Flood Hydrology Manual
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HMT 2019 Meeting Report
Final Report 27 May 2020 The NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed (HMT) is a joint OAR-NWS testbed motivated to make communities that are more resilient to the impacts of extreme precipitation on lives, property, water supply and ecosystems. HMT is co-managed by the NWS Weather Prediction Center (WPC) and the OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) in partnership with the NWS Office of Water Prediction (OWP). The mission of HMT is “Improving forecasts of extreme precipitation and forcings for hydrologic prediction.” Hydromet Testbed Executive Oversight Council: David Novak, Director, NWS Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Robert S. Webb, Director, OAR/ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) Ed Clark, Director, NWS National Water Center (NWC) Report writing team: Andrea J. Ray, PSL HMT Coordinator James Correia, WPC HMT Coordinator James Nelson, Development and Training Branch Chief, WPC Acknowledgements: Barbara DeLuisi, PSL, report cover design, and Lisa Darby for comments on the report. Cover photo credits: Snow plow: USAF Flooded street: USGS Flood in Denham Springs, LA: DOD People pushing car: DLA Page | 1 Executive Summary The Nation has experienced increasing devastation from heavy precipitation events recently. In just the past 3 years, 13 precipitation-related billion-dollar disasters in the Nation have resulted in over 200 deaths. This trend has dramatically increased the demand and expectations from core decision makers for accurate, consistent, and understandable rainfall forecasts. Heavy precipitation and resulting flash flooding occur across the year with seasonal and geographic variations. The predictability of these events varies with event type, region, and season. Several ongoing NOAA efforts might aid in improving forecasts of extreme precipitation, however, precipitation forecasting from minutes to 10 days is not a focus among these efforts. -
(P 117-140) Flood Pulse.Qxp
117 THE FLOOD PULSE CONCEPT: NEW ASPECTS, APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS - AN UPDATE Junk W.J. Wantzen K.M. Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Working Group Tropical Ecology, P.O. Box 165, 24302 Plön, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The flood pulse concept (FPC), published in 1989, was based on the scientific experience of the authors and published data worldwide. Since then, knowledge on floodplains has increased considerably, creating a large database for testing the predictions of the concept. The FPC has proved to be an integrative approach for studying highly diverse and complex ecological processes in river-floodplain systems; however, the concept has been modified, extended and restricted by several authors. Major advances have been achieved through detailed studies on the effects of hydrology and hydrochemistry, climate, paleoclimate, biogeography, biodi- versity and landscape ecology and also through wetland restoration and sustainable management of flood- plains in different latitudes and continents. Discussions on floodplain ecology and management are greatly influenced by data obtained on flow pulses and connectivity, the Riverine Productivity Model and the Multiple Use Concept. This paper summarizes the predictions of the FPC, evaluates their value in the light of recent data and new concepts and discusses further developments in floodplain theory. 118 The flood pulse concept: New aspects, INTRODUCTION plain, where production and degradation of organic matter also takes place. Rivers and floodplain wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems. For example, 77 percent These characteristics are reflected for lakes in of the water discharge of the 139 largest river systems the “Seentypenlehre” (Lake typology), elaborated by in North America and Europe is affected by fragmen- Thienemann and Naumann between 1915 and 1935 tation of the river channels by dams and river regula- (e.g. -
Install and Maintain Stream Gauges
Proposition 68 Projects 2019 Update California Department of Water Resources Sustainable Groundwater Management Program INSTALL AND MAINTAIN STREAM GAUGES This project focuses on inventorying, installation, and maintenance of stream gauges in high- and medium-priority basins. Building on the knowledge and successful track record of DWR’s Regional and Statewide Integrated Water Management technical assistance programs, this project supports and is aligned with the Governor’s Water Resilience Portfolio (Executive Order N-10-19), the Open and Transparent Data Act (AB 1755), and Sen. Bill Dodd’s Stream Gauges Bill (SB19). What is Proposition 68? will provide fast and reliable data. Additionally, this project supports GSP development, implementation, The California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal and evaluation, as wells as groundwater recharge Protection and Outdoor for all Fund (Senate Bill 5, projects. This new surface water data provides Proposition 68) authorized $4 billion in general multiple benefits to programs within a variety of local, obligation bonds for state and local parks, state, and federal agencies including State Water environmental protection and restoration projects, Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish water infrastructure projects, and flood protection and Wildlife. projects. The Install and Maintain Stream Gauge project utilizes $4.95 million on data, tools, and What is New in 2019? analysis efforts for drought and groundwater Five stream gauges were recently installed throughout investments to achieve regional sustainability in the state at Bear River, Ash Creek, Owens Creek, support of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Tuolumne River, and San Luis Ray River. Act (SGMA) over a period of five years. How Does This Project Support SGMA? What are the Next Steps? In the next two years, DWR plans to install SGMA requires Groundwater Sustainability Agencies approximately 24 additional stream gauges in high- (GSAs) to monitor and assess stream depletion, water and medium-priority basins. -
Class 14: Basic Hydrograph Analysis Class 14: Hydrograph Analysis
Engineering Hydrology Class 14: Basic Hydrograph Analysis Class 14: Hydrograph Analysis Learning Topics and Goals: Objectives 1. Explain how hydrographs relate to hyetographs Hydrograph 2. Create DRO (direct runoff) hydrographs by separating baseflow Description 3. Relate runoff volume to watershed area and create UH (next time) Unit Hydrographs Separating Baseflow DRO Hydrographs Ocean Class 14: Hydrograph Analysis Learning Gross rainfall = depression storage + Objectives evaporation + infiltration Hydrograph + surface runoff Description Unit Hydrographs Separating Baseflow Rainfall excess = (gross rainfall – abstractions) DRO = Direct Runoff = DRO Hydrographs = net rainfall with the primary abstraction being infiltration (i.e., assuming depression storage is small and evaporation can be neglected) Class 14: Hydrograph Hydrograph Defined Analysis Learning • a hydrograph is a plot of the Objectives variation of discharge with Hydrograph Description respect to time (it can also be Unit the variation of stage or other Hydrographs water property with respect to Separating time) Baseflow DRO • determining the amount of Hydrographs infiltration versus the amount of runoff is critical for hydrograph interpretation Class 14: Hydrograph Meteorological Factors Analysis Learning • Rainfall intensity and pattern Objectives • Areal distribution of rainfall Hydrograph • Size and duration of the storm event Description Unit Physiographic Factors Hydrographs Separating • Size and shape of the drainage area Baseflow • Slope of the land surface and channel -
River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Overview In the discussion of river, or fluvial systems, and the strategies that may be used in the management of fluvial systems, it is important to have a basic understanding of the fundamental principals of how river systems work. This fact sheet will illustrate how sediment moves in the river, and the general response of the fluvial system when changes are imposed on or occur in the watershed, river channel, and the sediment supply. The Working River The complex river network that is an integral component of Vermont’s landscape is created as water flows from higher to lower elevations. There is an inherent supply of potential energy in the river systems created by the change in elevation between the beginning and ending points of the river or within any discrete stream reach. This potential energy is expressed in a variety of ways as the river moves through and shapes the landscape, developing a complex fluvial network, with a variety of channel and valley forms and associated aquatic and riparian habitats. Excess energy is dissipated in many ways: contact with vegetation along the banks, in turbulence at steps and riffles in the river profiles, in erosion at meander bends, in irregularities, or roughness of the channel bed and banks, and in sediment, ice and debris transport (Kondolf, 2002). Sediment Production, Transport, and Storage in the Working River Sediment production is influenced by many factors, including soil type, vegetation type and coverage, land use, climate, and weathering/erosion rates. -
Chapter 3. Hydrology
3 Hydrology Robert R. Ziemer and Thomas E. Lisle Overview transient snow packs during rain on snow events. l Streamflow is highly variable in mountainous l Removal of trees, which consume water, areas of the Pacific coastal ecoregion. The tends to increase soil moisture and base stream- timing and variability of streamflow is strongly flow in summer when rates of evapotranspira- influenced by form of precipitation (e.g., rain- tion are high. These summertime effects tend to fall, snowmelt, or rain on snow). disappear within several years. Effects of tree l High variability in runoff processes limits removal on soil moisture in winter are minimal the ability to detect and predict human-caused because of high seasonal rainfall and reduced changes in streamflow. Changes in flow are usu- rates of evapotranspiration. ally associated with changes in other watershed l The rate of recovery from land use processes that may be of equal concern. Studies depends on the type of land use and on the of how land use affects watershed responses are hydrologic processes that are affected. thus likely to be most useful if they focus on how runoff processes are affected at the site of disturbance and how these effects, hydrologic Introduction or otherwise, are propagated downstream. l Land use and other site factors affecting Streamflow is an essential variable in under- flows have less effect on major floods and in standing the functioning of watersheds and large basins than on smaller peak flows and in associated ecosystems because it supplies the small basins. Land use is more likely to affect primary medium and source of energy for the streamflow during rain on snow events, which movement of water, sediment, organic mate- usuallv produce larger floods in much of the rial, nutrients, and thermal energy. -
5.15 Water Pollution and Hydrologic Impacts 5.15.1 Chapter Index 5.15
Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Water Pollution Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 5.15 Water Pollution and Hydrologic Impacts This chapter describes water pollution and hydrologic impacts caused by transport facilities and vehicle use. 5.15.1 Chapter Index 5.15 Water Pollution and Hydrologic Impacts ........................................................... 1 5.15.2 Definitions .............................................................................................. 1 5.15.3 Discussion ............................................................................................. 1 5.15.4 Estimates: .............................................................................................. 3 Summary Table ..................................................................................... 3 Water Pollution & Combined Estimates ................................................. 4 Storm Water, Hydrology and Wetlands ................................................. 6 5.15.5 Variability ............................................................................................... 7 5.15.6 Equity and Efficiency Issues .................................................................. 7 5.15.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 7 5.15.8 Information Resources .......................................................................... 9 5.15.2 Definitions Water pollution refers to harmful substances released into surface or ground water, -
Real-Time Stream Flow Gages in Montana
REAL-TIME STREAM FLOW GAGES IN MONTANA Montana is home to over 264 real-time stream lows and improve water management practices. It gages located throughout the state. These gages can drive the understanding for other sciences and and their networks assist in delivering water data to helps inform citizens on how we can prepare for scientists and the public. While Montana’s demand changes in our water supply. It is imperative to for water continues to grow, water availability maintain as many gages as possible to preserve varies from year-to-year and can change these historical records for current and future dramatically in any given year. Managing supply and generations. demand challenges is an ongoing feature of life. REAL-TIME GAGES Accurate, near real-time, publicly accessible information on stream flows assists both day to day A real-time stream gage is used to report stream decision making and long-term planning, as well as flow (discharge) in cubic feet per second. These emergency planning and notification. This gages measure the stage (height) of the river in feet, information is generated in Montana by multiple and water temperature along with other networks of real-time stream gages operated by the environmental data. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC), and some tribes. Within each network, the operation and maintenance of gages are financially supported by different sources including federal, state, tribal, local, and private funds. Some of the gages are funded by multiple agencies and organizations. The recorded data are essential to make informed water management decisions across the state. -
Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs That Use Paleoflood Data for Dam Safety Applications
Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs That Use PaleoFlood Data for Dam Safety Applications Dam Safety Office Report No. DSO-03-03 Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation June 2003 Contents Page Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Objectives....................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................4 Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs from Streamflow Sampling................................. 5 2.1 General Procedure .......................................................................................................................5 2.2 Example Applications................................................................................................................11 Probabilitic Extreme Flood Hydrographs Using Rainfall-Runoff Models............................ 18 3.1 General Procedure .....................................................................................................................19 3.2 Example Applications s.............................................................................................................20 Reservoir Routing -
Chapter 5 Streamflow Data
Part 630 Hydrology National Engineering Handbook Chapter 5 Streamflow Data (210–VI–NEH, Amend. 76, November 2015) Chapter 5 Streamflow Data Part 630 National Engineering Handbook Issued November 2015 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, em- ployees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disabil- ity, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Pro- gram Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/com- plaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adju- dication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected] Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877- 8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). -
Stormwater Design Manual Chapter Three
CHAPTER 3 HYDROLOGY Chapter 3 HYDROLOGY Table of Contents 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 HYDROLOGIC DESIGN POLICIES........................................................................ 2 3.2.1 FULLY DEVELO PED CONDITIONS......................................................................... 3 3.2.2 DRAINAG E AREA ............................................................................................... 4 3.2.3 RAINFALL DATA AND INTENSITY .......................................................................... 4 3.3 TIME OF CONCENTRATION ................................................................................. 4 3.3.1 SCS METHOD................................................................................................... 5 3.3.1.1 Lag Time .................................................................................................. 5 3.3.1.2 Travel Time .............................................................................................. 5 3.3.1.3 Sheet Flow ............................................................................................... 6 3.3.1.4 Shallow Concentrated Flow....................................................................... 7 3.3.1.5 Channelized Flow ..................................................................................... 7 3.3.2 KIRPICH EQUATION ........................................................................................... 8 3.4 RATIONAL METHOD............................................................................................ -
NRSM 385 Syllabus for Watershed Hydrology V200114 Spring 2020
NRSM 385 Syllabus for Watershed Hydrology v200114 Spring 2020 NRSM (385) Watershed Hydrology Instructor: Teaching Assistant: Kevin Hyde Shea Coons CHCB 404 CHCB 404 [email protected] [email protected] Course Time & Location: Office Hours: (or by appointment) Tue/Thu 0800 – 0920h Kevin: Tue & Thu, 1500 – 1600h Natural Science 307 Shea: Wed & Fri, 1200 – 1300h Recommended course text: Physical Hydrology by SL Dingman, 2002 (2nd edition). Other readings as assigned. Additional course information and materials will be posted on Moodle: umonline.umt.edu Science of water resource management in the 21st Century: Sustainability of all life requires fundamental changes in hydrologic science and water resource management. Forty percent of the Earth’s ever-increasing population lives in areas of water scarcity, where the available supply cannot meet basic needs. Water pollution from human activities and increasing water withdrawals for human use impair and threaten entire ecosystems upon which human survival depends. Climate change increases environmental variability, exacerbating drought in some regions while leading to greater hydrologic hazards in others. Higher intensity and more frequent storms generate flooding that is especially destructive in densely developed areas of and where ecosystems are already compromised. Sustainable water resource management starts with scientifically sound management of forested landscapes. Eighty percent of fresh water supplies in the US originate on forested lands, providing over 60% of municipal drinking water. Forests also account for significant portions of biologically complex and vital ecosystems. Multiple land use activities including logging, agriculture, industry, mining, and urban development compromise forest ecosystems and threaten aquatic ecosystems and freshwater supplies.