not Flicker Fin­ theater? There didn't seem to be any­ gers; it was a silent movie festival. We body paying attention to the organ in the chest is the foot in flue pipes. It is played the scores on a concert organ, those days. It was all taken for granted. a boot in metal reed pipes. The extreme doing theater effects on the most rigid ot The organ rose out of the pit, and we bottom which fits into the air hole in concert instruments, a great Skinner." played a little organ solo. If the folks the wind chest is the toe on all stops. liked ic, they gave you a big hand; if In reed pipes the shallot ( echalotte) they didn't they sure didn't give you a is also called a reed. The vibrating part NOTHER place where Gaylord big hand! There was never anybody you is the tongue. A Career is featured is the Los An­ could really depend upon to be enthusi­ Block refers to part of the mouth in geles Spores Arena. "The Spores Arena astic, regardless of what happened. a wood stop; its counterpart in a metal is one of the places where an electronic pipe is the languid. A block is also a organ has been installed to use before "But, it is enormously stimulating to metal part of a reed stop. It is at the and during sporting events. The organ me, having played the theater organs in top of the boot and holds up the reso­ at the Dodger Stadium is a big feature the old days, and now seeing this revival nator. The shallot is on its underside.* of the action down there, and also at the of interest in the organ, in the silent Tongue is the vibrating brass strip in new Aneheim Stadium where the An­ movies and in the little presentations a reed pipe, also the hardwood piece that gels are. At the Sports Arena, I was which we have. joins the upper lip to the front board in a octave of a wood open diapason. privileged to play for the Blades, the "We recently went to Cincinnati with 16' Lakers, boxing events, track events and a Douglas Fairbanks picture, and 3,000 *The parts listed are illustrated in the article, all sorts of Sf?Orting activities. "How to Ruin a Theatre Organ," in the people turned out to see this presenta­ August, 1967, issue of this publication. "There, y~u play, more or less, the tion and hear the organ. They were b b b kind of music which will heighten the enormously enthusiastic. It was a great A little understood element of a pipe action. People will come up to you and night in the theater, and I'm sure I was organ is the harmonic structure of the give you requests, and of course, all the having more fun than anybody there. pipe. Harmonics are present in some de­ kids want to hear the Batman theme "One of the greatest experiences in gree in every musical sound.
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