The American Legion Magazine [Volume 76, No. 2 (February 1964)]

THE AMERICAN

LEGIONM A 6 A Z I N E 4- 20c«FEBRUARY 196 WHAT IS THE EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET? J' A UNITED EUpOPE CAN AFFECT THeCjOBS AND TRADE OF ALL OF US BY HOWARD WHIDDEN

GEORGE WASHINGTON HUMAN BEING THE NEW HAMPSHIRE BY T.R. FEHRENBACH SWEEPSTAKES

A STATE LOTTERY FOR 1964

READING YOUR OPPONENT S* BRIDGE HANDS By Wm. S. ROOT SEAGRAM DISTILLERS COMPANY, N.Y.C. BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS.

The Great Entertainer welcomes two hot favorites to the big time

Everybody knows 7 Crown tastes great cold (as in the four famous drinks on the left).

But some like it hot — and you'll know why when you taste either of these steaming mugs laced with America's favorite whiskey. Delicious after a bout with Jack Frost.

Both are easy to fix. And thanks to the Great Entertainer's special quality of taste

both belong in the big time. Here's how! 7 Crown Hot Toddy: 2 oz. 7 Crown, 1 tsp. sugar, stir in mug.

Add hot water. Garnish with cinnamon stick. 7 Crown Hot Grog: 2 oz. 7 Crown, 1 tsp. sugar, 1 tsp. lemon juice. Stir. Add hot water or tea. Both are delicious.

Say Seagram's and be Sure The American

FEBRUARY 1964 LEGION Volume 76. Number 2 POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1055, Magazine Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

The American Legion Magazine is puhlished nuinthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright 1964 by The American Legion. Second-class Contents for February 1964 postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, AMERICA WITHSTANDS THE SHOCK TEST 8 P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. -16206 DANIEL F. FOLEY BY NATIONAL COMMANDER CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Why our form of government sustained the shock Notify Circulation Dept.. P. O. Bo\ 1055, oj the murder of its chief. Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Auach old address label and give old and new addresses and current membership card nuinl>er. Also be sure to OUR FIRST MARTYRED PRESIDENT 9 notify your Post Adjutant. picture feature on Abraham Lincoln, whose 155th birthday A The American Legion we note on the 12th of February. Executive and Administrative Offices Indianapolis, Indiana 16206 10 Daniel F. Foley. National Commander WHAT IS THE EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET? WHIDDEN BY HOWARD The American Legion You can't pick up a newspaper without reading about the Publications Commission: Ki-ukuk, loua Market. But how many Americans feel that Dr. Charles K. Logan, Common (Chairman): Ad,.lph F. Bremer, Kinona, it is so important? they know what it is or why Minn. (Vice Chairman); Lang Armstrong, Spokane. Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- ton, W. Va.; John Cicero, Sicuyeroille, Pa.; Hollywood, Fla.; Clovis Cope- 12 E. J. Cooper, THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SWEEPSTAKES land, Morrilton, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Doun- Guymon, Okla.; BY D. FRANK O'NEIL ingtown. Pa.; Raymond Fields, Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George D. will Chris New Hampshire has legalized a State lottery, which Levy, Sumter, S. C; Edward Longstreth, La N. Y.; go into operation this year. Here are the Jolla. Calif.; Frank C. Love, Syracu.se, Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; Robert details and the background of it. Mitchler, Oswego. III.; Harry H. Scliaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Harold A. Shindler, Lafayette, Ind.; William F. Taylor, Greensburg, Ky.; BEING 14 Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert GEORGE WASHINGTON, HUMAN H. Wilder, Dndeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, BY T. R. FEHREWBACH Armonk, N. Y. (Consultant) Some have debunked the Father of Our Country, but most people have made a marble statue of him. What was The American Legion Magazine among men? Editorial & Advertising Offices he like as a man 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Publisher. .lames F. O'Neil HOW CAN WE SAVE OUR VANISHING WILDLIFE? 16 Editor Robert B. Pilkin DURWARD L. ALLEN BY Art Editor The fish and game you see today may never again be seen Al Marshall unless proper meas7(,res are taken to help Associate Editors nature in balance. John Andreola keep Roy Miller James S. Swartz Production Manager Ralph Peluso IS THE RACE TO THE MOON WORTH THE PRICE? 18 Copy EUlitoT TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Grail S. Hanford Editor (D-N. MEX.) Contributing pro: sen. CLINTON P. ANDERSON Pete Martin con: rep. THOMAS M. PELLY (R-WASH.) Cirrulation Manager Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. OPPONENTS' Advertising Director CONTRACT BRIDGE—HOW TO READ YOUR Robert P. Redden HANDS 20 Midwestern Adv. Sales Office 35 East Wacker Drive BY WILLIAM S. ROOT Chicago, 111. 60601 Washington Sales Office It's amazing how well you can tell what your opponents Spore peeking, just by putting all Jack L. hold, without 1608 K. St. N.W. the clues together. Washinglun, D.C. 20006 Publisher's Representatives West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 23 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. Departments Northwest 30 DATELINE WASHINGTON 5 PERSONAL The Harlowe Co. ROD & GUN CLUB 42 Seattle, Wash. 98101 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 6 Southeast SHOPPER 54 EDITOR'S CORNER 7 LEGION The Dawson Co. Miami, Fla. & Atlanta, Ga. PARTING SHOTS 58 VETERANS NEWSLETTER 21 Detroit Arden E. Roney & Assoc. consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad^^^^^^^^^^ Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for Detroit, Mich. no responsibility for unsolicited material. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 .

Brother, can you spare 7^ a day?

That's how little it costs to protect your family when you take advantage of your Official American Legion Life Insurance Program. Simply mail this application with a check for $20.00 for the Full Unit of protection for the remainder of 1964. That comes to only $2.00 a month— less

than 1(; a day. (Or you can buy a Half

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cost low, but there is no medical exam required. Take advantage of your Legion membership. Enroll now. AMOUNT OF INSURANCE* AGE Under 35 35 to 45 45 to 55 55 to 60, 60 to 65 65 to 70 FULL UNIT $8,000 $4,500 $2,200 $1,200 $800 $500 HALF UNIT 4,000 2,250 1,100 600 400 250 1

chart), terminating at Age 70.

IMPORTANT: If you reside in New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Wisconsin, Illinois, New Jersey or Puerto Rico, do not use this form. Instead, write to American Legion Life Insur- ance Plan, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, for plan description and correct application forms. If any application is not accepted, your premium will be refunded.

Official American Legion Life Insurance Plan

APPLICATION FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT - ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS - CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION

Full Name Birth Date Last First Mo. Day Year

Permanent Residence. street No. City State

Name of Beneficiary _ .Relationship Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones"

Membership Card No Year Post No .State.

I apply for a Full Unit of Insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00

The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this application:

1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working?

Yes No If No, give reason

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If Yes, give date, length of stay and cause

3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes or any other

serious illness? Yes No If Yes, give dates and details

I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application are true and

complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired.

Dated. ., 19. Signature of Applicant 300 G ED. 5.63 OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles

PRINTED IN U.S A.

MAIL TO: AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN, P. 0. BOX 5609, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60680

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 , a

COMMON MARKET OR COMMON WALL? U.S. UNIONS LOSING STEAM. RED CHINESE HATE.

While the Administration publicly proclaims its PEOPLE AND QUOTES: steadfast support for the European Common Market public enthusiasm, as expressed in the chambers of Con- MUCH WORK TO DO ". gress, is waning . . . Farm leaders here are becoming . . Banish your fears. Shed increasingly fearful that the six-nation Common Mar- your doubts. Renew your hopes. ket, originally oriented toward freer world trade, may We have much work to do. Roll be instead erecting a Common Wall against Imports — up your sleeves and let's get barrier that would hurt U.S. farmers hardest of all. about doing it." President Foreign sales of U.S. products are vital to U.S. Johnson.

agriculture . . . Our farm exports comprise one-fourth in value of all U.S. shipments abroad, and sales to CULT OF VIOLENCE the Six—France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Italy, and "We must recognize that the Luxemburg—amount to $1 billion annually. romanticized cult of the fron- The Common Market nations have already submitted tier, with its glorification of vio- to the demands of their own farmers to ban U.S. poul- lence and unrestrained individ-

try sales by prohibitive tariffs . . . There's con- ualism, is a childish and dan- siderable concern here that U.S. wheat, wheat flour, gerous anachronism in a nation feed grains, meat products, and rice will soon run which carries the responsibility into similar protectionist roadblocks. (See "What Is of the leadership of the free The European Common Market?" on p. 8) world in the nuclear age." Sen. J. W. Fulbright (D-Ark.) Organized labor can still flex a mighty muscle or two in industry and politics, but the statistics in- PAEAN TO POLITICS alcate a slowly creeping slack setting in. "The success of our form of Latest figures obtained by the Bureau of Labor government is directly attrib- Statistics here, not always with union cooperation, uted to this difference of opin- show a steady decline in organized labor's power over ion as represented by a strong

the past seven years . . .U.S. union membership today two-party system. It behooves covers only 30% of the total non-farm labor force, a every young person today to drop of 3.4%, or nearly 1 million since 1956. support this system and to The BLS blames the union losses not to workers' strengthen it by active partici- disaffection, but to the steady drop in manufacturing pation. Rep. Odin Langen employment, to the large-scale shift by workers to (R-Minn.) white-collar jobs, and to the stagnation of the old- time organizing spirit. FROWN DETERRENCE Total U.S. union membership is estimated at around "A U.S. frown doesn't deter 16,630,000, or roughly one out of five of the entire others from committing what labor force ... Of these, 3,300,000 are women. we consider to be political sins." Edwin M. Martin, Assistant While there is some comfort for the U. S. in the Secretary of State for Inter- current split between the maj or communist powers, some American Affairs. Government leaders here are worrying over the long- range consequences of the unrelenting hatred that Red ANATOMY OF APATHY China holds for the United States. "External aid should be so For more than two decades, Mao Tse-tung has been conceived and administered as brainwashing the half-billion red-ruled Chinese that to outlive its usefulness as soon Uncle Sam is their linyielding enemy ... So that as possible." David E. Bell, Ad- today an entire generation of Chinese has been raised ministrator of Agency for In- to know nothing but hatred for the United States. ternational Development. Even the tragic death of President Kennedy failed

to arouse a glimmer of compassion in Red China . . . TOO MUCH TALK Castro murmured fumbling regrets, but Peking reacted "There is an instinctive feel-

by publishing and broadcasting scurrilous attacks on ing . . . that we Americans talk President Kennedy and on his successor. too much, tell too much, and we Two years ago, a Chinese red leader boasted that should be much tighter about his country could lose 350 million men in a nuclear our military information and

war and still remain a major power . . . Today Red what we know about the Rus- China is pushing all stops to develop its own atomic sians." Arthur Sylvester, As- bomb, driven on in part by a deep hajtred for the U.S. sistant Secretary of Defense. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 5 —

Korea; we are fighting a "no win" war in Viet Nam, in Washington and in the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR U.N., and a "no win" war over the communist invasion of Cuba. The Olympic committee is planning and executing a "no win" Olympic games. They all seem Letters published do not necessarily ex- sir: I read with wholehearted apprpval to think that if we stop winning, the press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must Mr. Giese's article about Judge Loble, communists will stop hating us. Only our be furnished. Expressions of opinion and "Montana's Experiment With Juvenile best competitive athletes should be sent requests for personal services are appreciated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Crime," in your December issue. I wish to the Olympics, pro or no pro. Those ansicered, due to lack of magazine staff for permission to reproduce it for this city's who don't want to make a living in sports these purposes. Requests for personal services which may be legitimately asked of 30,000 citizens. We are having our share should be subsidized like the Russian The American Legion should be made to of juvenile crime and I feel this method "amateurs." y^ur Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send is worthy of consideration by our people. George A. Trumbo letters to the editor to: Letters, The Albert O. Sonnenberg Sutherlin, Ore. American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- Kingston, N. Y. nue, New York, N. Y. 10019. sir: Thanks for Jaffee's excellent article. I've been waiting for years for someone sir: Sydney Prerau's November article, sir: Legionnaires everywhere should with the fortitude to write such a scath- "What You Should Know About Writ- make sure that Mr. Giese's article about ing denunciation of our mossback is in the of ing a Will," is valuable advice for your Judge Loble placed hands Olympic brass, enlighten the their local legislators and us on readers. I would particularly urge that judges, and other fallacy of amateurs vs. professionals. veterans who have not reviewed their civic minded leaders. Our Post has found Time after time, going all the way back wills in many years get them out and do public officials to be highly cooperative to the shoddy Jim Thorpe deal, fine so, in consultation with their attorneys. in evaluating suggestions offered to American athletes have been barred by In the intervening years they may have them. the AAU and the Olympic Committee acquired new beneficiaries and lost Frank R. Coleman from international competition on tech- some old ones, they may have acquired Arlington, Va. nicalities of amateurism that other new property to be disposed of, and the countries ignore. I will make my next witnesses of their original wills may sir: More power to Judge Lester Loble donation to the American Olympic team have died. All of these are urgent rea- of Helena, Montana. when we have amateurs and profes- sons for devising a new will. Leon F. Davis sionals classified under one heading James C. Kellog Lynn, Mass. American Athletes. Attorney at Law sir: An accolade to Judge Loble, and his Watson Howden Chicago, III. effective method of curbing juvenile Oakland, Calif. crime. They should also review the named sir: At our last regular meeting, Quen- W. Walter Fox beneficiaries of their life insurance. tin Roosevelt Post 8, Clinton, N. J., dis- Chicago, III. cussed your enlightening December sir: What kind of a Legionnaire's rep- article on dogtags, called Medic-Alert, sir: Long live Judge Lester Loble! He resentative are you to exalt such a man for people who require special medical has awakened his judicial district on as Arthur H. Dean and his assignment handling in emergencies. This led to a how to deal with young criminals. Until by the United States to argue for the discussion of the whole maimer in which others do likewise juvenile crime will disarmament of our country and placing our magazine is edited today, and to an continue and increase at an alarming our land under United Nations arma- expression by the Commander and rate. ment? You should be fired from your members of Post 8 of how pleased we are Jesse Linebarger editorship for allowing such stuff to be with the new-looking, new-reading Tonopah, Nev. published in our magazine. American Legion Magazine. Emil Jahn Virginia Chapman, Adjutant sir: Please advise cost of 100 reprints of Sun City, Ariz. Clifton, N. J. the Judge Loble article, one of the most sensible and effective approaches to the sir: On page 31, December, we showed Wall How can one apply for a Medic- problem I've ever read. Street Post 1217, American Legion, Alert tag? J. H. GiLLisoN, Jr. (N.Y.), awarding its annual Bill of Robert Dennison, Jr. Newhall, Calif. Rights Defense Medal to Arthur H. Baltimore, Md. Dean, former Chief U.S. Delegate to the sir: We need enough copies of the Judge Write: Medic-Alert, Turlock, Calif. Geneva Disarmament Conference. The Loble article to distribute to our Cali- in U.S. pulled out of the conference fornia State Juvenile Officers Ass'n. sir: I want to express my thanks for 1961, having made no headway toward Walter F. Young, Sheriff your December editorial favoring wide- an enforceable disarmament agreement Contra Costa Coimty spread publication of the actual tran- with the Soviet Union. Martinez, Calif. scripts of Congressional investigating hearings. A year ago I was on a study sir: I recently read in the news that sir: "Montana's Experiment With Juve- group which had these transcripts avail- three acres in Arlington cemetery had nile Crime," is just about the finest you able to it. They were tremendous eye- been given to the Kennedy family. I ever published. Judge Loble deserves a openers, and it seemed to us that they have the utmost regards and sincere lot of credit for sticking to his guns in should be available to every American. sympathy for the Kennedy family, but the face of a lot of criticism from else- Harold M. Martin as the family has no possible need for where. I hope the National or Montana Spokane, Wash. three acres at Arlington, I cannot see American Legion present the good jurist but this gesture will be an embarrass- with a Meritorious Service Citation. sir: I share Prof. Mitchell Dreese's re- ment to the former First Lady. A. E. Kochler grets (Letters, December) that the ex- Grace Decker Havertown, Pa. cellent content of our magazine is not Tacoma, Wash. more available to the general public. Our sir: Re: Irving Jaffee's December article, Westchester Auxiliary Unit 823 tries to Many others have wondered about this "Why We Deserve to Lose the Olympics," remedy this in a small way through gift story, too. The American Legion re- we do not deserve to lose the Olympics, subscriptions to each public library in ceived an account of the facts of the but our Olympic Committee should be the Westchester area of Los Angeles. Kennedy plot at Arlington, and it ap- kicked off its butt and sent out to pick Frances K. Leahy pears on page 27. chickens. We fought a "no win" war in Los Angeles, Calif.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 a EDITOR'S CORNER

A GREAT AMERICAN JIM Boyle is retiring, at the age of 77, from the office of Department Adjutant of the Maine American Legion. His record is unequalled. He was Secretary to the Maine delegation at the founding caucus of the Legion in St. Louis, Mo., in May, 1919. For 45 years since then he has been the Department Adjutant, which means the top State administrative officer.

Jack Williams, of North Dakota, still in harness, comes close to James L. Boyle's

record. Williams is a rough-and-tumble, politically-intuitive, twinkling Irishman

while Boyle is a gentle-voiced, broad-A'ed Yankee made of whole-cloth Downcast worsted, but they are not too different inside. Williams has been North Dakota Ad- jutant since 1919, but wasn't delegation secretary at St. Louis. Nobody but Wil- liams comes close to Jim Boyle's record. Jim Boyle has operated out of Water- ville, Maine, where he made his living as an attorney and served the Legion for little

James L. Boyle material reward. Boyle and Williams have not only been the top men in their Legion Close by if you need her state offices for the entire life of the Le- gion, but they have been the counsels, the sages, the men of correct intuition. They have been the principal dealers No matter what the hour— through the day or the with the public and their state govern- darkness of the night— there's always an operator as ments on behalf of the Legion, and, because they have always identified good close as your telephone. Just a single turn of the dial

Legion policy with good public policy, it and she is there! is equally true that the public and the governments in Maine and North Dakota Helping people in emergencies. Working on calls have felt that they were as important to their States as to the Legion. that require special attention. Answering calls for in- Jim Boyle never did anything halfway, formation. Providing personal, individual service in so never left anything undone. A new Com- mander of a Maine Legion Post could many ways. count on Boyle giving him everything in writing, down to the last detail, that he And seeking to do it always in a friendly, courteous could possibly have to know to do his job and competent manner. well. The governors and the legislatures of Maine, for nearly half a century, could turn with equal confidence to Jim Boyle for trustworthy counsel on state policy. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM Jim Boyle is sincere, principled to the core, genuine, always a gentleman in ev- SERVING YOU ery sense, and though he will only be embarrassed speechless to read it here— Great American. rbp —

FOR YOUR INFORMATION America Withstands the Shock Test

By NATIONAL COMMANDER ^^^^^^^^..^^^^^^ ^^y"^-^^.^

"Death does its work, obliterates a hundred, a One—the built-in durability and balance of the thousand—President, general, captain, private structure of Government established by our but the Nation is immortal." Founding Fathers nearly two centuries ago; Walt Whitman penned this truth in 1865 after Two—the historic faith of our people in God Lincoln was assassinated. Our generation redis- and in their God-given capacity to make covered it in the tragic fall of 1963. their own way on earth; The assassination of President John Fitzgerald Three—the ability of a free people to act nobly Kennedy sent most of us to our knees—in sorrow under pressure. or shame or prayer. Ours is a government of laws, not of men; re- There was the pain of a leader lost and a First cent events served to reaffirm the fact. The insti- Family bereaved. But there was never, even in tutions designed to make and execute and inter- the first shock wave of the deed, any concern for pret the laws have proved to be eminently sound the safety and stability of the Government itself. instruments for the orderly exercise of the will The lack of such doubts stemmed from our of the people. The Congress of the United States, complete confidence in the innate strength of our the Office of the President, and the Supreme governmental structure and of our people. Court are more than tools of democracy; they Time has not diminished our sense of loss. But are its citadels, challenging us to live our be- time and events have demonstrated, for all the liefs. world to see, the ability of the American system Those who would destroy America must first to sustain itself in adversity. destroy Americans' respect for these permanent Of the lessons to be drawn from the depths of institutions of law and order. tragedy, this is not the least: A Nation broken by In a community of free men, common adversity grief kept its institutions and its unity intact. begets uncommon unity. The kind of unity we Other societies have collapsed under crises of achieved after the crime of November 22nd could lesser dimension. Some, unable to fill a vacuum never be brought about by decree. It rose from of leadership, endured violent uprisings, an- the hearts and minds of a people jarred into stark archy, purges, policy collapse. appraisal of their common values. This Nation stayed on course. The Government We put away partisanship. Political leaders of stood—its authority unchallenged, its capacity to every persuasion moved quickly to uphold the act unimpaired. The institutions of an ordered national interest. A foreign foe seeking to exploit society continued to fulfill their Constitutional the assassin's blow would have had to reckon functions. Control of the most powerful office in with unbroken ranks of Americans. the land passed from one man to another. One All this suggests that the spirit and structure hundred and eighty million citizens offered, be- of modern America remain so vibrant and sound fore it was asked, their support of President Lyn- that all have the tools to contribute by responsi- don Baines Johnson. ble and thoughtful deeds to the attainment of Why did this happen under a system which ever higher levels of citizenship. places maximum limitations on the Government The President we mourn believed that man can and minimum limitations on the governed? do more than he knows, provided he aims high, Every citizen who understands and loves tries hard, and is willing to sacrifice. America knows the answer. In our kind of country it is possible.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 OUR FIRST MARTYRED PRESIDENT

Abraham Lincoln, whose 155th days, died Sept. 16 at Elberon, N.J. birthday is Feb. 12, 1964, was President William McKinley was the lirst of four U.S. Presidents shot at a public reception in Buf-

to be murdered. This photo was falo, N.Y.. Sept. 6, 1 90 1 . by Leon taken April 9, 1865, five days Czolgosz. a madman who had before actor John Wilkes Booth nothing against McKinley shot Lincoln in Ford's Theater, except that he was "a ruler." Washington, D.C. on April 14. McKinley lived eight days, died

Lincoln died after midnight, Sept. 14. President John Fitzgerald

April 15. Booth's blow was Kennedy was shot by Lee Oswald struck against the Northern cause while riding in a procession in Lincoln had led during the Civil War. Dallas, Tex., Nov. 22, 1963. He President James Abram Garfield died almost immediately. Oswald's was shot in a Washington rail station, motives are still oKscure.

July 2, 1881, by Charles J. Guiteau because he'd failed to get a federal job. Garfield lived 74 By HOWARD WHIDDEN

YNDON Johnson comes to the Presi- dency of the United States at a L' time when, among other enormous problems, a profound change in our relationships with the friendly nations of continental Europe seems to be in the making. He comes on the scene when the direction of that change is still unsure. In the balance are our trade relations, which ultimately touch on the bread and butter of our labor force, our farmers, our businessmen and our industry—hence all of us. Keystone of the President's problem is the thing in the headlines known to all of us as the Euro- pean Common Market, which is very largely an outgrowth of our own efforts I ^ siciiy ! to put Europe back on its feet after

World War 2. On March 27, 1957, European statesmen gathered in Rome and signed the European During the centuries that spanned the Common Market treaty, to weld the six nations (inset map) in one economic bloc.

What is the EUROPEA^

discovery of America and the outbreak Here is the stickiest thing President Johnson will of World War 2 the power center of the world was in Western Europe. Then suddenly, in the aftermath of the war, it became clear to everybody, including the have to discuss if he meets with General de Gaulle; Europeans, that power had shifted west- ward to the United States and eastward to the Soviet Union. Even after the United States had launched the Marshall Plan and shown its determination to prevent a communist takeover in Western Europe, there was such an economic and military vacuum

there that it seemed as if the area might become a permanent backwater in world affairs. Now, some 15 years later. Western Europe has rebuilt its industrial and financial strength, and is back as a major force on the international scene. Many things have contributed to the comeback, including massive economic and military assistance from this country. But the most important thing has been the drive in Europe to create a single mass market such as ours and to achieve, ultimately, political unity. President Lyndon B. Johnson Charles de Gaulle, French President Out of this drive for unity, and the had a very rapid rate of business expan- ly, a top financial official in Washington support it got from the United States, sion or economic growth far faster went so far as to say to a friend that grew the six-nation European Common — than either Britain or the United States. we stood in danger of losing to Europe Market which has acted as an economic This fast growth was stimulated by the our economic leadership of the free generator for all of Western Europe. progress made during these years toward world. From its start in 1958 through 1962, the complete free trade the Actually, an industrial renaissance was Common Market nations as a group have among member nations—France, West Germany, Italy, underway in Europe before the Common Belgium, Holland, and Luxemburg, Market got going. Many production and as the Six. marketing methods were being Ameri- Howard Whidden is the foreign editor known early fifties, when the idea of Business Week magazine. A year or so ago, before our own canized by the economy started to expand just as rapid- of building a mass consumer market in

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1964 Volkswagen plant, Wolfsburg, Germany. Common Market poultry barriers have already caused Italian textile plant at Valdagno Common Market may produce European consternation here. Wheat restrictions loom as next Big European producers will prob equivalents of General Motors, etc. big problem. Above, an efficient French wheatfield. ably get bigger, small ones fade COMMON MARKET?

Europe began to take hold. Living stand- to reinforce political stability in Europe designed to get a two-way liberalization ards also were rising, and economic ex- and also enlarge opportunities for U.S. of trade between the United States and pansion was in the air. Then came a exports. At the same time, the U.S. gov- Europe.

further acceleration of these develop- ernment realized that British member- As it happened, however, President ments as the Six made a reality of the ship would increase Europe's competitive de Gaulle of France vetoed British mem- single market idea. challenge to the United States, and that bership almost exactly a year ago, in or- Soon the Common Market, taken as a the new export opportunities would not der to block both British and U.S. aims.

single trading block, gave tough compe- open up unless the enlarged Common Now it remains to be seen whether this

tition to American industry in the inter- Market agreed to lower the tariff wall it country's new trade legislation will actu- national marketplace, and in our domestic market as well. Moreover, as tariffs came down among member nations, but not for the United States, an Ameri- can producer trying to sell in France against, say, a German producer, found himself at a disadvantage. Still, as investment in modern plants expanded and personal consumption rose, the Common Market became an increasingly large outlet for U.S. goods.

For several years now it has been taking more American exports than any other part of the world, including the whole of Latin America. This means jobs for American workers and profits for Ameri- Paul Hoffman, U.S. Paul-Henri Spaak Robert Schuman can companies. At the same time, the

Common Market buys in hard cash al- Paul Hoffman, former Marshall Plan administrator, made first hard proposal

most 50% more from us than it sells to that Common Market be created. Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgium, outlined it in de-

us, though it would not be able to do this tail. Robert Schuman, France, pioneered its predecessor in coal and steel. if the United States were not providing its basic military security under commit- planned to build around itself against ally be used in cutting the Common ments to the North Atlantic Treaty Or- outsiders. With British producers inside Market's tariff against our goods and the ganization (NATO). this wall and getting the tariff cuts made U.S. tariff against goods exported from In 1962, it seemed that Britain would for members, U.S. producers would face the Six. De Gaulle's veto so offended the be joining the Common Market, thereby a bigger handicap than before in trying other members of the Common Market strengthening its own economy and pro- to sell goods to Europe. that progress toward full economic un- tecting its political influence on the Con- This explains why the U.S. Congress ion has slowed down and sharp differ- tinent. British membership was backed in 1962 passed the late President Ken- ences have shown up with respect to fu- by Washington because it was expected nedy's Trade Expansion Act, which was {Continued on page 38) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • Fp:3R'JARY 1964 H The New Hampshir

The first state lottery in the U. S. in two generations was authorized last April,

will have its first payoff next September. Here's an inside report from Concord.

By D. FRANK O'NEIL Right now, state officials are working overtime to make sure there are no "bugs" in the plan that would place the state in conflict with federal laws and regulations on gambling and STATE of New Hampshire, starting in 1964, will interstate commerce. THEhold a New Hampshire Sweepstakes, based on $3 They know that the Louisiana lottery fell into disrepute be- chances (without any claim tickets issued), to be sold cause of racketeering on the part of the operators. at state liquor stores and race tracks in New Hampshire. The But this. New Hampshire officials recall, was a privately winners of each drawing will be determined by the results run lottery, as opposed to the New Hampshire Sweepstakes of a horserace. The proceeds will be distributed by the state which will be conducted by the state government under the to local communities for exclusive use of their public educa- watchful eye of Edward J. Powers, a former special agent tion programs. It will be the first state lottery or sweepstakes of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Powers resigned of any sort in the United States since the Louisiana lottery his post as special agent in charge of the New England area folded up some 60 years ago. to take on this "unique challenge." He has the confidence of police officials throughout the region and only recently was awarded a plaque by the Police Chiefs Association of Massa- chusetts as a reward for his cooperation with them over the past 20 years. Powers gained nationwide fame as the man who wrung from Joseph "Specs" O'Keefe the confession that led to the big break in the famous Brinks robbery in Boston. His inti- mate knowledge of racketeers and gamblers was one of the factors that prompted the newly-created N. H. Sweepstakes Commission to pick him for the $20,000 to $25,000-a-year job as executive director. The history of the Sweepstakes legislation in a conservative state like New Hampshire is interesting. For the past five biennial sessions of the Legislature, a Keene man. Rep. Laurence M. Pickett (D), has been pushing

for the bill, often described as his "pet" legislation. Back in 1955, he initially succeeded in getting both the House and Sen-

ate to approve it, because the revenue would also, at that time, help meet the mounting costs of education.

Gov. John W. King announces to the Legislature his signing of the Sweeps law on the 30th of last April.

Public interest in the New Hampshire Sweepstakes has been on an international scale ever since the authorizing bill was signed by Gov. John W. King last April 30. Worldwide reactions include declarations that the Sweepstakes is immoral; numerous inquiries on how to buy chances from out-

side the state; curiosity about how it can conform to federal

gambling laws, and watchful waiting to see how it works. Like the Irish Sweepstakes which has flourished for so many years, there will be lots of winners, but the big difference is that the New Hampshire "fiscal experiment" is legal, while

the Irish Sweeps is strictly an "under-the-counter" operation. Everyone seems to be waiting to see how New Hampshire makes out in this scheme to turn the human gambling instinct

into a state fund-raising project for education. If it works Edward Powers, right, Sweepstakes Director, huddles with well, there may be many other states following in New Hamp- Rockingham Park head Lou Smith, Sweepstakes Commission shire's footsteps. Chairman Howell Sheppard, and Gov. King (left to right).

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 Rockingham Park, where a special race is planned for the first New Hampshire Sweepstakes drawing, next September.

New Hampshire then had a Republi- voted in support of the Sweepstakes. He conceded that there were heavy can governor, Lane Dwinell of Leb- On signing the Sweepstakes bill last pressures on him to veto the measure, as anon, and surprisingly he had told news- April 30, King, as Governor, said, there obviously were on his predecessor, men earlier that if the lawmakers passed "Those who favored my election to office former Governor Dwinell. These pres-

such a bill he would approve it. However, [as governor] were well aware of my sures stressed moral opposition above all hard pressed by some of his party leaders voting record on this issue. I make no else. But Governor King said that to veto to veto it it his for consistency." when arrived on desk, apology it "would be to deny the right of the peo- he did so. At that point the bill appeared ple of our state to embark on a legitimate to have reached its high-water mark. fiscal experiment." He added, "I am un- Nevertheless, Pickett persisted and willing to set myself up as a Solomon or brought the bill in at every session. In a Caesar in the holy assumption that my the 1961 session it again passed the views are more intelligent or discerning House, but was bottled up in the Senate. or moralistic than those of our people." This time, one of the members of the One of the first things that Sweep- House was Democratic floor leader John stakes Director Powers insisted upon, as W. King who was, just two years later, plans began to jell for the novel lottery to break a 40-year record in the State program, was that tickets would be by getting himself elected as Democratic available only in New Hampshire. Even governor. King, while a legislator, had so, everyone realizes that the bulk of the $3 tickets will be issued to out-of-staters

D. FRANK o'neil is a political writer if the "Sweeps" is going to bring in the for the Manchester (N. H.) Union estimated $4,000,000 annually to help Leader. His beat is the state capitol local towns and cities with their school at Concord. Tickets will be sold at N.H. state liquor stores and race tracks only. headaches. (Continued on page 43) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 13 A DESCRIPTION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON BY ONE WHO KNEW HIM

THINK I knew General Washington intimately and thor- . . . His heart was not warm in its affections; but he exactly cal-

I oughly . . . His mind was great and powerful, without being culated every man's value, and gave him a solid esteem propor- of the very first order; his penetration strong ... as far as he tioned to it. saw, no judgment was ever sounder. It was slow in operation, "His person, you know, was fine, his stature exactly what one being little aided by invention or imagination, but sure in con- would wish, his deportment easy, erect and noble; the best horse- clusion . . . hearing all suggestions, he selected whatever was man of his age, and the most graceful figure that could be seen best; and certainly no General ever planned his battles more judi- on horseback . . .

". ciously . . . He was incapable of fear, meeting personal dangers . . In public, when called on for a sudden opinion, he was with the calmest unconcern. unready, short, and embarrassed. Yet he wrote readily, rather "Perhaps the strongest feature of his character was prudence, diffusedly, in an easy and correct style. This he had acquired by never acting until . . . every consideration was maturely weighed conversation with the world, for his education was merely read-

. . . His integrity was most pure, his justice the most inflexible I ing, writing, and common arithmetic, to which he added surveying have ever known, no motives of interest or consanguinity, of at a later day. His time was employed in action chiefly, reading friendship or hatred, being able to bias his decision. He was, in- little and that only in agriculture and English history . . . deed, in every sense of the word, a wise, good, and a great man. "On the whole his character was, in its mass, perfect, in nothing

His temper was naturally high toned; but reflection and resolution bad, in few points indifferent; and it may be truly said, that never had obtained a firm and habitual ascendancy over it. If ever, how- did nature and fortune combine more perfectly to make a man ever, it broke its bonds, he was most tremendous in his wrath great, and to place him ... in an everlasting remembrance."

By T. R. FEHRENBACH

ABOVE APPRAISAL of GeorgC THEWashington was written 15 years after his death. The man who wrote it had indeed known Washington well, though only in later life. He had GEORGE lived and worked close to him, fought him, cavilled him, opposed him and raised up dissension against him. He had angered him, and even resigned in bitterness from his Cabinet. His name was WASHINGTON Thomas Jefferson.

Yet the above word portrait is probably the fairest and most accurate one ever written of Washington. Even though penned after the Napoleonic Wars had Human Being proved Washington's foreign policy correct and Jefferson's early ideas wrong, and after his own ordeal of power in the Presidency had mellowed many of Jeffer- son's more radical ideas, it not only does He has been idolized and debunked. credit to General Washington but to Mr. Jefferson as well. For this was the way Washington's contemporaries saw him, was our first President really like? from the age of 40 onward. What Men are not born generals or Presi-

dents, nor is their character cast at birth. Washington the General, and Washing- ton the President, were made by Wash- turned into the most unreal, wooden, and boy who never told a lie—though ington the youth. It is only by looking dehumanized—and, to say it plainly, re- many a time in his reports to the Conti- at George Washington the boy that we spected but unloved figure in American nental Congress he avoided truths which can begin to understand Washington the history. Abraham Lincoln is loved be- would, in effect, have damaged the Revo- man, and sense, however dimly, how he cause Abraham Lincoln was not only lutionary cause. became Father of His Country. great in his wisdom and humanity, but He has been represented as a man For Washington the man is not clear anguished, failure-ridden, maligned, and who never missed church, although his to us today. Vast changes in the shape often uncertain; Abraham Lincoln, 100 own minister admitted Washington never and thinking of America, and the passage years after his death, is still a man, a once took communion, and Washington's of time stand in the way. Obscuring our great and tragic human being. journals and diaries reveal plainly that

view of Washington even more is the George Washington was made into a Squire Washington was often busy with very distorted image of our first Presi- legend set in concrete. His image became plantation or hounds while Mrs. Wash- dent that has been handed down to us. that of a man who never sinned, set down ington attended services. Nineteenth century biographers al- in a world of sinners, something which Many a schoolboy knows that George tered, suppressed and invented the de- many men instinctively in their hearts Washington never used bad language. tails of Washington's early life until a distrust. It is possible to salute or revere That would be news to Gen. Charles Lee, "youth of strong appetites, fierce temper, a statue, but it is not easy to love one. who received a royal chewing at Mon- positive, belligerent, and aggressive" was Washington has been made into a man (Continued on page 32) 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1964 NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART, WASHINGTON, D. C. GIFT OF JEAN McGINLEY DRAPER, 1954

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 15 BROWN BROI How Can We Save Our Vanishing Wildlife?

Uncounted millions of American buffalo were slaughtered almost to extinction and legislation was needed to save what was left.

with cattails and center-pieced with a pair of blackducks. There was something Proper management is the answer, says a else—a high bank of ashes, refuse, and fill dirt pushing over the marsh from one side like the spectre of doom. A year from now the water, cattails, and ducks noted expert, if future Americans are to would be gone. It was happening all right. The large-scale blotting out of natural have the benefit of this natural resource. scenery isn't limited to the East. It's happening to major areas of the Great Lakes region and the Gulf and Pacific coasts. It's part and parcel of the population By DURWARD L. ALLEN New Jersey—through the midsection of buildup that will double our numbers in that broad band of industrial and urban 35 years. And while this happens, reports Y New Jersey friend was down buildup which now stretches, city to sub- the Outdoor Recreation Resources Re-

in the dumps, and I couldn't urb, from northern Virginia to the far view Commission, public participation in blame him. "Hunting and fish- side of Boston. This was the famed and outdoor pursuits will triple!

ing are sick," he said. "The great out- defamed "megalopolis," product of our Maybe it will. But how much of this doors—where is it? I bruise my bunions gone-wild population spree. The train open-air activity will be hunting and fish- over miles of tramped-flat pheasant sped on through an unbroken horizon of ing? Even today, seven out of ten of us cover. It's too late, no bird. On opening subdivisions, business houses, factories, live in cities, and our tramping ranges

day I elbow my way into a stream—to assembly plants, storage yards, gas sta- are getting farther away all the time. catch a trout? No, to compete for one! tions, auto mortuaries, dumps, and junk- With less land and water for wildlife, do

"Where are we headed?" he asked. yards. I picked up a Trenton newspaper we handle it as my friend suggested and "How does the city guy get this whole- —and stared in disbelief. invest in outsize hatchery and stocking some, healthful, outdoor sport we hear An anonymous editorial writer was operations? Likely enough, you could sell about? A lot of us can't drive hundreds deeply disturbed, but not about hunting this idea to the public. It's the way a lot of miles on a weekend. Do we put away and fishing. It bothered him that there of people think, but it's not the way pro- our gear? Or do we raise a racket for still were flats and marshes "undevel- fessional game and fish managers think. the state to plant birds and fish till you oped" and (it said here) going to waste. As early as 30 years ago some of can't miss?" These should be filled and made into them had decided that you couldn't sat- These queries were plaguing me on a building sites. New industries could be isfy a big public demand for high-quality day last spring as I rode a train across invited to move in and help cure the un- sport by artificial, one-at-a-time methods. employment problem. It would keep the Of course no one believed them, so state

economy expanding and it would . . . after state carried out experiments to DURWARD L. ALLEN IS ProfeSSOr of

Wildlife Management in the Depart- tax base . . . business . . . progress . . . get facts and figures. They found that

ment of Forestry and Conservation etc. ... I couldn't stay with it. the common method of pheasant stock- at Purdue University and has written The train crossed an overpass and I ing, turning out six- to eight-week-old widely on the subject. had a momentary view of a pond rimmed chicks in the summer according to popu-

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB RUARY 1964 lar demand, was often a total flop. The the kill might be 10% to 20% of the No one knew what such hens were worth. intended targets disappeared, and by cocks planted. On intensively managed Plenty of biologists discounted them. hunting season you either had a crop of public shooting areas, where both gun Plenty of hunters licked their pencils and wild birds or nothing at all. pressure and stocking were heavy, they started multiplying. They came up with Then they began holding their shoot- could release birds directly before the reassuring figures. If only half those lib- ing poultry for fall release. It cost more, hunter and get returns of 60% to 80%. erated females brought off a brood, if

but it worked better. And the closer to The idea was to shoot them before some- most of the chicks survived, if half of

opening day they turned them out, the thing else happened to them. them were cocks, if . . . say, let's have more the hunter could harvest. In ran- Most pheasant stocking included hens, more hens! dom stocking over the pheasant range. which were not a part of the legal kill. In 1958, game biologists in Wisconsin

Oil pollution killed 10,000 ducks on The progress of draglines provides land for new homes but ruins wildlife habitats. the Mississippi River early in 1963. WIDE WORLD completed a three-year study of this problem. The answer was that few of the hens survived to breed, and for each one stocked, the total production of hunting season cocks varied from two-tenths to four-tenths of a bird! It appeared that hen planting didn't help much. The cost? You can get all kinds of figures for the cost of a bird in the bag. In statewide stocking the price may be pretty unreasonable, like $20 in Indiana and $18 in Oregon. But this kind of operation is on the decline. California workers found that on their stocked public shooting areas a harvested cock cost about $10. Wisconsin has a well developed day-old-chick program in which sportsmen's clubs do the rearing at minimum cost, since some services are contributed. An analysis indicates that a cock pheasant shot as a result of this work costs between $1.79 and $3.32.

Take it at its best, and the price still means that nearly the equivalent of a

small game license fee is expended to furnish a hunter with a planted bird.

Even more commonly, it's a lottery where several license holders pool their fees and buy a pheasant for one of them. This isn't the kind of mass production There'll more fishermen unless constructive action is taken soon. (Continued on page 48) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 17 WASHINGTON PRO & CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON THE LUNAR PROJECT B1

IS THE RACE TO THE YES

Sen. Clinton P. Anderson will number 1,995,000; less than Q'/c will work for (D-N.M.) NASA and its contractors. Meanwhile, NASA, through grants and fellowships, is helping to increase the THE UNITED states' effort to supply of scientific engineering personnel. the land men on the moon is a and And sound, absolutely vital invest- broad-gauged space effort has attracted young people ment. to science who might otherwise have pursued other With so much attention fo- careers. Instrument satellites can give us information cused on the federal budget, it much space, is the to success. Space is essential to put space spend- about but man key The ing in proper perspective. The Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences National Aeronautics and Space Administration will says: "Man can contribute critical elements of scientific judgment and discrimination in conducting the accomplish all the programs now planned for this scientific exploration of bodies which can never decade—including the manned landing on the moon those be fully supplied by his instruments however complex —for under $35 billion. That is only two-thirds of the and sophisticated they become." Defense Department budget for this fiscal year alone. may The orbital flights of our astronauts certainly are It seems a small price to pay for a vast storehouse government-sponsored spectaculars. when of experience and information, a network of research not But do what the astronauts have done, the eyes and centers, and other facilities which will be required for men space missions beyond the moon, including possible ears of the world are tuned to their feats. Remember the tremendous welcome Lindbergh received on both military uses. In reality, the moon mission is only a sides of the Atlantic? segment of a much broader scientific program. Weather satellites are proving their value in long- Project Apollo, as the moon landing is called, is not range forecasting, a direct benefit of the space pro- a crash program. Its challenging pace enables us to gram. Estimates are that an accurate prediction of work rapidly, yet efficiently, without recklessly gam- weather only five days in advance could save U. S. bling resources. The success of the space program farmers billion a year. attests to the wide use of resources only where the $2V2 It is well within the realm of possibility that space chances of accomplishment have been high. Space is exploration can help bring together the alienated parts taking only 1% of the gross national product. Un- of humanity. If this lessens the danger of nuclear war, deniably, we have many unmet social needs here on the billions spend on space will be of incalculable earth. But many who would slash billions from space we value. is going to the and into space. The would not support social welfare programs. Man moon significance of his voyage will be best appreciated by (Note: Since 1958, the year NASA was established, generations yet to come. this country has continually increased its spending on education and medical research.) America's shortage of scientific and technical manpower has not been aggravated by Project Apollo. It is predicted that in 1970, scientists and engineers

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him.

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 SEN. CLINTON P. ANDERSON, N.M. AND REP. THOMAS M. PELLY, WASH.

MOON WORTH THE PRICE? NO

Rep. Thomas M. Pelly (R-Wash.) as well as increasing our own communications, recon- 1st District naissance and surveillance capabilities.

FIND IT HARD, if not impossi- My position relative to the lunar landing project I ble, to justify the some $20 is shared by many of our country's top scientists. bilUon we will have to spend on A former president of the American Association the Apollo moon project in rela- for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Warren Weaver, tion to, and commensurate with, summed up such feeling when he said: "I believe that possible technological and sci- most scientists consider the proposed expenditures entific advancement. I have quite unjustified on the grounds of scientific consid- strong misgivings as to the erations; and also the frantic pace of the program to project's urgency and the resulting increased cost of be wasteful." placing a man on the moon by 1970. Similarly, Dr. J. C. Warner, president of Carnegie To me, there are higher priority programs, including Institute of Technology, has described our space pro- a tax cut, which would strengthen rather than weaken gram as vain, naive and dangerous. the Nation's economy. Landing instruments on the moon, it is felt by many scientists, would achieve adequate scientific data Last fall, I urged the establishment of an advisory committee to the Congress to suggest a more realistic cheaper and faster; and many students of the Soviet approach, doUarwise, in the future years of our na- space effort believe this is the course Russia will follow. physicist is director of the tional science research program. Meanwhile, I favor A who Geophysics Lab- a stretch-out of the Apollo manned lunar landing oratory of the Carnegie Institution, Dr. Philip H. Abel- project, so as to achieve savings without doing violence son, is one scientist who has taken the position that vehicles. to other aspects of our space program. space can better be explored with unmanned He said recently, the Administration's Apollo program Along with some of my colleagues, I feel that the will "have a direct and indirect damaging effect on Apollo moon project is being rushed largely for pres- almost every area of science, technology and medicine" tige purposes. We should concentrate our program in diverting scientists from these fields. the area of space surrounding earth to a distance of by In opinion, the lunar landing project not 100 to 500 miles, called inner space, rather than outer my need It for, 1980. space. be abandoned. should be programmed say, In the meanwhile, we would have developed the basic The result to be gained from achieving supremacy skills, knowledge, hardware, and experience to make in inner space will be the ability to introduce or pre- it much less expensive, without the real risk that we vent the introduction of nuclear-armed satellites. may be wasting great sums on winning a race when Other national security benefits to be gained from there is no race. concentrating on exploration of inner space, rather than rushing to the moon, include the possibility of influencing or controlling the command and control systems of a potential enemy, preventing such influence or control of our command and control systems.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

I have read in The American Legion Magazine IN MY OPINION THE RACE TO THE MOON IS IS NOT WORTH THE PRICE. for February the arguments in PRO & CON: SIGNED

Is The Race To The Moon Worth The Price? ADDRESS

TOWN STATE

I THE AlVlERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 19 YOU EVER marveled at how HAVE FUNDAMENTALS OF BRIDGE By William S. Root a good bridge player can figure out the cards in your hand? If so, did you try to figure out how he did it, so you could do it too? Or did you just say to yourself, "It's How to Read too complicated for me!" If you took the pessimistic view, you may change your mind after studying how to read others' hands. Your Yon can consider yourself a bridge player ilie day you learn to count a hand. The bridge term "count a hand" means to determine how many cards in each Opponents' Hands suit were dealt to each player. In the course of the play of every hand, you can see the cards in your own hand and in dummy. You can find out the exact distribution of each suit when one of the closed hands fails to follow suit. For example: You are the declarer holding A K Q 2 and your dummy shows A 9 8 7 6. If when you cash the ace and king your left-hand opponent shows out on the second lead, you know your right-hand opponent started with four spades.

When you can get the count in three suits, you automatically have the count of the fourth suit—even though the fourth suit may never have been led. For example: When you find out your left-hand opponent started with one spade, six hearts and two diamonds, he automatically must have started with four clubs. You know that North started with six cash these cards, you need only keep In some deals you are able to get a hearts and seven cards in the other three track of one opponent's hand—it would count in only one suit, but this can be suits. South started with one heart and be double work and probably confuse very informative. Suppose you are West 12 cards in the other three suits. For this you if you tried to keep track of both and playing a contract of four spades: reason you should finesse South for the opponents' hands. queen of spades; there are 12 chances As you cash your spades and clubs, West East (Dummy) he has the queen and only seven chances North follows to the second lead of each,

A K 10 9

You have no losing clubs or diamonds, You have 1 1 sure tricks—three spades, finesse through North; because I know so your only problem is not to lose a three hearts, two diamonds and three South was dealt only one diamond." spade trick. With eight spades between clubs. The only chance for the twelfth It is true that you were lucky that the the two hands, you must decide which trick is to finesse for the queen of dia- diamond suit divided six-one and it player is more likely to hold the queen of monds successfully. Most players would showed up in counting the hand. It may spades and take a finesse through that think there is a 50-50 chance of guessing have developed that you couldn't find player. You must make your decision which way to finesse, unless they had a out how many diamonds each opponent although you have a count only in the peek, or were of the fairer sex and gifted was dealt. But you had nothing to lose heart suit. You dare not lead the other with women's intuition. But watch what by cashing your top cards and counting suits—in the effort to get a count—be- happens when you count the hand. the hand; if you couldn't find out who fore leading spades, for fear that the You must delay taking the diamond was more likely to have the queen, you opponents will trump one of your good finesse until you have cashed all of your always would have your 50-50 guess tricks. top cards in the other three suits. As you later. {Continued on page 37)

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 1 .

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU FEBRUARY 1964 LEGION TO HOLD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ROTC VITALIZATION BILL DEALT IN NATIONAL CAPITAL, MARCH 1 to 6: BLOW IN CONGRESS IN DECEMBER:

The American Legion's late-winter A severe blow was dealt to the annual Washington Conference will be held Reserve Officers Training Corps Vitaliza- at the Sheraton-Park Hotel, Washington, tion Bill (HR9124) on Dec. 2 when it D.C., March 1st to 6th. failed to get a needed two-thirds vote Events in connection with the con- for a rules suspension to pass it in the ference will include (1) The National House... The bill, strongly backed by The Commander's Banquet honoring the Congress American Legion, would permit consider- of the United States, Sheraton-Park able expansion of ROTC in high schools

Ballroom, March 4... (2) The Legion's Nat ' and colleges. . .Rep. F. Edward Hebert

Rehabilitation Conference, March 3-6... (La. ) had sought the rule to get the bill (3) Meetings of the following standing through in his capacity as chairman Commissions of the Legion: Economic, of Subcommittee #3 of the House Armed Finance, Foreign Relations, Legislative, Services Committee. .. On failure to secure National Security, Rehabilitation—March the suspension. Rep. Hebert stated that

3-5... (4) Nat ' 1 Commander's appearance he did not expect to try again. . before the House Veterans Affairs Com- National Commander of The American Legion mittee, Caucus Room, Old House Office Bldg, Daniel F. Foley then urged members of 10 a.m., March 3... (5) General meeting of the Legion and the Auxiliary to give the entire Washington Conference, March Rep. Hebert all p ossible support for 3... (6) Department Service Officers' another try, by wiring or writing Rep. Conference, March 1. Hebert and their own Congressmen showing

In addition, a graveside memorial strong support for HR9124. . .Members ceremony will be conducted in Arlington may write any member of the House by National Cemetery honoring the late Presi- addressing them by name at House Office dent John F. Kennedy on the afternoon of Building, Washington, D.C. Tuesday, March 3. All of the business sessions of the WILLIAM STERN, DEAN OF LEGION'S conference will be held at the EXEC COMMITTEE, DIES AT 77: Sheraton-Park Hotel... In addition, the William Stern of Fargo, North Dakota, Foreign Relations Commission will visit died, at age 77, in the Mayo Clinic, the State Department. .. the National Rochester, Minn., on New Year's Day. Security Commission will visit the In- One of the most remarkable and colorful dustrial College of the Armed Forces at Americans and Legionnaires of his time. Ft. McNair. . .hundreds of the conferees Bill Stern had the longest continuous will call on their Congressmen on Capitol service on the Legion's Nat ' 1 Executive Hill... the Economic Commission will confer Committee, having been North Dakota's with members of the U.S. Civil Service Nat'l Committeeman since 1926. In 1957, Commission and the Labor Department. this magazine said of him: "Bill Stern is The Rehabilitation Conference, nothing like anyone else in North Dakota biggest annual meeting of experts in or elsewhere. .. The salty president of the field of veterans benefits and veterans Fargo 's bright, modern Dakota National affairs, with an estimated 700 Legion and Bank has four loves: his bank; State service officers in attendance, Northwest Airlines (of which he is a will hold three days of panels with director) ; The American Legion (of which representatives of the Veterans Adminis- he was a founder) ; and politics. tration and other gov't agencies... "His language is usually fit only for Rehab Director John J. Corcoran has a pirate's parrot, and his ideas are noted that the Rehab conference will pay younger than Bill is old. He gads about special attention to the 20th anniversary all over the country and the world (he of the passage of the WW2 GI Bill of Rights. was dining with Gen. MacArthur in Korea

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 21 ) , " ,

when word came that President Truman had COLORFUL ARMY HISTORY relieved the general of his command. AVAILABLE FOR 40^: "Wherever Stern is, he sells his four The Army Information Office has loves. You have to belong to the Legion available (at 40< a copy) 40,000 copies if you're a veteran; if travel you you of a special issue of "Army Information have to fly you should vote for the ; Digest" for Sept. 1963, which is a col- candidates of Bill's party; and even if orful 48-page, 10,000 word illustrated you're a bellhop in the Carlton Hotel history of the U. S. Army . . .Not written in Washington, D.C., where Bill puts up, in bureaucratese , it is an entirely you'd better have a savings account in readable summary of the Army's history the National Bank." Dakota since colonial times, excellent for But though Stern was an ardent Re- general home reference for adults or for publican, and a member of the Republican public school students. .. It also includes National Committee, he acted as a foster 4-color plates of army decorations and father to Sen. Warren Magnuson, of campaign medals. . .Readers interested in Washington, helped educate him as a owning it should send their 40< to: fatherless youngster, and regularly Sup't of Documents, U. S. Gov't Printing crossed party lines to aid his protege Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, and in Democratic politics. In 1951 Stern was request "Army Information Digest , Sept. named by President Truman as an observer 1963, catalo g No. D 101.12:18/9. at the Japanese peace treaty conference. Bill Stern was a member of a pioneer LEGION EDUCATION PAMPHLET American Jewish family of the old West. AVAILABLE FOR MASS DISTRIBUTION: He said that his mother was born in a Nevada mining town. His father estab- A small Legion pamphlet for students lished a department store in Fargo, North in Junior and Senior high school, and Dakota, and Stern made Fargo his life- their parents, may be procured by Legion long home. A brother, Sam Stern, also Posts from National Headquarters for of Fargo, is a Past Grand Exalted Ruler wholesale distribution in local high of the Elks. Another brother, Ed Stern, schools, at $5 per thousand (or $2.50 per is a specialist with the Senate Merchant 500 copies )... The little pamphlet sketches Marine Committee. information, and lists hel pful source Bill Stern was a past master at inject- material needed by youngsters (and ing humor into a difficult situation. their parents) who are planning to, or During the 38 years that he sat on the should, go to college... In brief form, Legion's National Executive Committee he almost as a "throwaway, " it gives basic was famous for the spontaneous, and data on college entrance board tests and sometimes rugged wit which he timed for dates, procedures to be followed in moments when tempers might run short. applying for college, outlines the A man of enormous ability and clear and im- financial problems of college attendance aginative vision, he would adopt the and suggests ways to solve them, and pose of a cracker-barrel philosopher on lists reference materials for detailed such occasions and dissolve tense moments info on scholarships, how to study, into uproarious laughter, with earthy etc.... It is especially written to be remarks that would cut to the core of distributed broadside in the schools, the situation. for each interested student to pick up and take home as a guide to further He Tiiras active in The American Legion from its beginning. The first office he college planning. . .Posts may purchase held in it was that of state Sergeant- them by writing to Education & Scholar- at-Arms, to which he was elected at the ship Guide , The American Legion, P.O. first North Dakota convention in Oct. Box 1055, Indianap olis , Ind. 46206, and 1919. His record of 37 straight years on making payment to "The American Legion" the National Executive Committee start- for the bulk lots desired as described ing in 1926 is approached only by that above. .. .Distribution of the pamphlets in of William McKinley (N.J.) who has served the schools is part of the Legion's continuously since 1936, and that of Americanism program. Thomas W. Miller, who served from 1919 Orders have already been received to 1927 for Delaware, then for Nevada from Posts as widely separated as from 1946 to date. Guam and Berlin.

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS FEBRUARY 1964

and inequitable pension measure that VA Chief Assails IVIagazine embodies a principle that is opposed by this Administration, as it was opposed the for "Shameful" Vet Article by previous Administration. . . Offtrail of Chamber Commerce President's assault on U.S. "Unfortunately, Mr. Neilan strays from war veterans in SatEvePost riddled with errors, "slan- the trail . . . and marches ofl: into what is for him unfamiliar territory when he der," John S. Gleason, Jr., tells Editor Blair in official launches a wasteful and saddening attack upon the entire structure of veterans bene- rebuttal; "reforms" would hark back to Harding era. fits. "It is then that his article becomes long on shock-value statements and unsupported Saturday Evening Post article the Mr. Gleason was National A by Commander claims of skulduggery and scandal, but woe- of The American Legion in 1958. served President of the U.S. Chamber of Com- He fully short on facts, documentation, and in the Pacific and Philippines in WW2, rose merce was assailed in mid-December in logic. to the rank of Brigadier General as an ac- "Congressmen are 'vote hungry,' and a 7-page letter of correction to the maga- tive Army reservist after the war. A former is 'vast incredi- zine from the U.S. Administrator of Vet- vice president of the First National Bank the veterans program and erans Affairs. of Chicago, he was appointed Administrator ble.' Veterans benefits constitute a of Veterans Affairs in 1961 by the late Presi- 'blatant outrageous maneuver,' and VA head John S. Gleason, Jr., told and dent John F. Kennedy. His letter to Mr. are a 'scandal.' Veterans legislation is Post editor-in-chief Clay D. Blair, Jr., Blair: that the author of the piece, Edwin 'very loosely written,' and past Con- Neilan, Delaware banker, had apparently GLEASON'S LETTER gresses 'have already tipped the cornu- followed a "compulsive flair" for drum- copia of welfarism to provide for vet- ming up indignation. The Post had ac- "Dear Mr. Blair: erans.' Veterans benefits are the path- cepted a piece based on such a "slender "If Edwin P. Neilan in his article, way to 'bizarre and ruinous alteration and, therefore, this foundation," that it should run another 'Let's Say No To The Veterans,' in your of our economy,' giving "the facts about veterans benefits," November 30, 1963, issue had confined 'creeping, demoralizing monster of gov- Gleason suggested. his criticism to H.R. 2332, he would ernmental paternalism' must be halted. Mr. Neilan's article, published along with have rendered an unqualified public serv- "The authority for such slick-phrased, his bona fides as the head of the Chamber ice. sweeping generalities? The author and of Commerce, was entitled "Let's Say No "H.R. 2332 is an unjust, unnecessary, the authority are one and the same. The to the Veteran," and appeared in the Nov. 30 Saturday Evening Post. (See our Jan- uary "Editors Corner.") It had also drawn the fire of American Legion National Com- COMMANDER VISITS PRESIDENT mander Daniel F. Foley, Wabasha, Minn., attorney, for its sweeping generalities. Mr. Foley alerted Legion units throughout the country to the article and its possible effect on trusting public opinion, in a detailed appraisal of its untrust- worthiness circulated during the first ten days of December. Mr. Neilan based his article on a proposed bill (HR2332) for a general WWl pension which (he omitted to say) has failed to get out of committee in Con- gress for many years. He told the "aghast taxpayers" that the bill was in danger of passing because "the more inclusive and extravagant they are the better (veterans' bills) seem to prosper." The article then proceeded to castigate war veterans in general, the Congress, the entire existing federal veterans program, and the Veterans Administration, with the author unblushingly cast in the heroic role of he who dares to challenge an incredible ar- ray of villains, a sort of Don Quixote to the general public's Dulcinea Del Toboso. Because VA Administrator Gleason's remonstrance to the Post is an analysis of the Neilan article from the highest government source, we print below lengthy excerpts from his letter to Post President Lyndon B. Johnson, right, listens intently during recent chat Editor Blair. with American Legion Nat'l Cmdr Daniel F. Foley in White House. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 23 NEWS

VA BLASTS MAGAZINE (Continued) to tell the truth—so perjury becomes rou- large measure to a comparatively new law tine,' or 'Bankers are sworn to quotes are Mr. Neilan's; not attributions safeguard sponsored by Representative [Olin E.] deposits—so embezzlement becomes rou- Teague, VA is for the first time authorized to any recognized expert in the field of tine.' to provide pre-hospital and post-hospital veterans affairs. "Having declared—without offering one care in its outpatient clinics for certain non- "It may well be that Mr. Neilan has a shred of proof—that 'Perjury is routine,' service-connected patients. This puts VA compulsive flair for overstatement designed that 'cheaters are seldom prosecuted,' and partially on the same footing as a private to drum up indignation ... I suppose that the 'law is badly written,' Mr. Neilan then hospital where the patient can be examined, given laboratory tests, and diagnosed all the veterans program will . . . survive. But seems to say that because of these things make no mistake, this unsubstantiated on- '85 per cent of the VA patients have non- before entering a hospital, and can have slaught can cause damage unless the record service disabilities.' foUowup examinations in his doctor's office or at home instead of in the hospital after is set straight. Fortunately, each sweeping "But in fact, even this lone statistic is mis- his discharge. statement and unsupported allegation can be leading. Each year VA conducts an actual answered factually. census of patients in its hospitals. The latest New Efficiency "For example, the article says: 'Loose head count of the more than 100,000 VA pa- language is the rule in the legislation that tients shows that 40.2 per cent had service- "Due to this new law and improved connected disabilities. does pass. To get free treatment for a The overwhelming treatment methods, the VA during the majority of the rest were either long-term non-service-connected ailment at vet- last fiscal year treated 71,000 more pa- patients with mental illness, tuberculosis or erans' hospitals, an ex-serviceman tients than it did in 1960 with essentially must other chronic disabilities, or they had applied the same facilities, and the improved swear that he can't afford to pay. So per- for or are in receipt of a veterans pension. turnover is continuing, jury becomes routine, and because the By Mr. Neilan's own admission veterans for in the first receiving pension under the present law quarter of the current fiscal year 10,000 law is badly written, cheaters are seldom must pass a 'strict test of need.' more patients were treated than were prosecuted. Hence 85 per cent of the VA "Having disposed of 'loose' legislation, treated in the comparable period of last patients have non-service disabilities.' the article turns its fire to 'loose' adminis- (Underscoring supplied.) year. tration, and bolsters its contention with a "In claiming the alleged existence of "This paragraph is in itself a classic 14-year-old chestnut taken from the 'more empty beds than patients in example of 'loose language,' containing VA Hoover Commission task force report, hospitals' and attributing it in part to an as it does an amazing jumble of cause to the effect that tonsillectomy patients allegation that 'most of the patients are and effect and a totally gratuitous slan- stay longer at VA hospitals than tonsil- ambulatory,' the article is shamefully der of the integrity of veterans. lectomy patients in private hospitals. wrong. "The hospitalization law is clear, and "Our hospitals have a high rate of oc- no intelligent reader of the statute could The Tonsil Chestnut cupancy of about 91 per cent—anything have the slightest doubt as to its mean- "The article does not tell us if the two higher would, by accepted medical standing. Presumably, therefore any law with ards, indicate overcrowding. groups of patients compared had any- Indeed, we which the author does not happen to have at the moment, a list of more than thing but bad tonsils in common. In pri- agree is 'badly written.' 16,000 eligible veterans waiting for an vate hospitals, most tonsillectomies are available bed. "It is true, as the author says, that vet- performed on otherwise healthy and vig- are proud of the fact that of erans seeking hospital care for non-service- "We many our patients are ambulatory. This should connected adments must state under oath orous youngsters. In VA hospitals, on that (hey are unable to pay. Unfettered by the other hand, any tonsillectomy proba- merit praise rather than criticism. In the modern practice of medicine, early ambula- even an iota of intervening proof, the author bly would be performed as part of the hops from this truth to his conclusion—'So tion is encouraged for medical and surgical treatment of a middle-aged veteran hos- .' patiehts. also has than perjury becomes routine. . Using the same The VA more 50,000 pitalized for some other ailment. unique reasoning, it could be said with equal psychiatric patients in its hospitals. Would merit that, "Witnesses in court are sworn "The article fails to mention that due in the author have us strap these mental patients to their beds to keep them from walking around? A WORD WITH GEN. MacARTHUR "The author is again insulting to vet-

erans, and to our medical staffs, and is just as consistently inaccurate as ever, in his charge that VA hospitals openly harbor malingerers who come in 'to rest up, dry out, or merely find company.' Does the fact that out of 962,000 appli- cants for admission to VA hospitals in one year, one third, or 328,000, were rejected sound like a policy of encourag- ing 'malingerers?' "He smears as 'malingerers' a patient population, which on any one day in-

cludes many thousands of mentally ill veterans, and other thousands with tuberculosis, cancer, heart disease, and the gamut of general medical and surgical disorders, and in which about one out

of three is in the 'geriatric group,' age 65 or older. "Leaving the field of medicine, the ar-

ticle turns its attention to pensions and compensation, and mentions a 'damag- General of the Army Douglas MacArthur poses for a photo with Legion Nat'! ing' claims review that 'resulted in cutting Cmdr Daniel Foley (left) during a recent meeting in MacArthur's N.Y. apartment. oft of 83,695 payments.'

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 NEWS

form' create "Here are the omitted, but pertinent, would on patients, the medical whole situation. . . There is always profession the facts about this study made by VA. or public health of the coun- lacking that complete cooperation which try. "The purpose was to double-check the is incident to a powerful superimposed "In addition to being careless about con- accuracy of awards made during the flood authority.' sequences, the article is also incorrect in its tide of the greatest demobilization in Amer- implication that VA hospitalization is more "Finally, the article proposes abolish- ican history when World War II servicemen expensive than private hospital care. The were being discharged at the rate of a mil- ing the House Veterans Affairs Commit- cost per patient per day in VA hospitals not lion a month. At the time VA was receiving tee and parceling it out as sub-commit- quarter-million claims each month, only runs considerably lower than most pri- nearly a tees of Ways and Means and The Appro- and trying to recruit and train thousands vate hospitals, but also includes the services priations Committees. of new employees to handle the rush of ap- of all physicians, drugs, medicines, labora- Why? 'To thwart plications. tory and X-ray examinations, rehabilitations the pressure groups and streamline the "The review, begun in 1954 and com- and therapy, and often the cost of travel to lawmaking function,' says the article. pleted for the most part in 1962, covered and from the hospital, which are not part The charge is best answered by the great 1.694,926 cases. of the cost in private hospitals. and responsible record of veterans legis- "Of this total, adjustment was needed in "His second 'reform' is ostensibly to lative accomplishments and the record less than 10 per cent, or 165.926 cases. In get VA out of 'the multiple business of 16,803 cases, increases were granted be- of courage, responsibility, and efficiency cause the disability had worsened. In 65,428 of Chairman Teague and his committee. cases, decreases were made because the dis- SPEAKS FOR YOUTH I just cannot believe the author is serious ability had improved. "And there were 83,695 terminations of about this 'reform.' payment—55,349 because the disability had "Your millions of readers have been ex- improved to a degree where payments were posed to an article that demands that Amer- no longer indicated, and 28.346 because of ica's veterans stop being treated as a privi- error—or only 1 .7 per cent of the total cases leged group, and that veterans have no right under scrutiny. to special consideration. "To lend it substance, the article in- "This is the author's opinion, and cer- vokes the support of the Bradley Com- tainly he is entitled to it even though it is at variance with the belief of every Presi- mission and erroneously implies that it dent and every Congress in the entire his- endorsed and originated the thesis that tory of the nation, and is contrary to the will all veterans' payments should be put un- of the American people as expressed der Social Security. The Bradley Com- through the years by its servants in government. mission did not advance such a proposal. "Let's make no mistake about it—vet- The Commission stated in its findings erans are 'special' in the sense that they and recommendations to the President took up arms in times of national crisis, that, 'it is appropriate to continue assist- and risked death or disablement to en- ance to veterans who are disabled from sure the very survival of our nation in non-service connected causes through Seventeen-year-old Legion Boys' Nation order that all its citizens could live as President Richard J. Stratton of Leiand, the medium of the veterans' pension pro- III., has averaged a speech per month free men rather than as slaves of tyranny. gram, as long as the benefits are based since his election in Wash., D. C, last "And the just need for some form of entirely on need and are in line with the July. Here he is shown addressing the veterans benefits has been recognized amounts provided under the general so- 68th Annual Congress of American In- throughout history. cial security programs.' (Underscoring dustry (NAM) at the Waldorf-Astoria in "Pericles, in 430 B.C., in delivering the New York early in December. supplied.) funeral oration for the men who fell in the "As the author should know, substantial first year of the Peloponnesian War, said: improvements have been accomplished in 'The Athens that I have celebrated is only insurance, housing, education and what- the field of payments to survivors of vet- what the heroism of these and their like

not.' . . . while 'doubts if there is real . erans dying of service-connected causes, and he have made her . . their children will be in the payment of pensions. These improve- justification' for such duties, he would brought up till manhood at the public ex- .' ments relate payments to other availa- pense. . . VA like to see them absorbed by other gov- ble sources of income including Social Se- "The British Parliament in 1592 passed curity. They are the result of long study ernment or private agencies, 'if they're a law so that disabled veterans, 'should at and responsible action in the Congress. important.' their return be relieved and rewarded to Nothing developed in any study to date the end that they may reap the fruit of their would warrant a merging of VA benefits in- Back to Horse & Buggy good deservings, and others may be en- to the Social Security system. couraged to perform the like endeavors.' "This amazing 'reform' would turn the "In America, veterans benefits are older Reforms? clock of progress back more than forty than even the United States. The first benefit was enacted by the Pilgrims of Plymouth years to the Harding Administration. "As a grand finale the slickly phrased Colony in 1636. and by 1776, the concept article proposes several 'reforms' to cor- Plagued by snarls and red tape in the ad- was well established. rect 'the blatant and outrageous maneu- ministration of veterans benefits. Presi- "Through the years and always with ver called veterans benefits.' dent Harding in early 1921 appointed a the overwhelming consent of Congress, " a just 'I see no reason why disabled veter- distinguished committee to solve the America has established and ans should continue to have a separate problem for him. Its chairman was the proper pattern of veterans benefits that hospital system,' the author says, main- eminent banker and American, Charles has dealt fairly with veterans, and has taining that handling service-connected G. Dawes. Mr. Dawes' committee, view- been good for the nation. patients in private hospitals through fed- ing a scene of dispersed authority, found "in view of the slender foundation up- eral financing would result in 'huge sav- it the major cause of inefficiency and on which your article is based, isn't it ings.' recommended certain consolidations. about time that you ran an article that veterans benefits then entitled, 'Let's give all the facts "He is silent about the disposition of non- The state of might be service-connected patients who cannot af- (which Mr. Neilan would have us return about veterans benefits.' ford to pay for private hospital care. He to) was called by Mr. Dawes, 'An im- Sincerely, does not hint of the huge burden that would perfect organization of government ef- J. S. Gleason, Jr. fall upon state and local governments. He says nothing about the havoc his radical 're- fort. There is no one in control of the Administrator" THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 25 NEWS

In Farewell to President Kennedy His Legion Post Inducts Him Into the Post Everlasting

Hundreds of American Legion Posts helmet to serve as a brazier for the burn- adopted resolutions memorializing the ing of the late President's service rec- late President of the United States in No- ords, symbolic of passing the records on vember and December. We report, be- to the Post Everlasting. Post members low, the action taken by Mr. Kennedy's Edward E. Purchase, William B. Curran own American Legion Post. and Frank T. Donahue stacked the three ceremonial rifles. On their retirement, On Dec. 10, 1963, Post Everlasting Commander Gladwin announced:

Ceremonies were conducted for the late "This moment is sacred with the al- President of the United States, John most visible presence of one who has Fitzgerald Kennedy, by his American gone before. We come to honor the mem- Legion Post, Crosscup-Pishon Advertis- ory of one who offered his life in the Brig. Gen. Reginald Maurer puts helmet, ing Men's Post 281, at the Post's meeting service of his country, to act as brazier, before photo of late and who is now President. Pragoff, Gladwin look on. rooms in Boston's Hotel Somerset. The enrolled in that great spirit army, whose late President held the title of Honorary footfalls cause no sound, but in the mem- Commander in Post 281. ory of man their souls go marching on, Attending the ceremonies were Past sustained by the pride of service in time Post Commander Thomas A. Fitzgerald, of national danger. Because of them, our uncle of the late President, and Thomas lives are free; because of them, our na-

E. Abely, Department Commander of tion lives; because of them the world is the Massachusetts American Legion. blessed. The ceremonies began when Com- "May this service deepen our rever- mander Robert Gladwin, who is Legis- ence for our departed comrades." lative Counsel for Boston's Massachu- Commander Gladwin then called on setts General Hospital, announced: Post Adjutant Henry C. Pragoff, a Bos-

"It is my sad duty to report that Com- ton advertising executive, to place an rade John Fitzgerald Kennedy has been American Legion cap on the stacked ". called from our midst. He has gone to rifles . . in remembrance of Comrade report to the Commander of all." John F. Kennedy's service to our coun- Continued Gladwin: "Before proceed- try in the Navy of the United States." ing with other business of this meeting, As Pragoff stepped away, the lights we will conduct the Post Everlasting were lowered, and Post Chaplain How- Ceremony for Comrade Kennedy." ell Cullinan, who, before his retirement Instructing the Sergeant-at-Arms, Bos- was a noted news commentator on radio ton businessman Paul K. Wheeler, to al- station WEEI in Boston, offered a brief low no one to enter or leave the room, prayer: and calling on all present to remain silent "Our Heavenly Father in His infinite and standing until the conclusion of the wisdom has transferred Comrade John ceremony, Gladwin asked Brig. Gen. F. Kennedy to the jurisdiction of the Post arrange Purchase, Curran and Donahue Reginald A. Maurer to arrange an army Everlasting of The American Legion. stacked ceremonial rifles near brazier, in memory of departed Comrade and former President Kennedy, in final preparation for the Post Everlasting ceremonies.

Post Adjutant Henry C. Pragoff puts Leg- Flanked by State Cmdr Abely, left, and Taps for a President. Adjutant Pragoff, ion cap on rifles. Chaplain Howell Cul- the late President's uncle, Thomas Fitz- Commander Gladwin and Chaplain Cullin- linan, right, joins Commander Gladwin. gerald, right, Cullinan burns records. an lead silent homage during Taps.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 NEWS

provided for Gen. John J. Pershing (.72 acres); Gen. Philip H. Sheridan (.20 acres); President William H. Taft

(.06 acres) ; and Secretary of State John F. Dulles, who occupies a triple gravesite. Each of these died of natural causes. (3) The contour and general charac- teristics of the ground surrounding Presi- dent Kennedy's grave make much of the area unsuitable for burial sites.

(4) The land is not a part of the Cus- tis-Lee mansion tract, and will not be used in any way that affects access to or visibility of the mansion. (5) There never has been any proposal to deed the land to the Kennedy family. (6) Mrs. Kennedy has suggested that the size of the plot be reconsidered, and that a smaller area would be adequate. (7) The Eternal Flame was installed by the Army at the request of Mrs. Ken- nedy. There are no regulations covering this symbol of mourning. Arlington Na- tional Cemetery funds temporarily will

cover its operation, and it has not been

decided if the flame is to be a permanent arrangement. (8) As of Oct. 31, 1963, the cemetery consisted of 420 acres. There were 121,- 029 buried there. Finally, photo of President presides at empty table, amid ceremonial objects. (9) Presently there are 49,000 grave- sites available in Arlington, and in 1960 May his soul rest in Peace. Amen." President's uncle and Massachusetts the Department of Defense announced Adjutant Pragoff then entered the late Commander Abely, placed the records in that an additional 190 acres, known as President's name in the rolls of the mem- the brazier and attended them until they South Post, Fort Myer, would be devel- bers of the Post who had been transferred had been consumed by fire. oped when needed as part of Arlington to Post Everlasting. As he stood up, "Bugler," Commander Gladwin or- ". Cemetery. Gladwin instructed Pragoff to, . . hand dered, "sound Taps in memory of John me the letter containing the service and F. Kennedy and in memory of all the Legion records of Comrade John F. Ken- Comrades of the Post Everlasting of The LIFE MEMBERSHIPS life membership to a Legion- nedy, which we will transmit to the Post American Legion." The award of a naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Everlasting of The American Legion." As Taps faded away, the lights were know him best that he has served The American Gladwin read the record aloud. turned up, and, at a single rap of the Legion well. Below are listed some of the previously un- "This is the service and Legion record gavel, the membership of the Post took published life membership Post awards that of Comrade John F. Kennedy. He en- their seats in silence before the stacked have been reported to the editors. They are arranged by States or Departments. tered into the Navy at Boston, Mass., on arms, the cooling brazier, and the va- September 23, 1941. He served with Mo- cated table on which rested a portrait of Floyd White (1953) and H. L. Halsell (1957) and R. B. Stout (1958), Post 24, Blytheville, Ark. tor Torpedo Boat Squadrons Nos. 2 and the late President. Jules Lindner (1963), Post 49, Santa Barbara, 4 Calif. and was Commander of PT 109. He Glenn M. Pike and Joseph L. Stromme (both Calif. was decorated with the Navy and Marine 1962) , Post 350, Los Angeles, ARLINGTON Clark E. Cook, Jr. and John Cipolla (both Corps medals and the Purple Heart. He Calif. The Kennedy Gravesite 1963) , Post 622, Chatsworth, was separated from the Navy on April C. R. Scott and Albert E. Sherlock and David S. Shrader (all 1963), Post 105, Julesburg, Colo. 17, 1945, and was proposed for member- Many questions have been directed to Clarence Crandell and Gilbert J. Spence (both 1961) and Dr. Donald MacDonald (1963), Post ship Past the by Commander Thomas Fitz- The American Legion regarding 154, Marathon, Fla. gerald and joined Crosscup-Pishon Post gravesite of the late President Kennedy. Henry F. Bier and George W. Brown (both 1963), Post 252, Chamblee, Ga. of The American Legion on November The following information has been ob- A. L. Richards and Roy Vanhorn (both 1963), Post 141, Mt. Vernon, 111. 22, 1945. last served as tained the Department of Defense: He Commander from John W. Meierhofer and Thomas Paloumpis in Chief of the Armed Forces of the (1) The Secretary of the Army, acting (both 1962) and Rowland H. Tucker, Sr. (1963), Post 142, Minonk, 111. United States of America. He died in the with the approval of the Secretary of De- Willard R. Buchanan (1962), Post 300, West service of his country on November 22, fense, pursuant to the authority vested Chicago, 111. George A. Schmidt and Earl Sellers and 1963." in him under Chapter 7, of Title 24, U.S. Anthony F. Sharkey and Gary Sheahan (all

1962) , Post 348, Chicago, 111. gives the responsibility Then, turning to Chaplain Cullinan, Code, which him George G. Baehr (1963), Post 405, Chicago, III. John Molek and Stanley Nadolski and Joseph Commander Gladwin instructed him to, for the care, maintenance, and adminis- J. Siwek (all 1961), Post 419, Chicago, 111. ". National Cemetery, set Harry . . transmit this letter containing the tration of The O. Horn (1962) and Robert F. Bobak and Albert J. Branch (both 1963), Post 692. Oak aside the plot of 3.2 acres of Arlington service and Legion records of Comrade Park, 111. John F. Kennedy to the Adjutant of the National Cemetery in honor of the mem- Edward LaViolette (1952), Post 775, Chicago, 111. Post Everlasting." ory of the murdered President. George A. Snook (1963), Post 434, Kingsford Heights, Ind. Chaplain CuUinan, assisted by the late (2) Previous outsized burial sites were RoUa HoUingsworth and C. W. Rigg and GlI- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 27 ) —

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS (continued) ered vital to the cause of veterans pref- ing interest on the amount of capital bert Weaver (all 1962), Post 265, Greenfield, erence in federal governmnt, Iowa. as it may funds transferred in fiscal year 1962 Everett L. Colwell and Chester C. Davis and well be the opening wedge for attack from the direct loan revolving fund to Hicks S. Eggers and James E. Evans (all 1963), Post 556, Carson, Iowa. against veterans preference in other fed- the loan guaranty revolving fund. (4) Fred A. Strayer (1963), Post 559, Hudson, eral areas. Iowa. HR6777, provides for a waiver of pre- Leo Belirens and Thos. S. Blodgett and miums for certain veterans holding Nat'l Tliomas A. Boyd and Al Carlson (all 1961), Post 219, Blue Rapids, Kans. Service Life Insurance who have become Elwin L. Cooper and Frank W. Gorliam (both The American Legion and the American totally their 1961). Post 90, Togus, Maine. disabled before 65th birth- Legion Auxiliary favor the enactment of Louis J. Niebel (1963), Post 17, Edgewood, day. Md. HR8200, a bill to extend fallout protec- Bob B. Creager (1963), Post 211, Funkstown, Md. tion in federal structures and nonprofit Dr. E. Chalfen Samuel and William S. Cherin- institutions. In a letter to Hon. Henry M. Post 342, St. Charles, 111., has pledged sky and James E. Curry and Charles F. Doherty (all 1961), Post 27, Cambridge, Mass. Jackson, chairman of a special subcom- $3,000 toward the Delnor Hospital Ex- Edward L. Faber (1963), Post 335, Norfolk, mittee of the Senate pansion Program. year, Mass. Armed Forces Com- Last Post 342 Cyrus A. Clarke, Sr. (1962), Post 1, Jackson, mittee, David Aronberg, chairman of won the Department's Hall of Fame Miss. the Legion's Civil Defense Committee, Award for Community Service for its Carl A. Fox and Nathan W. Jacobs and Joe Lebedanko and John V. Mueller (all 1963), stated that 'HR8200 provides a sound presentation of a fire chief's car to the Post 10, Reno, Nev. continuity in civil Dominick Brescia and William F. Brill and our defense program- St. Charles Fire Dep't. Jacob Elkins and Ernest Freese (all 1963), Post ming, and The American Legion would 206, Westwood, N. J. Joseph Mattes (1962), Post 278, Schuylerville, view with alarm any efforts to weaken N. Y. American Legion Nat'l Convention dates or reject this vital legislation." Stephen Traska and Harold Van Der Voort for 1964 are Sept. 18-24. In preparation and Victor Yuppa (all 1962), Post 391, Brooklyn,

N. Y . for the Dallas, Texas, meeting, a formal Ernest Glenn (1962), Post 406, Boonville, N. Y. To help its fight against school contract has been signed by the Legion A. Adelbert Bell (1963), Post 576, Le Roy, drop- N. Y. outs, the national headquarters of Boys with The American Legion Nat'l Con- Ainsworth B. Spink and Donald H. Taylor (both 1963), Post 734. Attica, N. Y. Clubs of America has purchased 700 vention Corp. of Texas. Past Nat'l Cmdr George Howell and Otto H. G. Meister and copies of "Need A Lift?" the American Alvin M. Owsley, of Texas, is president Calvin N. Miller and Orrin J. Richardson (all 1960), Post 880, Eden, N. Y. Legion's handbook on scholarships and of the corporation, and Thomas J. Mc- Isidore Jablons (1962), Post 1025, New York, other financial assistance for education. Hale is secretary. The Legion's conven- N. Y. Earl Coughlin and John J. Cullen and James Along with each copy, to each local Boys tion director, William H. Miller, was ex- A. Fitzgerald and Michael J. Galligan (all 1962), will the pected to open offices in Dallas shortly Post 1404, Broad Channel, N. Y. Club go Legion pamphlet, Thomas R. Evans and Earl Kvvaak and Wil- "Guide for Parents and Students," which after the first of the year. liam Robinson (all 1962), Post 1623, Lyon Moun- tain, N. Y. contains career selection information. Clarence Decker and Henry Eichhorn and George Flick and Clarence Gardner (all 1963), The control point for supplying cere- Post 243, Gallon, Ohio. drill rifles N. C. Robertson and Charlton P. Speer, Jr. Here's what Post 154, Butler, N. J., has monial and has been changed, (both 1960) and James G. Bietsch and J. done to create a permanent scholarship says the Department of Defense. Address Howard Coble (both 1961), Post 46, Chambers- burg, Pa. fund, according to Post Adjutant Warren all requests to: Commanding General, David Jenkins and William McNeills, Sr. and S. Atten- Thomas Purcell (all 1963), Post 544, Minersville, P. Hopper: "In 1958 we invested $5,800 U. Army Weapons Command; Pa. in American Telephone & Telegraph tion: AMSWE-SMI, Rock Island, 111. All George F. Klages and Willard P. Lewis, Sr. still and Erasmo Lischio and Harold W. Madison (all stock, which gave us a return of $320 for other previous provisions apply. 1963), Post 12, North Kingstown, R. I. Note, however, that the supply of cere- Clem Jones (1961), Post 232, Harriman, Tenn. the first year. We made the first award to monial rifles is becoming limited. Posts students of our local high school in 1 959, Life Memberships are accepted for publica- needing this type rifle, particularly by tion only on an official form, which we provide. and have made awards each year since Reports received only from Commander, Ad- (through 1963) for a total of $2,100. Memorial Day, should send in their re- jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded quests at once. the life membership. The award is perpetual since we are using They may get form by sending stamped, self- only the income. The stock now has a addressed return envelope to: value of and our return this "L. M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 $15,000, COMRADES IN DISTRESS 5th Ave., New York, N. Y." 10019. year will be about $400." Readers who can help these comrades are On a corner of the return envelope write the urged to do so. number of names you wish to report. No written Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- letter necessary to get forms. can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. The U.S. Steel Corp. has contributed to They are not accepted from other sources. Legion help with claims Post 195, Lynch, Ky., a building (for- Readers wanting BRIEFLY NOTED should contact their local service officers. merly a branch store) to be used as a post Service officers unable to locate needed American Legionnaires are urged to home. The brick building, erected in witnesses for claims development should refer write their Congressmen and Senators the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- 1922, has over 2,700 square feet of floor sion through normal channels, for further immediately in an all-out effort to defeat space. search before referral to this colurrm. S622, which has passed the Senate with- 21st Field Artillery, 5th Div.—Need to contact out public hearings. Clarence H. Olson, members of this outfit who recall injury to the Normandy director of the Legion's Nat'l Legislative Four bills of interest to Legionnaires Albert M. Spizziri during WW2 campaign in France, causing loss of hearing. Div, reports that the bill has now been have been reported out of the Senate's Particularly wish to contact James Harold, of Michigan. Statement needed in sup- ordered favorably then reported to the House Labor and Welfare Committee. ( 1 port of pending claim. Write; Albert M. Spiz- ziri, 2142 N. Keller Ave., Chicago 39, 111. by the House Committee on Post office HR221 , to amend the War Orphans Edu- 327th Combat Engineers, Germany, 1945 and Civil Service, over the objection of cational Assistance Act to make eligible Statements needed from members of this out- injury Evert R. Lindvall The American Legion. certain children of totally and perma- fit who recall to when ammunition dump was detonated by a S622 would repeal veterans preference nently disabled veterans from service bangalore torpedo. Contact: Ray Asmussen, Claims Div., South Dakota Veterans Dep't, retention rights for all veterans employed connected causes. (2) S385, to extend VA Center, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Amarillo Field, Texas: Anyone recalling dys- by the Alaska Railroad, which is solely maximum maturity of certain VA guar- entery at this field, especially medical per- owned and operated by the federal gov- anteed or insured home loans to 35 years. sonnel and Mess Group members, and anyone ernment. who particularly recalls Sgt. William A. Graff, The defeat of the bill is consid- (3) S2064, to relieve the VA from pay- Jr. (either Mess Group members who served 28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F RUARY 1964 —)

NEWS

with him or medical personnel who treated Lloyd Vere Stoddard, in Langley, Wash.; 83rd Inf Div— (Aug.) Manuel C. Martin, 424 him) either at Amarillo Field or in Borden Freelove St., Fall River, Mass. General Hospital (Okla.) or Fort Logan Con- Past Dep't Cmdr (1952-53). 89th Chem Mortar Bn— (July) Richard G. Mc- valescent Center (Colo.), are asked to contact Lennand, 24 Kenwood Dr., Coraopolis, Pa. him, as statements are needed in support of 15108 claim. Officers he served with include Capt. 94th Inf Div— (July) Roger H. Keith, 170 Hill- Alfred McCourt; Maj. Paul Johnson, and berg Ave., Brockton, Mass. 02401 Tech Sgt. John F. Conaty; medical officers James J. O'Connor, of Albany, N. Y., 96th Inf Div— (July) Richard Klassen, 929 S. include Capt. Kelley, and MD's who initialed Myrtle, Kankakee, 111. reports LWR; EJE; LMZ; CAG; and OCT. aide to Past Nat'l Cmdr Edward Schei- 99th Inf Div— (July) Thomas D. Wilson, 4978 Contact: William A. Graff, Jr., 8930 May Karen Isle Dr., Richmond Hts 24, Ohio. Court, South Gate, Calif. berling (1944-45). 106th Inf Div— (July) Doug. CofEey, 41 Lowell Minesweepers; WW!—Anyone who was on a Ave., West Orange, N. J. mine sweeper in WWl that was based at 112th Inf, Anti-Tank Co— (Aug.) Wilfred J. Lorient or Brest, France, is asked to contact OUTFIT REUNIONS Eisenman, 111 Bissell Ave., Oil City, Pa. W. E. Halliday, as some of them may be able 240th Combat Eng, Co B— (June) Roger H. in indicated. to help him substantiate a claim. Key wit- Reunion will be held month For Allen, R.F.D. No. 2, Penn Yan, N. Y. particulars, write person whose address is nesses to events his claim is based on have 274th Arm'd Field Arty— (July) Clair Simpson, passed on, and his last chance to prove claim given. Box 25, Seville, Ohio. may rest on broad contact with other Lorient Notices accepted on official form only. For 305th Field Art'y (WWl & 2)— (Apr.) Edward or Brest Minesweeper men. Contact: W. E. form send stamped, addressed return envelope Nix, 319 Ave. C, New York 9, N. Y. Halliday, 3444 South 82nd St., Milwaukee, to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 328th Field Art'y (WWl)— (June) Leslie W. Wise. 720 Fifth Ave., York, N.Y. 10019. Notices New Reddaway, 306 E. Bishop Ave., Flint 5, Mich. should be received at least four months before 331st Inf, Co I— (June) Willard Cornelius, Box scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary 45, Williamsburg, Ky. to get form. NEW POSTS 343rd Eng, Co C— (Aug.) Russell O. Murten, Earliest submissions favored when volume of P.O. Box 31, Westville, Ind. The American Legion has recently char- requests is too great to print all. 351st AA, Radar, Searchlight Bn— (June) Philip G. Karg, 855 Grove St. So., Hutchinson, Minn. tered the following new posts: ARMY 360th Eng Reg, Gen Service— (June) Edward E. Ziats, Box 257, Marianna, Pa. King D. Brown Post 247, Winter 1st Div (Aug.) Arthur L. Chaitt, 5 Montgom- Gar- — 409th Inf, ery Ave., Lrdenheim, Philadelphia 18, Pa. Co D— (July) Howard Bohmer, 11003 den, Fla.; Howard County Post 286, El- 3rd Arm'd Div— (July) Paul W. Corrigan, 38 Cemetery Rd., Erie, Mich. 531st Eng Shore Reg, 1st Exchange St., Lynn, Mass. Amphib Brigade licott City, Md.; Bright-Stromberg & (July) Victor 4th Arm'd Div— (July) Risden L. Fountain, Barron, 7454 Ocoato, Chicago, Moore Post 279, Ellicott City, Md.; Roy 4414 Volta PI. N.W., Washington, D. C. 20007 111. 567 ( July) 4th Eng Special Brigade, 289th Sig Co— (July) AAA Bn— John W. Paxton, 1705 Vin- Post 139, Roy, Utah; Riverton son St., Staunton, Va. Post 140, Vincent R. Voigt, Ashklum, 111. 581st AAA, AW Bn— (July) Andrew F. Oppelt, Riverton, Utah; 5th Inf Reg't— (July) Robert T. Weston, P.O. John F. Kennedy Post 857 Ester Ave., Teaneck, J. Box 2161, South Portland, Maine 04106 N. 702nd Tank (Aug.) Fred R. Bodkin, R.D. 2, 1853, Bronx, N. Y.; and The Lower East 6th Eng (WWl)— (Aug.) Eric A. Scott, 2122 Bn— Box Pa. O'Day Rd., Fort Wayne, Ind. 685, Uniontown, Side Post 1854, York, 773rd Tank Dest (Aug.) George L. New N. Y. 8th Arm'd Div (July) Henry B. Rothenberg, Bn— Blom- — quist, 2735 W. Lehigh St., Philadelphia 32. Pa. Suite 1300, 134 N. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Also, James Newman Post 492, Fort 863rd Ord Heavy Automotive Maint (Aug.) 9th Inf Div— (July) Dan Quinn, 412 Gregory Co— Hans G. Ehlers, Gretna, Nebr. Worth, Texas; Davy Crockett Post Ave.. Weehawken, N. J. 507, 876th Airborne Eng (Aviation) Bn (May) 11th Field Art'y— (July) Robert J. Summers, — San Antonio, Elwood F. Fahrenholtz, 1201 Green Hill Ave., Texas; Wilson & Harris 84 Ampere Pkwy., East Orange, N.J. 07017 West Chester Pa. 25th Inf Div— (July) Francis C. Ruddy, Post 303, Stafford, Va,; and Bill Peary 3804 1986th Eng (Aviation) Bn, Service Sylvan Dr., Baltimore, Md. Hq & Co— (July) Edwin Wagner, Marks, Miss. Post 21, Pasco, Wash. 26th Eng, Southern Div (WWl)— (June) Sam S. Ambulance Co 332— (June) O. W. Case, 1506 Noblit, 3932 El Campo, Fort Worth, Tex. 76107 Huguelet St., Akron 5, Ohio. 26th Inf Div (WWl & 2)— (June) Angelo J. Base Hosp 26 (WWl)— (Aug.) Robert B. Gile, Mantenuto, Co YD Club, 61 Exeter St., Bos- PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Sr., 500 S. 7th St., Minneapolis 15, Minn. ton 16, Mass. Stalaa Luft 3 P.O.W.— (Apr.) David Pollak, Box William H. Sanders, a member of the 30th Inf Div— (July) Saul Solow, 42 Parkway 15237, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215 Dr., Syosset, N. Y. Legion's Aeronautics and Space Com- 66th Art'y C.A.C. (WWl)— (July) George A. NAVY Duval, Box 303, Woonsocket, R.I. 02895 mittee, appointed Superior Court judge 69th Sig Bn— (July) Bernard Mott, 516 Carlisle 1st Marine Div— (Aug.) 1st Marine Div Assn., Box 84, Alexandria, Va. 22313 for the Second Judicial District in Nome, Ave., Dayton 10, Ohio. 77th Field Art'y, 2nd Bn— (July) Jim Collins, 2nd Marine Div— (July) Hugo V. Genge, P.O. Alaska. N.W. Apts. 3A, Corsicana, Tex. Box 113, Willow Springs, 111. 60480 78th Arm'd Field Art'y Bn, Bat C— (June! 14th Seabees— (July) Harry H. Lewis, 2054 Eugene A. Kennedy, Kabeyun Rd., Converse Fielder St., Fort Worth 6, Texas. Point, Marion, Mass. 15th Seabees— (July) Hobert B. Davis, 1604 79th Inf Div, Sig Co (WW2)— (May) Lou Berke, Washington Ave., Huntington, W. Va. 19th Seabees— C. L. (Bud) Johnson, Past Dep't Cmdr Main St., Grant Town, W. Va, (Aug.) Herbert McCallen, 655 82nd Airborne Div— (July) Carl L. Davis, 159 East 14th St., New York 9, N. Y. of Washington (1956-57), appointed Gibson Ave., Mansfield, Ohio. 21st Seabees— (Aug.) A. P. Corbin, 430 Park Dr., Hillsboro, Tex. 76645 Legion Nat'l Contests and Uniformed 64th Seabees (WW2)— (July) Earl Hungerford, Groups Coordinator. Box 36, Dickinson, Tex. 77539 THE AMERICAN LEGION 7.3rd Seabees— (July) Amos David, Box 127, NAFIONAL HEADQUARTERS Caraway, Ark. 72419 NOVEMBER .30, 196.-? LCT (4) 224 (WW2) European Theater— (July ASSETS Peter A. BufEa. 508 E. Main St., Midland, Mich. 48640 Charles E. Brown, of Davidsville, Pa., Casli on hand and on depos it S2,.'i79.457.50 283.640.10 USS Elmore (APA 42)— (July) Donald C. Mes- sick, 102 appointed Assistant Department Adju- 270,237.60 Franklin St.. Snow Hill, Md. 21863 Kidd (DD661). Black 467, .521. .'57 USS USS (DD666). USS tant for the Pennsylvania American Le- Chauncey (DD667), USS BuUard (DD660)— Trust Funds : (Aug.) gion. Overseas Graves Decoration Harrold F. Monning, 310 E. 8th St., 270,28.5.99 Kewanee. III. USS Philadelphia (CL 41)— (Aug.) Frank J. Employees Retirement Amoroson, ..3,410,125.86 3.689,411.85 93 Dunbar St., Somerset, N. J. 08873 814,228.39 WAVE Personnel, Lee Field, NAAS, Green Cove 68,556.15 Springs, Fla.— (July) Mrs. Helen Kynoch Adolphe Menjou,of Beverly Hills, Calif., $7,973,0.53.16 Rood, 31 Yale St., Waterville, Conn. 06714 film star, continuous member LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE of The AND NET WORTH AIR American Legion since 612,745.41 1919, and a tire- S llth Bomb Grp (H)— (Aug.) Robert E. May, Funds Restricted as to use 28,054.39 less fighter against communism, particu- 13000 Eckel Junction Rd., Perrysburg, Ohio 2.813,194.73 43551 larly in the film industry. At the time of Trust Funds : 13th Air Depot Grp— (July) Carl A. Herbig, Overseas Graves Decorati tn 521 Western Union Bide., Atlanta, Ga. 30303 his death he was a member of 279.285.99 Hollywood 35th & 801st Aero Sqdns (WWl)— (Aug.) F. C. Employees Retirement Post 43, Los Angeles. Erhardt, 1256 E. La Salle, South Bend 17, Ind. ..3,410.125.86 3.689,411.85 439th Sig Construction Bn (Aviation) — (July) Net Worth : Bates Davis. Rt, 1, Box 62, Piano, Tex. Reserve Fund 24,185.11 DeRidder, La., AFB Unit & Stuttgart, Ark., 23,114.96 AFB Unit— (July) Josenh A. Mackle, Jr. 170 814,228.39 Alpha R. Whiton, of Kent, N. Y., a Laurel Ave., Kearny. N. J. 07032 Reserve for Rehabilitatior1.. 549.173.92 Rich Field Aviation School, Waco, Texas (WWl) founder of The American Legion and Reserve for Child Welfare.. 88,2,'59.20 — (Aug.) William E. Beiael. 312 Northcrest Dr. Reserve for Convention ... 60,000.00 Kansas City 16, Mo. 64116 circulation manager of The American 1,558,961.58

.. 729,314.80 829,646.78 Legion Magazine when it was published MISCELLANEOUS 57,973,053.16 weekly in the Nineteen Twenties. CBI— (Aug.) Joseph P. Pohorsky, Sr., 3353 So. Adams Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53207 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 29 Pensions for Self-Employed. MEN PAST40 PERSONAL Long-Term Stock Earnings. Afflicted With Getting Up Nights, Cold Water Laundering. Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, Nervousness, Tiredness. In plotting your financial course for 1964 and beyond, remember that If you are a victim of the above symp- you now can set up your own pension plan if you're self-employed. Un- toms, the trouble may be due to Glandu- doubtedly you'll be getting literature from insurance companies, banks, or lar Inflammation. Glandular Inflamma- mutual funds suggesting that you do this. tion very commonly occurs in men of middle age or past and is often accom- Basically, the way the government lets you accumulate a pension fund panied by despondency, emotional upset of your own is through a tax break—that is, half of what you set aside and other mental and nervous reactions for future needs won't be counted into your taxable income (you can lop

. . . often signs that the glands are not ofT as much as $1,250). However, you have to invest your funds in a pre- functioning properly. Neglect of such conditions or a false scribed way; they'll be tied up for a long time; and if you have any em- conception of adequate treatments may ployees, you may have to cover some of them, too. cause men to grow old before their time Although it took Congress a decade to pass this legislation (which became . . . loss of vigor and possibly lead to effective in 1963), there's still some private debate over the scope of its incurable conditions. value. Investigate every angle before you make a decision—especially if N0NSUR6WAL TREATMfm you have any employees.

Most men, if treatment is taken in Common stocks: Despite their ups and downs, stocks have done very well time, can be successfully NON-SURGI- for long-term investors, a study by the Center for Research in Security CALLY treated for Glandular Inflam- Prices (University of Chicago) mation. If the condition is aggravated shows. The rate of return for all stocks (after by lack of treatment, painful and ex- taxes) compounded annually ranged from 6.84% to 8.2% on the original pensive surgery may be the only chance. investment between 1926-60. Between 1955-60 it was 9.6% to 11%. That Through intensive research, a new re- tops the return of savings, bonds or mortgages, say the researchers. The sultful Non-Surgical treatment method for Glandular Inflammation has been compounding process is the one of leaving dividends with the broker with perfected by the Excelsior Medical which to purchase more stocks. Clinic. The mild Non-Surgical Method has proven so successful it is backed by More and more, these newcomers will be creeping into your domestic a Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. environment: Men from over 1,000 communities in all parts of the country, have been suc- 1. "Tear-oflf" container tops. Pull-tabs on beer cans have been in use for cessfully Non-Surgically treated. They some time, but now there's an improvement: The tab rounds its edges as found soothing and comforting relief it's pulled off, thus making it safer. Meantime, a "Rip Cap" for bottles has and better Health. made its appearance, and tab-opening devices are being plotted for coffee, powdered milk, lard, and other food products. RECTAL-COLON REDUCIBLE 2. Cold-water detergents. These are designed to eliminate of DISORDERS HERNIA use hot water Are often associated with is also amenable to a mild in automatic washers (they're said to be effective in temperatures as low Glandular Inflammation. Non-Surgical treatment. as 40 degrees). What prompted manufacturers to get into this area is that Either or both of these disorders may be treated washers and wash loads are getting bigger—hence put a bigger strain on at the same time you are receiving Glandular Inflammation treatments. home hot-water supplies. Lever Bros. (Cold water All) and Colgate-Palm- olive (Cold Power) ai-e the first contestants, with more expected to follow. Price of the products: about 80^' qt.

Now that the federal government—with the fervent approval of the late President Kennedy—has earmarked better than $1/2 billion for special help to the mentally retarded, their plight will be in the limelight more than

Our New FREE Book is fully ever. It's the kids, of course, who tear at heartstrings. illustrated and deals with The incidence of mental retardation in the United States is about (so diseases peculiar to men and 3% women. Gives excellent fac- that we have close to 6 million retarded, of whom 21/2 million are under 20 tual knowledge and could years old). Bear this in mind about the affliction: prove of utmost importance to your future life. Tells • It is not a disease or sickness in the usual sense of those concepts. It's How and Why new modern Non-Surgical Treatment a handicap, largely physical. A child's brain just doesn't develop as well as methods are proving so suc- the brains of his fellow men, so that he lags behind the parade. (One rough cessful. It is to your best nterest to write for a FREE copy today. measure of retardation: An I.Q. falling below 80.) • The causes of retardation number around 100, and many probably still EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS [ are unknown. Broadly though, they are associated with genetic irregularities; MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY mishaps during pregnancy, birth, and shortly after birth; and environmental Dept. BIISO I factors. Excelsior Springs, Mo. • tackling therefore, stress adequate care at Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your In the problem, the experts | New FREE Book. I am interested in full in- j birth; special instruction and vocational training for those already afflicted; formation (Please Check Box) | Hernia Rectal-Colon Glandular and proper environment. Inflammation | • The National Assn. for Retarded Children emphasizes that retardation I NAME I by no means is a hopeless situation. Many handicapped can be trained to ADDRESS- become socially and economically independent; others will need only mini- TOWN mum supervision during their lifetime. A real problem is to induce parents to face up to facts early enough and seek professional guidance. STATE By Edgar A. Grunwald

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 The man who makes it easier than ever

to start a business of your own

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In this 24 page book, Grant Mauk shows you the way to start an independent business of your own in spare time without giving up your job and without losing a single pay check. When you see how you can pocket $250 net profit in a week for 40 hours of personal service work— (more if you hire others to do the work), you can then go full time. He shows you how he finances nearly three- fourths of the total cost and then lets you pay the balance in small monthly- payments. Send your name for his free book. It will show you the way to independence in your own fast growing service business. No salesman will call. Read this book, then make your own decision.

In the past, many men started men do it and collect the money on the spot. businesses of their own— and What are these services? The first and most failed. Some entered businesses important is the cleaning of carpets, rugs, and that were already on the decline. upholstered furniture by a revolutionary OPPORTUNITIES TO FIT They were as foredoomed to modern process known as the "Absorption sales- failure as a buggy-whip Method." The work is done right in the cus- YOUR OWN AMBITIONS man. Some had no talent for tomer's home. No scrubbing with harsh the businesses they entered. The Duraclean Franchise is so motor-driven rotary brushes. No soaking with flexible that it can be fltteU to Others experience in had no gallons of water. An Aerated Foam loosens your own ambitions. As a one Grant Mauk business management. the greasy, atmospheric dirt and holds it in man business and based on the Today, all that has been changed by repu- suspension until it is removed. A test con- rates in our National Price Guide table Franchising firms. Our Franchise busi- ducted by an impartial laboratory showed you can make a net prolit of S6.U0 an hour— 5>250 for 40 ness is one that has been tried, and tested, that the new absorption method in the home hours of servicing'. and proved by the parent company. It is one removed more than twice as much dirt as that has been shown to have an enormous was removed by the old fashioned machine Ward Whitbeck wrote "/ have and a growing market. It is a business that scrubbing. made as much as $225 in one day." L. Lawson says: "In Sep- has been brought to a high level of success Five other services add to your income. tember, working alone. Jobs totaled by many other men. The kinks have been With portable power equipment you spray eliminated. plans that lead $1,475." L. Cauaday wrote: The methods and furniture and carpets with a product that re- to success charted. "SI, 571 in a single month." have been clearly When tards soiling. You remove stubborn spots like an ambitious man is given the equipment and magic. You spray another liquid to make fab- If you wish, you can operate training he the plans laid busi- needs, and follows rics flame resistant. You mend small dam- as the head of a multi-crew doing tlie work. out for him by the parent company, success ages such as cigarette burns and moth holes, ness with others is the logical result. often saving the owner the price of new fur- This increases tlio profit oppor- There are many kinds of Franchise busi- nishings. And finally, you deep spray fabrics tunity as the owner of a business nesses. Many require investments as high as with a moth killing liquid on which you can can make as much as S6.00 an hour gross profit on every hour $50,000. The profits they pay depend on how give a company guarantee for six full years. each employee works. lOven after well the owner follows instructions. business, have the op- As owner of a you paying him a good hourly wage, portunity to make more money than you have Franchise that does the owner can clear S336 a We a business could hope to make working for someone not require a large investment. In our busi- week for himself with only two else. Also, should you wish to sell, you are on his staff. ness men you can get started for a few hundred building a business with a cash value. When dollars. We finance the rest of the investment Ed Kramsky wrote, "In my an arm injury made it necessary for Al Svitak for you and let you pay it in monthly pay- second year I now have two assist- to sell after operating his dealership only so small that the profits less ants, a nice home, and real security ments on than 17 months, he sold to a prospect supplied by one day's service covers payment. The for my family." And, K. Davis your Duraclean at a price well above his original overall investment is small yet the poten- reported "Gross income increased — investment. G. F. Monroe sold his Texas $17,660 this year." tial is week net profit. That's for a $250 a Dealership after 12 months for ten times his one man operation. If you have two or three cost. Leo Lubel, after 30 months, sold for So, no matter at what level or more men working for you, the potential set your sights, here is $7,116 over cost. When our Franchise owners you have increases accordingly. a Franchise that is worth careful want to sell, we help them find buyers. investigation. Send your name A small dealer just starting and doing his It's all explained in this free book. Pictures now for the Free Book that tells 20 own service should gross $180 profit from and descriptions show you how the work is all angles of the business. hours service in a week. If he uses 30% for done; how to start without giving up your advertising, etc., he nets a clear $125. If he present job; how to build to full time opera- services 40 hours, net profit is $250. tion through plans worked out for you. With only two men working for him a 35 hour week brings the owner $420 gross profit. otJer^tired o?jumpinTfSm^ one SCiKt MWe fOt FR££ BOOH Allowing 20% for advertising, etc., (since he proposition to another; if you have p- has sell) clears time to he $336. good health, energy, and ambition; I " Grant^ Mauk, President if you have a real yearning for inde- What is this business? It's one of the fast- 4-192 Deerfield, Illinois pendence in a business you own, Duraclean Building, est growing businesses in America today. It send for this book. If you have includes six different services that you per- Dear Mr. Mauk: Please mail a copy of your Free thought that starting your own telling how I can get a Duraclean Fran- form for the housewife right in her home. No Book business would be difficult or ex- chise started in spare time without giving up office or shop is needed. No investment in pensive, or risky, this book will present income, and how I can build a real estate. No problems of finding a good my open your eyes. With our plan it is highly profitable one man business or a multi- location. In fact, if you have a telephone at easier than ever for you to become charge. obligation. And, home and a car with space in the trunk you crew operation. No No — master of your own destiny in a have everything you need except the things no salesman is to call on me. After reading your business you own. we furnish. Your business comes to you on book 1 will let you know my decision. the telephone and in personal calls following There is no obligation, no charge. up leads generated by National Advertising No salesmen to high pressure you. Name- -Age- and by your own local Direct Mail Plan Send for this book now. Read it. which we furnish. You quote your prices to Then decide if you want to take the Address- the housewife, do the job, or have one of your next step toward independence. GRANT MAUK, President; 4-192 DuracI ean Building, Deerfield, Illinois City. -State- GEORGE WASHINGTON, HUMAN BEING (Continued from page 14) mouth, or Mr. Jefferson, who once in entailed estates and strict primogeniture, brothers. Mary Ball Washington, Cabinet made the mistaice of accusing young George's prospects were hardly George's mother, retained Ferry Farm, President Washington of wanting to be bright. Under the system the eldest son a rather small plantation, and here King. was the chief heir. George lived in rural isolation as a boy. Those who think of Washington as an It is quite difficult for modern Ameri- Whatever influence Augustine Wash-

"aristocrat" and "not warm in his affec- cans to understand the age or the Virginia ington had on his young son is not clear, tions" Jefferson's — words—know Httie society into which George Washington but the influence of George's mother is of his birth, and have never read his one was born. It was aristocratic, not demo- obvious enough. Mary Washington was letter to Sally Fairfax which survived. cratic—a class society; yet it was a so- strict, uncompromising, somewhat spar- ciety in flux, in the making, in which men tan in her ideas. Above all, she was THE PROBLEM is that while Washington might rise or fall according to their in- inordinately preoccupied with her own was never the"unknown man" that so fluence and abilities. The frontier was needs and possessive of her children. It many of his biographers said he was, fluid, with enormous tracts of land open- is not too much to say that this posses- these same biographers hesitated to make ing to the west. The energies and opti- siveness—an utter unwillingness to cut his very humanity known. His letters, misms of white Virginians were pointing the apron strings—destroyed all her sons journals, and diaries—the few that in that direction. Along the Tidewater, save one. Charles Washington died of Washington, a normally reticent man, however, the long-settled regions had drink, Samuel of women, and Jack was did not burn or destroy—were sup- formed into a planter—white-bond- never able to break free, or become a pressed, edited, and rewritten well into servant—black-slave pattern, with very man. One son alone, George, rebelled the 20th century. His life and actions little in between. Like their neighbors, at about the age of 1 2, and apparently have been clouded with a mass of half the Washington family imported white spent most of his adolescence rebelling truths and forgeries. In the end, a mag- bond servants and Negro slaves. It was in his own defense. nificent human creature, an enormous the custom. Tobacco was the crop and man among men, became a marble para- land was the only road to wealth or posi- FROM HIS earliest childhood George tion. gon of virtue. Washington, the country The colony was rural and sparsely Washington wanted first of all to be a boy who could not spell, was converted settled. Williamsburg was a village. Nor- soldier of the King. There was nothing into Washington, the cold fish who wrote folk, the chief cityl held barely 5,000 that Mary Ball Washington opposed more somewhat like Dr. Samuel Johnson. And persons. bitterly. She was determined to keep him the marble image was so well made, so George Washington grew up land down on the farm, and to make a planter inscribed in bronze and history books hungry. In that, he resembled every am- of him. Young George, unlike his older and even official pronouncements, that bitious Virginian of his day. But had his half brothers, received no English public it is practically impossible to dispel. father lived, George, as a younger son, school education. There was no influence Not one responsible American his- would almost certainly have gone to sea operating for him at Williamsburg or torian believes in Washington's famous or into the British Army, for there was Whitehall as there had been for his half "prayer" at Valley Forge. It was not in little opportunity or inheritance to offer brother Lawrence, who obtained the character nor could it have happened him at home. King's commission. as described. attempt But any to peel As it was, Augustine Washington died There is no question that young away the forgeries and the marble and when George was 1 1 , and his growing George fought his mother's restraining bronze and reveal the heart of a great estate was left entailed to the elder half influences. Although he left home for man now seems idol smashing. George Washington was born in 1732 into a respectable middle-class English colonial family. The Washingtons were Anglican in religion and Royalist in politics. They had emigrated to Virginia during Cromwell's time; the Puritan persecutions had populated Royalist Vir- ginia with Anglicans in much the same way that the earlier Anglican reaction against the Puritans had settled New England with dissenters. There had been knights and clergymen among the Wash- ington relations in England, and Wash- ington's father, Augustine, had been taken to England as a child and educated at a good public school. He returned only as a grown man and became a successful businessman in iron and tobacco. The Washingtons were not magnates, nor were they Carters, Byrds, or Fair- faxes, but they were a family on the rise. Augustine Washington married a Butler, and his early sons were educated in Eng- land and had excellent prospects. When his first wife died, the eider Washington remarried. George Washington was born of this marriage. In colonial Virginia of

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 .

good at the age of 14, the relationship gesses, and, at 26, George Washington's on the neighboring estate, Belvoir, he remained strained so long as his mother elder half brother was far on his way to met the great catalyst of his life, the lived. She did not visit his home for 30 becoming a man of consequence in the Fairfax clan. It was the Fairfax connec- years after his marriage. He was sworn colony. tion which meant opportunity, and which in as first President of the United States Lawrence Washington, perhaps out of almost resulted in disaster. without a word from her. And although love and sympathy, or more likely be- In his midteens, after the broadening he provided for her handsomely, she cause he saw something in the young experience of Mount Vernon, George embarrassed and annoyed him all his life lad's character that moved him, invited had become tall and competent, already with complaints of neglect, often made George to Mount Vernon and assumed mature in many outward ways; there was public. responsibility for his education. Every a saying that all the Washingtons were account of Lawrence shows him brave, born old. He already displayed the keen BUT AT AN early age Washington clear- honest, affectionate, and possessed of the sense of prudence that was to mark him ly revealed that he could not be any- keenest sense of honor. Such was the all his life—yet he was utterly lacking one's man, not even his mother's, a fact man who brought a half wild, rebellious, in physical fear; he would mount any of incalculable importance for history untutored country boy to Mount Vernon horse, or the "Devil himself." To the and the future Republic. and opened the great world to him. Fairfaxes and the fashionable world he It was Lawrence, 14 years George's Here young Washington was allowed was still somewhat the country bumpkin, elder, who gave the young Washington to study the "arts of war" and fencing but a formidable one who had a real his escape from his mother's clutches, under a Dutch master, and here he genius for impressing important men. and who became the one dominant in- learned the dance steps no Virginia gen- His young personality led older men to fluence in his life. Lawrence had been his tleman could be without. More impor- befriend him, yet he fawned on no man. father's favorite; he had attended public tant, from Capt. Lawrence Washington, At 16 he displayed a quality which can school in England; a King's commission who had returned from the disastrous only be called superiority—although it had been obtained for him, and he had Cartagena expedition of 1741 with the was innate and unconscious, as even his served under Adm. Edward Vernon in seeds of death already in him and had critics admitted. the West Indies. Lawrence, whose little time left to live, George learned mother was a Butler, married into the of honor, and of responsibility, and the HE COULD NOT spcll the English lan- powerful Fairfax family, and he in- way a man of both should acquit him- guage, which his unexpurgated let- herited an imposing estate in northern self in the world. ters clearly show. He developed a taste Virginia which he called Mount Vernon. At Mount Vernon the doors of Vir- for good wine at an early age, but liquor He sat in the governing body of Bur- ginia society were opened to George, and never had any hold on him. He hated

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The Booming Accident Investigation Field. I will be FREE EMPLOYMENT HELP GIVEN I ' under no obligation — and no talesman will coll upon me We CAN and WILL show you how to rapidly build your own full-time or part-time business. Or if you wish a big-pay Name . job as Company Claims Investigator, our Placement Service Address.. will give you real assistance. Hundreds of firms needing in this men call upon Universal. We place far more men City Zone booming field than any other individual, company or school. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 33 1 tJust Out! AUTO NEEDS CATALOG GEORGE WASHINGTON, HUMAN BEING For nine years, hopelessly in love with FREE Save 50% (Continued from page 33) the wife of a good friend of high position, EVERYTHING for YOUR cor or truck- in a society where neither divorce nor hnrd-to-finrl exact replacement parts, tobacco and didn't use it, accesBoric9-at SAVINGS UP TO 50%. thougii it was dalliance was permitted, Shop by mail from gittnt all-new Whitney Washington CataloK-world'a biEKest line of auto to be the base of his later fortune. He parts and accessories. Over 100.000 values suffered torture. It is certain, however, fur ALL years, nmkes-from Moder'A" to was already quite the ladies' 'til. Satisfaction Kunranteed. Rusli coupon. man, and that in spite of this emotional maelstrom, J. C. WHITNEY & COMPANY Archer, Chicago 16, III. could ride all day and all 1917(8-K2) dance night, Sally Fairfax and he lived completely J. C. WHITNEY & CO. and frequently did both. free of a physical relationship 1917 (S-K2) Archer Ave.. Chicago 16, III. —Wash- I I 25c for postage A notebook which survived lists ex- ington held back by his well-developed plicitly his longings for and unhappiness sense of honor and his realistic prudence, at not ADDRESS being able to possess a certain Sally by a certain coolness and complete - I young lady or for that matter, any CITY ZONE. r-J — understanding of what she stood to lose. young lady, for Washington was nat- SIROII- These were the nine years in which he GUARArUTEES urally amorous and much taken by the remained single—long past the Virginia fair sex. Because he had never known PSORIASIS age of marrying—in which he went into tenderness from women, he was alter- the Ohio Company with his brother, RELIEF nately passionate and "amorously im- fought a battle in the west with the OR YOUR MOMEY BACK pudent" in his constant, rather awkward French at the age of 22, and unwittingly Siroil works . . . we guarantee it or money pursuit. It is this phase of his life back. Siroil stops the itching, removes that precipitated the French and Indian War. embarrassing scales and crusts, and it's later biographers hastened to suppress, easy to use. Millions of bottles of Siroil have Through failure and over it, these were been sold. Get Siroil today at all drug stores. and, in suppressing, destroyed the pic- the years Washington's career went for-

' ' ' ture of the man. J 1 JLL .j"LL-* * 1 g^^!^ ward. He was with doomed Edward '~Siroil Laboratories Inc. Dept. Al-31, Santa Monica, Calif. "I Lawrence Washington helped George Braddock, commander in chief of the Please send your new Free booklet on PSORIASIS. ' I me get a majority in the colonial militia, British forces in America, when Brad- I NAME .— Please Print and at 16 the Fairfaxes employed him as | dock unsuccessfully led an expedition I ADDRESS an assistant surveyor for their 5-million- against Fort Duquesne; and during this ' CITY -STATE acre land grant in the Ohio country. period he received a militia colonelcy George had natural talent for FLORIDA two pro- and command of all the colony's forces. HOMESITES fessions: soldiering and engineering, and By his middle twenties, although never ^335 NO MONEY DOWN working for the Fairfaxes he found an having won a battle against the French Lovely acre homesites in Florida's V4 opportunity to employ both. lake & citrus section only $395, and Indians, he was the acknowledged no money down, $10 a month! first soldier of Virginia, and his reputa- Not isolated but close-in, flanked WORK was arduous and danger- tion had reached London. But his two by fine homes. 5 miles to THE downtown Ocala! Fish, hunt, ous, the pay high, for the Fairfax land great desires—the King's commission bask in healthful climate. Free was occupied and Sally Fairfax were denied him. • by Indians and frontiers- — 3 Color Brochure, Write Dept. ' Ocala Park Estates, Box 1446 men, both of whom disputed the royal These were the years when, acknowl- d63022(kioob) Ocala, Florida Fairfax title. It was during these years edged a popular hero, commanding a LOOSE FALSE TEETH that Washington acquired his priceless Virginia regiment, honored by the Gov- RELINED AND TIGHTENED AT HOME $1.00 knowledge of the Virginia-Pennsylvania ernor and Burgesses, Washington in his NEWLY IMPROVED DENDEX RELINER, a frontier, and of what would later be comments and letters considered himself plastic, builds up (refits) loose dentures. Makes them fit as they should. Easily ap- known as Indian-style fighting. a bitter failure. Lawrence died, and plied. No heating required. Brush on and While he was becoming a militia all it wear plates while it sets. It adheres to man, Mount Vernon and stood for came plates only and makes a comfortable, officer, and surveyor on the far frontier, to him—but the gain could never replace smooth and durable surface. Can be washed and scrubbed. Each application lasts for months. Not a George was still very much a boy emo- the deep and bitter loss of his older half powder or wax. Contains no rubber or gum. Neutral pink. tionally. brother, the frustration MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE. Provided by 25 years of Con- He dreamed not of Indian or of his heart's sumer use. Send $1 plus 30c handling charge. DENDEX, fighting, but of holding the King's com- desire. CO., 2024 W. 6th St., Los Angeles 57, Calif., Dept. 51-P mission, and of "Honor and the Heroick In these nine years—painfully, not Spirit," as he wrote. He admitted much simply, and slowly, not easily, Washing- later that he would have been supremely ton became a man. He had begun content to live out his life as a King's them a strongheaded, highly romantic, r"KING OF THE EARLIES" officer, but no Royal commission was somewhat patriotically gullible youth, Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease ever forthcoming. By the 1750's these but from the world-shocking events at resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for table or canning. Send 125 SEED were going to Englishmen and men of Fort Necessity, the hellish retreat with 5c for mailing 125 seed CO CP and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog, r l» 1 influence at Whitehall, not backwoods Braddock's survivors, and years of bat- CONDON BROS. SEEDSMEN . . . Now Combined With colonials, however able. tling indifference, politics, and inter- R. H. Rockford, ILL SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN, Dept. 309, And while the Fairfax business con- colony jealousies, coupled with royal ED EXTRA CASH?... nection was making him independent, neglect as head of the militia, he grew another Fairfax entanglement almost into a hardheaded, realistic, practical /'// send you EVERYTHING^ ruined him. He fell hopelessly in love man of afi'airs. He was never insensible need to earn extra money with George William Fairfax's wife, to honor—the image of Lawrence was uickly, easily, pleasantly, as Sally. too bright but he grew aware of and a part-time MASONMAN— — Sally Cary Fairfax was tall, cool, beau- was able to live with the world's cruelties FREE tiful, aristocratic and intellectual. She and foibles. Make $50.00. ..$100.00. ..up to $250.00 was also something of a flirt who under- George Washington was a true child EXTRA CASH Monthly Showing Folks Vou Know HowThey Can SAVE MONEY on stood Washington's feelings perfectly, of the realistic 1 8th century, when cher- EXTRA-COMFORTABLE Mason Shoes You'll make it easy for folks to shop for who never surrendered, and yet who ished ideal, however bright, was usually shoes by offering shoes for dress, work, and sport— for men and women— in a range of never drove him away. And she was the tempered with practicality. The Ameri- styles, sizes and widths no shoe store can match — all at money Kivina prices. Juat write ordere, collect CASH PROFITS of up t.. S.^i.OO only woman for whom Washington felt can Constitution, with its checks and a pair IN ADVANCE. We do the rest. Get BONUSES. FREE SHOES, at no r„i,t It, you! YOlS GIFTS and FRIZES ... and INSURANCE its its NEED NO EXPERIENCE! KvTVlhinayoa need to start makintr money a deep, romantic, and passionate attach- balances, freedoms and compro- from the very first hour la yoara FREE! Write: its continual realization of the MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. F-130, Chippewa Falls, Wis. ment, which he never quite outgrew. mises, 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 — —

world both as it should be and as it is, is forgive: of being utterly honest with But if he had eschewed a certain ro-

a living example of the best 1 8th century himself, and of being able to conquer mance, he had gained a stubborn deter- thought—and George Washington be- himself and live with the result. When mination to stand by his rights, and from came a true example of the best in 1 8th a headstrong man of action and passion 1760 onward this trait is increasingly century American life. Washington, at subdues his wilder nature and keeps it noticeable in Washington's career. No 26, had become what an intelligent man subdued, the world is likely to see the man or thing would ever again take of high character in his background had passage of greatness across its stage. advantage of him. He had surrendered to become, provided he had the strength: In his marriage, and his turning to to an unbeatable situation, but he had a painfully honest, painfully realistic planting, Washington showed the im- not surrendered to life. young man, who would no longer allow mense, acquired ability to adjust himself himself to be subject to the vagaries of and his life to reality, with honor. This WASHINGTON, Unlike Jefferson, was fickle romance or pursue the illusion of ability served him and the Republic well never a philosopher. He had none the "Heroick Spirit." He would take his during his years in command and as of Franklin's genius, nor Jefferson's taste own life into his own hands, and hence- President. Never afterward did he pur- for social reform, nor Hamilton's am- forward direct it himself. sue the unattainable that most men fol- bition and flair for politics. To men of As Gilbert Stuart described him, low to the end of their days—but he was Lord Fairfax's stamp he seemed almost Washington was subject to the strongest never able, in war or in peace, to lose illiterate. And he accepted—there is no and most ungovernable passions. The completely a subtle longing for lost denying it—the English world into which key to his life was that he learned to causes or for what might have been. he had been born, along with its reHgion, control them. His great loves and ambitions behind mores, and social order. He never really him, as he thought, Washington became questioned Negro slavery until he met HERE WAS a man who had known a farmer. He stood for Burgesses, and Lafayette. He was aware, at 27, of what deep humiliation, biting failure for 16 years, through what were de- he was due as a freeborn Englishman, the record of the war years is plain—and scribed as "cheerful, rum barrel elec- and this he was determined to stand by. whose greatest battle was with his own tions"—he was neither a bluenose nor a That he did not become a Tory in romantic nature. He could not have the pinchpenny—sat in the Virginia House. 1775, when friends such as the Fairfaxes, woman he loved, and a distant govern- He had "put down passion and paid the his position, history, and acceptance of ment continued to deny him any royal price" as Bellamy wrote; he had subli- the world argued for such a course, can authority. mated romance into land, and heroic only be explained by his nature—hon- Washington's common sense told him adventure into agriculture. By 1765 he orable, realistic, stubborn—and the in- to quit trying to be a soldier and, at 26, had acquired 10,000 acres and hundreds sanity of British colonial policy. he resigned his command and his colonial of servants. Accept the world or not, from his days commission. His same sense told him he was wasting his life and love on Sally Fairfax and, before resigning from the Army, he proposed marriage to the wealthiest widow in Virginia, Martha Custis. He WILL YOU SMOKE MY would now become what all common sense told him to become: a successful Virginia planter and gentleman. NEW KIND OF PIPE It was after his engagement to Martha Custis, while still in service, that he wrote 30 Days at My Risk? the one letter to Sally Fairfax which survived, probably because she could By E. A. CAREY ^ never bring herself to destroy it. In this All I want is your name so I can write angry, passionate, anguished letter ap- and tell you why I'm willing to send pears a Washington the history books you my pipe for 30 days smoking with- if ^ never knew. He confessed his love—but out a cent of risk on your part. stated "the world has no business to My new pipe is not a new model, not a new The claims I could make for this new principle in know the object" of it. A woman could style, not a new gadget, not an improve- tobacco enjoyment are so spectacular tliat no pipe smoker would believe them. So, since "seeing is make him suffer, but she could not keep ment on old style pipes. It is the first believing", I also say "Smoking is convincing" and pipe in the world to use an ENTIRELY him in bondage. I want to send you one Carey pipe to smoke 30 days NEW PRINCIPLE for giving unadulter- at my risk. At the end of that time, if you're willing Forty years later, at the age of — 66, ated pleasure to pipe smokers. to give up your Carey Pipe, simply break it to bits and return it to me — the trial has cost you nothing. after he had been a general and Presi- I've been a pipe smoker for 30 years Please send me your name today. The coupon or a dent, he would write Sally Fairfax in always looking for the ideal pipe— buying postal card will do. I'll send you absolutely free my England that nothing had "been able to all the disappointing gadgets — never complete trial offer so you can decide for yourself finding a single, solitary pipe that would whether or not my pipe -smoking friends are right eradicate from my mind the recollection smoke hour after hour, day after day, when they say the Carey Pipe is the greatest smok- of those happy moments, the happiest of without bitterness, bite, or sludge. ing invention ever patented. Send your name today. As one pipe smoker to another, I'll guarantee you life, I in my which enjoyed your With considerable doubt, I decided to work out the surprise of your life, FREE. Write E. A. Carey, for myself. After months of experiment- company." something 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept. 240-B, Chicago 40, Illinois ing and scores of disappointments, suddenly, almost He married Martha Custis, a widow accident, I discovered how to harness four great > by { E. A. CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., natural laws to give me everything I wanted in a pipe. I DEPT. 246-B, CHICAGO ILLINOIS with two children, who was deUghted 40, I It didn't require any "breaking in". From the first facts I f I Please send about the Carey Pipe. Then will to get him. It was never a marriage puff it smoked cool— it smoked mild. It smoked right decide if I want to try it for 30 Days at VOUR RISK. I [ I Everything is down to the last bit of tobacco without bite. It never you Eend free. No salesman is to call. I rooted in passion, but it turned into one has to be "rested". AND it never has to be I I of deep affection on both sides, and cleaned! Yet it is utterly impossible for goo or sludge to reach your tongue, because my invention Name George Washington never dishonored it. j dissipates the goo as it forms! j

Washington was never guilty of being all Address You might expect this to require a complicated I | mechanical gadget, but when you see it, the most sur- cold, but of something else, which lesser I I prising thing will be that I've done all this in a pipe City Zone State men often find even more difficult to that looks like any of the finest conventional pipes. I j THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 35 GEORGE WASHINGTON, HUMAN BEING his most effective action and outstanding men who served under him spoke, in (Continued from page 35) victories came only when he was given tears, of their "gratitude and affection." a free hand. It seems certain that Wash- His refusal of ambition, of the per- on his mother's farm there had been a ington possessed all of the qualities of a sonal fancies his reason told him could rebel streak in Washington; he could benevolent dictator—his handling of his not be, gave him an utter devotion to the adjust himself to reality, but no man troops bears this out—but one: he was cause which won the hearts and loyalty could push him. no egoist. Washington at heart was in- of all ordinary men. It is noticeable that Parliament, not the King, voted the nately humble, a man who would fight the only men who disliked Washington taxes which indirectly threatened his to the death for his rights, but not for his were uniformly of the ambitious, self- beloved Mount Vernon, and to Wash- personal advantage. And he was a man seeking stripe: Charles Lee, Aaron Burr, ington and most colonials this was not whose sober judgment told him that the Horatio Gates, and Alexander Hamilton. only immoral but illegal. Mount Vernon, cause of American freedom could toler- He was neither Caesar nor Alexander, undoubtedly, had absorbed the affection ate no dictator nor king, not even one who conquered the world but could not once thrown away on Sally Fairfax and named Washington, and only disaster conquer themselves. the uniform, and by extension Mount could befall the Republic from such a Vernon was North America. course. THIS WAS the realist who took the Many of his contemporaries, who Presidency from a sense of duty at 54; LORD North and George III made a were disappointed in his self-denial or he had fought to be an American citizen monstrous error, never repeated feared his power, never understood. and valued the privilege. Because he was again by Crown or Parliament, in assum- Washington, from the days he rode to a realist, Washington understood that the ing "the properest time to exert our right the hounds with Sally Fairfax, was a man future of America lay not wholly along of taxation is right is when the refused. held in the chains of his own ideals, pad- Thomas Jefferson's ideas of social re-

temporize is . . To to yield The very locked with the hard clasp of his reason. form. He realized that a strong govern- words are un-British in their inflexibility, The most violent fit of temper he ever ment, good credit, peace, hard work, and and as many English historians have threw—when Jefferson taunted him with a resumption, under new terms, of the noted, Washington and many other loyal a desire for total power—tends to show old commercial relationship with Britain hearts were exercising only the rights and that in his heart he did crave power, but would be necessary to her future. It was privileges of freeborn Englishmen in had no intention of ever succumbing to not an easy course to follow—nothing their resistance. the temptation. in Washington's life was easy—but he Washington had been born a soldier, To his troops he was never a comrade, made it so. whether the King recognized it or not, but what has come to be called, in the He would set a stamp on the Presi- and after saying "Parliament has no more best sense of the word, a father image. dency that could not be denied for right to put their hand in my pocket than He treated his men severely when re- generations. I have in theirs," he was ready "to raise quired; he believed in flogging and en- This was the strong man chained, not

1,000 men, subsist them at my own ex- forced it; he hanged deserters and cow- a cold man, but a controlled one, not a pense, and march at their head to ards without mercy. But no man fought born aristocrat but a man who gained Boston!" harder for the troops' rights and privi- the aristocracy of achievement, not a The hour was later than both the leges, no man sacrificed more for them. gregarious man, but a friendly one, not

Crown or Americans knew, and the rest And it is remarkable that each time he a common man, but a great one, who set is history. quit the service, during the French and the nation on its course as no other It was Washington who proved, on the Indian War and after the Revolution, the might have done. the end field of battle and in the tents of diplo- macy, how much the Crown had lost. It was Washington, almost singlehanded, who kept the Revolution from being a brush-popping, guerrilla-sniping war against the redcoats. Though he never got the support he required from a con- fused, often cowardly, and continually backbiting Continental Congress, it was Washington who created and kept in existence the one professional, mobile, disciplined Continental Army of the Line which held open the gates of independence.

His trials as Commander were "the boils of Job." Only a man who had mastered his emotions as a young man, who could see clearly the need for self- control, could have endured them. He took the insults that the brilliant Benedict Arnold could not brook, because his reason and sense of honor told him clearly that the Cause demanded that he take them and fight on. For without the Con- gress and what it stood for, there was no Cause. Washington was not the man to brook any master, neither King, Parliament, ". . . It wasn't a compact when I drove in!" nor Congress; historians have noted that

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 HOW TO READ YOUR OPPONENTS' HANDS (Continued from page 20) FREE Vacation Guide Frequently the bidding can help you Since North followed to both spade to count a hand. Suppose you are West leads, he must have a maximum of one winning play is to on the following deal: club. Therefore, the to Tl cash the king of clubs in dummy and, West East (Dummy) if North doesn't drop the queen, take This 32 page color book will be A A Q J 7 6 A K 10 8 3 a finesse through South. of great assistance in planning V 7 V 9 5 2 Throughout this article I have stuck your vacation. Beautiful lakes, 4 K 7 to the theme of locating the missing Q rivers, mountains. Recreation * A J 10 7 3 * K 9 5 2 queen. But counting a hand is also a choice. stepping stone to the more advanced of your The bidding: plays—such as squeezes, strip and end West North plays, etc. 1 A spade 2 V hearts You will not become a good bridge 4 A spades 5 4 diamonds player unless you work at learning how 5 A spades Pass to count a hand. Make up your mind that the next time you play, and from East South then on, you are going to try. Don't ex- 2 A spades Pass pect too much of yourself at the start. Pass Pass Before you know it you may be wowing TENNESSEE DIVISION OF INFORMATION your friends. the end Pass Pass 713 Cordell Hull Building, Nashville. Tenn.

Please send Free Vacation Guide North's opening lead is the ace of diamonds. Then he cashes the ace of hearts and leads another heart. It is routine for you to trump the second heart lead and draw two rounds of spades. Both de- fenders follow suit to both spade leads.

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But this takes us some 1 5 years beyond The United States failed during the Coal and Steel Community, which pro- the beginning of the Common Market first two years of the recovery program vided for free trade in these two basic story. It all started with the early post- to get the European nations to agree to products among the six nations that later war years, when Western Europe was were to form the Common Market. Brit- close to economic collapse. It is a long ain was invited to join but refused on the and complicated story. From the start ground that it could not accept the limit involved the United States and Brit- itations on its sovereignty that went with ain, as well as the Six. Many volumes the independent or so-called suprana- have been written about it. But it can tional powers of the new organization's be told by picking the important land- High Authority. There were British crit- marks along the bumpy road that led to ics, and American as well, who said at its creation, and to its present problems. the time that the scheme amounted to little more than a revival of the prewar AFTER World War 2, the first Western French-German steel cartel, which now

. statesman to speak up for European would be run by international bureau- unity was Winston Churchill. By the crats rather than businessmen. summer of 1946 he could see the cold When the European Coal and Steel war coming and realized that it would be Community went into operation in 1952, folly to count on the "one world" prin- with its headquarters in Luxemburg, ciples of the United Nations to help sta- Schuman, Monnet, and other leaders of bilize things in Europe. So that fall he the "European Movement" felt that they called for a "kind of United States of had taken a decisive step toward eco- Europe" and for a reconciliation between nomic and political unity. They fully ex- France and Germany. Churchill's initia- pected that within a few years they would tive got nowhere, partly because Britain achieve a single market for all types of itself was not really interested and partly goods, a common European currency, because Washington at the time was not and a political federation. They thought deeply concerned about European af- that in the end Britain would join the Six fairs. in building this United Europe. However, with the launching of the Marshall Plan in 1947-48, the United BY NOW, Monnet and the others had States not only saved formulated these basic economic Western Europe "Is there someone else, Dolores? I mean, from collapse but put some steam be- besides he and I?" and political objectives: hind the a ) idea of United Europe. When THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE ( 1 A single European market would this American-financed, four-year recov- bring mass production on the American ery program began to take shape, the anything more than a joint effort through scale and make possible living standards U.S. negotiators pressed the European the Organization for European Eco- comparable to those in the United States. nations to start planning for a common nomic Cooperation, which they had to This would prevent any return to the market or customs union within which do in order to apply the U.S. help offered economic stagnation Europe had suffered tariffs and other barriers to trade would them in the Marshall Plan. This was an from 1918 to 1939. be eliminated. important step on the way to unity, how- (2) With a strong, unified economy, Congress endorsed this position when ever, and by late 1949 the head of the Europe would be able to compete for it authorized the Marshall Plan in 1948. Economic Cooperation Administration markets and raw material supplies in The Foreign Assistance Act of that year in Washington, Paul G. Hoffman, gave Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, as contained this statement: the Europeans another push. He insisted these areas of the world broke their co- "Mindful of the advantages which the that concrete steps toward economic in- lonial bonds with Europe and ceased to United States has enjoyed through the tegration be taken quickly. And he ex- be economic preserves. existence of a large domestic market with plained that he meant by this "the forma- (3) Political unity would not only end no internal trade barriers, and believing tion of a single large market" that would the long French-German feud but would that similar advantages can accrue to the "accelerate the development of large- give Europe a much bigger voice in the countries of Europe, it is declared to be scale, low-cost production industries." Atlantic Alliance and in world affairs. It the policy of the people of the United Hoffman's appeal did not fall on deaf might also help someday to draw Eastern States to encourage these countries ears. By this time Jean Monnet, a Europe away from communist control. through a joint organization to exert sus- Frenchman with influential friends in These objectives appealed to the to continued tained common efforts . . . which will Washington, was building a movement U.S. government and led speedily achieve that economic coopera- on the Continent to support not only American support for European unity. tion in Europe which is essential for last- economic integration but political fed- Indeed, Washington soon was to give its ing peace and prosperity." eration. In short, he was aiming at a backing to what proved to be an unsuc- At this time the prevailing view in United States of Europe. As a starter, cessful European effort to achieve mili- Washington was that European eco- Monnet worked out a precise scheme for tary integration through a scheme for a nomic integration must be encouraged a European coal and steel pool, and got European Defense Community (EDC). as a means of speeding recovery from the French Foreign Minister Robert Schu- This scheme was developed by the

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F RUARY 1964 "

French not long after the communist at- bers; existing restrictions would be re- tack on South Korea. In reaction to this moved on the right to sell services within Now! Life Insurance aggression in the Far East, the United the union; and industrial companies and States insisted that NATO, still in its in- financial institutions would be free to in- Birth to Age 80 fancy, should greatly strengthen its vest capital anywhere in the Common First forces and include regular military units Market. 30 Days from West Germany. The French gov- 3. A common policy in agriculture that ernment, fearful at that time of a Ger- would finally bring a single protected ONLY 25< man military revival, opposed this idea. market for farm products. In this case, 1000 Per Policy As an alternative, it proposed a unified the prescription for action was left very CASH FOR YOUR FINAI. EXPENSES. European army which would incorporate vague. AVOID BEING A BURDEN TO YOUR FAMILY German soldiers in the "smallest possible Other provisions called for rules Introductory Offer. Answer these 9 questions a plain piece of paper and units" and which would be controlled by against industrial cartels and price-fixing on mail with only 25c for 30 days' protec- a "single European military and political agreements; for common social and labor tion. Regular rate shown on policy. authority." laws for all members; and for harmony Aiiioiinta usuully Isiiuetl without doctor exanilnntlon. RATES. If the European Defense Community in national economic policies governing, NBW LOW Ages Amount Ages Amount had been set up, it might have led fairly say, interest rates. 0 to 80 $1000 15 to 60 $2500 rapidly to political federation. But, under There also was an agreement for an 1. Print full name and address. a new French government, the National association between the Common Mar- 2. Date of birth? 3. Height? 3a. Weight? Assembly defeated the EDC scheme in ket and the overseas territories of France, 4. Occupation, kind of work? and address of employer 1954, troops soon were in- 4a Name and German Belgium and Holland. This was mainly 5. Race? (For identification). 6. Beneficiary and relationship to you? corporated in NATO as the United the benefit its for of France, with many 7. To your knowledge have you had heart, States had originally suggested. It seemed remaining colonies in Africa. The agree- lung, diabetes, cancer, or chronic disease? Are you deformed, lost a hand, foot, eye, doubtful at the time if European inte- ment included a large five-year develop- or ever rejected for insurance? gration would progress beyond the Coal 8. State condition of health. ment fund to be used to encourage trade 9. Amount desired, and sign your name. and Steel Community. and investment in the Associated States. NO AGENT WILL CALL However, plans for a great move for- To carry out these provisions, and Actual policy will be mailed you direct from Home Office. You be the judge. ward were being laid the following year. many more, the Common Market was Mail to: S. B. Hunt, Chairman AMERICAN LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. Supporting these plans were such lead- given a set of political institutions, whose 344 American Life Bldg., St. Louis 8. Mo. ers as West German Chancellor Konrad headquarters were established later in Adenauer and Belgian Foreign Minister Brussels. Paul-Henri Spaak. By the spring of 1 957 At the top stands the Council of Min- POEMS WANTED the Six were able to sign two important isters, made up of one cabinet minister To Be Set To Music treaties in Rome. from each government. This body makes Send one or more of your best poems today for FREE EXAJIINATION Any One of these established the European the final decisions for the Common Mar- Subject. Immediate Consideration. 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The other treaty estab- The executive body, or general staff, is We train you at home and help you start. Write today for free literature. No agent will call. Licensed lished Euratom, or the European Atomic the European Commission, which has by N. Y. Education Dept. National Tax Training School, Monsey N. Energy Community. Here, the purpose nine members served by a large staff of J-17, Y. pi of the Six was to integrate the develop- economists. Commission members are 1^ ^ mm 11^Female help wanted Uni ment of nuclear energy for peaceful pur- supposed to represent the Common Mar- wa 5-73 Ikp. $23 WEEKLY for wearing lovely FLI poses. But Euratom has failed in its goal ket as a whole, not the countries of which 571. dresses supplied to you by us as tarr COM of creating one of the world's great they happen to be nationals. This body extra rewards. Just show Fashion shoi friends in spare time. No Con atomic complexes. efit Frocks to has authority to initiate and decide many ;ur- investment, canvassing, experience Mil i.C. necessary. Write to Fashion Frocks, clea matters. Many of the Council's decisions hort Dept. P-10111, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. 3405 To ACCOMPLISH its aims, the Common are taken on its recommendations. Market treaty went into minute de- There is an Assembly of 142 delegates tail. Although one of the most complex drawn from the six parliaments, the big- Shrinks Hemorrhoids treaties ever written, its essence was con- ger members having the larger number tained in provisions that called for: of seats. But this body has no legislative New Way Without Surgery 1. A customs union, or free market, authority. It can only debate and rec- for industrial goods within 12 to 15 ommend. Stops Itch -Relieves Pain years. This was to be built in three stages, Finally comes the Court of Justice, For the first time science has found a during which tariffs would be completely whose job is to rule on the interpretation new healing substance with the astonishing ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve removed among members while a com- and application of the Rome Treaty. For pain — without surgery. mon tariff wall went up around them. example, cartel cases can go to the Court. In case after case, while gently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) Between the first two stages provision Both the Assembly and the Court serve took place. Most amazing of all — results were so was made for a stalling period of two to the Coal and Steel Community, and thorough that sufferers made astonishing three years in case any member found Euratom, as well as the Common Mar- statements like "Piles have ceased to be a problem! the going too tough. ket. The secret is a new healing substance 2. Free movement of persons, services, From the start, the center of this am- (Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous research institute. and capital. the end of the 12-to-15 bitious and complicated Mar- By Common This substance is now available in sup- year transitional period, workers would ket scheme has been the customs union pository or ointment form under the name Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug be allowed to move freely between mem- for industrial goods. While very little has counters. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 39 EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET with a half-way house. It proposed a Eu- split into two trading blocs, the Com- (Continued from page 39) ropean Free Trade Area, which was to mon Market with some 160 million peo- consist on the one hand of the Common ple and with about been done to set up a single market for EFTA 90 million. Market and, on the other, of Britain, agriculture, the Six are ahead of schedule Common Market EFTA Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland in building their single, tariff-free mar- France Britain and Austria. These nations were to form ket; no member asked for a delay at the West Germany Sweden what was called a free trade zone and end of the first stage. And because this Belgium Norway were to eliminate industrial tariffs among has helped to stimulate economic expan- Netherlands Denmark themselves and with the members of the Italy sion and full employment in all member Switzerland Common Market. But, unlike the Six, nations, except Italy, workers have been Luxemburg Austria they were to maintain their own individ- moving from one nation to another by Portugal the tens of thousands. West Germany, in The Germans, with important trading particular, has drawn on Italy for indus- interest in Sweden, Switzerland and Aus- trial manpower. tria, were especially anxious to get the two blocs linked together before some WHEN IT WAS formed, the Common kind of trade war started. Market hinged on a sort of eco- In 1961, Britain finally made the deci- nomic marriage between West Germany sion to join the Common Market as a and France, the first being a strong coun- full member and, if possible, to take its try at the time and the second a relatively EFTA partners along. By this time the weak one. In 1957, the • Common Market had West Germans ——— . "r?^ / ^ , W proved so success- had highly competitive export industries, ful that Britain's Conservative govern- a strong currency, and sturdy political ment realized that it could no longer af- leadership under Chancellor Adenauer. ford to play its earlier game. London By contrast, France had highly protected now felt that the Six were leaving Britain industries, a weak currency, and unsta- far behind in terms of economic strength ble, constantly changing leadership. and soon could do the same in terms of

Yet, from the first, the French officials international political influence. Though who went to the Common Market head- the British government realized the quarters in Brussels to work in the Com- Commonwealth would be weakened if mission played the leading role in shap- Britain joined the Six, there seemed no ing the future of the Common Market. other choice. Though a German, Walter Halstein, European businessmen generally were was president of the Commission, the enthusiastic about the British bid for highly-trained economist-diplomats from membership. And so were many Ameri- Paris showed greater skill in running can companies that had invested huge things than the officials from any other sums of money in European plants in member nation. order to take advantage of lower pro- Before long, too, France was to have duction costs, to get closer to the Euro- a strong government under General de pean consumer, and to avoid the tariff Gaulle, who came to power in June 1958. duties they would have to pay if they ex- By the end of that year he had carried "Well, my diet was your idea!'" ported from their U.S. plants. out a successful economic stabilization THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZI.NE A majority of European businessmen scheme that made it possible for France felt that before long there would be a ual tariff systems against the rest of the to go along, on January 1 , 1 959, with the merger of Common Market and EFTA world. first step in cutting tariffs between mem- nations into one market that would be ber nations, a 10% reduction. And by France, partly because of its economic even bigger than that of the United that time, De Gaulle, who earlier had op- weakness at the time and partly because States, and potentially as prosperous. posed the Common Market, realized that Gaullist nationalism already was on the They expected this all-European market it could be used not only to make France rise, killed this British scheme late in to be dominated by giant corporations, stronger economically, but as an instru- 1958. However, no tears were shed by some of them U.S. -owned. ment through which he might gain the the other Common Market nations, and political leadership of Europe. Washington supported this early French Europe's numerous auto companies Meanwhile, the French had blocked a veto. This was mainly because it was now were expected to shrink to a British move to get the trading advan- feared that the British scheme would di- dozen or so, with production centered in tages of the Common Market without lute the Common Market and hold up its five or six "Detroits." Consumer buying paying the price of full membership. progress toward complete economic and of autos and household appliances was When the Treaty of Rome was signed, political unity. expected to move even more rapidly the British still weren't prepared to join Britain's reaction was to get together toward American levels as an increasing the Six. But they soon decided they with its five would-be partners in the free number of workers entered the middle couldn't afford to stand by while the trade zone, plus Portugal, and form the class. American businessmen who visited Continental nations grew in competitive seven-nation European Free Trade As- the headquarters of the Common Market power and British exports suffered a tar- sociation (EFTA). Members of this Commission in Brussels began to think iff disadvantage in the markets of the Six. group are committed to eliminate tariffs there was genuine symbolism in the name

The British also feared that if this new among themselves on about the same of the street where the Common Market bloc continued on its own it might come schedule the Common Market follows in Commission had its offices. It was the to dominate all of Western Europe po- freeing its internal trade. As against all Avenue de la Joyeuse Entree—or Street litically. outsiders, each EFTA nation maintains of Joyous Entry. Not wanting to be out, or all the way its own tariff system. In the fall of 1961, Prime Minister in, London tried to get around things With this development, Europe was Macmillan talked enthusiastically about

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 the beneficial economic effects of the much lower price. De Gaulle wants to Fantastic Savings on NEW "cold shower" his country would get up- get a lion's share of the German market on entering the Common Market. Brit- for his relatively cheap wheat, but under ACCORDIONS '/2 OFF ain's desire to jump in was welcomed rules that would keep still cheaper Amer- SAVE UP TO M OFF PRICES OF COMPARABLE ACCOROIONS in Bonn, Rome, Brussels, The Hague ican wheat pretty well out of the entire 40 New Models—Easy Terms and Just arrived! More than 40 exciting Luxemburg. Market. new models! Many new electronic Common accordions— amplifiers! Packed witli new ideas, nev> styling, new Across the Channel in France, how- Because it faces an election in 1965, features! Buy direct from world's largest exclusive accordion ever, American observers found a differ- the West German government is very re- (iciiler! Importer-To-You Priceal Eaav Terms: LOW DOWN PAY- ent attitude. Top French o.TJicials could luctant to make an agricultural deal at MKNT. Mon^yBack Guarantee. FREE BONUS CIFIS! Trade-ins LIFETIME GUARANTEE welcomerf-FKEE Color Catalogs! talk of nothing but the difficulties. They the expense of its own farmers. The U.S. Accordion Corporation of America, Dept, A-24 I were saying, in effect, that before Brit- government, for its part, has been insist- 2003 W.Chicago Ave.. Chicago 22, III. I Send free Catalf'OS—Special Discount Price hist. I ain ever got into the "cold shower," ev- ing that whatever the solution reached, it NAIVIE I eryone would be in a "hell of a lather." should allow American farmers a fair ADDRESS - I Cirt - ZONE STATE In fact, chance to hold the market they have built j plenty of lather was generated Check here if you have a Trade-in. D j in the year-long negotiations that fol- up in Europe over the years. Moreover, lowed in Brussels, especially over the Washington has repeatedly said that it FREE CATALOG problem of protecting certain British would not negotiate any reduction of in- Commonwealth interests. And after De dustrial tariffs—swapping cuts in our tar- Gaulle's veto in January 1963, the lather iff rates against cuts in the Common flew thick and fast not only between the Market's external tariff—unless agricul- members of the Common Market, but tural products are included. between Washington and Paris. De So unless this Common Market farm Manufacturers of Gaulle, of course, had hit the British the issue can be compromised by Paris and SCHOOL FURN. • BLACKBOARDS • TENNIS TABLES kind of blow that, if struck in the 19th Bonn in a way that gives reasonable sat- CHAIR COMPANY century, could easily have led to the bat- isfaction to Washington, there is little ADIRONDACK 104-O W. 17fh • N. Y. DALLAS • BOSTON • L.A. • CHICAGO • tlefield. chance that anything much will be ac- PITTSBURGH complished by the tariff negotiations that THE Common Market has gone on have been scheduled for 1964. functioning. Last summer it made its These negotiations are to be held in planned 10% cut in its internal tariffs, Geneva under the auspices of the Gen- HELP WANTED-SPARE TIME bringing the total reduction to 60%. Its eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or SENSATIONAL NEW LONGER-BURNING LIGHT BULB. Amazing Free Replacement members have stood together in the GATT for short, a world-wide U.N. affil- Guarantee— never again buy light bulbs. No dollar market "chicken war" with the United States. iated agency. Dozens of nations are sup- competition. Multi-million yours alone. Make small fortune even spare This dispute arose when the Common posed to participate. time. Incredibly quick sales. Free sales kit. MERLITE (Bulb Div.), 114 E. 32nd, Dept. raised Market import levies very sharply Even if agriculture weren't involved, C-IS, NewYorkie.N.Y. In Canada: l^ooa Co.,Lld.,37l DowdSl.,Monlreall ,P.Q. on American frozen poultry, cutting the chances for success in the GATT ne- deeply into this country's sales to Europe gotiations would not be high. The Com- and creating consternation in Washing- mon Market doesn't seem willing even to ton and the U.S. poultry industry. swap tariff cuts on industrial goods on a DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; However, the Common Market still basis the United States can accept. In IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS hasn't recovered Type P Pump has 1,001 uses. Stainless from the way in which the preliminary bargaining that went on shaft. Won't rust or clogi Use 1/6 HP

motor or larger . . . 3/4, HP for up to 2,400 De Gaulle applied his veto to Britain. He periodically all last year, the United GPH; 450 GPH 80' high; or 1.800 GPH from 25' well. 1" inlet; 3/4" outlet. did it without consulting the other Coupling included free $7.BS mem- States found the Common Market ne- Heavy Duty Bali- Bearing Pump. Up to 5,200 GPH; 11/4" inlet; 1" outlet, $12.95 bers and with a pointed slap at both Brit- gotiators very evasive about setting rea- Postpaid if cash with order. Money Back Guarantee. Also other sizes, types. ish and American influence on the Con- sonable ground rules for the actual bar- LABAWCO » PUMPS, Belle Mead 56, N.J. tinent. France's partners didn't like either gaining that is supposed to take place this of these things, or the thought that De year. Gaulle might try to run the Common built It seems that the high hopes on FALSE TEETH Market by dictate. our Trade Expansion Act have been KLUTCH holds them tighter The spirit of hope and compromise pretty well dashed. An Atlantic Partner- KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental that built the Common Market left it a ship doesn't seem to be in the cards for plates so much firmer and snugger that one can eat and talk with greater comfort and security; in many year ago. Taking a tip from De Gaulle, the present. Nor does a Europe-wide eco- cases almost as well as with natural teeth. Klutch lessens the the other five members decided that they nomic union based on membership of constant fear of a dropping, rocking, chafing plate. ... If your druggist doesn't have had better start pushing their own na- Britain and its EFTA partners in the Klutch, don't waste money on substitutes, but send us 10^ and we will mail you a generous trial box. tional interests to the limit. With the Common Market. KLUTCH CO.. Box 407-B. ELMIRA, N. Y. momentum toward unity lost, the Six But the Common Market as it is now have found it almost impossible to agree constituted is an economic fact of life on a common agricultural policy. To es- that only an open clash between France tablish such a policy, there has to be an and West Germany is likely to change. It agreement under which wheat prices, for has unquestionably strengthened West- TO BRING 1^ example, would be made uniform ern Europe's ability to resist communism. iWI^MSS^U^ HEAVENLY throughout the Common Market, while Yet, as of right now it has turned loose COMFORT a common import levy would be set a host of new problems and changing re- and SECURITY or it Costs You Nothing! against wheat from, say, the United lationships, especially in terms of its ef- Rejoice, Ye Ruptured! Thi3 States. fect on the economies of the nations in patented Brooks Air Cvishion Appliance for most forms of De Gaulle has been pressing hard for the British sphere and of the United — reducible rupture—now is months to get this agricultural issue set- States, which may be extremely sticky positively guaranteed to bring you heavenly comfort and tled to the advantage of French wheat matters among old friends for a long security, day and night, at work or play—or it costs you nothing! Light. No springs or hard pads. Low cost! Buy farmers, who are far more efficient than time to come. NO rupture device till you get our free facts. Write! German grain growers and can sell at a THE END BROOKS CO., 302-A, STATE ST., MARSHALL MICH. THE AlVlERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 41 a

CLEANING DUCKS was always a chore to Jim Peylaso of Tower, Minn. So he de-

veloped a new way which he claims is easier ROD ^GUN and faster. Instead of slitting the duck from CLUB vent to wishbone, he cuts it along the back from tail to neck, splitting the backbone. Then the bird can be spread wide for quick removal of all the entrails and for thorough The Whistle Pig washing. The dressing is also easier to in- sert. Before roasting he ties the bird together again with a strmg. WHEN English settlers came to to hunt them, experts say, is when the sun America they discovered a plump comes out hot after a summer storm. A COMFORTABLE SPIN-SEAT for duck little (20-inch) woodland animal to which The value of the chuck as a food item is blinds is suggested by the makers of Mer- they applied the name '"chuck," meaning debatable. Its fur is about worthless. Then cury outboards. To the top of a low wooden "little pig." Northerners still call it "wood- why hunt it? Records show that thousands crate or packing box fasten a spin-around chuck." Varmint hunters affectionately call of cattle break their legs each year in chuck seat with folding backrest, the rig com- it "whistle pig" because it whistles shrilly holes. And chuck mounds hinder cultiva- monly used on the thwart seat of a fishing when alarmed. But "ground hog" is pre- tion. The main reason is that like the deer boat. It permits the shooter to rapidly shift ferred in the South where the species also and crow, this species has profited by man's became established as the traditional Amer- opening of the forests, the destruction of ican weather prophet. On every February 2, natural predators and the cultivation of Ground-Hog it is to Day, supposed emerge food crops—and if no one hunted the vege- from its burrow to test the weather. If it tarian woodchuck we'd soon be knee-deep sees its shadow in the sunshine, it returns in them. underground and there will be another six weeks of winter. shadow means an early No NIGHTCRAWLERS are fishgetters all spring. The superstition originated in Eu- year 'round, but where can you get them rope where this is day Candlemas Day and up north in winter? Stock up on a sup- the prophets are the hedgehog and the ply now, says E. M. Foit of Winter Haven, his position, when watching for birds, with- badger. But there is some truth in it, mod- Fla. When he lived in a northern cli- out shifting his entire seat. And there's stor- ern forecasters say. Clear weather in Feb- mate he found the best place to store age space for shells, bird calls and other ruary is cold, dry weather; cloudy weather them was an old refrigerator. Take off its equipment in the box he's sitting on. indicates warm air full of moisture— legs and machinery, remove the locks, lay possible thaw. it on its back, prop the door open slightly DON'T TAKE CHANCES! Every month chuck's The apartment—about three feet and cover the opening with a screen after this column receives suggestions for stuffing underground—consists of several rooms filling with good loam soil. The insulation things such as oiled rags and corks into the 10- connected by to 25-foot-long tunnels to will keep them from freezing, and also keep muzzle of a gun to prevent rust or to keep at least three surface "doorways." The them cooler in summer. out rain, snow and dirt. Don'! do it! In the "front door" opens at the pile of earth excitement of hunting you might forget to formed when the dwelling was excavated. A DEPTH FINDER for ice fishing as well remove the obstruction before shooting, and ""back door'" is exit The an emergency hid- as for summer angling and boating is a then the gun will explode like a grenade. If den in the bushes or under a wall. Both clever new product. It's a small gadget you feel you must protect your firearm from have slanted tunnels. The third opening, {4V2") that you lower into the water, then outside elements, stick a small square of however, has no telltale and is lo- mound quickly reel back in again. The height of Scotch tape over the muzzle; it will blow cated at an open spot which enables the off safely when you shoot. But don't stuff chuck to watch in every direction for dan- anything inside! ger. It is a "drop hole," descending verti- cally. escape danger, the chuck simply To CROW SHOOTING is a favorite sport of drops into it. Many a hunter has wasted winter shotgunners, but to bag these black time watching such a hole without realizing bandits you need a lot of good decoys. the smart old whistle pig has been watching Arthur Handon of Crisfield, Md., makes his him from another "doorway." own by bending a wire coat hanger into the During winter the chuck remains in the shape of a crow. Then he fits one of his deathlike sleep of true hibernation and when wife's discarded nylon stockings over it and dug up requires several hours in a warm spray paints it black. He straightens the room to awaken. hook and sticks it into the ground. In early spring a chuck still groggy with sleep will drag itself up into the sunshine, FOR HANDGUNNERS the Speer Prod- and a hunter can walk up to it and pick it ucts Co. is offering new plastic cartridges up in his hands. Chuck hunters don't like and bullets in .38 S&W, .38 Special and .357 to shoot them at this time because the fe- Magnum calibers for economical, low-ve- male gives birth m April to four or five one- locity indoor shooting practice. The bullets ounce young that don't open their eyes for are fired by primers which can be inserted another month. By July they are able to the water trapped in it shows you the depth in the cartridges by hand. The bullets are care for themselves; shooting her before on a calibrated scale. It works by water re-usable and also are inserted into the car- this will kill them. also. Farmers would pressure. Empty it by pressing a valve and tridges by hand. This load is not completely rather get rid of the woodchuck as soon as it's ready to go again. Price is less than $4 harmless, however; the bullets will break possible. from the Anchor Shop in Los Angeles. double-thickness window glass at 50 feet. bullets. At the first sign of danger the chuck will Price is $3 for 50 cartridges and 50 developed for the Air Force. first run and look afterward. But it also has WHEN ICE FISHING and you're out of It was curiosity. If the hunter doesn't try to shoot bait or the fish aren't too fond of the bait If you have a helpful idea for this feature it while it's running, it will usually pop up you are using, you might try one suggested send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you again for another look. A supersonic dog by Bernard Klesceuski of Wabeno, Wis. He $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- whistle will call it up when it hasn't been eye from a fish he has already uses an turn, or enter into correspondence concern- alarmed. All chucks come out in the eve- caught. He says it will stay on the hook for ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, ning of a hot day. One of the best times almost a dozen catches and the fish, espe- The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth cially perch, fight for it. Ave., New York, N. Y., 10019.

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SWEEPSTAKES (Continued from page 13) NO NEED TO WEAR

New Hampshire is a tourist state that number on it corresponding to the ticket caters to thousands and thousands of held by the Commission and will also skiers in the wintertime, as well as to contain the name and address of the pur- A TRUSS race-track fans. These racing fans flock chaser, but the receipt will in no sense be from nearby Massachusetts to country- a claim check. Prizes will not be paid to FOR RUPTURE style Rockingham Park at Salem, N. H. just any holder of a receipt with a win- That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, —just over the state line from Lawrence, ning number on it, but only to the person Slips and Does Not Hold Mass.—for both harness and thorough- named on the state-held ticket. If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't miss this. A Post Card, witii name bred racing, conducted there spring, Former FBI Agent Powers, from his and address, is all you send to W. S. Rice, summer and. fall. There's also another long experience with the federal agency, Inc., Dept. 8R, Adams, N. Y., to get FREE, and without obligation, the complete mod- harness racing track at Hinsdale, N. H., is completely convinced that there will ernized Rice Plan of Reducible Rupture which runs 105 nights through the sum- Control. Now in daily use by thousands who say they never dreamed possible such secure, mer months and is located in the south- dependable and comfortable rupture protec- western corner of the state, just a nine- tion. Safely blocks rupture opening, pre- iron shot from Vermont and western sec- vents escape, without need for bulky, cum- bersome Trusses, tormenting springs or tions of Massachusetts. harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of how long ruptured, size, occupation, or trusses you have worn. TRY THIS and send TICKETS will be on sale at the LOTTERY your Post Card today. tracks, and at state-controlled liquor stores. There are 49 of these stores scattered throughout the state, but many tlllilAlliniiltUi are concentrated close to the borders of Maine, Vermont and Massachusetts, as well as the Province of Quebec. The reason for these state border loca- Piano, Guitar, ANY Instrument tions is that New Hampshire's liquor prices are much lower than those of her PLAY real tunes on ANY instrument right from the start — even if you don't know a single neighbors and are quite an attraction note now! Amazing course lets you teach yourself at home, in spare time. No boring exercises. You for out-of-staters. play real notes. Make rapid progress. Easy as A-B-C. Low cost. Over 1.000,000 students. FREE describes this famous Already Hampshire realizes BOOK New a course. No obligation; no sales- substantial part of its total state revenue men. Write TODAY: U.S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Studio 462. Port Washing- from racing and liquor sales, with most ton, 1. 1., N.Y. (Est. 1898) Licensed by N.Y. State Eduea. Dept. Tear out as reminder. of it coming from nearby Massachusetts, which, Rockingham Park officials agree, NO MONEY DOWNl provides about 85% of the patronage at its track. HOME- "It's our bill from the Travel Now, Pay SITES No official estimates of the amount of Later Club." $495 New Hampshire liquor that is purchased THK AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Lovely '/4 acre sites in Central Florida hills, by out-of-staters has even been made, lake, grove area $495, no money down, $10 a month • 5 miles from famous Rainbow but anyone who wants proof of its popu- be no violation of federal laws by the Springs • Electricity, phones • 22 miles to larity with the "foreign trade" need only State when it operates the "Sweeps" in Gulf Coast • Fish, hunt • Invest or retire. FREE color folder • Write Dept. 650-B witness the out-of-state cars lined up out- this manner. And he considers the pro- Rainbow Park, Box 521, OCALA, Florida. side the big liquor store located in the cedure to be a safeguard against any en- border town of Salem. croachment by hoodlum elements who Old Leg Soris There are other liquor stores in towns might try to "muscle in" on the New Are you miserable with pain and aches of leg along the borders, two of them in Ports- Hampshire gambling venture. ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or in- mouth, close to the Portsmouth Naval This should be remembered by anyone juries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back Shipyard (actually located in Kittery, who is ever offered a New Hampshire guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. Me.) and still others in Connecticut river Sweepstakes ticket outside of New L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY 100 W. Chicago Ave.. Chicago 10. I!L townships that cater to thirsty, thrifty Hampshire. If anyone tries to sell you a Vermonters. ticket in any of the other 49 states of

One of the first big problems worked the nation, it's a fake. It can't be done, BORROW BY AIRMAIL out by the Sweepstakes Commission, legally. It will be a forgery if someone $IOO-«300-«600 or MORE (successfully, they think) is the one tries to sell you such a ticket in Cali- posed by federal laws against carrying fornia, Kansas, or any other state. And asjing eprescntal gambling tickets state lines. will wasting your on you Collateral anc across you be money. gners are not required cans are granteiJ on youi The only ticket that will be in existence Nevertheless, it will be entirely possi- anal signature! is the one that goes into the dispensing ble to "take a flyer" in the New Hamp- YOU NEED ONLY HAVE A STEADY INCOME EHMPLE TO QUALIFY. Simpliried transaction is han- Cash lou Gtl 24 Mo Pay ls jfely by airmail; you receive your machines that will be set up at the race shire Sweepstakes without going to New $40019 $2400 tracks and in the liquor stores. It will Hampshire in person—and quite legally, EN »Qijii''"''Lo!«W^ contain the name and address of the state officials believe. of Banker* Investment Compani NATIONAL LOANS, Dept. U-P purchaser. The first and most obvious manner in S. Tejon. Colorado Sprinii, Colorado Mr. R. D. Osborn, Vice President is The person who planks down his $3 which you can participate to have NATIONAL LOANS, Dept. II P 101 S. Tejon, Colorado to take a chance in the Sweepstakes someone who is coming to New Hamp- Spring!, Colo. Pleatt ruth "Loan Agrcamant" in plain anveiopa. drawing will get a receipt or acknowledg- shire as a tourist, a race track fan or — Name_ .Occupation. ment which will not be a ticket that can a thrift-minded liquor purchaser—buy a Address. -Age_ be transferred or resold. ticket or tickets for you. You'll have City -Zone State. The ticket-buyer's receipt will have a to make your own arrangements with J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 43 —

THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SWEEPSTAKES sion by gamblers or racketeers, the com- clude the possibility of having any un- (Continued from page 43) mission has placed a limit of ten ticket necessary delay where there might be a purchases at a time for any individual. line of the purchaser to get the receipt or ac- persons seeking to make pur- Let Director Powers have a few words chases." knowledgment, but even this is not too important. on this score: And he added this interesting after- "There is no doubt that we would sell thought: more tickets by merely ejecting a num- "Where multiple purchases are desired WHAT IS REALLY important is that bered ticket similar to a parimutuel oper- by an individual you have a ticicet in the machine or organization, ar- ation. But if this were done, our program rangements can be made through the with your name and address on it. When could be sabotaged and thereafter fail commission, under special provisions the drawings are made, and there will be because we would, in effect, be playing which will be established." That sounds two each year when the program shifts into the hands of thieves, racketeers and like more than ten at a time, but only into high gear, the commission will pick bums. They would set up operations in when the Commission knows who is buy- the winners from the tickets in the dis- other states to sell the tickets at a price ing them. pensing machines, containing the names above our charge of $3. They could The Sweepstakes plan has run up and addresses of the lucky ticket buyers. charge whatever the traffic would bear. against its strongest opposition from peo- In 1964, the first year of operation, "Control would be lost and we would ple and groups who oppose it in prin- there will be only one Sweepstakes draw- thereby be establishing a program that ciple. During its stormy trip through the ing and it will be based on a horserace would be flying in the face of federal and Legislature it was bitterly opposed by to be run at Rockingham Park in "early state laws and one that would cause church groups and by others who felt September." problems for law enforcement officers, that New Hampshire should impose new A second way that has been mentioned not only in New Hampshire, but else- taxes, rather than experiment with more for out-of-staters to risk their $3 is where. "sin taxes." As a matter of fact, there is through contact with friends or relatives "I was reading an article recently on already a group agitating for repeal of in New Hampshire. the creation of the Swedish lottery with the Sweepstakes law, and they have ad- Say you live in Salt Lake City and you respect to sporting events back in the vanced their campaign to such an extent don't intend to make a trip to New early thirties. At that time, the opponents that they have automobile bumper Hampshire next year, but you'd still like of the lottery were using virtually the stickers in circulation which state sim- to take a fling first on the legal lottery same arguments that are currently being ply "Repeal Sweepstakes." conducted in the country since the turn used against the New Hampshire Sweep- Another informal anti-Sweepstakes of the century. stakes program. Today, after many years group is threatening to take court action You can contact someone in New of success with the revenue going to pub- to prevent the lottery from getting Hampshire and ask to purchase a him lic needs, there is virtually no opposition started. ticket for you, then whatever ar- make to the program and it has the support Generally, however, they are the same rangements you choose to get your re- and participation of citizens throughout people who fought the "new avenue for ceipt. You can even arrange to have him the country." Revenue" plan in the Legislature. There hold the receipt for you, if that's the way On the limitation of ten tickets to a are not many who feel they wifl be suc- you prefer to do it. How your name gets person. Powers said: cessful in blocking it. in the hopper is not the concern of the "It has also been decided that the sale There's one big hurdle that must be Sweepstakes Commission. Their only of tickets will be limited to ten to a per- cleared, however, before the machines concern is that the ticket is actually pur- son at any given time. This will give the start punching out tickets. chased in New Hampshire. commission a measure of control over As part of the legislation that was As another safeguard against an inva- the multiple purchase of tickets and pre- signed into law by Democratic Gov. John W. King—after being endorsed by the Republican-controlled Legislature

there is a requirement for a "local op- tion" vote next March 10, which is New Hampshire's traditional Town Meeting Day.

FOR ALL PRACTICAL purposcs, the Vot- ing will be significant only in those communities that have either a race track or a liquor store within their boundaries. The question that will be asked of the voters is this: "Shall Sweepstakes tickets be sold in this city or town?"

If, as expected, a majority of the voters in these towns and cities vote in the af- firmative, the "Sweeps" will be off and running. The machinery to put tickets on sale

will go into operation on March 1 1, the day after New Hampshire communities vote on the local question of permitting sale. Tickets will be sold as soon thereafter as the installations for dispensing them have been put in working order. Perhaps the most important voting will take place in the town of Salem (population about 10,000) which has states and countries were rejected be- within its confines both Rockingham cause of the decision that tickets can be

Park and the state's No. 1 liquor store sold only within the boundaries of New in number of sales. Because of its de- Hampshire. MONEY pendence on the track for local revenue, The federal angle was one that gave there seems little reason to expect that the state many headaches as it inched the voters of Salem will turn their back forward in mapping ways and means of BY MAIL on this new money-raising scheme which conducting the lottery without running would not only help with their school afoul the many federal laws relating to FAST, CONFIDENTIAL SERVICE UNDER costs, but also bring more business into gambling and taking gambling "para- GOVERNMENT REGULATION CASH 24 town. phernalia" across state lines. If you're between 25 and 65, steadily emplcyed, you RECEIVE PAYMENTS* can borrow up to $600 on your signature alone. We $200 11.04 notify no one. We are Government regulated, operat- 300 1656 OTHER TOWNS and citics in the ing under ttie State Division of Finance. Department 22.10 ALL of Business Administration. Fill m ttie coupon below; 27.78 32.93 . state will also vote in the referen- we'll send application papers by return mail. dum next March, but voting in communi- *The above payments include Creditor Life Insurance I ties that do not have either a state-oper- I MURDOCK ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION dept. 69 P.O.BOX 659 POPUR BLUFF, MISSOURI ated liquor store or a race track will be / meaningless unless, at some future date, Name Address the State Liquor Commission should de- City State.. cide to locate a store in additional towns. RENDERING FAITHFUL SERVICE FOR A QUARTER CENTURY The ink was hardly dry on the governor's signature on the bill last April when letters began pouring into the State House from every state in the nation and many foreign countries, asking how they could buy tickets, or how they could be- You Can Now Be FREE come agents for the "Sweeps" sales in their part of the world. One request came From Truss Slavery Surely you want to THROW AWAY TRUSSES from a man who wanted the agency FOREVER, be rid of Rupture Worries. Then rights for Southeast Asia. Another re- Why put up with wearing a griping, chafing and unsanitary truss? For there is now a mod- quest came from Tokyo. ern Non-Surgical treatment that is designed to correct rupture. These Non-Surgical treatments Hundreds of letters arrived with cash are so dependable that a Lifetime Certificate of in them and requests to send them a Assurance is given. Write today for our New FREE BOOK that ticket or tickets on the N. H. Sweep- gives facts that mav save vou painful, expensive surgery. Tells HOW and Explains WHY NON- stakes. One such letter, by the way, con- SURGICAL Methods of Treating Rupture are so tained a pound note from Ireland. successful today. Write today—Dept. H1131. EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC, Excelsior Springs, Mo. "Ordinarily I would've overlooked this, but All of these have been returned in the I couldn't resist the chance to put my foot light of the ground rules that have since Made ^900 in Spare Time on a running board after all these years." been established. '1 made about $900 last year Tickets cannot be sold with Foley equipment THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE my through the mail. by sharpenlngsawsin my This was one of the spare time." I.eo H. Mix. first rules agreed upon to avoid any clash There has been much study on this No Experience Needed with With a Foley .Automatic U. S. postal authorities or the Jus- question, and many conferences with Saw Filer anyone can tice Department. sharpen hand, band and cir- federal officials. They now feel that most, cular saws with professional accuracy. No canvassing — Two questions on postal laws arise, if not all, of the "gimmicks" have been business comes to you. Help Start, one of which is the ticket-buyer's busi- We You wegive removed. you inside tips on how to build ness, a sound repeat business; how one of which is the Sweepstakes "One thing I want to make perfectly FREE BOOKLET •'Money Making others have succeeded in this Commission's business. profitable saw tiling business. They are (1) the clear," said Director Powers, "is that this I Facts" shows how to start. Write today. m0\m KsvMFG. COMPANY 239-4 Foley BIdg. use of the mails to order a ticket from No salesman will call- FnlrY program will not violate any existing fed- * Wfcti I IVIpls. 18. Minn. out of state through a friend in New eral or state law." LEARN Hampshire, and (2) the use of the mails He said that "federal statutes regard- by the Sweepstakes Commission to pay ing gambling violations have made spe- MEAT CUTTING off Train quickly in 8 short veeks the proceeds to any and all out-of- cific exceptions where states have legal- Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big pay, state winners. ized parimutuel programs and this cer- full-time Jobs—HA\E A PROFITAni.K MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after grraduation. Diploma given. Job help, An informal Post Office opinion given is reflection the intent tainly a of of Con- f Thousands of successful graduates. Our Send nuw for big. new to this magazine is that either transaction gress. I reaHze that we must establish illustrated FREE catalog. No ubligation, G. I. \pproved would be a postal violation. This would our program within the federal system of suggest that an individual ordering a which we are a part and all legal issues HOME-IMPORT ticket from out of state wishing to will carefully reviewed in this light." and be BUSINESS-A1afcefi;9Pro/if5 stay within the law should use telephone Another question that has been raised I New Drop Ship Plan offers and telegraph, or any means of private is how the state will be able to publicize you first day profits! Deal di- V rectwith overseas sources messenger service open to the results the at him. The of Sweepstakes drawings, prices shown. Daz- Sweepstakes Commission can, and will, and how will newspapers and other news «" zling bargains with iComplele no investment. Full explore in more depth through its at- media be able to print the results without 6 or spare time. Rush coupon below today torneys the Calendar problem of paying off running the risk of a violation of federal for FREE Book! _ Watch S2. 44 through the mail. If it is satisfied that it postal regulations. Electric 8mni Movie MELLINGER, Dept. M30ri Camera $4.40 would 1554SO. Sepulveda ! be illegal to pay off through the One of the more recent pronounce- details and Free book. Send t{o Monev Los Angeles 25, Calif. | mails it it will not do so, but also will ments by the Sweepstakes Commission I Mail FREE BOOK, "How to Import and E.xport" and , details FREE. No obligation. I have telegraphic and other means open was, in effect, that the matter of publiciz- NAME.... to it. ing the results would be something the ADDRESS. Requests to set up agencies in various news media would have to figure out cin ..ZONE STATE.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 45 THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SWEEPSTAKES through the mails. Such papers reached away. The state is one of the few that (Continued from page 45) their readers via the trucking routes. has neither a sales levy nor a general income tax. themselves. As far as the commission is Now what about the big Sweepstakes concerned, the results of the lottery Handicap on which the lottery will be This attitude clearly was the reason drawings will be posted at the race tracks based? why so many conservative New Hamp- and in all the state liquor stores. Already the word has gone out to the shire Republicans were willing to go Powers was asked this question by top-flight racing stables in the country along with the "Sweeps" idea. They newsmen after Ben F. Waple, secretary about the $ 1 25,000 Added "New Hamp- know they need more money from other to the Federal Communications Com- shire Sweepstakes" race that will be run sources to meet education costs before mission, advised radio broadcasters that "early in September" 1964. the tax burden on property owners be- an FCC ruling would prevent them from Gen. Mgr. Lou Smith of Rockingham comes almost confiscatory. Park inserted broadcasting the results, other than those has advertisements in the Under the provisions of the Sweep- various racing that are "newsworthy." journals informing horse- stakes law, all of the revenue derived men of the conditions for the race, the Under this rule, Waple told them. from the lottery—aside from that set entry fees, the deadlines, etc. Sweepstakes results can be broadcast aside for prizes—will be returned to the It will a race for only when they have "a news value in be three-year-olds cities and towns. The state treasurer will over a their own right and in which the lottery mile and three-sixteenths. It is make such disbursements to the local clearly the hope of the track oflficials to element is only incidental to a news- communities each December 15 on "a worthy event." And he cautioned that attract many of the top three-year-olds flat grant per resident pupil basis" and will "great care must be exercised in broad- who already have competed in such the money "shall be used for educational casting lottery information under the famous races as the Kentucky Derby, the purposes" and for no other purpose. guise of a news story." Preakness and the Belmont Stakes, all of The size and depth of the prizes has This, naturally, poses quite a problem which are for three-year-olds and are run not yet been determined. The formula not only for radio and TV stations un- in the spring or early part of the summer. will be geared to the total number of der the control of the FCC, but also for The timing of the New Hampshire tickets sold for each drawing. It is ex- newspapers which have long since Sweepstakes Handicap will be perfect pected, says Director Powers, that there walked a tightrope in disclosing detailed for them if they choose to enter it, and will be "hundreds" of prizes per draw- results of the Irish Sweepstakes. the purse will compare favorably, of ing and prizes to winners will run up to Postal regulations seem to be the ma- course, with the purses of other top a high of $100,000. jor headache for newspapers and maga- races. zines, but, as everyone knows, there has Why did New Hampshire decide to WILL THE Sweepstakes be successful? been no trouble writing newspaper pioneer in this unusual revenue scheme? Let's hear once more from New stories about the "big winner" in the Irish There's only one reason the Sweep- Hampshire's 45-year-old Governor King, Sweepstakes. Printing of the complete stakes law was enacted. The state needed obviously sensitive to charges that a state list of winners, however, is something more revenue to help ease the tax burden lottery is basically immoral: "I am con- else again, and has been treated very ten- on property owners and, over the years, fident it will be successful despite the derly by the press. the Legislature has successfully warded prophets of doom and gloom. There have been big city newspapers off all attempts to enact a sales tax. "These self-appointed guardians of which printed the complete list of win- Most political observers and politi- public morality who claim to have a di- ners, but the understanding is that copies cians are convinced, as well, that a New rect pipeline to Heaven would do well to of the papers that did so were not sent Hampshire sales tax is still many years re-examine their own sense of values.

"According to their dictates, it is highly immoral for the state to sell a $3 Sweepstakes ticket, but perfectly moral to saddle a widow or an aged couple with a sales tax.

"In signing the Sweepstakes bill I have been repeatedly denounced for 'following the people' instead of acting as their

savior, as it were, and rising above them.

"This brings to mind the letter I got from a dear old lady who was distressed at the fact that I delivered my Sweep- stakes message [to the Legislature] in front of the picture of George Washing- ton in Representatives Hall. 'How differ- ently Washington would have acted,' she declared. 'He would have been a leader.' "I didn't have the heart," said Gov. King, "to remind her that history reveals George, in addition to other fine qualities, was also an enthusiastic sweepstakes ticket buyer in his day."

New Hampshire is going ahead with the Sweepstakes, and all the questions

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 47 — —

HOW CAN WE SAVE OUR VANISHING WILDLIFE? (Continued from page 17) we'll need for those generations of up- fishery scientists were beginning to get stocks are hugely productive of young coming hunters. Michigan pheasant spe- some answers on natural production, the but Nature intended the great bulk of cialists calculated that it would take at effects of angling, and returns from these juveniles to be a food supply for least $50,000 worth of stocked birds per stocking. But no one had waited for an- their betters. As big fish feed, they put year to increase the kill as much as 2% swers; state, federal, and private hatch- on pounds to gladden the heart of the an- to 3%. Contrast that with "what comes eries were operating far and wide. There gler. As small ones are thinned out, there naturally" in good range in a year of was hardly a body of water from sea level is less competition for food and the sur- good weather, and it makes your head to the high Rockies which was not vivors plump up toward the day when swim. Those north .lersey farmlands are stocked. Some of this was all to the good, they too are big enough to be worth producing about a quarter of a million since many lakes of our western moun- catching. As fish are removed by hook wild pheasants a year. It still doesn't sat- tains had no native fish, and all they and line, there is room for more fish. isfy the demand created by some of the heaviest gun pressure on the continent, To GET THE size of this annual in- but adding "package" birds doesn't help crease, consider the bluegill, a natural much either. A. Heaton Underbill, "prey" species. An average female may

former state Fish and Game Director, lay 1 6,000 eggs. Production is lower in a told me categorically, "In New Jersey, predator fish like the bass, which might stocking of almost any type of game is lay half as many. Trout are still less pro- a waste of money." He mentioned further ductive, but they get the job done. that the heavy stocking on public hunt- According to explanations on trout ing grounds should be financed by an production by Wisconsin and Pennsyl- extra fee paid by those who shoot there. vania fishery men, it would be reasonable Both of these ideas are supported by to expect a pair of brook trout to turn other men of long experience in states out some 400 fry. This generation of where big cities and too many hunters young 'uns would be whittled down by result in trespass, disgruntled farmers, a 97% loss the first year and a 40% loss

and closed land. It is this situation that of the remainder the second year. That public shooting areas are designed to leaves a surplus of five legal two-year- help. olds to be taken by anglers and two fish to replace the original spawners—keep- BEN Glading, Chief of California's ing the population at the same level! Game Management Branch, has This natural numbers game explains been up to his ears in every kind of why hundreds of experiments with pheasant program over the past quarter marked fish have shown that stocking century. He pointed out to me the grow- fingerlings is no way to produce a big- ing function of private industry in pro- ger catch. The tiny fish make wonderful "When we were in here a while ago he for- ducing put-and-take shooting. The state statistics, but they don't fill the creel! got his pet snake. It was in a shoe box." now stocks about 20,000 pheasants —re- They get lost in an "expendable" natural THE AMERICAN IjEGION MAGAZINE stricted to southern CaHfornia, which is surplus that swamps the best efforts of not pheasant range. But private shooting needed was a breeding stock of the right the hatcheryman. This situation is now preserves are marketing nearly a quarter kind of trout to set the natural produc- widely understood by professional fish- of a million birds before the gun! tion line to operating. There's all the dif- ery people, and the stocking of finger- Private gunning ranges are mutiplying ference in the world between introduc- lings in waters that already support a near all our big population centers. They tory stocking in vacant habitat and the breeding population is on the way out. operate under special regulations over kind where you try to supply the annual To keep the record straight, there are long seasons, and many of them offer crop. kinds of fingerling stocking that do pay pass shooting at hand-reared mallards in As far as the public was concerned, off. For example, where cold-water lakes addition to several kinds of upland birds. fish management consisted in pouring out can be treated chemically to eliminate This can go far toward getting the states millions of fry and fingerlings into all unproductive fish populations (such as out of an expensive activity that siphons kinds of water. In the eyes of the angler, too-plentiful and stunted perch), stocked off manpower badly needed in their more each tender hatchling was converted into fingerling trout may grow to creel size in meaningful job of building up and man- a fighting two-pounder, and the vision a hurry. If spawning sites are missing,

aging wild game populations for maxi- opened his pocketbook even as it closed more stocking is in order. It's the kind mum production. his mind to other approaches. of operation where technical know-how The stocking of other kinds of game Fishery biologists found there was is applied to a specific situation to write quail, chukars. turkeys, rabbits—is more many a flaw in this thinking. In the first the prescription for better fishing. costly and even less efficient than the place, any particular water could sup- Today's big deal in trout stocking is states any fish "catchables." And on this subject you pheasant program, and few do port only a given poundage of ( per

of it. Since 1950 there has been a steady surface acre). Basically this depended on can get plenty of arguments. Some of the trend toward closure of state game farms water fertility, which was converted into nation's foremost authorities consider it and restrictions on all stocking. It's Uke- plant and animal life that became fish a costly way to produce substandard !y to continue as hunters become better food. On the same food supply you could sport for a few anglers. Others think it's informed. have lots of small fish or fewer large necessary, that the sport isn't so bad, and

Well, if this is true of upland game, ones. that the benefits are important to a lot of where do we stand on fish? It's an amaz- It takes big fish to make good fishing, city fishermen. ingly similar story: and studies of life in the water showed Depending on the circumstances, all In the decade before World War 2, how big fish come about. Natural fish (Continued on page 50)

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Today we still produce those small cocks and still leave enough for breed- production of creel-size trout by state fish, but they are furnishing the initial ing, but the ringneck pheasant is so cagey and federal hatcheries is about 20 mil- breeding (and catching) stock in new that anything approaching this harvest is lion. These fish weigh 4.8 million pounds. farm ponds and artificial lakes. They pay seldom possible. In most states, bag limits The production cost varies from 204 off handsomely. Probably IV2 million are needed to spread the "easy kill" of per pound to $1.80, and averages 89^. small impoundments have been built and opening day, but long seasons are often Naturally, the real cost depends on stocked under the guidance of profes- practicable. On my desk this morning is how many are caught. Follow-ups of sional help in federal and state agencies. an attractive brochure from "Nebraska- planted fish show that even the largest The latest turn of events is that recrea- land" which advertises the "nation's long- sizes of propagated trout have a high loss tion has become respectable in the pro- est pheasant season," from October 6 to rate after they are on their own in a gram of the Department of Agriculture. January 26, with a daily limit of four stream. The sooner you bring heavy an- get A landowner can now cost sharing and a possession limit of 20. Nebraska gling pressure to bear, the more of these has a big pheasant surplus which can be planted fish pay off. Put catchables into offered to non-residents, and thereby a wilderness stream with little fishing, bring in benefits to the game fund and and the number caught will be inconse- the tourist business. These regulations quential. Turn them into a pool below are nothing for New Jersey to copy, but a bridge near a city, and the fish come adapting rules to fit specific situations is out fast—maybe nine out of ten. good, scientific management. Planting catchables willy-nilly on a large scale can be a sorry drain on a state's entire program. Longtime fishery RESEARCH HAS showu that quail, other scientist Paul R. Needham estimated grouse, rabbits, and most "up- annual kill of at that 65% to 85% of most state budgets land" game can take an pre-hunting with- for game fish went for trout propagation. least half the numbers crop. It Yet only a minority of anglers fished for out cutting down the next year's is to that in most hunting ranges, trout, and of those who did, the 10% safe say who were "experts" caught over half the the kill isn't that high. We should keep in fish! mind that migratory birds are a different matter. With undisturbed Arctic breed- Nonetheless, there is heavy demand ing ranges, geese have held up reasonably for stocking, and without it many streams shooting, and this is near big cities would furnish no trout well under heavy true of some ducks. But drainage and fishing at all. Special trout stamps or li- drouth have hit prairie-nesting ducks censes make it possible for the put-and- series of good years, the take angler to pay for his own show, and hard. In a should show an "age on this basis many administrators con- "I've finally gotten around to fixing that sportsman's bag ratio" of about four "old" birds (last sider it justified. In an experimental "city squeaky step." spring's breeders) to six young. Recent fishing" program, California is stocking THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE samples of mallards in the Midwest have 1 8 favorably situated lakes and streams shown less than one young per adult, where a daily fee is charged. This pays on a pond that he builds simply for wild- well represent disaster condi- all costs and leaves a surplus for im- life or fishing. In the farm pond program, which can provements. the soil, water, and fishery "experts" tions. Almost any shooting of mallards this situation probably is "overshoot- Even if this kind of operation in- have put a lot of sport where there was in creases substantially around population none before—and they have only begun. ing." Sportsmen would do well to accept restrictions, but pressure- centers, the fact remains that wild fish In facing the awesome prospect of a any necessary has the in wild streams will furnish the great doubling human population and a tri- group opposition to change been management. bulk of our trout fishing. And most pro- pling demand for more hunting and fish- bane of waterfowl fessionals agree with a remark made by ing, our fish and game agencies can see Pressure groups have also cost deer Vermont's Fish and Game Director, their big challenge in three phases: (1) hunters a world of sport in many states. George W. Davis, "We feel that the best protecting and using to full advantage On the average, about 35% of most deer thing you can do for a good trout stream what we already have; (2) restoring and herds in the fall will be the young of the is to keep the hatchery trucks away from salvaging game and fish resources that year. This is the size of the yearly incre- it." have been degraded; (3) creating new ment, and that many deer are being lost productive ranges for wildlife, fish, and annually if the herd is not increasing. IF WE HANDLED our Conservation affairs people. In actual practice there are plenty Studies from coast to coast indicate that the way a big business works, the an- of projects which involve all of these 25% of the pre-hunting-season herd is swer to a stocking problem or any other objectives. a reasonable and desirable kill. It's rea- management question would come from Hunting and fishing regulations are a sonable because it leaves plenty of lee- the research worker. The facts would protective device, and such rules have way for natural losses. It's desirable be- then be applied by the management crew, been the subject of a lot of fact finding. cause taking a quarter of any herd in the first on a small scale and later on a large Often enough, it has been discovered fall cuts down browsing pressure and scale as they were proved. Actually, we that we were over protecting and wasting deer losses on the winter range. It pro- are set up to do this, although some a part of the annual crop the sportsman tects the food supply that must go on states are ahead of others in applying could take. supporting future crops of deer. scientific methods. There is steady im- Pheasant hunting studies leave no The catch is that you seldom take provement everywhere. doubt that if only cocks are shot, the big more than 10% of a herd under a law Consider the situation 20 years ago, bird that we imported from China in (Continued on page 52)

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I now have no disease, illness, nor physical or mental ailments. If exception, give full details, on separate paper. in World War II. Sign Here X_ If You Want Free Policies For Other Members Of Your Family, Make Coupon Like Above For Each, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 51 VANISHING WILDLIFE ing and straightening the channel for through the Federal Aid in Fish and Restoration (Continued from page 50) quick runoff, bulldozing banks, and gen- Wildlife programs. The new erally devastating the habitat of trout and money goes to state fish and game de- forbids shooting does. States with which fishermen. Often the game and fish ad- partments for projects which will help this regulation are under-harvest- kind of ministrator can't talk convincingly to the to stimulate employment in rural areas. ing their deer, which commonly means governor or the highway commissioner, Congress is currently considering the winter ranges big over-populated and but an alert state sportsmen's federation "Land and Water Conservation Fund" losses malnutrition and disease. from can. proposal which would provide an esti- of deer have been dras- Natural enemies Admittedly, we are late in the game to mated $150 million annually to be used tically reduced, and at the time we same keep much natural scenery in many built- in the improvement of recreation facili- are getting much more deer-producing up areas. Plans to rescue the remaining ties on federal lands and waters, as well country as a result of cutting and brush openings as relaxing space for crowded as grants-in-aid to states for the same grazing. If the hunter can't take the crop people are getting plenty of study in the purpose. The money would come back sexes, Nature takes it by shooting both national and state capitols. Even in less through user fees charged in the areas the hard way. populated regions, additions to national concerned. parks, wildlife refuges, and recreation It's also high time for a look at the laws SITUATION is firm evidence that THIS areas are having rough going. Prices are governing the management and use of game commissions ought to have full on the way up, and private interests are our public land estate—which is the na- authority to set seasons and bag limits multiplying. Every state has a federal aid tion's outdoor playground. At the 1963 and to change regulations when needed. program of land acquisition and develop- North American Wildlife and Natural When pressure groups will not accept ment for public game areas and fishing Resources Conference, President Ira N. scientific evidence and instead go to the sites. Through his federal excise taxes Gabrielson of the Wildlife Management legislature to have their own ideas and license fees, the sportsman has been Institute pointed out the great urgency enacted into law, they are working paying the bill for land and water that is of holding onto and getting more use against themselves. Yes, it's happening. getting intensive year-round use by the from these public areas. Said Dr. Ga- This has been a recurring device to pre- entire public. Interior Department sta- brielson, "In the horse-and-buggy situa- vent adequate deer harvests in states tistics indicated that in 1962 the nation's tion of the national land reserve, it is where the shooting of antlerless deer is hunters and fishermen contributed $143 easier for one man or one corporation a big issue. million to finance state and federal wild- to get hold of a choice recreation area An even more basic protective func- life conservation efforts. under a bogus mining claim than it is tion of public game management But time is running out, and this an- for a family to find a picnic table." agencies is the prevention of further nual tax income isn't doing the big job. losses and damage to wildlife-producing The urgency of land buying and more us HOPE that the sixties will be ranges. In this they frequently need help LET recreation areas is behind a $75 million known to future generations as the from the sportsman himself. We still bond issue in New York State. Wiscon- decade when the sportsmen of America have not stopped the publicly sponsored sin has a 1 (i-a-pack cigarette tax that is were finally awakened to the job to be drainage of wetlands that is destroying giving a boost to the program. Moves done, the science that can work for them, waterfowl habitat on the northern prairie are on the way in other states. The 87th and the means they have of putting hunt- breeding ground and in the stopover and Congress passed the Accelerated Public ing, fishing, and other kinds of outdoor wintering areas of these fowl farther Works Act, and immediately made some recreation on a firm footing. south. Either we will stop this drainage $6 million of the funds available to the The rewards are for now and for all binge, or waterfowl will continue on the Interior Department for allocation time to come— it's worth it. the end long decline. In the case of coastal marshes, they are also the nursery waters for many a marine fishery, which, if more thoroughly studied and managed, could furnish a world of sport. Likely enough, better opportunities of this kind could get the mind of my New Jersey friend off hatchery trout. A hard-driving campaign to clean up the water-pollution mess could help keep the decent waters we have and restore a vast acreage of lakes, streams, bays, and inlets that have long since ceased to support fish or recreation of any kind. By insisting on this we could open up waters right where they are needed most—in regions of shut-in sportsmen and shut- out wildlife. Game and fish administrators find their programs under perpetual harass- ment by the forces of "progress." They can send out crews to make management plans for a lake, then find the fish-pro-

ducing shallows obliterated by a land fill for real estate. They can spend money to improve miles of a trout stream, only to have highway engineers build a new road down the valley, lopping off whole oxbows to be left dry and dead, deepen-

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North CARTOONING & COMMERCIAL ART American, Box Fox River Illinois. 77-DB, Grove, "HOW TO MAKE MONEY WITH SIMPLE CARTOONS" EARN MONEY raising fishworms for usi Backyard, garagel A book everyone who likes to draw should have. It is free; Exciting details freel Oakhaven-10, Cedar Hill, Texas, — no obligation. Simply address Cartoonists' Exchange, Dept. Weekly Clipping for $25.00-$75.00 Newspaper Items Pub- 1352, Pleasant Hill, Ohio lishers. Some worth $10.00 each. Details free. Graham's, 1255-GN, Englewo od, C olora do 80110 LOANS BY MAIL DRUG SUNDRIES. Nationally advertised brands. Vitamins, BORROW $100 to $1000. Get a secret Money-by-Mail loan etc. Write for FREE catalog. Federal Pharmacal Supply, Inc., to pay off old bills . . . consolidate debts. Everything is between you and Dial. VVith a Dial loan get the cash you need . . Dept. 0_M-2, 6652 North Western Avenue, Chica go 45, Illinois . fasti Everything sent in a plain envelope. Not even your mail- HOME MArLORDER BUSINESS— Raising Fishworms and man can tell. No co-signers. Repay in convenient, monthly crickets. Free Literature. Carter Garde ns, Plains, G eorgia, payments . . . take up to 30 months: $5.90 repays $100; $17.71 SALESMEN WANTED repays $300; $28.54 repays $500; $36.89 repays $800; $44.89 MAKE BIG MONEY taking orders for Stark DWARF Fruit repays $1,000. Get the money you need ... fast ... Write Trees. Everybody can now grow Giant Size Apples, Peaches, for information today! No obligatloni DIAL FINANCE CO., Pears in their yards. Also Shade Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Dept. 2-102, 401 Kittredge BIdg., Denver, Colorado, 80202. SCREW & NUT driver fits any electric drll etc. Outfit FREE. Stark Bro's, Desk30124 Louisiana, Missouri. LOANS by Airmail. $100-$600 anywhere. Confidential. Signa- for screw, nut and bolt driving. Powerful SENSATIONAL NEW longer-burning Light Bulb. Amazing ture only. Write Union Finance, Dept. MQG, 323 E. Camel- non-slip Industrial-type clutch, special bit Free Replacement Guarantee— never agam buy light bulbs. back. Phoenix, Arizona. holders prevent bits from running off No competition. Multi-million dollar market yours alone. REAL ESTATE screwheads. Incl. 2 bits, holders for #4-14 Make small fortune even spare time. Incredibly quick sales. VACATION LANDS: Full price $385.00. 40 slotted screws, Phillips bit, 6 hex and 2 Free sales kit. Merlite (Bulb Div.), 114 E. 32nd, Dept. C-74S, CANADIAN month. Suitable cottage sites, hunting, fishing, New York 16. acres, $10 square socket wrenches with holder. $6.95 investment. Free Information. Land Corporation, 3768-F ADVERTISING to local businesses ppd. ARCO TOOLS, INC., Dept. A1-2P, 421 SELL MATCHBOOKS Bathurst, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. No experience needed—powerful sales kit free. Part, full- W. 203 Street, New York 34, New York. time. Match Corporation of America, Dept. EX-24, Chicago 32. INVENTIONS WANTED Make extra money introducing new Run-less Seamless Nylons Inventions needed immediately for manufacturers. For addi- at amazing low direct-from-mill price, 59c a pair! Friends snap tional information write Kessler Corporation, C-922, Fremont, them up by the dozen. Write for free sample stocking and kit. Ohio.

American Hosiery Mills, Djpt._201, Indiana polis, Indiana. INVENTIONS wanted : patented, unpatented. Global Market- SALESMEN-DEALERS ing Service, 2420- L 77th, (Dakjand 5, California. SALESMEN, DEALERS; Increase your present earnings new CRAFTS & SUPPLIES line of products, fast moving, easily sold to service stations, SKIL-CRAFTS New '64 catalog. Largest and finest selection variety stores, drug stores, etc. Perfect additional line or new of Leathercraft, Artist, Hobby-Craft supplies in the world. venture. Complete information on request. JAY JAY Enter- Free Gift with first order. Send 50c. Refundable with first 110 STAMPS lOOyg prises, 123 Harvard Street, Colorado S prings, Colorado. order. Skil-Crafts, Bo x 105-A , Joplin , Mi ssouri. HELP WANTED SUMMER CAMPS INCLUDING INVESTIGATE FIRES STORM DAMAGE, ACCIDENTS GIVE a summer vacation at Camp, for an underprivileged FOR INSURANCE COMPANIES—Pays up to $1,000 a child. Send your donation to American Legion Children's DIAMONDS AND month, part or full time. No college necessary. Car furnished; Camp of New York County, Inc. P. O. Box 2120 Church expense paid. We train you at home in spare time. Keep Street Station, New York, N. Y. 10008. TRIANGLES 4 present job until ready to switch. Pick your location. Men STAMP COLLECTING badly needed now. Full information FREE. Write Liberty School, Dept. C-951, 1139 W. Park, Libertyville, Illinois Genuine round mint Tonga Gold Coin stamp included In fabulous 44 Pictorial British Colonies collection for 10c ap- Yes, only a dime brings Directory of Foreign-U.S.A. job possibilities. Most occupations proya[s included. Darling' s, Rockville, M aryland. you tliese fabulous diamonds up to $1600.00 monthly. Often free transportation. Benefits. triangles—singles & set^ I 1924 & Money back guarantee. Send $1.50 ($2.00 airmail), C.O.D.'s OLD STAMPS W/ANTED. will pay $200.00 each for \ 1c green Franklin stamps, rotary perforated eleven (up to —plus Anrola "Coat of Arms", accepted. International Employment, B2, Box 22038, Indian- Hungary "Ships", many apolis 22, In diana. $2000.00 each unused). Send 20c for large illustrated folders Malaya "Palm Tree", showing amazing prices paid for old stamps, coins, collections. for hours of fun and pleasure. Exciting ACTUAL JOBS OPEN, U.S., Europe, South America, Far more Vincent 85 BT-12 Bronx, New York 10458. different stamps from all over East. Travel paid. Write only. Employment Information Cen- collection of 110 to introduce our ter. Room 915, 739 Boylston Street, Bost on, Massachu setts. COINS —yours postpaid for only 10^ Bargain Approvals. Act now and receive Midget EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION-OPPORTUNITIES 15 Different Foreign Banknotes $1.00. Confederate Banknote of Collecting at no extra $1.00. Lists 10c. Americana Gallery, 810 East Broward, Fort Encyclopedia Stamp TREMENDOUS^OPPORTUNITIES— U.S.A.—Overseas— charge. Your satisfaction guaranteed. Choose Jobs — Locations— Transportation —Free Details. Lauderdale, Florida. OCCUPATIONS, International Airport, Box 100-K11, Jamaica AUTOMOBILES Illlllllllll 30, N. Y. SENSATIONALI TOP-QUALITY 1963 FORDS & DODGES, Send 10t Today. Ask For Lot GU-19 Work For U. S. Government. Good pay plus fringe benefits. $895. Low delivery charge, $35 (includes all road costs). ZENITH CO., 81 Willoughby, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201 Send $1.00 for five monthly issues containing Federal Job 4-door ex-taxi sedans, 6-cylinder, automatic, excellent condi- Examinations. Civil Service Reporter, 330 Newberry, Boston tion. Perfect for second car, home, college student, business, 15, Massachusetts. farm, even re-sale for profits. Phone or write. Emkay Motor ARMS & AMMUNITION Sales, Dept. 25-N, 1046 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. (212) Lster 7-0651. rk's larg est used fleet wholesalers. FREE GUN CATALOG. New, 20-page catalog contains pic- U New Yo tures, specifications and prices of Marlin Guns for 1964... GOVERNMENT SURPLUS 35 different models of rifles all and shotguns in . . . at prices Jeeps $64.50, airplanes %75.20, boats $6.18. Many others BE ranging from $17.95 to $126.95. This comprehensive catalog direct from U. S. Government. For complete "Directory" and gives you all the information select needed to the best gun for catalog send $1.00 to Quality Surplus, Dept. B2, Box 23, anybody . . . young or old . . . novice or marksman . . . target- Greensburg, Penn s ylvania. shooter or big game hunter. You'll also learn why America's SONG POEMS-MUSIC finest marksmen and huntsmen . . . . agree "you pay less . TALLER and get more from a Marlin." For your free copy, write SONGPOEMS AND SONGS WANTEDI Mail to: Tin Pan Dept. 268 .. . THE MARLIN FIREARMS CO., New Haven 2, Alley, Inc., Box 405, Radio City Station, New York 19, N. Y . Connecticut, U.S.A. BY 2 FULL POEMS NEEDED for songs. Rush poems. Crown Music, OF INTEREST TO WOMEN 49- AM West 32, New York 1. INCHES! NYLONS Hosiery Ladies, all sizes, shades, mail $2, 20 pairs. PERSONAL-MISCELLANEOUS Newmax. 1348 Sout h St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1000 EMBOSSED BUSINESS CARDS—Black $2.95, Red/ Slip these foam rubber and felt Height In- YOUR CHURCH OR GROUP can raise $50.00 and more, Black $3.95. F. A. Skinner, Bluff City, Tenn. In any pair of shoes. Now, step easy and fast. Have 10 members each sell only twenty 50c crease Pads THEATRICAL COSTUMES; Rubber, Leather, Satin, etc. 2" packages my lovely luxurious Prayer Grace Table Napkins. into them to added walking comfort and Brochure deductible first order. OLYMPIA, Keep $50 for your treasury. No money needed. Free Samples. Illustrated $1.00, Brooklyn York. In height. The same height Increase as ex- Anna Wade, Dept. 33AC, Lynchbjjrg,_ya. 126-QM, 18, New amazing average race day profit with $50, shown with increasing shoes. These In- BEAUTY DEMONSTRATORS—To $5.00 hour demon- $130 pensive height 25 years results in remarkable book. All tracks: Horses, strating Famous Hollywood Cosmetics, your neighborhood. visible, Interchangeable cushions need no Harness, Dogs. Hitchings, Box 5715-O M, Carmel, California. For free samples, details, write Studio Girl, [Jepartment gluing and are an aid to better posture. 56C41, GlendalB, California 91209. ADVE RTISERS-AGENCIES Durable and shock absorbing. Thousands now HOME TYPING—$75 Weekly Possiblel Details, $1.00 (Re- You are reading the Classified Section of one of the Nation's fundable). Research Enterprises, 29-FBX Samoset Road, most responsive markets. These Classified ads are shopped worn. State man's or woman's shoe size. Woburn, Massachusetts by millions of people who respond to Opportunity. For details INDUSTRIES, EARN up to $2.00 hour sewing ready cut materials. Babygay, write CLASSIFIED, Dept. A-3, 100 East Ohio St., Chicago 11, Only $2.95 pair, ppd. HUDSON Warsaw 40, Indiana. Illinois. Dept. AL-24, 550 Fifth Ave., New York 36, N.Y. 56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 .

This section is presented as a

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TOP SECRET exclusive formula gives natural looking color to grey or faded hair. Easy to use, no mixing, applied like a "tonic." Not a rinse or dye; will not streak or injure MADE niOO ON hair; will not wash out. $5.00 for 6 oz. plastic container; king size 13 oz. $9.00 ppd. ALBIN OF CALIFORNIA, Rm. 24-61P, ONE JOB 3100 Vanowen St., Burbank, Calif. Some make more, some less . . We help you start Your Own AII-YeorBusiness Make BIG Money! G.H.Jones made $1200 on one school job with our highly efficient wall M J % „ washer which cleans walls 6 Rush reply today. Big value collection, historic Canadian times faster and better than Commemorative Stamps given FREE! Choice, scarce stamps by hand. No special skill...

issued over the years. Many large size, multi-colors including small investment . . . operate from home. Customers offices, schools, those shown PLUS other colorful, historic issues. All genu- everywhere—homes, churches, hotels, etc. Enjoy independence . . . free from layoffs ine, all different. Rush name, address for this free offer and and bosses. VKRITE TODAY for FREE booklet that tells other stamps on approval. Include for handling. 10c the whole profit story. WILLIAMS STAMP CO .Dept. AL2C, St. Stephen.N.B .Canada VON SCHRADER MFG. CO. • 217 "W" PI.. Racine, Wis.

U.S. GOV'T SURPLUS SELLING FOR ONLY A FRACTION OF ORIGINAL COST! ^AUPirJHOUSANDS OF ITEMS AVAILABLE FOR ONLY 2c AND 3c EXAMPLES: fuK Jeeps $117.00 ""^ = DOLLAR. DIRECT FROM GOVERNMENT Typewriters $8.79 Radios $2.65 Boats $178.00 = Mrs. Frederick Johnson Airplanes $159.00 - 2216 South 23rd Ave. Bicycle $5.50 = West Highland Pa^»^ Leather = Anytown, KansasgOgigj Boots 65c 1 Carbines $20.00 Telescope $4.00 Labels with your "ZIP" CODE! Pass. Bus $208.00 Dept. AL-2 Refrigerator $5.00 Surplus Borgoins, Power Mower $7.50 - FREE! FREE! FREE!:' °; J*;; Mimeograph $23.00 encloie $1.00. Send both calologi immedialely. LABELS 50( Ko ^- 4." . . . ^7'; S.parat« 52 page section with pMur; and Rich Gold Trim — Free Plastic Box Generators $2.68 ^ndentand that my money will be refunded M om not completely lalisfied. Alio I will receive and thousands more'. ^'IIVJJ ^J'^.Hl?'* S> Start using the new ZIP code numbers on your l'*" full refund with firil order of $10.00 on fl , r . "o my PLUS a liil of 1000 loca- $1.00A for the lurplus catolog. Exomplei: return address labels (the Post Office will tell you 'more tions where you con Ammunition Boots your number). name, address and ZIP code ANY purchase turplus Holsters Siiverworo Name Hand beautifully printed in black on white gummed on the spot! Tentt Tools Grenades paper with rich gold trim. Up to 4 lines. 2" long. Address Full Details- Boott Gun Racks Set of 500 labels in plastic box, just 50c. Ppd. How. Where to Combat and Fast service. Money back guarantee. Knlvei Hundreds :City_ -Stole Buy Only $1.00 Mine Detector* More Send for free catalog. AA^Hfkr rtralro 5502-3 Drake BIdg. FULL PURCHASE PRICE OF $1.00 REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER OF $10.00 OR MORE^ vailCl UiatiX; Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 57 OF MICE AND MEN Winning Answer PARTING At home this guy is a Mouse who bows In every way to the way of his spou,se. But, outside, he acts like a Dominant Male And gets his own weigh—on a penny scale.

Secret Weapon SHOTS Now here is one of the strong-willed gents Who wins in conjugal arguments. With the Last Word stated in accents clear, "Of course, you are perfectly right, my dear." Berton Bralev

ETC., ETC. A politician's promise is a group of words that has stood the acid test of time and again. Dan Bennett SUCCESS STORY Any stranger will lend You a hand in distress.

But it takes a real friend To forgive your success. Ethel Jacobson UNBORROWED There's a sign on a girl's closet in a nearby sorority house which reads—"No Dresspassing." Gil Stern

SUCH IS LIFE Life is less a bowl of cherries, "Okay, I guess you've got time for one cigarette." Optimists please note. Than owning a suit with two pair of pants And burning a hole in the coat! SEW WHAT? Thomas Usk A woman who was very active in club and charity work came home one evening to find her husband busily engaged in darning a pair of EVERY ZIP HELPS his own socks. She watched him for a minute and then said: "You men Husbands are often asked to help zip think you know everything, but you never learn. You've got that thimble up wives, but now everybody's being on the wrong finger." asked to help zip up the mails! "I know," replied the husband grimly. "It should be on yours!" Norma McLain Stoop Hfrm Albright GULP! PROPER AND FITTING To swallow those angry \Vords may be best When teen-age Jerry's two unmarried aunts from the city visited In his family at their farm home for the weekend, his mother suggested spite of the fact that they all go for a hike and picnic in the nearby woods. However, That they're hard to digest! May Richstone it developed that the guests had brought no suitable clothes for such an outing. "My clothes are too big," said the plumpish hostess, "but I'm sure Jerry's— dungarees and shirts will fit you." Turning to her son, she said "You wouldn't mind if the girls wore your jeans, would you?" "Well, I'm not so sure," grinned Jerry with feigned reluctance. "I've never had aunts in my pants before." David O. Flynn

DOWN TO THE SEA IN QUIPS Two New Yorkers vacationing in .South C:arolina were caught in a sudden storm as they fished a few miles oil shore. A Coast Guard cutter drew alongside their boat and found them huddled like half-drowned rats against the witid and rain. Taking them aboard, the Coast Guardsmen reported to the shore station: "Nobody hurt, sir. Just a couple of damp Yankees." Al Spong

FAMILY TRAIT The Sunday School teacher suddenly stopped reading a passage in the Bible and asked the youngsters: "Why do you believe in God?" She got a variety of answers, some full of simple faith, others obviously insincere. One of her pupils happened to be the son of a minister. "Tell me. Master Jones," she said, "why do you believe in God?" "I guess," he answered apologetically, "it just runs in our family." "Don't hesitate to stop in and free-load F. G. Kernan again anytime."

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1964 !

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