Early Tertiary Nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico: a Review

Early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico: A review

JOSEPH H. HARTMAN Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

ABSTRACT ties and lack of published re-examination of these mollusks and Knowledge of early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New their stratigraphic relations. This study reviews the molluscan tax- Mexico is limited because of poor geographic records of type locali- onomy and approximate geographic and stratigraphic position of ties and lack of published re-examination of these mollusks and existing collections mentioned in the published literature. Because a their stratigraphic relations. All published unequivocal early Ter- detailed taxonomic review is beyond the scope of this paper, origi- tiary records of Mollusca in New Mexico are from the Nacimiento nal generic assignments are used for the most part, but annotations (Paleocene) and San Jose (Eocene) Formations of northwestern are made for certain species. Many of these genera are assigned to Sandoval County. The five reported Nacimiento localities are families incorrectly and probably are incorrectly assigned at higher probably Torrejonian (middle Paleocene), although a Puercan taxonomic levels as well. Nonprimary type specimens occurring in (early Paleocene) age for two of the localities cannot be ruled New Mexico have received little study; they are herein illustrated out. Nacimiento species include (* indicates species known only (Fig. 1) and reviewed in detail. Primary types that have not been from type locality): Unio whitei? Henderson, Holospira grangeri figured adequately heretofore are also illustrated (Fig. 1). Cockerell*, Pupa leidyi? Meek, Polygyra? petrochlora Cockerell*, The record on nonmarine molluscan species reported from Oreohelix nacimientensis (White), O. n. steini Cockerell*, Helix New Mexico can be divided into four formations and three geogra- adipis White*, H. chriacorum Cockerell*, Viviparus meeki Wenz, phic areas: (1) definite early Tertiary records in the Nacimiento and V. cf. V. conradi (Meek and Hayden), and Lioplacodes San Jose Formations of northwestern Sandoval County and (2) tenuicarinata? (Meek and Hayden). The reported occurrence of possible early Tertiary records in the Raton Formation of Colfax Helix hesperarche Cockerell in New Mexico is doubtful. The one County and Ringbone Formation of southern Grant County. reported San Jose locality is middle Wasatchian (middle early In my review of localities and faunules from the Nacimiento Eocene) in age. San Jose species include (* indicates species known and San Jose Formations that follows, each museum-number entry only from type locality): Viviparus calamodontis (Cockerell)*, and represents one specimen unless otherwise stated. The type specimen Goniobasis carteri Conrad. Nonmarine mollusks from the Raton designation (for example, syntype) recorded here follows the desig- Formation in Colfax County and Ringbone Formation of southern nation provided by each institution, unless otherwise stated. Species Gran County may be of Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. The characterized by the same original locality description are grouped Raton and Ringbone mollusks are not temporally diagnostic, but under one locality (designated by locality number, for example, do indicate a nonmarine environment for the enclosing sediments. L388). However, this does not necessarily mean that all such species were collected from the same stratum. All specimens have been INTRODUCTION compared to original illustrations. All maps mentioned are U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles (7.5 minute series, Knowledge of early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New 1:24,000), and their publication dates are parenthetically given in Mexico is limited because of poor geographic records of type locali- the text of this report.

Figure 1. Selected early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico. (A-I) Helix adipis White, locality L388, USNM-I 20073: (A-D) cotype, A-= apertural view, B = right lateral view, C = apical view, D = abapical view. (E-I) cotype, E = apertural view, F = right lateral view, G = apical view, H = oblique, aperture parallel with coiling axis, I = abapical view. (J-L) Helix chriacorum Cockerell, locality L3282, AMNH-FI'22365, holotype (specimen-distorted): J = right lateral view, K = apical view, L = abapical view. (M) Lioplacodes tenuicarinata? (Meek and Hayden), locality L3279, AMNH-FI 22991: K = apertural view. (N, O) Viviparus meeki Wenz, locality L3279, AMNH-FI 22999: N = apertural view, O = right lateral view. (P, Q) Viviparus cf V. conradi (Meek and Hayden), locality L3279, AMNH-FI 22999: P = apertural view, Q = right lateral view. (R, S) Viviparus calamodontis? (Cockerell), locality L3283, AMNH-FI 22367: R = apertural view, S = right lateral view. (T-W) Viviparus calamodontis (Cockerell), locality L3283: (T) paratype, AMNH-FI 22995: T = right lateral view. (U, V) holotype, AMNH-FI 22996: U = right lateral view, V = abapertural view. (W) paratype, AMNH-FI 22995 (distorted specimen): W = abapertural view.

Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part I, v. 92, p. 942-950, 2 figs., 3 tables, December 1981.

942

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Abbreviations used in this report: son (1959) studied mammals from the type section and reported AMNH-FI American Museum of Natural History - Fossil that about 75% of the Nacimiento there was reliably of Torrejonian Invertebrate collection age. Baltz (1967) remeasured the type section and added 61 m of ANSP-IP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadephia - strata to the bottom of the formation, thereby reducing to about Invertebrate Paleontology collection 55% the amount of the Nacimiento considered to be Torrejonian. USNM-I United States National Museum - Invertebrate Thus, on the basis of Simpson and-Baltz, mammal fossils are not Paleontology collection know from the upper 15 m and lower 91 to 99 m of the formation in USGS United States Geological Survey this area. Also, on the . basis of lithologic correlation, Baltz (1967) has suggested that Nacimiento strata of Puercan age are probably NONMARINE MOLLUSCA FROM THE present in this area. Although locality L388 was probably collected NACIMIENTO FORMATION from the strata assigned to the Torrejonian, a Puercan age for the locality cannot be ruled out. The only other locality.reported from All species of nonmarine Mollusca reported in the published the "Puerco" (L3280), was probably collected by the party led by literature from the Nacimiento Formation (Table 1) were collected J. L. Wortman party in. 1896, and reported by Cockerell (1914) as by vertebrate paleontologists or their collectors from 1882 to 1912 "probably Torrejon Formation." Wortman was clearly aware of the in northwestern Sandoval County. The geographic distribution of distinctiveness of the "Puerco" and "Torrejon" mammalian, hori- localities is delimited by the longitudes of Cuba, New Mexico zons (Matthew, 1897), but whether he made use of this distinction (106°57'30"W) to the upper reaches of Escavada Wash (about in the labeling of the mollusk specimens is uncertain. Henry 107°40'W) and by the latitudes of Nacimiento exposures between Fairfield Osborn's (1896) unpublished report on this expedition the underlying Ojo Alamo Formation and overlying San Jose mentions that the only successful collecting (mollusks are not spe- Formation. cifically mentioned) occurred in the "upper Puerco stratum" in a "fossil-bearing stratum ... of reddish colored clay," which is The Nacimiento Formation contains mammals that are the clearly Torrejonian in age. The land-mammal "age" of locality reference faunas of the Puercan and Torrejonian land-mammal L3280 is uncertain but most likely Torrejonion. "ages" (Simpson, 1948a, 1959). Almost all of the nonmarine mollusks are recorded from the "Torrejon beds," which , at the time of Our present understanding of age assignments of almost all collection (1896-1912), encompassed the stratigraphic interval Nacimiento mollusk species is based on their original reports. Only yielding mammals of Torrejonian age. The two "Puerco" records new collections tied to stratigraphic sections and land-mammal are reported by White (1886, locality L388) and Cockerall (1914, geochronology will more reliably define the ages of these species. locality L3280). There is little doubt that locality L388 was collected L388: White (1886, p. 15, 21, 26, 27) reported locality L388 as in the immediate vicinity of the type Nacimiento Formation (type from the "Puerco strata, near the town of Nacimiento" (approxi- "Puerco marls" of Cope, 1875) near Cuba (see under L388). Simp- mate present location of Cuba, New Mexico; see Simpson, 1959, for additional location information). This locality as assigned to USGS Mesozoic locality no. 601. The original label with the specimens TABLE 1. NONMARINE MOLLUSCA REPORTED FROM THE NACIMIENTO FORMATION records the locality as from the "Puerco Group . . . near the town of Nacimiento, New Mexico; at the headwaters of the Puerco of the Locality* Taxon| West." A rough sketch map of this area found with the fossils (but t L388 Helix adipis White, 1886 without an "x" indicating the location of the fossil locality) shows JL3282 Helix chriacorum Cockerell, 1914 ì L3279 Holospira grangeri Cockerell, 1914 the headwaters of the "Puerco of the West" (now Rio Puerco) west Includes part, possibly all, of the speciments assigned to of the town of Nacimiento, and east of the outcrops of "Wasatch" Pupa leidyp. in New Mexico (Cockerell, 1914; Henderson, (now San Jose Formation). This places the locality in the SW!4 of

1935); see Pupa leidyii the Cuba Quadrangle (1963), NW'/4 of the San Pablo Quadrangle L3281 Helix hesperarche Cockerell, 1914 (1970), and NE'/4 of the Mesa Portales Quadrangle (1961). This Specimen probably from Texas (see Henderson, 1935) area includes exposures of Nacimiento Formation on the east and L388 Pupa leidyP. Meek, White, 1886 In part assigned to Holospira grangeri by Cockerell southeast of Mesa de Cuba, and is in the vicinity of the junction of (1914). Henderson (1935) reported that probably all of the T. 21-22 N„ R. 1-2 W. New Mexico records belong under Holospira grangeri. Both White (1886) and the museum label recorded the speci- JL388 Helix nacimienlensis White, 1886 L3278 H. nacimienlensis, Cockerell and Henderson, 1912 mens as collected by "Prof. E. D. Cope, Dec. 1882." Information L3279 Oreohelix (Radiocentrum) nacimienlensis, Cockerell, 1914 provided in Sinclair and Granger (1914), Matthew (1937), and t L3280 Polygyral pelrochlora Cockerell, 1914 Simpson (1948a) indicates that it was unlikely that Cope was in L388 Unio rectoidesl White, 1886 New Mexico at the time the fossils were collected. David Baldwin New name Unio whiieii Henderson, 1918a collected for Cope during this time and may have collected in the IL3279 Oreohelix (Radiocentrum) nacimienlensis steini Cockerell, 1914 area of the headwaters of the Rio Puerco (Simons, 1963; S. G. L3279 Goniobasis tenuicarinata (Meek and Hayden), Cockerell, Lucas, 24 June 1981, written commun.). 1915 Mollusks from locality L388 include: Helix adipis White, 1886, L3279 Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and Hayden), Cockerell, 1915 p. 27, PI. V, figs. 11, 12. USNM-I 20073, cotype, figs. 11, 12. New name Viviparus meeki.Wenz, 1930 USNM-I 20073, cotype, unfigured. Pupa leidyi? Meek: White, * Note: J indicates type locality of species. 1886, p. 27, PI. V, figs, 8-10. USNM-I 20074, figured specimen, figs. t Genera cited as per original species description. Comments added by this 8, 9. USNM-I 20074, figured specimen, fig. 10 [now Holospira author. grangeri Cockerell]. USNM-I , five specimens from same lot

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as fig. 10 [now H. grangeri]. Helix nacimientensis White, 1886, Same horizon as on west branch" (west branch: "Both Torrejon p. 26, PI. V, figs. 3-7. USNM-I 20072, cotype, figs. 3-5. USNM-I horizons in face of cliff below Wasatch rim-rock"). This faunule is 20072, cotype, fig. 6.USNM-I 20072, cotype, reported lost, fig. 7. located approximately by Sinclair and Granger (1914, fig. 1). Based Unio rectoides? White, 1886, p. 21, PI. V, figs. 1, 2 [now Unio on the longitude and latitude they gave, locality 11 is in the SW'/t T. whitei? Henderson]. USNM-I 20062, one specimen fragment, 21 N., R. 4 W., of Deer Mesa Quadrangle (1966), but it may also unfigured. include exposures in the NW'/i T. 20 N., R. 4 W. of Ojo Encino Annotations: Helix adipis (Fig. 2, A-I) was spelled "adapts" by Mesa Quadrangle (1961). White (1886, p. 12), forming the basis of Henderson's (1935) spell- Mollusks from locality L3279 include: Holospira grangeri ing, Helix? adapis. I believe that "adapis" was an inadventent error Cockerell, 1914, p. 102, 103, PI. VIII, fig. 5. AMNH-FI 22358, used only once in a table. The original description of this species holotype, fig. 5. AMNH-FI 22368, paratypes (were syntypes), nine specifies the spelling as "adipis," as does the plate explanation, the specimens. AMNH-FI 22983, paratypes (were syntypes), five spec- index to the paper, and its original museum label. Wenz (1923) imens. One of the old museum labels for 22983 records the locality referred this species with a query to the genus Triodopsis. Pupa as "west fork" instead of "east fork" and may indicate post- leidyi? (White, 1886, fig. 10) was referred to Holospira grangeri by collection mixing of specimens. Cockerell only mentioned speci- Cockerell (1914), and he suggested the specimen illustrated in mens from the "east fork." Collections from "west fork" are White's figures 8 and 9 is probably not referable to either H. gran- referable to locality 10 of Sinclair and Granger (1914, p. 316) geri or P. leidyi. The type specimen of Pupa? leidyi Meek (1873), located approximately in the SE'/i T. 21 N., R. 5 W. (Deer Mesa probably from the Bridger Formation (middle Eocene), was Quadrangle). Oreohelix (Radiocentrum) nacimientensis (White): reported lost by White (1883) and was not illustrated. P.? leidyi was Cockerell, 1914, p. 103. AMNH-FI 22993, 40 specimens designated placed in the genus Holospira by Pilsbry (1902), Cockerell (1906), as "mentioned." Oreohelix (Radiocentrum) nacimientensis steini and others. Helix nacimientensis has been referred to Lysinoe Cockerell, 1914, p. 103, PI. VIII, figs. 3,4. AMNH-FI 22364, lecto- (Pilsbry, 1894, 1902; Cockerell, 1906) and Oreohelix (Cockerell, holotype (specimen designated as "figured" in AMNH-FI collec- 1914; Henderson, 1918B, 1935; Wenz, 1923). White (1886) noted tions); figs. 3, 4. AMNH-FI 22369, lectoparatypes (were syntypes), that H. adipis, H. nacimientensis, and P. leidyi? were found in three specimens. AMNH-FI 31715, lectoparatype (was syntype), association at one locality. Henderson (1918a) substituted the new one specimen (old number 22369). Goniobasis tenuicarinata (Meek name Unio whitei for specimens referable to Unio rectoides of and Hayden): Cockerell, 1915, p. 116. AMNH-FI 22991, one spec- White (1886) (not U. rectoides Whitfield, 1885). Unio rectoides imen designated as "mentioned." Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and (now U. whitei) was first reported from the Wales, Utah, area Hayden): Cockerell, 1915, p. 115 [now V. meeki Wenz], AMNH-FI (White, 1886) from rocks probably in Sanpete County. The faunule 22999, two specimens designated as "mentioned." These specimens reported by White contains species known from different ages, and are recorded as collected from the same area as locality L3279, but it may represent collections from different stratigraphic horizons. on the American Museum expedition of 1913. Without a comprehensive review of the faunas from the formations Annotations: The specimen illustrated by Cockerell (1914, PI. in this area, the age of the type specimen of Unio whitei can be given VIII, figs. 3. 4) as Oreohelix nacimientensis (plate explanation, p. only as probably late Paleocene or early Eocene. 107) is actually the holotype of Oreohelix nacimientensis steini L3278: Cockerell and Henderson (1912) reported locality Cockerell. In his discussion of O. nacimientensis, Cockerell stated L3278 as from the "Torrejon beds, Rio Torrejon, seventy miles [113 (p. 103): "In typical specimens the body whorl is broadly and km] west of Nacimiento [approximate location of Cuba], New obtusely rounded; not angled or carinate; but the shells vary . . . Mexico (Brown, 1896)." The "Brown, 1896" mentioned by Cocke- and one specimen (var. steini, n. var.) has the periphery sharply rell and Henderson is Barnum Brown, who, while still a student at angulate to the end, the shell having a max. diam. 32.5 mm. This the University of Kansas, was a member of the American Museum particular specimen shows the nuclear sculpture very well, but it is expedition led by J. L. Wortman (Osborn, 1896). This locality is in also apparent on more normal shells." The specimen (AMNH-FI exposures somewhere along Rio Torrejon (now Torreon Wash) in 22364) refered to as having a sharply angulate periphery, a maxi- the S'/2 of Deer Mesa Quadrangle (1966), and N'/2 of Ojo Encino mum diameter of 32.5 mm, and good preservation of the nuclear Mesa Quadrangle (1966) (area of a township centered at the junc- sculpture is the specimen illustrated by Cockerell as O. nacimien- tion of T. 20-21 N„ R. 4-5 W.). The 70 mi [113 km] recorded as tensis, but is actually the holotype of O. n. steini and is herein the distance from Rio Torrejon to Nacimiento is too great by about designated the lectoholotype. D. W. Taylor 19 March 1981, written a factor of three. commun. also recognized the specimen illustrated by Cockerell Mollusks from locality L3278 include: Helix nacimientensis (1914, figs. 3, 4) as O. n. steini. The four specimens O. n. steini re- White: Cockerell and Henderson, 1912, p. 229, 230, PI. XXI, figs. 3, ferred to as syntypes in the AMNH-Fi collections are here 4. AMNH-FI 10330/3, 1 specimen, fig. 3, undesignated in type designated as lectoparatypes. collections. AMNH-FI 10330/3, 1 specimen, fig. 4, undesignated in The specimen reported as Goniobasis tenuicarinate (now Lio- type collections. AMNH-FI 10030/3, 12 specimens found in placodes tenuicarinata (Meek and Hayden) (Fig. 1, M) is an incom- general collections. plete, axially distorted, and partially eroded shell about 4.4 mm in Annotations: This species were referred to Oreohelix by length, consisting of portions of about 4.5 whorls. The apex and Cockerell (1914) and Henderson (1935). apical whorls are eroded, exposing an internal cast, which does not L3279: Cockerell (1914, p. 102; 1915, p. 115) reported locality preserve the apical configuration. The aperture is incomplete on all L3279 as from the "Torrejon Formation, East Fork of Torrejon margins and is partially preserved as an internal cast. The abapical Arroyo, New Mexico, July-August, 1912 (Granger and Stein)." surface of the last preserved whorl is chipped and eroded so that its L3279 is referable to locality 11 of Sinclair and Granger (1914, p. peripheral angularity and umbilical region are obscured. Abapical 316) which is reported from the "East branch Arroyo Torrejon. portions of this whorl are partially displaced adapically over the

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preceding whorl, obscuring the suture contact. The body whorl 13280: Cockerell (1914, p. 103) described locality L3280 as possesses three spiral lirae that are characteristic of L. tenuicari- "Marked 'Puerco, 1896; probably Torrejon Formation.' [New nata. In addition, the apparent lack of convexity of the adapical Mexico] . . . The four shells examined are in a greenish to bright portion of the whorl above the adapical lira separates this specimen green rock, different from that containing the other Torrejon mate- from Urate specimens of Lioplacodes nebrascensis (Meek and rials. They are accompanied by a small Unio with very convex Hayden). On the basis of the poorly preserved morphology of this valves, too imperfect to describe." specimen, I assign it questionably to L. tenuicarinata. Definite The specimens reported by Cockerell were most likely collected assignment to that species will have to be based on a larger collec- on the American Museum expedition of 1896 led by J. L. Wortman tion of more well preserved specimens. L. tenuicarinata, as gener- (Matthew, 1897) and are probably from exposures between ally understood, ranges from the Lancian to the Tiffanian (latest Escavada Wash and Torreon Wash (see Sinclair and Granger, 1914, Cretaceious-late Paleocene) in several formations in the Western p. 311). This collection could be located on any of eight 1:24,000 Interior of the United States and Canada. U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles, delimited by the Cockerell (1915) reported Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and exposures of the Nacimiento Formation from T. 22 N., R. 8 W. to Hayden) from two localities: (1) L3279, Nacimiento Formation and T. 20 N„ R. 4 W. (2) L3283, San Jose Formation. Wenz (1930) substituted the new Mollusks from locality L3280 include: Polygyra?petrochlora name Viviparus meeki for specimens referable to Paludina trochi- Cockerell, 1914, p. 103, 104, PL VIII, figs. 6-10. AMNH-FI 22355, formis Meek and Hayden (1856) (not Paludina multiformis trochi- holotype, PL VIII, figs. 6-9. AMNH-FI 22360, paratype (referred to formis v. Zieten, 1830). Paludina is a junior synonym of Viviparus. as cotype by Cockerell), PL VIII, fig. 10. AMNH-FI 26312, para- Based on a review of the collections at the American Museum, I type, two specimens, unfigured. assign the two specimens from L3279 to V. meeki and V. cf. V. 13281: Cockerell (1914, p. 104) reported locality L3281 as conradi, and those from L3283 to V. calamodontis? (see discussion "'Either Puerco or Torrejon; probably Torrejon.' [New Mexico] under San Jose Formation). The specimen assigned to V. meeki (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., from the Cope collection)." (Fig. 1, N, O) preserves about 5.5 whorls and is about 20.4 mm in Henderson (1935, p. 134) casts doubt on the occurrence in New length. The specimen is virtually undistorted and is largely an inter- Mexico of the species, Helix hesperarche, reported from this nal cast. Remnants of shell material are preserved on all whorls, but locality: none is preserved on or below the body whorl periphery. The shell material is partially exfoliated, and although it is partially covered with matrix, a nearly complete right-lateral profile is preserved. The In the original description the type locality, given in parenthesis, was a tip of the apex is incomplete, and the aperture is fairly well defined surmise, based upon the fact that the type was from the Cope collection, but as an internal cast. Some external shell surfaces preserve straight Cope had collections also from Texas. I have recently received, from the retractive growth lines, two primary raised spiral ridges, and multi- Texas Bureau of Exonomic Geology, specimens obtained at the 0-2 Ranch, about 25 miles south of Alpine, Texas, which are certainly congeneric and ple secondary revolving lirae. A comparison of the AMNH-FI spec- almost certainly specifically identical with this species, and Cockerell imen with others from the area of the type locality of V. meeki informs me that the appearance of the matrix of the Texas material is reveals a very close resemblance in whorl proportions, whorl exactly as the type of hesperarche. convexity, sculpture, and angle of the growth-line relative to the axis of coiling. My review of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of V. meeki in the Western Interior of North America, Cockerell reported (p. 104) that H. hesperarche "is wholly unlike shows that V. meeki appears to range from the Puercan through the anything known from the same region previously, living or fossil." Tiffanian (early to late Paleocene) and is not positively identified Without additional information to the contrary, the occurrence of from the Clarkforkian or Wasatchian (latest Paleocene to early this species in the San Juan Basin seems doubtful. Solem (1978) Eocene). reinterpreted the morphology of H. hesperarche and assigned it to The other specimen from this lot (L3279) is assigned to Vivipa- the genus Hodopoeus. rus cf. V. conradi (Fig. 1, P, Q). The specimen is morphologically Mollusks from locality L.3281 include: Helix hesperarche distinct from V. meeki, and because it differs in mode of preserva- Cockerell, 1914, p. 104. PL X, figs. 1-3. AMNH-FI 22362, holotype, tion, it may have been collected from a different locality. The spec- figs. 1-3. imen is undistorted, preserves the last 2.6 whorls, and is 16.1 mm in L3282: Cockerell (1914, p. 104) reported locality L3282 as: length. The apex and upper spire are not preserced, and the aper- "The label simply states 'Torrejon; exp. 1912.' The locality is in ture is incomplete on margins. The spire outline is very nearly flat Northern New Mexico" (compare with localities L3279 and with a slight suturai indentation. The suture is sharply defined as a L3280). groove or slit, with the sbapical whorl raised slightly above the The specimen reported by Cockerell was probably collected by contact. The periphery of the body whorl is subrounded to suban- Walter Granger or William Stein on the American Museum expedi- gular and is fairly well demarcated but without keel. Although the tion of 1912 (Granger, 1914). Without more specific information, shell material is marked by fine fracture lines, it is otherwise well the location of the collecting site is delimited by exposures of the preserved, and exhibits straight retractive growth lines. The form of Nacimiento Formation from Escavada Wash to Torreon Wash (see this specimen is very similar to that of Viviparus conradi, which is Sinclair and Granger, 1914, p. 311), from T. 22 N„ R. 8 W. to T. 20 known from the Campanian Judith River Formation and its age N„ R. 4 W. equivalents in Montana and Alberta. V. conradi is morphologically Mollusks from locality L3282 include: Helix chriacorum similar to the less well understood species V. peculiaris from the Cockerell, 1914, p. 104, pi. IX, figs. 1-3. AMNH-FI 22365, holo- Paleocene Bullion Creek Formation (formerly Tongue River For- type, figs. 1-3. mation) of North Dakota. Until additional specimens of V. cf. V. Annotations: I have reillustrated this specimen to show better conradi are available, a more positive identification is unwarranted. its surface sculpture (Fig. 1, J-L).

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NONMARINE MOLLUSCA FROM ious times, this species has been considered synonymous with, or a THE SAN JOSE FORMATION variety of, Goniobasis tenera (Hall) by White (1876), and others (see extensive bibliography in Henderson, 1935). A comprehensive Only one nonmarine mollusk locality is reported from the San study of the stratigraphic and geographic variation of shell mor- Jose Formation (Cockerell, 1915). The species identified by Cocke- phology in early and middle Eocene high-spired, highly sculptured rell are given in Table 2, and the locality is discussed below. gastropods referred to Goniobasis is necessary before records such L3283: Cockerell (1915, p. 115, 116, 120) reported locality as that of G. carteri from New Mexico are placed in synonymy with L3283 as from "Wasatch at Ojo San Jose, New Mexico." G. tenera. The specimens reported by Cockerell were collected by On the basis of straight retractive growth lines on all type William Stein as part of the American Museum expedition of 1912 specimens of Campeloma calamodontis (Fig. 1, T-W), I reassign lead by Walter Granger (Simpson, 1948a). The specimens were col- that species to the genus Viviparus. The specimens identified by lected on two dates given below. Because of differences in preserva- Cockerell (1915) from the "Wasatch" as V. trochiformis (now V. tion between specimens, they must have been collected from two meeki) are probably not referable to that species. These specimens different localities, and presumably from different stratigraphic are probably younger forms of V. calamodontis, and are herein horizons. Ojo San Jose (now San Jose Arroyo) is a tributary of the identified as V. calamodontis? (Fig. 1, R, S). Nearly half of the 20 Rio Puerco and drains through the San Jose Formation throughout specimens in this collection are very poorly preserved, and are of its length north of Cuba, Sandoval County, New Mexcio (N'/2 T. 21 little value in describing the species. The remaining relatively undis- N. and T. 22 N., R. 1 W., Cuba and Deer Mesa Quadrangles; 1963). torted specimens are for the most part steinkerns, which in a few Mollusks from locality L3283 include: Campeloma calamo- cases show obscure spiral sculpture on replaced shell material. The dontis Cockerell, 1915, p. 120, fig. 5. AMNH-FI 22996, holotype, apical configuration, which is well preserved in three specimens, fig. 5 (right figure). AMNH-FI 22995, paratype, fig. 5 (left figure), and the suggestion of revolving ridges are similar to those features reported lost. AMNH-FI 22995, paratypes, unfigured, 2 specimens. in V. meeki. The later whorls of larger specimens of this lot differ Collected 16 July 1912, "in purple-stained rock." Goniobasis carteri from V. in V. meeki. The later whorls of larger specimens of this lot Conrad, Cockerell, 1915, p. 116. AMNH-FI 22989, nine specimens differ from V. meeki in the greater adapical shouldering and peri- designated as "mentioned"; reported lost. Collected 11 July 1912. pheral flattening of the whorls parallel to the axis of coiling, similar Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and Hayden) Cockerell, 1915, p. 115 to V. calamodontis. Also, a more pronounced peripheral keel may [now V. meeki Wenz]. AMNH-FI 22367, 20 specimens designated be present in this species, but poor preservation prohibits determi- as "mentioned." Collected 11 July 1912. nation of the extent of its development. Collectively, these aspects Annotations: The specimens reported by Cockerell (1915) as of the shell morphology produce a less perfectly trochiform shell Goniobasis carteri are missing from American Museum collections. than that of V. meeki. The largest specimen of V. calamodontis? has The holotype of this species, reported "lost?" by Russell (1931), is a complete spire of 5.1 whorls and is about 22 mm in length (the located in ANSP collections (see Richards, 1968, p. 113; Mary A. base of the aperture is not preserved). V. calamodontis? is similar to Garback (ANSP) (9 Feb. 1981, written commun.: ANSP-IP specimens of Viviparus trochiformis illustrated by Hanley (1974, 16864). G. carteri was first reported from "Barrel Springs, PI. 2, figs. 2-4; 1976, PI. 2, fig. 13) from the Luman Tongue of the Wyoming Territory" (Conrad, 1869, p. 280). Although the location Green River Formation and Niland Tongue of the Wasatch Forma- of Barrel Springs is uncertain, the species are probably from rocks tion, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. The above comparisons are of early or middle Eocene age. Barrel Springs was reported by based on specimens in differing states of preservation. Interpreta- Taylor (1975, p. 336) from Sweetwater County as "shown by Brad- tion of the morphologic (taxonomic) relations between V. meeki ley (1964, PI. 1) in T. 17 N., R. 94 W., near the contact between the and V. calamodontis? must be based on comparisons of better pre- Laney Shale Member of the Green River Formation and the served specimens. Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation. Thus it is in lower midle Eocene rocks." Bradley's location of Barrel Springs NONMARINE MOLLUSCA FROM differs from that found on Barrel Springs Quadrangle (1970), which THE RATON FORMATION is in sec. 24, T. 17 N., R. 94 W. This location is in the Laney Member Only one nonmarine mollusk locality, consisting of a few of Bradley (1964). Another Barrel Springs is reported by Urbanek poorly preserved specimens, is reported from the Raton Formation, (1974) in sec. 26, T. 14 N„ R. 119 W. of Sulpher Creek Reservoir Colfax County, New Mexico (Lee, 1917, 1922). Quadrangle (1965, PR 1978), Uinta County, Wyoming, and is less L4229: USGS Mesozoic locality 5600 (L4229) is catalogued as than 3.2 km from "undifferentiated" Wasatch Formation. At var- "Orig. No. 555, west side of Dillon Canyon, one mile [1.6 km] north of mouth of Coal Canyon, 400 ft [122 m] above Raton coal . . . collected by W. T. Lee, 1908." TABLE 2. NONMARINE MOLLUSCA REPORTED FROM Essentially the same locality and stratigraphic information is THE SAN JOSE FORMATION provided by Lee (1917, p. 104, PI. 1; 1922), who added that the locality is "on the ridge south of Dillon Canyon, near the eastern Locality* Taxoirf line of the Brillant quadrangle" [1915 edition, 1:62,500] (Lee, 1922, JL3283 Campeloma calamodontis Cockerell, 1915 p. 8). On the basis of the above information and drill records L3283 Goniobasis carieri Conrad, Cockerell, 1915 reported by Lee (1924, p. 105-107), the locality is probably within L3283 Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and Hayden), Cockerell, 1915 the square kilometre delimited by the Universal Transverse Merca- New name Viviparus meeki Wenz, 1930 tor coordinates 4087500N-4087500N, 54300E-544500E, zone 13, * Note: J indicates type locality of species. Tin Pan Canyon Quadrangle (1971), and at an elevation between f Genera cited as per original species description. Comments added by 2,180 and 2,210 m (probably closer to higher value). The locality, as this author. reported by Lee (1917), is approximately 122 m above the Raton

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TABLE 3. NONMARINE MOLLUSCA REPORTED FROM THE RINGBONE FORMATION

Locality U.S.G.S.* Lasky U.S.G.S. Legal locationt Molluskst no. Mesozoic map Quad., 1918 (replotted) loc. no. no. 1:62,500 Grant Co., NM

L3105 16957 3 Hachita SW SE 22 T27S R16W Physa sp. L3106 16958 2 Hachita SE SE 21 T27S R16W viviparoid gastropods L3107 16961 18 Playas NE NW 5 T2IÌS R16W Unio sp., Planorbis sp., Physa sp., Viviparus sp. L3254 16928 1 Hachita NW NE 16 T27S R16W Physa sp. L3255 17433 40 Hachita NE SE 16 T28S R16W Unio? sp., Planorbis sp.

* U.S.G.S. collections reported missing, t Locations replotted by this author. J Identification by J. B. Reeside, Jr.

coal bed of the Vermejo Formation, which is unconformable with southwestern New Mexico (Table 3). Although Lasky considered the overlying Raton Formation. the Ringbone Formation to be of Early Cretaceous age, reinterpre- Mollusks from locality L4229 include: Unio sp. (fragmentary tation indicates that it may be of early Tertiary age. Zeller (1970, casts), Campeloma? sp., and Viviparus sp. (Lee, 1917, p. 104). The p. 9) remapped the area covered by Lasky's report and concluded: fossils were probably identified by T. W. Stanton and have not been "The Ringbone is entirely terrestrial and includes all of the strata found in USGS collections. The mollusks of the Raton Formation mapped as Skunk Ranch Conglomerate and most of the outcrops are not indicative of a particular age, but they do indicate non- of the Playas Peak Formation." The two nonmarine mollusk locali- marine conditions. In addition, the precise age of the stratigraphic ties reported by Lasky from the Playas Peak Formation are proba- horizon producing the mollusks is also uncertain. The age of the bly referable to the Ringbone Formation of Zeller (1970). Raton Formation is Late Cretaceous and Paleocene based on a Replotting Lasky's localities onto Zeller's geologic map places relatively abundant fossil record. However, the mollusk horizon is localities L3105 and L3107 in the Ringbone Formation, L3255 in a in a stratigraphic interval for which no temporally diagnostic plant geologically complex area near exposures of the Ringbone Forma- fossils have been recorded (Brown, 1962; Ash and Tidwell, 1976; tion, and L3106 and L3254 in the map unit "Quaternary alluvium." Leo J. Hickey, 4 Aug. 1981, personal commun.) Lasky noted that L3254 was from an isolated outcrop of Ringbone shale. NONMARINE MOLLUSCA FROM On the basis of the fossil palm, Sabal, identified by Charles B. THE RINGBONE FORMATION Read, Zeller (1970) considered the Ringbone Formation to be either Late Cretaceous, Paleocene, or early Eocene in age. The Lasky (1947, p. 14, 19) reported nonmarine Mollusca from the generic name Sabal has been reviewed by Leo J. Hickey (26 Jan. Ringbone Shale and Playas Peak Formation in Grant County, 1981, written cc mmun.), and he reports "the palm Sabal is probably

o Geochronology O o c: (arbitrary scale) Ta xon < « o Explanation c; o § ¿5

Puercan

Figure 2. Biostratigraphic distribution of nonmarine Mollusca from Sandoval County, New Mexico.

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Sabaliies, a form genus for palms" that "ranges from the Santonian 101 p. until the latest Tertiary." The mollusks of the Ringbone are not Bradley, W. H., 1964, Geology of Green River Formation and associated Eocene rocks in southwestern Wyoming and adjacent parts of Colorado indicative of a particular age, but they do indicate nonmarine and Utah: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 496-A, conditions. p. A1-A86. Brown, R. W., 1962, Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great SUMMARY Plains: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 375, 119 p. Cockerell, T.D.A., 1906, The fossil Mollusca of Florissant, Colorado: American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 22, p. 459-462. Species of early Tertiary mollusks reported from New Mexico 1914, Tertiary Mollusca from New Mexico and Wyoming: American were collected by vertebrate paleontologists around the turn of the Museum of Natural History Bulletin 33, p. 101-107, Pis. 8-10. century. Interpretation of the mammalian fossils has produced a 1915, Gastropod Mollusca from the Tertiary strata of the West: Ameri- general understanding of the age of the molluscan species. All pub- can Museum of Natural History Bulletin 34, p. 115-120. lished unequivocal early Tertiary records are from the northwestern Cockerell, T.D.A., and Henderson, J., 1912, Mollusca from the Tertiary strata of the West: American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 31, portion of Sandoval County, in areas west (Nacimiento Formation) p. 229-234. Pis. 21, 22. and north (San Jose Formation) of the town of Cuba. The Naci- Conrad, T. A., 1869, Description of a new Unio and fossil Goniobasis: miento records are probably of Torrejonian age, although localities American Journal of Conchology, v. 4, p. 280, PI. 18. in L388 and L3280 could be of Puercan age. Mollusks from the San Cope, E. D., 1875, Report on the geology ofthat part of northwestern New Jose Formation are tentatively interpreted to be middle Wasatchian Mexico examined during the field-season of 1874, in Appendix LL, An- nual Report of Lieutenant George M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, (middle early Eocene) although a late Wasatchian age for some for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1875, in House Executive Document mammal-producing localities in the San Jose cannot be excluded 1 (part 2), v. 2 (part 2) 44th Congress, First Session, Appendix G-l, (Lucas and others, 1981) [previously, the age of the formation was p. 981-1017, (Serial Set 1676). reported as early or middle Wasatchian (Simpson, 1948a) and late Granger, W., 1914, On the names of lower Eocene faunal horizons of Wyoming and New Mexico: American Museum of Natural History Wasatchian (Lucas, 1977)]. Polygyra? petrochlora, Oreohelix Bulletin 33, p. 201-207. nacimientensis, O. n. steini, Holospira grangeri, Helix adipis, H. Hanley, J. H., 1974, Systematics, paleoecology, and biostratigraphy of non- chriacorum, and Viviparus calamodontis have not been reported marine Mollusca from the Green River and Wasatch Formations outside of New Mexico. Of these, only O. nacimientensis is known (Eocene), southwestern Wyoming and northwestern Colorado [Ph.D. from other that its type locality. Until stratigraphically controlled thesis]: Laramie, Wyoming, University of Wyoming, 285 p. mollusk collections are made in the area of type-specimen localities, 1976, Paleosynecology of nonmarine Mollusca from the Green River and Wasatch Formations (Eocene), southwestern Wyoming and north- and in other parts of the San Juan Basin, the biochronologic and western Colorado, in Scott, R. W., and West, R. R., eds., Structure and biostratigraphic range of the species given in Figure 2 can be con- classification of paleocommunities: Stroudsburg, Dowden; Hutchinson sidered only preliminary. and Ross, Inc., p. 235-261. Henderson, J. 1918a, The nomenclature and systematic-positions of some Nonmarine mollusks from the Raton Formation of Colfax North American fossil and recent mollusks: Nautilus, v. 32, p. 60-64. County and the Ringbone Formation of southern Grant County 1918b, On the North American Genus Oreohelix: Malacological may be of Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age as indicated by Society of London Proceedings, v. 13, p. 21-24. fossil plants. Neither the Raton nor the Ringbone mollusks are age 1935, Fossil non-marine Mollusca of North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 3, 313 p. diagnostic, but they do indicate a nonmarine environment for the Lasky, S. G., 1947, Geology and ore deposits of the Little Hatchet Moun- enclosing sediments. Clearly, new collections are required to assess tains, Hidalgo and Grant Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological the age of these formations on the basis of the mollusks. Survey Professional Papper 208, 101 p. Lee, W. T., 1917, Geology of the Raton Mesa and other regions in Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 101, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS p. 9-221. 1917, Description of the Raton, Brillant, and Koehler Quadrangles I have benefited from comments made on the manuscript by [New Mexico-Colorado]: U.S. Geological Survey Folio 214, 17 p. A. L. Crews, J. H. Hanley, R. C. Holtzman, M. Jordon, R. E. 1924, Coal resources of the Raton coal field, Colfax County, New Sloan, F. M. Swain and H. E. Wright, Jr., and the reviewers, B. S. Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 752, 254 p. Lucas, S. G., 1977, Vertebrate paleontology of the San Jose Formation, Kues and S. G. Lucas. I thank the staffs of the American Museum east-central San Juan Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological of Natural History and the U.S. National Museum for their coop- Society Guidebook 28, p. 221-225. eration while at those institutions and for subsequent searches for Lucas, S. G., Schoch, R. M., Manning, E„ and Tsentas, C., 1981, The information and loans of specimens. Support for this project was Eocene biostratigraphy of New Mexico: Geological Society of America provided, in part, by the Graduate School of the University of Bulletin, Part I, v. 92, p. 951-967; Part II, p. 0000-0000 (this issue). Matthew, W. D., 1897, A revision of the Puerco fauna: American Museum Minnesota, and the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral of Natural History Bulletin 9, p. 259-323. Resources, with special thanks to Donald Wolberg (NMBMMR). I Meek, F. B., 1873, Preliminary paleontological report, consisting of lists thank Lance Grande and Thomas Sharkey for commodious and descriptions of fossils, with remarks on the ages of the rocks in accommodations while in New York and Washington, D.C.; and which they were found, etc., in F. V. Hayden Survey, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey Territories 6th Annual Report: Washington, E. C. Alexander, Jr., for his budget number. D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office,'p. 429-518. Meek, F. B., and Hayden, F. V., 1856, Descriptions of new species of REFERENCES CITED Acephala and Gastropoda from the Tertiary formations of Nebraska Territory, with some general remarks on the geology of the country Ash, S. R., and Tidwell, W. D., 1976, Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene about the sources of the Missouri River: Philadelphia Academy of floras of the Raton Basin, Coorado and New Mexico: New Mexico Natural Science Proceedings, v. 8, p. 111-126. Geological Society Guidebook 27, p. 197-203. Osborn, H. F., 1896, Expedition into the San Juan Basin, 1896 (unpub. Baltz, E. H., 1967, Stratigraphy and regional tectonic implications of part of report): New York, American Museum of Natural History, Department Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, east-central San Juan Basin, of Vertebrate Paleontology, 5 p. New Mexico: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 552, Pilsbry, H. 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of Conchology, Series 2: Pulmonata, v. 9, 366 p. J. F., ed., Fossilium Catalogue 1: Ammalia: Berlin, W. Junk, 1902-1903, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadephia, Manual of p. 353-736. Conchology, Series 2: Pulmonata, v. 15, 323 p. 1930, Zur Nomenklatur tertiärer Land- und Susswassergastropoden Richards, H. G., 1968, Catalogue of intertebrate fossil types at the Academy XI: Senckenbergiana, v. 12, p. 64-66. of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of West, R. M., and others, 1981, Eocene chronology of North America, in Philadelphia Special Publication 8, 222 p. Woodburne M. O., ed., Cenozoic mammals: their temporal record, Rose, K. D., 1980, Clarkforkian land-mammal age: Revised definition, zona- biostratigraphy, and biochronology: Berkeley, University of California tion, and tentative intercontinental correlations: Science, v. 208, Press (in press). p. 744-746. White, C. A., 1876, Invertebrate paleontology of the Plateau Province, in Russell, L. S., 1931, Early Tertiary mollusca from Wyoming: Bulletins of J. W. Powell Survey, Report on the geology of the eastern portion of American Paleontology, v. 18, no. 64, p. 1-38, 4 pis. the Uinta Mountains (United States Geological and Geographical Simons, E. L., 1963, David Baldwin, O. C. Marsh and the discovery of the Survey of Territories): Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing first continental Paleocene faunas of the New World: Yale Peabody Office, p. 74-135. Museum of Natural History Postilla 75, 11 p. 1883, A review of the r.on-marine fossil Mollusca of North America: Simpson, G. G., 1948a, The Eocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey 3rd Annual Report, p. 403-550. Part 1: American Journal of Science, v. 246, p. 257-282. 1886, On the relation of the Laramie Molluscan fauna to that of the 1948b, The Eocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Part 2: Ameri- succeeding fresh-water Eocene and other groups: U.S. Geological Sur- can Journal of Science, v. 246, p. 363-385. vey Bulletin 34, 54 p. 1959, Fossil mammals from the type area of the Puerco and Nacimiento Whitfield, R. P., 1385, Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan strata, Paleocene of New Mexico: American Museum Novitates 1957, clays and greensand marls of New Jersey: United States Geological 22 p. Survey Monograph 9, 338 p. Sinclair, W. J., and Granger, W., 1914, Paleocene deposits of the San Juan Zeller, R. A., Jr., 1970, Geology of Little Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo and Basin, New Mexico: American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 33, Grant Counties, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and p. 297-316, pis. 20-27. Mineral Resources Bulletin 96, 26 p. Solem, A., 1978, Cretaceous and early Tertiary comaenid land snails from Zieten, C. H. v., 1830, Die Versteinerungen Württembergs, oder na- western North America (Mollusca: Pulmonata): Journal of Paleon- turgetreue Abbildungen der in den vollständigsten Sammlungen, tology, v. 52, p. 581-589. namentlich der in dem Kabinett des Oberamts-Arzt Dr. Hartmann Taylor, D. W., 1975, Early Tertiary mollusks from the Powder River Basin, befindlichen 'Petrefakten, mit Angabe der Gebirgs-Formationen, in Wyoming-Montana, and adjacent regions: U.S. Geological Survey welchen dieselben vorkommen und der Fundorte: Stuttgart, 102 p. Open-File Report 75-331, 515 p. Urbanek, M., 1974, Wyoming Place Names: Boulder, Colorado, Johnson Publishing Company, 236 p. MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 21, 1981 Wenz, W., 1923, Gastropoda extramarina tertiana, part 18, in Pompeckji, MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED SEPTEMBER 21, 1981

Printed in U.S.A.

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