Reading Frontinus in Martial Epigrams1 Alice König Frontinus
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Martial Acronym in Ennius?
From Museum Criticum XXX-XXXI (1995-96), 281-83 MICHAEL HEN Two Notes on Suetonius1 1. Vers. Pop. 5 FLP Courtney (apud Jul. 80.3) In his account of events leading up to the assassination of Julius Caesar (Jul. 80), Suetonius preserves a fascinating bit of contemporary verse.2 Though customarily in- cluded in collections of fragmentary Latin verse, the pasquinade is surely complete in it- self. Whether the text is quite sound is another question. I quote 80.3-4:3 subscripsere quidam Luci Bruti statuae: ‘utinam uiueres—’. item ipsius Caesaris: Brutus, quia reges eiecit, consul primus factus est: hic, quia consules eiecit, rex postremo factus est. conspiratum est in eum a sexaginta amplius, Gaio Cassio Marcoque et Decimo Bruto principibus conspirationis. Despite the hazards involved in emending the text of an author as utterly and irretrievably anonymous as this one,4 I suggest that postremo should be emended to postremus. Once abbreviated to postremu’, the smallest slip of the pen would have produced postremo. There would have been nothing to arouse the suspicion of the copyist, since the meaning of postremo is at least adequate. Caesar did more or less ‘become king in the end’, and might well have done so in name as well as in fact, if he had not been assassinated. There are two specific advantages to reading postremus. First, it produces better par- allelism. Everything else in the two lines is strictly parallel, except hic for Caesar, but 1 I quote Suetonius (including the embedded quotation) from the Teubner text of M. IHM, Suetonius, Vol. -
Frontinus: De Aquaeductu Urbis Romae by Robert H. Rodgers Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 42
Frontinus: De aquaeductu urbis Romae by Robert H. Rodgers Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 42. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xv + 431. 11 Tables. ISBN 0--521-- 83251--9.Cloth $130.00 Reviewed by John Peter Oleson University of Victoria [email protected] In AD 97, Sextus Julius Frontinus, one of the most distinguished and influential men in late first century Rome, accepted from Nerva the post of curator aquarum for the city. Not coincidentally, at the same time, he served on a senatorial commission looking for ways to cut the costs of administering Rome and the Empire. In 98, Frontinus was part of the small group of senators who held the constitutional reins of power until the arrival of Trajan, and he may have contin- ued in office as curator aquarum until 100, or even until his death in 103/4. After a life of these and other accomplishments, with ironic modesty, he declared that a funerary monument would be superflu- ous: inpensa monumenti supervacua est; memoria nostri durabit, si vita meruimus 1 [Pliny, Ep. 9.19.6--8]. Sometime around 98, Frontinus prepared a booklet that may have been entitled De aquaeductu urbis Romae. This commentarius on the water-supply system of Rome is unique among the surviving works of Latin literature, and—although relatively brief (about 12,750 words in length)—it has spawned a bulky modern bibliography. Rodgers has meticulously prepared a critical edition of the text and a commentary that synthesizes all this previous work, and supersedes previous editions and commentaries. It is a shame that Rodgers’ elegant and precise translation, which has now appeared with notes for undergraduate readers in Rodgers 2005, was not included with the edition.2 The issues involved in the study of the De aquaeductu are many and varied: the text, the form of the booklet, its intended audience 1 ‘The expense of a monument is superfluous. -
Martial's and Juvenal's Attitudes Toward Women Lawrence Phillips Davis
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 5-1973 Martial's and Juvenal's attitudes toward women Lawrence Phillips Davis Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Davis, Lawrence Phillips, "Martial's and Juvenal's attitudes toward women" (1973). Master's Theses. Paper 454. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MARTIAL' S AND JUVENAL' S ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN BY LAWRENCE PHILLIPS DAVIS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF·ARTS IN ANCIENT LANGUAGES MAY 1973 APPROVAL SHEET of Thesis PREFACE The thesis offers a comparison between the views of Martial and Juvenal toward women based on selected .Epigrams of the former and Satire VI of the latter. Such a comparison allows the reader to place in perspective the attitudes of both authors in regard to the fairer sex and reveals at least a portion of the psychological inclination of both writers. The classification of the selected Epigrams ·and the se lected lines of Satire VI into categories of vice is arbi- . trary and personal. Subjective interpretation of vocabulary and content has dictated the limits and direction of the clas sification. References to scholarship regarding the rhetori cal, literary, and philosophic influences on Martial and Ju venal can be found in footnote6 following the chapter concern-· ~ng promiscuity. -
Frontinus and Domitian: the Politics of the Strategemata
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham ePrints Malloch, S.J.V. (2015) Frontinus and Domitian: the politics of the Strategemata. Chiron, 45 . pp. 77-100. ISSN 0069-3715 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32812/1/Chiron45_003_Malloch_final.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] CHIRON MITTEILUNGEN DER KOMMISSION FÜR ALTE GESCHICHTE UND EPIGRAPHIK DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Sonderdruck aus Band 45 · 2015 DE GRUYTER INHALT DES 45. BANDES (2015) Rodney Ast – Roger S. Bagnall, The Receivers of Berenike. New Inscriptions from the 2015 Season Denis Feissel – Michael Wörrle, Eine Ehrung des Älteren Theodosius und ein spätantikes Edikt zur Steuererhebung in Limyra Christopher P. Jones, The Earthquake of 26 BCE in Decrees of Mytilene and Chios J. E. Lendon, Rhetoric and Nymphaea in the Roman Empire Andrew Lepke – Christof Schuler – Klaus Zimmermann, Neue Inschriften aus Patara III: Elitenrepräsentation und Politik in Hellenismus und Kaiserzeit Peter Londey, Making up Delphic history – the 1st Sacred War revisited S. -
Romans and Barbarians in Tacitus' Battle Narratives
ROMANS AND BARBARIANS IN TACITUS’ BATTLE NARRATIVES by RYAN MICHAEL SEEGER (Under the direction of Dr. Susan Mattern-Parkes) ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to examine how Tacitus constructs ethnic stereotypes, namely those of the Romans and of the barbarians, in his battle narratives. The first section of the study explores his descriptions of technical aspects of the battle narrative, such as topography, use of weaponry, battle formations, and sieges. The second section examines the value judgments that Tacitus makes about the combatants and their actions, discussing the themes of discipline and virtus, as well as the leaders’ ability to lead by example and stifle dissent. In his descriptions of both the technical and the “moral” aspects of battle, Tacitus shapes his Romans quite differently from his barbarians. Tacitus constructs identities in his battle narratives possibly to satisfy his audience’s expectations or to make the scenes more understandable. Such constructions indicate that ethnocentrism plays an important role in Latin historiography, revealing racial prejudice in Roman society. INDEX WORDS: Tacitus, battle narratives, Roman army, barbarians, ethnicity. ROMANS AND BARBARIANS IN TACITUS’ BATTLE NARRATIVES by RYAN MICHAEL SEEGER B. A., Appalachian State University, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2002 © 2002 Ryan Michael Seeger All Rights Reserved ROMANS AND BARBARIANS IN TACITUS’ BATTLE NARRATIVES by RYAN MICHAEL SEEGER Approved: Major Professor: Susan Mattern-Parkes Committee: James Anderson Erika Thorgerson-Hermanowicz Electronic Version Approved: Gordhan L. Patel Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2002 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Several people were instrumental in the completion of this thesis. -
The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome
THE AQUEDUCTS OF ANCIENT ROME by EVAN JAMES DEMBSKEY Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR. M.E.A. DE MARRE CO-SUPERVISOR: DR. R. EVANS February 2009 2 Student Number 3116 522 2 I declare that The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome is my own work and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. .......................... SIGNATURE (MR E J DEMBSKEY) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to: My supervisors, Dr. M. De Marre and Dr. R. Evans for their positive attitudes and guidance. My parents and Angeline, for their support. I'd like to dedicate this study to my mother, Alicia Dembskey. Contents LIST OF FIGURES . v LIST OF TABLES . vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 Objectives . 6 1.3 Conclusion . 7 2 METHODOLOGY 11 2.1 Introduction . 11 2.2 Conclusion . 16 3 SOURCES 19 3.1 Introduction . 19 3.2 Literary evidence . 20 3.3 Archaeological evidence . 29 3.4 Numismatic evidence . 30 3.5 Epigraphic evidence . 32 3.6 Conclusion . 37 4 TOOLS, SKILLS AND CONSTRUCTION 39 4.1 Introduction . 39 4.2 Levels . 39 4.3 Lifting apparatus . 43 4.4 Construction . 46 4.5 Cost . 51 i 4.6 Labour . 54 4.7 Locating the source . 55 4.8 Surveying the course . 56 4.9 Construction materials . 58 4.10 Tunnels . 66 4.11 Measuring capacity . -
Livy on Pows in the Early Days of the Republic
Livy on POWs in the Early Days of the Republic 2017 is thought to mark the 2000th anniversary of the death of the great Roman historian Titus Livy. His history of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) was extremely widely read in his own times and remains so today as one of the principle sources both for Roman history and Roman opinions about what happened, even if we are aware that much of the era before 275 BC is a compilation of oral history, patriotic tradition, and legend. Livy has played a great contribution then and now in explaining how Romans thought history took place and he has helped shape modern notions of the Roman world, sometimes beyond his own expectation and even in a few places beyond his intention. Livy’s position on POWs in the Roman world is a perfect example of the latter. In no small part due to Livy, the Roman legionnaire was famous for refusing to surrender and choosing either to fight their way out (and often die trying) or fall on their own sword(s) when escape was impossible. Polybius indirectly mentions this ferocity as a reason that Roman armies defeated Greek armies, and Livy boldly asserts it as part of the Roman martial code. Livy 22.61 ff very clearly asserts that the Romans abandoned the POWs taken at Cannae, and this decision inadvertently created the Roman policy to spurn POWs until victory had been achieved (and the old tradition to diminish their social status was continued for those who were repatriated). The year 216 BC therefore forms the divider line – as a Mason-Dixon Line in time – since the Romans considered all POWs slaves of their captors. -
Roman Literature Under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian
Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian Literary Interactions, ad 96–138 Edited by Alice König and Christopher Whitton ROMAN LITE·RATURE UNDER NERVA, TRAJAN AND HADRIAN Literary Interactions, AD 96-I38 for John Henderson EDITED BY ALICE KÖNIG Univenity ofSt And~s, Scotland CHRISTOPHER WHITTON Univenity of Cambridge EI CAMBRIDGE ~ UNIVERSITY PRESS 20 /18 ROMAN LITERATURE UNDER NERVA, TRAJAN AND HADRIAN This volume is the first holistic investigation of Roman liceracure and literary culture under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (AD 96-138). Wich case scudies from Frontinus, Juvenal, Martial, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Quintilian, Suetonius and Tacitus among others, the eigh teen chapters offer not just innovative readings ofliterary (and some 'less literary') texts, but a collaborative enquiry into the networks and culcure in which they are embedded. The book brings together estab lished and novel methodologies to explore the connections, conver sations and silences between these texts and their authors, both on and off the page. The scholarly dialogues that result not only shed fresh light on the dynamics of literary production and consumption in the 'High Roman Empire', but offer new provocations to students ofintercextuality and interdiscursivity across classical literature. How can and should we read textual interactions in their social, literary and cultural contexts? ALICE KÖNIG is Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of St Andrews. Her research focuses on ancient technical literature and the history of science, and the relationship between politics, society and literature in the early principate. She is preparing a monograph on ehe author and statesman Sextus Julius Frontinus, and has published a series of articles on Vitruvius, Frontinus and Tacitus. -
Introduction – the Transformation of the Classics
INTRODUCTION – THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CLASSICS. PRACTICES, FORMS, AND FUNCTIONS OF EARLY MODERN COMMENTING Karl A.E. Enenkel Recently, a vivid interest in commentaries came into being, as did a sense of the important role commentaries have played in the transmission of the classical heritage, especially in the early modern period.1 Early mod- ern intellectuals rarely read classical authors in a simple and “direct” form, but generally via intermediary paratexts: dedications, prefaces, and other introductory texts; argumenta; indices; illustrations; and above all, all kinds of commentaries – annotationes, notae, commenta, commentaria, com- mentariola, animadversiones, paraphrases, etc. These intermediary texts presented the classical text to modern readers in certain ways that deter- mined and guided the reader’s perception of the text being commented upon. After all, the classical texts were composed in ages so very different from the period ca. 1450–1700. They were not only 1,000–2,000 years old, but they were written in a culture that in many respects had become alien to early modern readers. It was not self-evident to readers from 1450–1700 in what way these texts should be read, interpreted, and used. Take, for example, Martial’s Epigrams, which are full of explicit, partly homoerotic sexuality; they describe sexual practices and positions of lovemaking; they describe oral and anal sex, both heterosexual and homosexual; and many times they address pederasty. As Martial says in the first book of his Epi- grams, his ‘verses cannot please without a cock’ (‘non possunt sine mentula placere’).2 In 1450–1700, however, sexual culture was directed on the one hand by Catholic Church, which – via a long tradition – had restricted not only the representations of sexual practices but the practices themselves 1 Cf. -
Sextus Julius Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus Frontinus, Sextus Julius Frontinus (? - 103/104 AD): Frontinus was Rome’s water commissioner (curator aquarum) at the end of the 1st Century AD under the emperors Nerva and Trajan. Frontinus’ books have made him the most famous of the Roman engineers. He has left us his written personal account of the water system of Rome: De aquae urbis Romae. In this book he describes in proud detail the sources, length, and function of each of Rome’s aqueducts. Frontinus is best remembered for his statement (Frontinus, trans. By Bennett, 1961, p. 357): " . with such an array of indispensable structures carrying so many waters, compare if you will, the idle Pyramids or the useless, though famous works of the Greek." This quotation tells us a lot about Frontinus; he was a utilitarian public servant with little interest in beauty apart from function. Frontinus was born in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. He began his career as a horse soldier, but he first surfaces in 70 AD when he was a praetor urbanus. Only three years later he became consul; in between he had conducted military business (of unknown character) in Gallia. In 74 AD, he became governor of Britannia, where altogether a fourth of the armed forces of the empire, including 4 legions, were located. This command continued until 77 AD. It is now regarded as a certainty that Frontinus was involved in military campaigns after Domitian’s accession, namely in the first war against the Chatti. A further sign of the appreciation Domitian had for him is that he was given the post of proconsul Asiae in 85/86 AD. -
PATRONAGE in MARTIAL's EPIGRAMS the Evidence for Martial's Relations with His Patrons Is to Be Found Almost Exclusively in the E
CHAPTER ONE PATRONAGE IN MARTIAL'S EPIGRAMS The evidence for Martial's relations with his patrons is to be found almost exclusively in the Epigrams themselves. The major exception is a letter written by Pliny the Younger around 103, on hearing the news of Martial's death (Ep. 3.21 )1. The letter is instructive enough to be given in full: Dear Cornelius Priscus, I hear that Valerius Martialis has died and I take it to heart. He was tal ented, clever, and keen, and his writings contained a lot of humour and mockery, but were also full of compliments. (2) I had sent him on his way with a travel allowance when he retired from Rome: I had given it (dederam) in recognition of our friendship (amicitiae), I had given it (dederam) also in recognition of the verses he has composed about me. (3) It was an ancient tradition to reward with honours or money those who had written the praises of individuals or cities; but in our days, like much else that was splendid and excellent, this was among the first things to go out of fashion. For now that we have ceased to perform praiseworthy deeds, we think it inappropriate to be praised at all. (4) You want to know the verses for which I rendered my thanks (gratiam rettuli)? I would refer you to the publication, if I did not know some of them by heart; if you like these, you can look up the rest in the book. (5) He addresses his Muse, instructs her to seek my house on the Es quiline, to appoach respectfully: But look to it that that you do not knock drunkenly on his elo quent door at an unsuitable time. -
Moreland & Fleischer Unit Readings from Units 5-8 Cicero, Catullus
Moreland & Fleischer Unit Readings from Units 5-8 Cicero, Catullus, Martial, Terence and one summary of story of Aeneas and Turnus from Unit 5. Grammar: participles, infinitives and indirect statement, (unit 6), 3rd declension nouns (unit 6), subjunctive in subordinate clauses in indirect statement (unit 7). m. Reading Moreland Fleischer unit 5 p. 96 Antequam t pius Aeneas oppidum condere2 potuit, bellum Aeneae piignandum fuit. Arma autem Aeneae non fuerunt. Filius deae matrem 3 arma oravit ut inimlcos interficeret. Mater 3 deo imperavit ut arma historia 4 populi Romani Inscripta s faceret. Arma accipiens 6 Aeneas mox piignare incepit quamquam historiam 4 populi Romani intellegere non potuit. Inimicus erat impius Tumus, vir diirus, piignare ardens. Media nocte 7 dea ad Turnum venit ut ei s imperaret ut cum Aeneii piignaret. Ruens ad bellum Turnus socios Aeneae invasit et amicum Aeneae interfecit. Populus socius bellum gestiirus deos auxilium~> oravit. "Auxilium9 ciiris a dis to dandum est," sensit; "si di auxilium9 dabunt, dona multa iiris deorum dare debebimus." Cum Aenea socii magno cum studiO piignaverunt. Turno parsiirus,ll Aeneas tamen eum 12 interfecit. Tumus interficiendus erat ut pius impium superans oppidum conderet.2 1 antequam (conj.), 'before' 2 condo, -ere, condidi, cooditus, 'found' 3 miter (nom.), mitrem (ace.), 'mother' 4 historla, -ae, F., 'history' s inscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -ser~..- tus, 'inscribe' 6 accipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus, 'receive' 7 node (abl.), 'in the night' 8 ei (dat.), 'him' 9 auxillum, -i, N., 'aid' 10 The ablative of agent with a passive peri· phrastic is regularly used instead of the dative of agent in order to avoid confusion when another dative is closely associated with the verb.