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The Role of MENA Stock Exchanges in Corporate Governance the Role of MENA Contents Stock Exchanges Executive Summary Introduction in Corporate Governance Part I
The Role of MENA Stock Exchanges in Corporate Governance The Role of MENA Contents Stock Exchanges Executive Summary Introduction in Corporate Governance Part I. Key Features of MENA Markets Dominant state ownership Low regional and international integration Moderate competition for listings Young markets, dominated by a few sectors High levels of retail investment Diversifi cation of fi nancial products Part II. The Role of Exchanges in Corporate Governance The regulatory role The listing authority Corporate governance codes Disclosure and transparency The enforcement powers Concluding Remarks Annex I. About The Taskforce Annex II. Consolidated Responses to the OECD Questionnaire Annex III. Largest Listed Companies in the MENA region www.oecd.org/daf/corporateaffairs/mena Photos on front cover : © Media Center/Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) and © Argus/Shutterstock.com 002012151cov.indd 1 12/06/2012 12:48:57 The Role of MENA Stock Exchanges in Corporate Governance This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2012 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. -
An Evaluation of Factors Contributing to the Stock Market Liquidity Constraints Or Companies Listed on the Namibian Stock Exchange
International Journal of Accounting Research (IJAR) Vol. 2, No. 8, 2015 Publisher: ZARSMI, UAE, and Regent Business School, South Africa AN EVALUATION OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE STOCK MARKET LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS OR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE NAMIBIAN STOCK EXCHANGE Albert Mutonga Matongela Graduate of the Regent Business School, Durban Republic of South Africa External Supervisor Attached to the Regent Business School, Durban, Republic of South Africa Anis Mahomed Karodia akarodia@regent,ac.za Professor, Senior Academic and Researcher, Regent Business School, Durban, Republic of South Africa Abstract In 1992, the Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) was established, amongst others, to facilitate investment in capital markets. Stakeholders have raised concerns that liquidity is low on the NSX. The African Economic Outlook has pointed out that the NSX faces the challenge of few locally issued securities and low liquidity. On its part, the Ministry of Finance is of the view that the NSX is characterized by low levels of liquidity. The aim of this research was to evaluate factors contributing to the stock market liquidity constraints for companies listed on the NSX. Key Words: Evaluation, Factors, Stock Exchange, Liquidity, Regulatory, Corporate Governance, Capital Markets Introduction Stock market liquidity is linked to savings mobilization, long-term capital investment, risk diversification, stock market development and economic growth (Ahmed, Shahbaz and Ali, 2008: 191; Antonios, 2010: 8; Omet, 2011: 4). Lack of liquidity is a serious impediment to the efficient functioning of stock markets and impacts stock prices adversely (Bokpin (2013: 2143). Liquidity is the ability to trade financial securities easily and at a low cost (Yartey, 2008: 16). -
Redalyc.Market Segmentation: Venezuelan Adrs
INNOVAR. Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales ISSN: 0121-5051 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia Garay, Urbi; González, Maximiliano Market segmentation: Venezuelan ADRs INNOVAR. Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales, vol. 22, núm. 46, octubre-diciembre, 2012, pp. 73-85 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81827442007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Finanzas y marketing revista innovarjournal market segmentation: Venezuelan adrs Urbi Garay Ph.d. en finanzas, Universidad de massachusetts, amherst, m.a. en economía internacional y desarrollo, yale University. economista, Universidad Católica andrés Bello. Profesor, instituto de estudios superiores de administración Correo electrónico: [email protected] Maximiliano González segmentación de mercados: adrs VeneZolanos Ph.d en administración de negocios y Finanzas, tulane University. magíster en resúmen: los controles cambiarios impuestos en venezuela en 2003 administración de negocios, iesa. licenciado en Ciencias administrativas, Universidad constituyen un experimento natural que permite a los investigadores ob- metropolitana Caracas venezuela. Profesor asociado, Universidad de los andes servar el efecto que tales controles tuvieron sobre la segmentación del mercado de capitales. este trabajo presenta evidencia empírica que su- Correo electrónico: [email protected] giere que, aún cuando el mercado de capitales venezolano se encontraba altamente segmentado antes de que se impusieran los controles, las ac- ciones de la empresa Cantv estaban, por medio de sus american deposi- tary Receipts (adRs o certificados de depósito americanos), parcialmente integrados con los mercados globales. -
Risk and Return in Domestic and Foreign Stock Trading: the Gcc Perspective
RISK AND RETURN IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN STOCK TRADING: THE GCC PERSPECTIVE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Jassim M. Aladwani BSc Computer Sciences, Bahrain University, Kingdom of Bahrain MBA Finance, AMA International University, Kingdom of Bahrain School of Economics Finance and Marketing College of Business RMIT University June 2016 Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. Jassim M. Aladwani June 2016 ii Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiii List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... xxi Summary ........................................................................................................................ xxiv Statement of Authorship ............................................................................................... -
Modernizing the Public Equity Market in Nepal
Framing the Issues: Modernizing the Public Equity Market in Nepal JOHN SCHELLHASE, STACI WARDEN ABOUT THE MILKEN INSTITUTE CONTENTS The Milken Institute is a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank. 2 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW For the past three decades, the Milken Institute has served as a catalyst for practical, scalable solutions to global challenges by connecting human, financial, and 5 PART I FOUNDATIONS FOR CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT: educational resources to those who need them. Guided by a conviction that the POLITICAL AND MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND A STRONG, STABLE BANKING SECTOR best ideas, under-resourced, cannot succeed, we conduct research and analysis and convene top experts, innovators, and influencers from different backgrounds and 7 Political and Macroeconomic Stability competing viewpoints. We leverage this expertise and insight to construct programs 8 The Banking Sector and policy initiatives. 13 PART II DEVELOPING THE NEPSE: ATTRACTING ISSUERS, These activities are designed to help people build meaningful lives in which EXPANDING THE INVESTMENT BASE, AND IMPROVING THE they can experience health and well-being, pursue effective education and TRADING ENVIRONMENT gainful employment, and access the resources required to create ever-expanding 14 Attracting Issuers opportunities for themselves and their broader communities. 25 Attracting Investors 31 Improving the Trading Environment and Increasing Liquidity ABOUT THE GLOBAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE 37 PART III OWNERSHIP, GOVERNANCE, AND REGULATION The Milken Institute’s Global -
Looking for a Safe-Haven in a Crisis-Driven Venezuela
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1750-6166.htm Caracas stock Looking for a safe-haven in a exchange crisis-driven Venezuela The Caracas stock exchange vs gold, oil and bitcoin 475 Ida Musialkowska Received 20 January 2020 European Studies, Poznan University of Economics, Poznan, Poland Revised 20 February 2020 Accepted 1 March 2020 Agata Kliber Department of Applied Mathematics, Poznan University of Economics, Poznan, Poland Katarzyna Swierczy nska Economic Journalism and Public Relations, Poznan University of Economics, Poznan, Poland, and Paweł Marszałek Money and Banking, Poznan University of Economics, Poznan, Poland Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to find, which of the assets: gold, oil or bitcoin can be considered a safe-haven for investors in a crisis-driven Venezuela. The authors look also at the governmental change of approach towards the use and mining of cryptocurrencies being one of the assets and potential applications of bitcoin as (quasi) money. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected the daily data (a period from 01 May 2014 to 31 July 2018) on the development of the following magnitudes: Caracas Stock Exchange main index: Índice Bursátil de Capitalisacion (IBC) index; gold price in US dollars, the oil price in US dollars and Bitcoin price in bolivar fuerte (VEF) (LocalBitcoins). The authors estimated a threshold VAR model between IBC and each of the possible safe-haven assets, where the trigger variable was the IBC; then the authors modelled the residuals from the TVAR model using MGARCH model with dynamic conditional correlation. -
Non-Listed Companies in Venezuela Tendencies, Legal Frameworks, Promotion of Corporate Governance
The Seventh Meeting of the Latin American Corporate Governance Roundtable 22-23 June, 2006 Buenos Aires, Argentina Non-listed Companies in Venezuela Tendencies, legal frameworks, promotion of Corporate Governance By Sonia De Paola de Gathmann General Manager Venezuelan Association of Executives AVE www.ave.org.ve &25325$7(*29(51$1&(,19(1(=8(/$ 3URPRWLQJ D ORFDO DJHQGD EDVHG RQ HWKLFV WUDQVSDUHQF\ DQG DFFRXQWDELOLW\ The Non-listed Company in Venezuela Much has been said about Corporate Governance, its significance and application regarding open-capital companies engaged in capital markets; however, the Venezuelan economy mainly consists ofs non-listed closed-capital companies: family-owned and/or state-owned small and medium-sized companies, as well as large companies, whose shares do not quote on stock markets. The small and medium-sized company sector represents 95% of the Venezuelan market, being one of the main generators of employment and job opportunities in the country. There are also non-listed large companies operating in the country, which have a great capacity to shape the remaining economy due to their influence on the creation of business networks, and its interactions with the small and medium sized companies which finally represent the vast majority of the country’s business community. There are also state-owned companies (or those in which the government has a significant stock participation). Basic industry has a significant role in the Venezuelan economy: gas companies, mining and metallurgic companies, such as ALCASA and VENALUM, some companies from the power sector, such as CADAFE, and, certainly, Petroleos de Venezuela PDVSA, which is a particular case due to the sensitivity of oil-related matters within our country. -
Report of the 5 Th Meeting
FIFTH MEETING OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES’ STOCK EXCHANGES FORUM FINAL REPORT OF THE FIFTH MEETING OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES’ STOCK EXCHANGES FORUM ISTANBUL, SEPTEMBER 17-18, 2011 The Marmara Hotel Istanbul, September 2011 1 FINAL REPORT OF THE FIFTH MEETING OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES’ STOCK EXCHANGES FORUM ISTANBUL, SEPTEMBER 17-18, 2011 The Marmara Hotel Istanbul, September 2011 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Report of the Fifth Meeting of the OIC Member States’ Stock Exchanges Forum ANNEXES I. Presentation by Mr. Thomas Krabbe II. Presentation by Mr. Roland Bellegarde III. Presentation by Mr. Lauri Rosendahl IV. Presentation by Mr. Stephan Pouyat V. Presentation by Mr. Philippe Carré VI. Presentation by Mr. Rushdi Siddiqui on behalf of Thomson Reuters VII. Presentation by Mr. Ibrahim Idjarmizuan on behalf of IFSB VIII. Presentation by Mr. Gürsel Kona from the Istanbul Stock Exchange IX. Presentation by Mr. Ijlal Alvi on behalf of IIFM X. Presentation by Avşar Sungurlu, on behalf of BMD Securities Inc. XI. Presentation by Mr. Hüseyin Erkan, as Forum Chairman XII. Presentation by Şenay Pehlivanoğlu on behalf of the Task Force for Customized Indices and Exchange Traded Islamic Financial Products XIII. Presentation by Mr. Charbel Azzi on behalf of S&P Indices XIV. Presentation by Dr. Eralp Polat on behalf of the Forum Secretariat XV. Presentation by Mr. Abolfazl Shahrabadi and Mr. Hamed Soltaninejad on behalf of the Task Force for Capital Market Linkages 3 FINAL REPORT OF THE FFIFTH MEETING OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES’ STOCK EXCHANGES FORUM ISTANBUL, SEPTEMBER 17-18, 2011 4 Original: English FINAL REPORT OF THE FIFTH MEETING OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES’ STOCK EXCHANGES FORUM (Istanbul, September 17-18, 2011) 1. -
Relationship Between Risk and Return of Stocks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK AND RETURN OF STOCKS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE DANIEL MWANGI MWANIKI D61/84153/2012 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI NOVEMBER, 2015 DECLARATION This Research Project is my original work and has not been presented for an award of a degree in any other university or learning institution. Signature: …………………………………….. Date: ……………………………. Daniel Mwangi Mwaniki D61/84153/2012 This Research Project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University supervisor. Signature: …………………………………………….. Date: ……………………………. Prof. Josiah Aduda The Dean, School of Business, University of Nairobi II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Josiah Aduda, for his guidance; scholarly assistance and inspiration in making this research a reality. His devotion and encouragement towards the progress of this study from the initial stages to completion is highly appreciated. I would also like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank the Chairman of the Department of Finance and Accounting, Mr. Herick O. Ondigo. A special thanks to my family; Carmel, the love of my life and our children Andrew, Stephanie and Mary. Thanks also to my parents, my brothers and sisters, my classmates; David Mwangi, and George Maina. Sincere gratitude goes to my friends who supported me and those who we studied together. Finally, while I may not be able to mention and recognize the effort of others who contributed in one way or the other, I avail myself of this opportunity to thank you all. III DEDICATION I dedicate this project to my wife, Carmel Mwangi, for her unconditional support and help. -
Smes and Public Equity Financing: a New Dataset of SME Boards in Emerging-Market and Developing Economies
SMEs and Public Equity Financing: A New Dataset of SME Boards in Emerging-Market and Developing Economies John Schellhase and Jim Woodsome August 2017 Introduction In recent years, a number of stock exchanges in emerging-market and developing economies have established dedicated market segments for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of these SME boards, as they are often called, is to expand access to equity finance for relatively small but growing firms with the potential, as a group, to significantly contribute to economic growth and employment. In some cases, SME boards also serve as feeder exchanges, incubating firms for later graduation to a stock exchange’s main board. Today, there around 30 dedicated SME boards in emerging-market and developing economies, the majority of which have been established in the last decade or so. Due to the role these firms can play in creating jobs and diversifying economies, improving access to finance for SMEs is a long-standing policy goal in developed and developing countries alike. As banks have curbed their lending to SMEs in the wake of the global financial crisis, policymakers and industry bodies are now increasingly emphasizing non-bank financing alternatives for SMEs. Public equity financing is one option that may be suitable for fast-growing SMEs with the capacity to meet the listing requirements. SME boards may contribute to expanding financial access for SMEs both directly, by facilitating access to public equity financing, and indirectly, by incentivizing listing firms to improve their financial reporting and corporate governance practices, which may, in turn, make them more appealing to credit-based lenders. -
Cooperation Among the Stock Exchanges of the Oic Member Countries
Journal of Economic Cooperation, 27 -3 (2006), 121-162 COOPERATION AMONG THE STOCK EXCHANGES OF THE OIC MEMBER COUNTRIES SESRTCIC In response to the increased competition prevailing in the international financial markets, national stock exchanges around the world recently made several attempts to upgrade their cooperation and improve their integration. Those attempts took often the form of coalitions, common trading platforms, mergers, associations, federations and unions. Like others, the OIC countries have recently intensified their efforts to promote cooperation among their stock exchanges with a view to developing and consolidating a mechanism for a possible form of integration among themselves. This paper reviews the experiences of various stock exchange alliances established at regional and international levels and draws some lessons for the OIC countries’ stock exchanges in terms of the need for harmonising their physical, institutional and legal frameworks and policies and sharing their investor base. 1. INTRODUCTION As the international trade and financial flows accelerated, the global economy witnessed an increase in the pace of integration. This process of globalisation is most evidently observed in the capital and financial markets. One important element that has led to such a result is the technological advancement in the information and telecommunications sector. Hence, financial transactions became instantaneous and the information guiding investments open to everybody. In this context, technological advancements and the resulting accelerated flow of information have increased efficiency, fairness, transparency and safety in the international financial and capital markets. 122 Journal of Economic Cooperation As those developments introduced new prospects and benefits to the stock markets all around the world, they increased competition among the financial markets, securities exchanges in particular. -
2020 Market Highlights
2020 Market Highlights Summary 2020 was an extraordinary year for everyone, perhaps rather too eventful. The Covid-19 pandemic, the US presidential election, Brexit, the resignation of Japan’s prime minister Shinzo Abe and increased tension between the US and China created vast economic uncertainty and a flood of pessimistic forecasts. In March we saw market volatility levels comparable only to those of the Great Financial Crisis of 2008 and for months on end, normal working, travel, and leisure arrangements were severely disrupted. When we look at the data, the magnitude of the shock is evident, particularly in March. But what is remarkable is that despite the exceptional circumstances and even during the worst days of the crisis, markets remained open and functioning. In addition, after the peak in uncertainty observed in March, markets quickly recovered. By the end of July, most indicators registered a quick reversal to the activity levels seen before the pandemic, reflecting a strong confidence in the markets and in their role in supporting the economy. Towards the end of the year, the news of the development and approval of several Covid-19 vaccines, the final agreement between the UK and the EU, and the outcome of the US elections seemed to have boosted the confidence of investors and issuers, driving markets to end the year on a high note. Key Indicators Equities • After a sharp drop (20.7%) in Q1, domestic market capitalisation quickly recovered, reaching pre-pandemic levels by the end of Q2. • In November 2020, global market capitalisation passed the 100 USD trillion mark for the first time, ending the year at 109.21 USD trillion, up 19.7% when compared with the end of 2019.