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Departmental Papers (Classical Studies) Classical Studies at Penn

2014 Naming Names, Telling Tales: Sexual Secrets and Greek Narrative Sheila Murnaghan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation (OVERRIDE) “Naming Names, Telling Tales: Sexual Secrets and Greek Narrative,” in Mark Masterson, Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz and James Robson, eds. Sex in Antiquity: Exploring Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World, London: Routledge, 2014: 260-277.

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/85 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naming Names, Telling Tales: Sexual Secrets and Greek Narrative

Abstract As Creusa finds the courage to reveal her long-concealed union with Apollo, Euripides aligns the powerful narrative at the heart of his Ion with the disclosure of a sexual secret. Such disclosures make good stories, interesting in part for their sexual content, but even more, I suggest, for the circumstances that lead to their telling. As Peter Brooks argues in Reading for the Plot, narratives engage us in the desires of their characters, which we follow through a trajectory of frustration and fulfillment, propelled by a corresponding passion for knowledge. Among the strongest of those desires, more powerful even than erotic longing or material ambition, is the wish to tell one’s own story, “the more nearly absolute desire to be heard, recognized, listened to” (Brooks 1984: 53), so that narratives often include an account of their own origin in a character’s quest for recognition. But a story like Creusa’s can only be told after a difficult struggle with fear and shame, which have to be overcome before one party in a sexual encounter breaks the bond of silence to reveal what had been a shared and exclusive secret.

Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Classics

This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/85 ch15 fmtaiy neulivsmn nslneta eoestctaqisec nteblneof balance the in acquiescence tacit betokens female. that and silence clandestine male in and between investment illicit power equal when an as open mutuality: and of sanctioned when so much oeflnraiea h er fhis of heart the at narrative powerful Creusa As hs eie,mr oeflee hneoi ogn rmtra miin stews otell to wish the is ambition, material or frustration longing of erotic trajectory than a even one’ through powerful follow more we desires, which the those characters, for in their suggest, argues of I ful Brooks more, desires and Peter even the As but in telling. content, us their sexual engage to their for lead part that in circumstances interesting stories, good make xoueo eulsce nele n nbe h artv,epann t eei and genesis its explaining narrative, the the enables which and in historiography, underlies to secret tragedy, sexual to de hymn, a from of of literature, bond exposure Greek the secret. classical breaks exclusive and encounter and archaic sexual shared a a in been party had one what before reveal overcome to be silence to have which shame, rcl ihteml stedmnn partner. de dominant by the always as were male relationships such the stressed, with have trical, sexuality Greek ancient di of gendered which in relationships, character a Creusa in origin like own their story of a account an But include often recognition. narratives that so 53), 1984: AIGNMS ELN TALES TELLING NAMES, NAMING fi hsdsuso ocrsacut fhtrsxa nonesars ag fgne in genres of range a across encounters heterosexual of accounts concerns discussion This igismtvto.Teeacut rn u h rcypwrdnmc fheterosexual of dynamics power tricky the out bring accounts These motivation. its ning w story, own s fi ω ευ n eelahde union? hidden a off reveal cast and I silent? can stay how I But can how soul, My πω ˜ , let rple yacrepnigpsinfrkolde mn h togs of strongest the Among knowledge. for passion corresponding a by propelled llment, , ˜ ψυχά, νάς fi ςδε d h org orva e ogcnelduinwt plo uiie lgsthe aligns Euripides Apollo, with union long-concealed her reveal to courage the nds , ̀ eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual αι κτα α σκοτίας (Euripides, πω , δου “ ˜ h oenal bouedsr ob er,rcgie,lsee to” listened recognized, heard, be to desire absolute nearly more the σιγάσω ς ˜ ςδ ’ , α να , πολει Ion f ; ήνω 859 shame f θω – ˜ ff 61) ; rne r usmdi eiaeeulbim sscholars As equilibrium. delicate a in subsumed are erences hiaMurnaghan Sheila ’ a nyb odatradi a after told be only can s Ion ihtedslsr fasxa ert uhdisclosures Such secret. sexual a of disclosure the with 15 260 2 u h atta hywr loprivate also were they that fact the But edn o h Plot the for Reading ffi – utsrgl ihfa and fear with struggle cult tefidctsa element an indicates itself fi 1 iinasymme- nition narratives , ’ us for quest s (Brooks – as ch15 ocuthstermed has Foucault παλαιου hi eainhp yblzdb h moal eps n eue yPenelope by secured and bedpost immovable the by symbolized relationship, their arae dsesadPnlp r o qa npwro potnt,nraete held they are nor opportunity, or sexual power of in standard equal same not the are to Penelope and Odysseus marriage. eti hi araeadi h xlsv ossino hi oshl.Terieult is inequality Their household. their of possession exclusive the in by and softened marriage their in ment i ntal eutn oat tta on,h at ohv e ihher with sex have to wants he point, that at act; to reluctant initially him sett h em fhrmarriage. her of terms the to assent (briefl there together Penelope and seus νυ er,te rwteriptsfo,i oecssteasrino oe,i tesits others in power, be of to assertion order the in cases some shame male in overcome between from, who relations resistance. impetus contested characters and more their of exposure settled, draw voices less they the to heard, point incorporating secret female; sexual and a of breaking the rgeso artv.Tesatn on fteato stearp moiino desire, of imposition abrupt the ( is desire action sweet the casts of Zeus formulations: point crisp starting several The in narrative. recounted a of the progress in as accounts, such elaborated when more Only generate Aphrodite poems. they that to catalogue do indispensable Hymn extended patterns and in expected frequent together disrupt so lumped matings events be genealogy, can heroic occurrences of individual especially and mythology Greek Aphrodite 9 oAnchises to 69) srpdfradmto vrabodepneo pc:serse (σεύατ rushes she space: of expanse broad a over motion forward rapid is e a wfl ( swiftly way her nw h eainhpbtente a hthsatosipid(161 implied actions his what was them between relationship the knew, o aho hmtedi the whom of each for a enboe:tesce fAphrodite of secret the broken: been has nhss( Anchises ecie napeitv eal rwe ya seto fAnchises of assertion Aphrodite an takes by Anchises crowned initiative. detail, the appreciative seizes in male described the and human play, ordinary ( hand into of comes conditions conven- a marriage) di on fabricated human set with gender these to sights expected Under according her the arises. which, with intercourse, appropriately in princess, Phrygian desire setting a female the being tions, anticipating about marriage, tale false conducted a properly spins she humans; matched otli o rvctv oke ne rp.Bfr hyhv e,Ahoie norder in Aphrodite, sex, have they Before wraps. under keep Anchises to overcome provocative to too is mortal ˜ ν hseulbimcnb eni the in seen be can equilibrium This The My u eaeol napsto ob agtu nti owr rgesbcueacon a because progress forward this in up caught be to position a in only are we But 5) hs w rso eiecneg stepi hng obdtogether. bed to go then pair the as converge desire of arcs two These 151). , όπςτ νμτςθ γναμπτάς τε πόρπας λυ όμνμνοι μέν κόσμον οι ˜ , άεχε λάβε ̀ εδ οι δέ σε fi ˜ ynt Aphrodite to Hymn δ s xmlsivletoemtnso osadmrasta r ai lmn of element basic a are that mortals and gods of matings those involve examples rst ’ θεσμόν ε ’ , ΄ ε , er;seflsi oe( love in falls she heart; s ο ε ρος πει homophrosynê ˜ ιρα ̀ , ο ’ ˜ ι ώη ι ζώνην υ ˜ ρ , , , 1 n emoe tef(4)atrsehsde has she after (144) itself reimposes and 91) λεν, , εένευ λεχέων ν 5)adsefloshmt h e,weeh nrse e.Ti rcs is process This her. undresses he where bed, the to him follows she and 155) , u.Hrapaac hr nprsacmlmnaytaetr as trajectory complementary a inspires there appearance Her hut. ίμ . “ , ’ f h iulo hi ogtnigbed longstanding their of ritual the ertcnen hi araebd u tsigni it but bed, marriage their concerns secret s πρω α eone hog h oe eahro a rritual: or law a of metaphor sober the through recounted y “ 7 hog h lus hnsearvso d,sege tagt(ι straight goes she Ida, on arrives she when clouds; the through 67) , ’ ˜ h tlzto fa culdissymmetry. actual an of stylization the , δε elfuddcuin eat hi eainhpa n ewe well- between one as relationship their recasts caution, well-founded ο α τον ff ̀ rlkns fmn,o hc h ro sasae secret. shared a is proof the which of mind, of likeness or euiul lutae h oncinbtensxa eieadthe and desire sexual between connection the illustrates beautifully ’ rnilbtenAphrodite between erential ει ΄ ε , , ΄ αασιγαλόεντα ματα , , οήω ε ποιήτων ια άυά εκαι τε κάλυκάς λικας πο ̀ fi χροο eiy u hyaestaataduie ya qa invest- equal an by united and apart set are they but delity, eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual η , ff ράσατ ̀ rnil(led nrdcdtruhhrfindconcern feigned her through introduced (already erential ςε , 4 πέβησαν ˜ ι , ’ λε reiett a enrvae ybt participants, both by revealed been has identity true s hi hrdatcmn otebdeff bed the to attachment shared Their ’ Odyssey’ 7;dsr ezshr( her seizes desire 57); , f αεινόν 261 , searlyandde ̀ , ο ΄ , ρμους ’ ttsa ods n Anchises and goddess a as status s ” [ . Od. 326) u h tblt of stability the but 23.296]), ” fi ι ΄ ι ΄ 5 , fl , εο ε μερον εο ε μερος iieacuto nideal an of account nitive ce h obsta make that doubts the ected artvsegnee by engendered Narratives ’ fi noec:a a she as far as innocence: – ’ s o htte do they what not es, 6 oTo,making Troy, to 66) , 7). , “ ΄ ˜ ι 5 3 into 53) 45, μβαλε, , ih now right 7.Teresult The 57). λεν, cswhat ects eros ” ’ λέκτροιο swilling 3 ( Homeric fi αυ Odys- dence ’ seizes , , τίκα θύς sa as ’ s , ch15 Cytherea “ ht nhsonacut prdt ol rfrt aesprse.Tersl sadouble- a is result The suppressed. glori have to once prefer at Anchises’ would which parallels Aphrodite Aphrodite that hymn, with account, faith edged narrative own bad his his of ending position 4). on by a n. that, in 2013: but himself Schein gossip, puts of 243; human he feature 2010: from that (Richardson than of it rather aware mention Muse was to poet not this chose that he likely if seems even it story and the punishment, threatened the incur ytemxueo oie neligbt h eeain fAhoieadAcie and Anchises and Aphrodite illuminated of is revelations intertwining the That both poetry. underlying Greek motives archaic of Aphrodite in mixture blame the and by praise of intertwining ε nilbtente socue.Seisrcshmt xli httemte fhssnwsan was son di his power will of sharp who mother point the ones the inescapably which the that will in explain like Aeneas. tale son to nymph false him his wood instructs a of and anonymous She generates mating existence ordinary, occluded. she their the is again, publicizes them since once between he instead, act; ential if use sexual Zeus some to of to story hands back cover sub- the a traditional at him punishment the supplies harsh disown threatens female to She a concerned reveals. as gender: is male. involving the Aphrodite twist to lover, further female anon- the a remain mortal of entails power merely ordination power of a exercise of her assertion with let this goddess cannot case, Aphrodite her Cyclops, In the ymous. with Odysseus like and Zeus, ees u h eso hi qal ogtmtn sas o prdt h ai fahumi- a of basis the Aphrodite for also Anchises is hand, mating one sought the equally on self-identifi their taunt: own of liating news her the like But status, Aeneas. of recognition to claim ntedr n ananterseigprt;sewkshmu oasr e iiesau and status divine (μηδ her it assert to mentioning up ever him wakes against she injunction parity; seeming their maintain fi and dark the in n e,oc hi eie aebe satis been have desires their once yet, And iyt vrunetbihdheacis eas tpae n en,o htvrsau,under status, whatever of capa- disturbing being, a one has places desire it Erotic because her. hierarchies, on established imposed and overturn Zeus to by city appropriated been has which Aphrodite hand, e an , πεύξεαι fyuseko tadtogtesybat/ta o ige nlv ihbeautiful-garlanded with love in mingled you that / boast thoughtlessly and it of speak you if al,olqey e dniy hc h lp n ntefr fa pte,a ato an of part as epithet, an of form the in in, slips she which identity, her obliquely, nally, h poet The ttesm ie oee,Ahoieisssta nhssms isl oca htshe what conceal himself must Anchises that insists Aphrodite however, time, same the At ff A ε eute e ahadto off took necklaces, and and sash earrings her the untied bracelets, he body, twisting her and from pins ornaments the bed, shining well-made the the removed into he climbed had they When α ett e ihagdes isl otl o nwn h truth. the knowing not mortal, a fate, himself immortal goddess, and a nails. gods with silver the bed with of to studded will went was the that by chair then, a Anchises on them placed and , , ΄ , c ftespeebat n hr httehm vksadclbae;o h other the on celebrates; and evokes hymn the that charm and beauty supreme the of ect δεκαι κδυε θανάτη ει γχίσης· , 6 , έκνε κεν δέ ” ohn ssi eeo Anchises of here said is Nothing ’ “ eitnet ute icoue h omlto fAphrodite of formulation The disclosure. further to resistance s (286 fyuboast, ” you if – ? artro the of narrator αέετ θεα παρέλεκτο ο ̀ , ̀ – αέηε ε κατέθηκεν ’ , δ ) ieohrgd h aetesle ihmr afr uigepiphanies, during fanfare more with themselves name who gods other Like 7). eiefrAcie sasg htsei lohrefsbett htsm power, same that to subject herself also is she that sign a is Anchises for desire s ξείπη ’ ε , ΄ ετ θεω πειτα ? και ς 8)mksi la htAnchises’ that clear it makes 286) , ̀ ˜ πι ε ? , ˜ βροτός εξα α πεύξεαι ̀ νι Hymn ρνυα θρόνου , ττ και ότητι fi sadebrassissbetads exempli so and subject its embarrasses and es , e rlin clothes brilliant her mle hthsifraincmsfo h omniscient the from comes information his that implies ου , ΄ , f , ργυροήλου ’ hiaMurnaghan Sheila οιθυμω ρονι σά ̀ eiefrAhoiei ino e oe vrhim, over power her of sign a is Aphrodite for desire fi αι ’ f , d prdt esl suwligt epAnchises keep to unwilling is herself Aphrodite ed, ’ ioeine u ae yh ugs hth did he that suggest myths later but disobedience, ́ αει ση 262 ο , ? νόμαινε , δώς ˜ ? / . ε , ν 9) h rmsspnsmn from punishment promises she 290); , f ain htwl loetn ohsson his to extend also will that cation, λττ μιγη ιλότητι fi eeaini lrfigboast glorifying a is revelation li o e ntets fraising of task the in her for in ll mle eryl eln story a telling betrayal, implied ˜ α ε ναι , υστε ’ rhbto ( prohibition s f άνω fi ’ injunction s steclose the es ? Κυθερείη ει ff , – er- … a ? , ch15 os sfrAhoieahmlaigtaunt. humiliating a Aphrodite for is boast a alo h uefrsbetmte hticue htAhoieherself Aphrodite poet what the includes now that And matter 226). subject 1999: for (Nagy Muse poetry ( epinician the and on epic call within can poetry blame for stands tr htsmlaeul ovy riefroeadbaefranother for blame and one for praise conveys simultaneously that story h oe faohr sti tr fagdeshllsl nlv ihamra illustrates. mortal a with love in helplessly game goddess zero-sum a a of is Aphrodite outcome story but the this circumstances, as such another, Under of power the nldn t w,i h publicized the in own, its including h onso odnAphrodite golden of doings the esswt otlmn yteedo h artv,Aphrodite narrative, (252 god- the explains and of her herself women end about she mortal stories the as with similar By foreclosed, gods telling been men. of when commingling mortal set successful has with her she desses in tone the reveling through divinities, and fellow secret stay should events htbcueo i h ilnweeydyb h eiin of recipient the be day Anchises to every complains now she will gods: the she among him taunting of constant to because subject that is Aphrodite result, a As h ye esnsasn hti toc eiicn ftegncper n xlctycompared explicitly and poetry theogonic of invents reminiscent Hermes once as at soon (54 is As that taunting invective. song to and a hymn sings between he lyre, boundary the the blurs also that formance agtr,aedpoe ytesekri i w eotdsdcino nte woman, another of seduction speaker reported the own to poem, his the in by violated speaker is the privacy own by whose 25 deployed 1974: are (West suicide daughters, sanctuaries, to Reports daughters in his works. orgies and surviving his Lycambes as in drove and such supposedly Archilochus Archilochus escapades, surrounding traditions sexual biographical of the in both appears codi te rgamtceioe neryGekper.Tesxa eeaini a proto- the is legend. Thersites, Trojan by revelation aired the sexual topics of provocative The poet the de poetry. among blame several is Greek typical Penthesileia with early for associated desire in unspoken invective, episodes of programmatic mainstay other in echoed 99 6,263]): 261, 1999: ου , h hymn The The nthe In κο η πα νυ n u hl ne yss,gigt e ihamortal. a with bed to going sash, my under mind child my a duped, of put was out and I went since I name gods, unspeakably. to immortal wretchedly, mouth the my among open deed longer this no can I Now ε σχέτλιον του , , ξαυ , ˜ βηται νομαστόν νδε ˜ ˜ δ δ ιδα ynt Aphrodite to Hymn ομετ το , oei ynt Hermes to Hymn Homeric οχδη πειρώμενος τοσχεδίης “ ̀ ̀ oon epode Cologne δη ’ θαλίη ’ , ttsa an smd la yAhoie ohtruhhrissec htits that insistence her through both Aphrodite, by clear made is taunt a as status s υ ̀ ’ ’ , ου hm wihi h h si uhahryt esetteuprhand) upper the reassert to hurry a such in is she why is (which shame s ου πο – α 251): , , , , ;dsrbdwt verb, a with described 9; ̀ κο θανάτοισιν έιμισόαχίεα ε χείσεται στόμα μοι κέτι ? ιπριόακερτομέουσιν, παραιβόλα σι ζώνη θεο , νομαστόν ̀ ςδ ? Μου ε , έη βροτω θέμην ’ fi υ d h meu o eea otcgne,bt eaieadpositive, and negative both genres, poetic several for impetus the nds ˜ , ” πο άμιε μοι σά , ε ̀ , , 16 et,sxa lr ocrigNoue n fthose of one Neobule, concerning slurs sexual West), (196a πει καλο ” α , , ελγθνδε πεπλάγχθην (1). euldslsr stesbeto onainlpei per- poetic foundational a of subject the is disclosure sexual , ̀ eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual η , άαπολλο μάλα τ κου ύτε ̀ να , ΄ νπ ε ννεπε ˜ ? , ΄ ευ “ ειδεν onso Aphrodite. of doings , νηθε ˜ 7 8 ροι , , ΄ ξονομη – κερτομέω γ πολυχρύσου ργα euldslsr sapwru omo discourse of form powerful a as disclosure Sexual 6). ˜ ισα 263 ̀ να ̀ νόοιο . , ˜ άσθην, fi ναι iiepattoeso h om Achilles’ form. the of practitioners nitive fi htcndsgaebaeper [Nagy poetry blame designate can that , ue nteivcie hog which through invectives the in gured , ’ advantage. s ” A , – f h oncindanhr is here drawn connection The Anchises’ ροδίτης ’ blt otl uhtlshas tales such tell to ability s ο , ΄ νειδος , “ – oqeti i glory his is conquest elm ueabout Muse me Tell 27,atr which term a (247), Anchises’ fi d unspeakable nds – ) nthe In 8). potential – n a and ch15 ittst nhssa h nwrt uueqeto bu Aeneas about question future a to answer the as Anchises to dictates hc r yblzdb h ubecv htcneinl ocasterlovemaking. their conceals conveniently that cave humble the by symbolized are which ήω α (λήθων men and gods both of notice the escaping asleep, is Hera when in fthe of tions omo icus hteeae t pae ttecs fterprivacy. their pointed of more espe- cost a and the generates parents at Maia his speaker and identifying its Zeus by elevates of that status conversation discourse own amorous of his The form establishes father. divine which his song, cially his of contents the ee fAcie) ohd i a his hide to insigni Anchises); the of of level level the to descends ingly ute neetdpry ihhsonne ob eonzdadhsonojcin ohvn the having to objections own his and recognized be to di need power own his with party, interested further ντύ τ θνητούς et uha h onanlk aeta ie pt ietelvmkn fPsio and Poseidon of lovemaking in the conceal- heroines of hide of element to catalogue an the up by in rises narrated protected that episode yet wave the and mountain-like in made, Tyro the be as can such point ment, genealogical crucial the that here, used 42 verb 2005: The 1.15). (fr. htte illaeta aebhn osaei h laue n rvlgso lmu (166 Olympus of privileges determined and is pleasures the he in Maia, share to to explains behind cave he that as leave Hermes; will they to that intolerable are circumstances obscure those n oh uteps httecv a ocae n li i itrgta h o fZeus. of son the as birthright his claim and concealed has cave the what expose must he so and rsigadpooaiemte,snei er ntedsrbto fdvn oe isl the (itself power divine of 3 distribution 1989: [Clay the hymns on Homeric bears the it of since subject matter, principal provocative and pressing iheto utpehri eelge mn uas(et18:2,adterecurrent the and 2), 1985: (West humans among di the genealogies In Apollo. heroic of divine multiple expense the of at Hesiodic mostly lishment the Olympian, of more context one for poetic found be must room ae filsroswmnwosetwt os einn with beginning gods, with slept who women illustrious of o tales heroic those of stories α nwihtespro ttso ua eosi rcdt hi ie divine mixed their to traced is heroes human of status superior the which in eutn child resulting odta esadMi aei e eoecv,i h edo ih ( night are of we dead poem, the the of in beginning cave, the remote At her secret. in a mate been Maia has and that Zeus encounter that sexual told a of the out of song poet the like Hermes, , νδρω Hermes hsdsre obnto fbifmninadcneletrcr nohrpei contexts poetic other in recurs concealment and mention brief of combination discreet This Hermes esn bu essno rnsadMi ihbatflshoes, beautiful with Maia lovers’ and shared Cronus they of how son telling gibes; Zeus taunting about out sang throw he feasts way at the men just young out, things trying improvising, η α n aighsonfmu-ae lineage. famous-named own his naming and ω ΄ ˜ , , , μfι ντ – άο ω πάρος ς εθεω τε ν ua opig htsrcuetewr a epeetda otn rldst the to preludes routine as presented be can work the structure that couplings human – ff ’ ̀ ’ ) hsi nkeigwt h a uhlasn r toc pnyakolde,so acknowledged, openly once at are liaisons such way the with keeping in is this 3); ’ rnilbtentetolvr lae nscey nthe In secrecy. in cloaked lovers two the between erential ’ ί ρνδνκαι Κρονίδην Δία αυ α efasrigsn oe nacneti hc h salsmn fhsptriyi a is paternity his of establishment the which in context a in comes song self-asserting miin lrf n ftemi rsue rvn h xoueo uhsces the secrets: such of exposure the driving pressures main the of one clarify ambitions , , ynt Aphrodite to Hymn νθρώπους του ’ iht li lroslnae htmtv soeiptsbhn h revela- the behind impetus one is motive That lineage. glorious a claim to wish s ˜ ˜ ντε , ίεκνε ρίζεσκον γενεη , “ ) u nietoeaoyossnes emshsaproa tk in stake personal a has Hermes singers, anonymous those unlike But 9). , ̀ oee aya h ahro e n os[..Zu]setwith slept Zeus] [i.e. gods and men of father the as many however νο ff , pig hsteoeiglnso h aaou oeatmn similar many forecast catalogue the of lines opening the Thus spring. νομακλυτο , ταιρείη ̀ n o[h ye h o agbeautifully, sang god the lyre] [the to And αάακαλλιπέδιλον Μαιάδα ynt Aphrodite to Hymn sAhoiehrefidctswe h rmstefletl she tale false the frames she when indicates herself Aphrodite as , ff h ou ftenraiei nteestab- the on is narrative the of focus the Women, of Catalogue παραλέχομαι i rmHr,Zu on aai e bcr circumstances, obscure her in Maia joins Zeus Hera, from air ? f ιλότητι od ncmainbecloseness, companionable in words ̀ νε , ξονομάζων· fi hiaMurnaghan Sheila atnmhMi mc sAhoiedsed othe to descends Aphrodite as (much Maia nymph cant , 264 sspeci is , n ietepe fhsonhm,mksa makes hymn, own his of poet the like and , , – fi 6) i ttsa Zeus’ as status his 16]): al soitdwt ertsx(Irwin sex secret with associated cally Odyssey ο , ̀ σι δη σσαις ynt Hermes to Hymn ’ 9 1(235 11 mother. , νυκτο αάοςτ θεου τε θανάτους – ̀ – ua parentage. human αέετ πατη παρέλεκτο 10 52). o en that means son ̀ h hl sa is child The ςα 12 eswill- Zeus , , μολγω 11 ff ˜ erent – ? 7), , 72), But ̀ ̀ ρ ” ς ch15 ofotto fhde nweg,icuigsxa ert,i rqetdie fteplot. the of driver frequent a is secrets, sexual including knowledge, hidden of confrontation dsta eert hs heroes’ those celebrate that odes mortal. lyn i w oe,aeeutdb i ihaohrsec om h ea defense: legal the form, speech another with him by equated are power, δε own his playing eto sdsotd ntepoou,Doyu identi Dionysus prologue, the In distorted. is ception ems xetta i ua ohrSml see ube hnMi.FrDionysus’ For Maia. Semele’ than that humbler essential even is the is it of recognized, Semele plot properly The mother be human to his divinity that except Hermes, a of gift the through or mountain rocky a of recesses the in hidden, (κάλυμμα is veil itself act the and status, high h woman’ The mlctbturcre,hsbe iakdb e itr,wohv aee taleada and on lie equality a demeaning it but labeled banal their have a substitute who project sisters, to superiority, her encomium their by over Semele Asserting hijacked poetry. with been stratagem. in has sophistic mixed now unrecorded, forms but prose implicit with genres, several in words “ hbsadsirdu t oe (26 women its up stirred and Thebes Zeus h er sroe ntemtooyo insshmef Dionysus himself. Dionysus of mythology the in rooted is genre the Euripides In with Minos by aggression of act an meets Theseus 17, stories: Bacchylides conception of matching narrative mythical the In Dionysus n utseki ees fm ohrSml,rvaigmsl omrasa god a as mortals to myself revealing Semele, mother my of defense in speak must I and ˜ ι ntaey ycnrs,wt t ou ntam n con and trauma on focus its with contrast, by tragedy, In … εέη δε Σεμέλην άμυσο Κάδμου agtro ihPthu oem,atrdaigcoet h e o oedn when Poseidon, god sea veil. the the golden well to a Ida, close her Mt. drawing gave of after Nereids you, crags me, bore azure-haired the bore [Europa], the under Pittheus love Zeus rich spells with name of mingling whose daughter after girl mortals, the Phoenix, among of peerless daughter noble the If ε hypoli:bcuesemd pterunion. their up made That she up. because passion thought proclaim: illicit Cadmus they her that for gambit Zeus clever to a mortal, blame some the by passed seduced and was Zeus. say, by they begotten Semele, was Dionysus that deny mother my For Z ου Διόνυσον ε , , εέη εμητρο τε Σεμέλης ς μ’ πεί … η ˜ ” Z ν ’ hmCadmus whom η ’ ˜ h vnso h ly throug play, the of events The ε ν , eetn,lk Aeneas like begetting, ξεκαυχω ’ ’ α , neirt ohrdvn oe ssfee yrfrnet e father her to reference by softened is lover divine her to inferiority s α δελ , Bacchae 8.Alsost tre fti yeae o upiigy tpeo h epinician the of staple a surprisingly, not are, type this of stories to Allusions 38). , να ̀ f Bacchae , ρι τη fέρειν νυμ f ίσμαθ κε αι ˜ νθ , ΄ ’ ̀ h otoetymttetia forsriigtaeis hsfaueof feature this tragedies, surviving our of metatheatrical overtly most the , f f sisters s μητρός ευθε ’ σο ε ασκον , ’ , ̀ ο pig rmDionysus from springs ςα ΄ ’ , ω ˜ ιγμυ έψεύσατο γάμους τι , ̀ agtrSml bore Semele daughter να ι ου νιν ν ˜ σνε ισαν , οοήαθίμ πολογήσασθαί , – , , ατα λέχους μαρτίαν α κ , h atoe h should who ones last the ̀ ςη f , υ ˜ θνητου κ eoe ecnat Kan 03 57 2013: (Kearns descendants remoter ΄ ΄ ’ eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual , , α Διός ναι εακτανε νεκα χρη κιστα nthe in – w oaiigttl o h rt;i on o they so, doing in truth; the for tattle moralizing own 31): ˜ ynt Aphrodite to Hymn , hc inssdsrvstervrinb dis- by version their disproves Dionysus which h τινος ˜ ν ’ , , . h none,lnigSml ihjust with Semele linking encounter, the ˜ 265 ιν ’ υ ΄ , περ rsrto n aewe h tr fhscon- his of story the when rage and frustration ” (1 hyhv lidtesle ihinvective with themselves allied have they ’ – h eskle her, killed Zeus why s / )adte xliswyh a oeto come has he why explains then and 2) f fi νναθνητο ανέντα – shmefimdaeyas immediately himself es – eoe h ujc fawrof war a of subject the becomes , fl no ihZu ea be Zeus with union s c,tedi the ict, Bchlds17.29 (Bacchylides ˜ ςδαίμον ις ’ – iuto slk htof that like is situation 8). ffi utrvlto and revelation cult ’ w account, own s ’ ο , ’ ̀ elhand wealth s ίτιΔιί, τίκτει ν “ h o of son the – 38) ffi “ rmed. some 13 ch15 u h lyisl,a de as itself, play the but plo.3.5.3). Apollod. ohretr aiy shronissec nkoigtetuhhscm tgetcs oher, to cost great the at In come has heard. truth never the is knowing voice on insistence own own her her and as woman family, mortal entire a her of to vindication the with apotheosis and rgd ogv oc oSemele to voice a give to tragedy yu ece eeefo ae n ae e ods (Hesiod, goddess a her Pindar, makes (cf. and Dionysus Hades of the from mother stresses Semele and rescues frequently Zeus nysus of dithyramb consort The the 70b.30 dithyramb. as fr. Semele the to genre, due Dionysian honor another to central none ihAol stecnepeeo h play. the of centerpiece the is Apollo with encounter h orciease oafletl famr riaymra opig Creusa coupling: mortal ordinary more shame, a of the of feelings in tale powerful As false a with secret. to long-held struggle answer a a corrective experience of the her outcome kept the have as which marked strongly is testimony hmsebr oZeus to bore she whom h o (815 god the theresultingchildtoberaisedatApollo Xuthus explains ntedaou htflos h yptei usin fteodmnla e orieaethe reiterate to her lead man old the (939 of encounter questions forced sympathetic a the of follows, horror that dialogue the In h ocn fnral npaal rts h yi ooou n h stichomythic (887 god the Olympian an and by of overpowered monologue description girl human unprecedented lyric a an be with the to Apollo like truths, apostrophizes feels she it unspeakable what monologue, her normally In of exchange. voicing the The ruatlshrsoyi w om,speci forms, two in story her tells Creusa α κραυγ λευκο χειρω ρκαπέταλα κρόκεα α μαρμαίρων ˜ θεο nwrn oAphrodite. to answering shame, lover without a and god a cave, a screamed in I down while lie me made you wrists, pale my lap. Gripping my in yellow petals, gleaming up piling was I hair. me golden dazzled your and with me, at came You πράσσων χάριν Κύπριδι η , ˜ , , ε α γες θςμιχρυσω μοι λθές θζι χρυσανταυγη νθίζειν Bacchae ̀ ς ˜ ñ νει – , ˜ ςδ ις àν ναιδεί μευνέτας ,f.7.1 9;ti hm sreinforce is theme this 19); 75.11, fr. 1, , – ςα ˜ ’ , 31). ’ Ω hrso and ae asn eeec ortsi Semele in rites to reference passing a makes maenads of chorus s , ε , , ΄ ’ = μfυ το κοίτας ντρου ε μα icvr fIna i o yiaiigta esetwt lv n sent and slave a with slept he that imagining by son his as Ion of discovery υ ˜ , ˜ τ ’ έ μ’ τέρ ˜ ̀ f καρπο˜ ς ? ε , ρσνε άρεσιν χαίταν “ κόλπους ς Mother! fi ˜ e yisdaaugclpoaoit elcssc yh frescue of myths such replaces protagonist, dramaturgical its by ned ” · αυ , . (39 ισιν , δω ΄ δρεπον ˜ ”– – σαν 2.Ti omlto at ncvctrsacamta is that claim a terms civic in casts formulation This 42). – 41). ’ onepr,Ces,woeacuto e w sexual own her of account whose Creusa, counterpart, s , hiaMurnaghan Sheila ’ epe lnigi eesr osittebaeto blame the shift to necessary if planning temple, s fi Ion otaey htErpdsdvlp svhce for vehicles as develops Euripides that tragedy, to c 266 oee,Erpdsdaso h eore of resources the on draws Euripides however, , ymtia artvsi hc Dio- which in narratives mythical by d 14 ’ struthfulness.Thiscomesatgreatcost shsaraybe oe,Creusa noted, been already has As Bacchae Th.940 h rt seiie as elicited is truth the , – 96). ff ,Pi., ., ’ oo (997), honor s ’ soldretainer Dithyrambs O .2.25, ’ s ch15 n hsi l h oesokn eas h tr olw h aiircnor ftoecon- those of contours familiar the unnarrated. follows story left generally the because are shocking which more reports genealogical the ventional all is this and a o ogtbtta,bcuei osntcml ihhmncnetos ihnr her dishonors conventions, Apollo human echo with may comply union not their about does silence it to because commitment long-maintained that, Her but nonetheless. sought not has oege nCrnheh h xeine falwmnwomryadetrteunfamiliar the enter and marry who women all Medea’ similarity of husband as the their experiences much suggests of the 201), and terrain echo 1993: rape Corinth to (Rabinowitz in women marriage foreigner all ordinary of and vulnerability Ar. rape the between (cf. echoes women Apollo Athenian before up lessness opening ordinary for and over. medium heroines paper a accounts mythical as discreet the secret more sexual that to power broken attunement and the notable sex used the about disproves his has questions revelation Euripides painful With her women, quiet; acquiescence. of keeping and for lives motives inner silence his shares between she connection that ostensible mean not does that but ertwti h agrwrdo h play. the of world larger the within secret uine swl saslc nenladec fteOdMnadtesmahtccou,have chorus, sympathetic the and di Man power Old the the on perspective Apollo of heard audience rarely internal a select granted a been as well as audience, htifrsErpda rgd,we tragedy, Euripidean informs that Aphrodite from Πρεσβύτης: rua ae ihPobsaantm ili ieal union. miserable a in will tears. my of against point Phoebus the with to mated me I bringing are words bitter Your a so? fought How Creusa: I There Man: Old Creusa: Κρέουσα etdfo h hm htapisee ovciso ae(ars19:308 Ion 1993: as (Cairns even rape Xuthus, of the victims band including to upheld, even are applies relations that social shame the from tected Κρέουσα esne,icuigwmn lvs n hlrn swl sfe aectzn.I h otx of context the In citizens. male free as well as children, the and slaves, women, including personnel, di iua rvc fsxa eain.The relations. sexual of privacy ticular ihnteisiuino the of institution the within balance. that of disturbances de by that generated the relationship in sexual met symmetrical) already or equal strictly nesc ihtoewoaedsiia n nqa.The unequal. and dissimilar are who those with intersect nesoda ino yfnto.I iepedcasclcneto fsca re,for order, social of conception classical widespread a In dysfunction. of the sign of a well-being as the to understood essential practice) in happened women. them di among and others, citizens, between di disruptive wealth potentially of forms two ff led nhsondy uiie a aosfrbign u h a the out bringing for famous was Euripides day, own his in Already h lto the of plot The ntecneta nvreo lsia ree e ewe e n oe cusideally occurs women and men between sex Greece, classical of universe conceptual the In h ocamn fwmnwti h oshl si hoy(omte htmyhave may what matter (no theory in is household the within women of concealment The rnitdfo t ohbcuei spiaeadbcuei nopse ie ag of range wider a encompasses it because and private is it because both it, from erentiated polis ’ aigwt ruai xeine yhra naueo oe ntefr farape, a of form the in power of abuse an as her by experienced is Creusa with mating s hs aectzn r hoeial o nysmlrbteul u nthe in but equal, but similar only not theoretically are citizens male those , : : ε Φοίβω τίν , νταυ ’ ’ ; marsmn throndsr:i tm rma xeineta Creusa that experience an from stems it desire: own her at embarrassment s ˜ ω θ , ? Ion ςα ’ Odyssey ξυνη α , , γω παντα sognzdi uhawyta htCes eedslsssilrmisa remains still discloses here Creusa what that way a such in organized is ˜ ˜ ’ os c.Eur. (cf. house s ψ’ αδεινο να ’ n artvscnenn itrcla ela mythological as well as historical concerning narratives and , iieptriyi a is paternity divine s ˜ α , ΄ ? οσ ύτννγάμον δύστηνον κουσα άράμιτο μοι δάκρυά oikos ̀ ff νη el fpiaeatvt ngnrlta urud h par- the surrounds that general in activity private of realm a , eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual rne nlgladsca ttsbtenctznmnand men citizen between status social and legal in erences , γωνίσμεθα. fi fi ff ght. dmr xlctdsrpin ftewl-aacd(fnot (if well-balanced the of descriptions explicit more nd rneta r lyddw npbi ie di life: public in down played are that erence oikos fi 15 to frltvl aiybtenCes n e hus- her and Creusa between parity relatively of ction Medea ˜ ςσο ις hsalw o notoei hc ruai pro- is Creusa which in outcome an for allows This sacntteto h ulcshr fthe of sphere public the of constituent a is 267 238 ˜ ςλόγοις ις ffi md ttesm ie h play the time, same the At rmed. – . 0.Trigt the to Turning 40). ff rnilta scokdb eulsecrecy. sexual by cloaked is that erential polis fi . oikos e nieluin hc ehave we which union, ideal an nes Frogs eas h iiiiyo oe is women of visibility the because , abr,adkesoto sight, of out keeps and harbors, 1043 16 Creusa – 6,adCreusa and 56), fi ’ t-etr context fth-century sshameisdi – ) n normative and 9), ffi rbesa a as problems s iisbetween nities ff ’ rne in erences oikos external s polis ’ help- s fi ff gures erent they yet ’ s, ch15 htcaatrzsthe characterizes that t;temrig si atdsrbdtruhIschomachus author- through and described experience, age, fact in in disparate markedly is are marriage who the wife and ity; husband a portrays He ntutdhswf nhrpoe oe u nhstahn,Icoahscaatrzstheir characterizes Ischomachus teaching, his in But role. proper a her as in relationship wife his instructed nhsamfrterjitetrrs sdslydi e ap sett Ischomachus to a a assent magistrate, to happy as compared her Socrates is in by hold displayed glossed husband is is which enterprise the ing, joint and their indoors for enthusiasm is activity of ocdb i ae ilnns oase n usinScae ust him. to puts Socrates question any answer to willingness eager his by forced classical ideal seemingly Ischomachus those an bad formulation, of to negative sion as this much linked). in as closely too, just are praise here speech generate (so of would types blame that antithetical generate actions would good reputation that to least applies actions the that in has category glory who a great her about, is ful blame for There women for glory admonition. or which brief great praise a in and for in Pericles’ nature all whether is existing it men your put famous among will than most I worse the Oration: widows, being now far Funeral not are by the who you these, of of Of end those society. the well-functioning at a advice of pictures story. interesting idealized an generating of incapable and inaccessible once at secret, rmScae,worprstedsrpingvnt i naohrocso yIschomachus. by occasion another on him to given description Ischomachus dialogue, the the o But reports of remains readers who which As Socrates, house, house. from the the inside of go doors never closed we the behind happening remarkable nothing nwihte r adt be to said are they which in ert otl.Isedo h oefmla aao fthe of about paradox 80; secrecy familiar 1996: more of (Cairns the ethic ceremony of Instead wedding an tell. the is to in secrets There veiling dramatized. of do regularly is role 215 they 2003: essential dysfunction Llewellyn-Jones as the act, which conditions, or in in speak such symbolized to genre Under women, quarters control. hidden the their under tragedy, from are emerge in subject to reason are no women have which women to sexuality wayward and ueiratoiy ota oe r ae o n hi neet r rtce;wmnare women their exercising protected; properly are are interests Men their well. they and is which all for in that structures cared social sign are the a with women is cooperating happily view that of so out authority, and superior silent be to women lmnay di plementary, n h wife the and ubn n ie h ie esy,i ue ytehsad u namne hth calls he that manner a in but husband, the by ruled is says, he wife, The wife. and husband con- material their disparate however equal the household, on the stress of a is success eff there the Penelope, which and in tributions, Odysseus both of of marriage the investment with As (7.11). another children one with bodies ncntutn hsrasrn itr,Xnpo ly onteeeeto di of element the down plays Xenophon picture, reassuring this constructing In discus- full-scale the by complemented is Pericles by prescribed say to anything of lack The refl is paradox This nthe In fi s oko the of book rst ’ nomophulax ie on nXenophon in found wife, ” ff rn rmrl ntevr atro iiiiy ic h wife the since visibility, of matter very the in primarily ering Fual 95 5) shmcu eit hi al ciiisa com- as activities daily their depicts Ischomachus 156). 1985: (Foucault ’ κοινωνία ealdacutasrsu httehuehsn ert,apitta srein- is that point a secrets, no has house the that us assures account detailed fi csa ects ce ntxsfo h lsia eidta,i otatt rgd,gv us give tragedy, to contrast in that, period classical the from texts in ected lterntr tisbs ydigntigta e ol att talk to want would men that nothing doing by best its at nature their ll oikos polis oikos Mrahn1988). (Murnaghan – ” , Politics 8,wihi ikd aaoial,t h data hr hudb no be should there that idea the to paradoxically, linked, is which 58), “ nrlto othe to relation in “ 1.) ihteepii n qal ogtga fproducing of goal sought equally and explicit the with (10.4), eesr qaiaino nta di initial of equalization necessary n h ie sseasmshrpoe oe scmae oa to compared is role, proper her assumes she as wife, the and partnership, h os fIcoahs nldn netnieprrylof portrayal extensive an including Ischomachus, of house the , και rsol iial oiiie n qaie h eainhpof relationship the equalizes and politicizes similarly Aristotle , ̀ τω ˜ ωάω οννσνε α κοινωνήσοντες σωμάτων ν “ al understanding” manly ’ hiaMurnaghan Sheila s ” ’ Oeconomicus sotor (7.20 outdoors is s ocp htetnst hi eulrelationship sexual their to extends that concept a ” “ fIms a oehn bu eaevru,for virtue, female about something say must I If 268 Tuyie .52.Prce ecie situation a describes Pericles 2.45.2). (Thucydides polis ff lmt ou,btrte eraoti indirectly it about hear rather but us, to -limits n sisl nitra etr fthe of feature internal an itself is and hc cieydmntae htteeis there that demonstrates actively which , “ pnsecret, open fi dtesle,adteirrationality the and themselves, nd 1.) h elodrdhouse- well-ordered The (10.1). – ’ ff ) h wife The 5). ndn con fhwhe how of account anodyne rne ewe h husband the between erences , λλήλοις ” ehv lsdnon- closed a have we , “ ’ losaigtheir sharing also commensurate s ’ rprsphere proper s ff ’ erence teach- oikos . ch15 , ln ihthem. o with put along to husband own nms ramnso arae n esnfrta a ese nthe in seen be can that for reason One marriage. of treatments most in “ mlctaayi fpwr seilytrnia oe,adtecue n eff and causes the and power, tyrannical especially power, of analysis implicit υεδεα και συνεκδύεται α ipa nyt i.Ti on smd nals ucybtmr xlctwyi recom- a in way explicit more Pythagoras: but of punchy wife less the a Theano, in should to she made Laertius that is Diogenes sensuality point by a expresses attributed This woman mendation him. a husband, to her only with display Alone marriage. in privacy for shame” htteqenwl ee nwwa a apnd nti ei rn;sedtcsGyges’ detects she wrong; is he this Gyges In assuring happened. insists, Candaules has Candaules is what But result know refuse. the never and to will presence tries queen Gyges the norms, that proper of violation serious eeaino eulsces hs psdsocra motn ucue ntenraie when narrative, the in ways, junctures unexpected important or illegitimate at in occur hands episodes changes These power secrets. sexual of revelation hi ero n ac h ue nrs o bed. for undress man, queen another by the convince once to watch at need and protected the bedroom wife relations, feels his their he marital of But conventional Gyges, banality. only spear-bearer inherent tell, his their to by and story discretion no polite be would there her, ihtesde ne fdsr,a h yinkn adue al nlv ihhsonwife own his with love in falls Candaules king Lydian the as desire, of ( onset sudden the with “ htrn hog the through runs that yanclpwradhsoia change. historical the as and presents Herodotus power what tyrannical to Croesus background narrative, as in his brought is which daules, ι nacnetta silgclbteietyueu,terlto fhsadadwf scompared is wife and husband of relation the useful, evidently o but illogical rotating is to that conceit a In eas ti nesodt ebt rirr n rnioy o h are ope however, couple, married the For transitory. and arbitrary both be di to the understood is it because hs otaitos hwn hi ntblt ne h rsueo hlegn u predictable but challenging of is she pressure but the husband, including under her A instability genres, to circumstances. their subordinated idealizing is showing Less she contradictions, hide; partner. these to equal nothing is his there also but hidden, be must wife aya many , η ́ ινα διον , political monarchical ιτμνντ άι α πάλιν τε νισταμένην άθ ε ράσθη nhsatmtt isaeCnals ye noe naphorism, an invokes Gyges Candaules, dissuade to attempt his In The nteefruain,mrig sde is marriage formulations, these In hnoerlsadteohri ue,[h ue]sest sals di establish to seeks ruler] prerogatives [the and ruled, address, di is to of other and forms footing the appearances, equal and external an rules on be one to when nature their by tend o political most In hsi eaint h female. the to relation in thus ff , ΄ rnei o eprr n eesbebtitiscadpermanent. and intrinsic but reversible and temporary not is erence ffi δαμελλούση νδρα fi 183,wihclari which (1.8.3), s n otpoieto hs steoeigsoyo ye n h ieo Can- of wife the and Gyges of story opening the is these of prominent most and rst ” iist tragedy, to nities , ωυτου ( πολιτικω ffi ” e na in ces ( ˜ βασιλικω ̀ ” fi γυναικός τη 21 a e feape ssple yHerodotus by supplied is examples of set nal ˜ ̀ ναι ς h wife The ,a poe otewyi hc ahrrlshscide,wihis which children, his rules father a which in way the to opposed as ), ’ Histories ? ffi ΄ ff οεεθιπαρη πορεύεσθαι , , ujcino re epe,btsre oitouekytee of themes key introduce to serves but peoples, Greek of subjection ˜ μ’ polis δω ς e,i stu,teei natraino ue n ue,snethey since ruled, and ruler of alternation an is there true, is it ces, e hm ihhrcohs n nlaighmt u to again on it put to him leaving on and clothes, her with shame her ). ˜ ..) fCnalshdratdt hssml yhvn e with sex having by simply this to reacted had Candaules If 1.8.1). , 17 fi αυ nwihtedi the which in , soeo h otiprat u lognrlyusoe,motives unspoken, generally also but important, most the of one es γυνή , nasre feioe nwihtenraiei rple ythe by propelled is narrative the which in episodes of series a in το . ’ ciesxaiy hc sakolde ee sol itdat hinted only is here, acknowledged is which sexuality, active s ˜ σ α ισι , eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual ’ “ xetoa euy n odcdsta ye uthd in hide must Gyges that decides so and beauty, exceptional s hnawmntksoff takes woman a when ’ , ναλαμβάνειν undoing. fi ? e sa qiiru upre ycnrdcin:the contradictions: by supported equilibrium an as ned ε α ́ νει 19 iethe Like ΄ , ατο μα 269 ff rnebtenrlradrldi insigni is ruled and ruler between erence , “ ˜ ςε ις n h die oa on nt her to in going woman a advised she And ynt Aphrodite to Hymn 20 , δμσ και νδύμασι 18 eonzn Candaules’ Recognizing – n ocnrbt signi contribute so and sw aeseen have we as ff … e rs h lotksoff takes also she dress her ’ ri ohn;altesame, the all nothing; in er ( Aristotle, Histories h aeawy stands always male The ̀ τη α ΄ , ̀ ναι αδε μα rs artv with narrative prose a , h artv begins narrative the , , oiis1 1259b) 1, Politics χννα σχύνην Odyssey cso t volatility, its of ects ̀ – κιθω fi ff s eleetof event real rst rgd,expose tragedy, rne in erences τη ˜ fi ˜ ιε νι rpsla a as proposal ? atyt the to cantly , hr the where , δε ποτίθεσθαι , ̀ κδυομένω προ fi ̀ ςτο cant her ̀ ν , ? ch15 e ubn noa nprpit hwfra usdr Candaules outsider, an for show inappropriate an into husband her ra n yhrapaac oteSiosi ok1,ta h ih eitrse in interested be might she her that by 18, raised Book is the which in In fear, Suitors husband. the the her to to connected than appearance is other her subject someone by desiring a and as dream Penelope of possibility htsewudrte oc i kni t aua tt hncvrdwt edo te cos- other or lead with covered say than to state her natural cause its women’ makeup, in of without the skin occlusion alluring his The more (10.6). touch be metics rather would would she she that that wife his to demonstrating hrs htseeprecddrn h rcdn ih.I Herodotus In night. preceding the during experienced she what chorus, hthsbe oet e.Ntol ostequeen the of does speak to only invisibility Not and her. silence from to emerges done she Creusa, been like has well: what as sense metaphorical a in rlpial samrig,tedmntaiegsueo aigoff taking of gesture demonstrative the marriage, a as proleptically htatvl hp h oreo yinhsoy h ofot ye n rsnshmwt a with him presents ways in and speaking Gyges her confronts hear She we history. narrator, Lydian the of by course told choice: the be shape can bedroom actively the that in transpire that events mlcto fatidpro ntebdom ntetai eso,teqensy htwhen that logical says the queen the as version, recognizes tragic also the counterpart In bedroom. tragic exclusivity the lost her in the what person restore she about third to moves a brings she of she As implication violation. marriage, private her her of of consequences public the right” to not is what did and ubn,bign bu yatccag n etn h tg o h eeto Croesus of defeat her the as for him replace stage and the king the setting murder and to γυναικηίος him change forces dynastic she fi about role: that bringing out husband, plays he that assures hrce,bthrtsioyi ersne ntesriigtai rgetta wehri is it (whether that fragment tragic Herodotus surviving parallels the tragedy, closely in later) represented or is earlier testimony her but character, sindt h man. the to assigned omwt h data ye a ipyseteqenadte iapa si ohn had nothing if as disappear bed- then ( their and again queen in once the there Gyges him see placed places simply has herself can Candaules queen Gyges While the that happened, grasp. idea fully the not with room does himself Candaules that Candaules of lc hr eepsdm naked, me exposed he where place tnigo oiia oe sroe nteecuiecnrlo idnrsucs hc is which under- resources, an hidden conveys of queen control the exclusive throne, her the the Through in work. of takes there. rooted the he possession throughout being as when elaborated take that power of further and also political of, consequences must possession of logical take he standing also the her must he out of seen act possession has Gyges he what that that determination insists and [1.11.5]) eto ewe eeln oreo oe n oigta oe silsrtdi h tr of story the in illustrated con- is power possible that power The losing of display. and exercise and power of successful secrecy source Gyges the between a because balance revealing part precarious between nection a in maintaining change, on of depends productive endlessly and unstable htpoes eatcltsbt t nvtblt n h neiblt fwat sasuc of source a as wealth of unreliability the witness and to inevitability able its is Solon both Gyges, articulates Unlike he wife. process, his that Gyges showing on Croesus’ insists Candaules as much egnrtosltr(xlctyde (explicitly later generations ve neher Once Candaules’ h aysoista aeu the up make that stories many The fi ynt Aphrodite to Hymn s a ye h erdh a nassi ihdsgso adue.Herodotus Candaules. on designs with assassin an was he feared she Gyges saw rst ’ ecnatCoss h nit nsoigteAhna iemnSlnhsmoney, his Solon man wise Athenian the showing on insists who Croesus, descendant “ ” ihrteoewopandteetig utde ryu h n h a enaked me saw who one the you, or die, must things these planned who one the Either 22 elhwtotbigdanit h itrclpoeso ieadfl;sadn outside standing fall; and rise of process historical the into drawn being without wealth , h ue eel oagopo oa upres rsmbyrpeetdb the by represented presumably supporters, loyal of group a to reveals queen the “ αι ’ woman’ a ientol icoe hthsbe oet e,btsesae re-enactment a stages she but her, to done been has what discloses only not wife , ceeta rnst ih t mlctos eeln set ftrnia power tyrannical of aspects revealing implications, its light to brings that scheme δώς a envoae hog h ovrino e rprato efdslyto self-display of act proper her of conversion the through violated been has sAphrodite as : rahru act treacherous s 11.) e od ohnm hthsbe oet e n point and her to done been has what name both words Her (1.11.3). fi ’ e yteDlhcoal spnsmn o a for punishment as oracle Delphic the by ned ltn eiei satisfi is desire blatant s ” Histories ” hiaMurnaghan Sheila eult ihnmrig seff is marriage within sexuality s h xlis gi aigCandaules naming again explains, she 1.91.9). ’ artv.I h n xatsec fthe of speech extant one the In narrative. Oeconomicus 270 re fl c iino oiia oe sinherently as power political of vision a ect ’ shmcu os ntecus of course the in does, Ischomachus , ilnns osekrcl Euripides recall speak to willingness s “ h takwl oefo h same the from come will attack the dwti relationship a within ed ’ ieas usoff puts also wife h woman the ’ cieydaaie in dramatized ectively eso,i hc the which in version, ’ transgression ’ lte is clothes s e shame her ’ “ fi queen Gyges δόλος gured ’ ch15 fteMda yat,wontol cuisterl frlrbtatal net t gifted A it. invents actually but ruler (ε of rule role absolute the with occupies love only in not man who dynasty, Medean the of u nprn ias(ota vnasettrwtotabtos ieGgs eoe h king the becomes Gyges, the like in ambitions, without later spectator character a a even as that rival); exposé. (so intriguing rivals an inspiring for out material the Gyges supplying for herself required bedroom, is clothes the her of of secrets removal the Anchises so for (and required sexual is value her ol pert eapro fadi a of person a be to appear would fhspeec n l uiesi odce hog esnes nti a,h ed off them: fends of he one way, as out before this kept him In are knew messengers. subjects who through his men conducted which that other by is for of forti protocols business him rivalry heavily royal all choose jealous a of and and with series king presence city a a his capital have instituting of a must it, build they within to that himself indispensable them decide hides himself they forces making that then by so He people disputes role. the of arbiter manipulates an Deioces as government, central no have tre e ntetyrant the in set stories bsv,a tlashmt ilt om fsxa rvc n otethswf sapseso to possession a as wife his treat to and privacy sexual of norms off violate shown to be him leads it as abusive, ope ffcosta aehsfl ttehnso h esa yu inevitable. Cyrus Persian the of hands the at fall his make that factors of complex apns.Bti snnteescerta Croesus’ that clear nonetheless is it But happiness. eoe hedyrcgie,ada h ieo adue ae la yrqiigGyges, Candaules requiring by become clear to makes reluctance, Candaules of and wife passivity the And his as gold. and 339 despite of 2000: recognizes, amount (Travis shrewdly large men pos- a Deioces other in or of vested woman validation a is beautiful to power the supremely need their the a Croesus, feel whether and they Candaules value, like high rulers of for sessions typically, More success. his he which in cleverness prdt,i e as ae tessterc it fgl n ltigta e prominent her that clothing and gold of gifts power Thus rich status. the speci inferior her 17 stresses (139 for supply tale, compensating will parents husband, false Phrygian her her with in relations her Aphrodite, equalize to help can adue n reu a eecsieaddlddi hi ogn o con for longing their in di deluded a and with excessive faced be are may Croesus and Candaules Deioces Because hide. to nothing is di for there of reigns that manufacture he result, the a through As works ordinary. entirely is what of out secret a fi makes Deioces wife, and band htms ehde utas ekont xs,adi shr opl o pull to hard is it and exist, to known be also must hidden be must What anann oe ysoignothing. showing by power maintaining idni h ne ero rtesr om fteLda oa aaea ohaeas kept their also kept and are wealth, wealth. be resemble both by women to as accompanied assets, palace need when As royal Athens. both enhanced Lydian democratic the is power; of of value houses monarchical rooms private of treasure the or in sources bedroom hidden comparable inner the as in woman hidden desirable a and has t-he er,uie l fteMdsudrhsrl,adpse i igo nt i son. his to on kingdom his passes and rule, his under Medes the of all unites years, fty-three Candaules’ h otscesu ile fpwri the in power of wielder successful most The Deioces h iiaiisbtenteGgsadteCosssoissgeta a an suggest stories Croesus the and Gyges the between similarities The “ aylovers many ’ oso iiain h xoueo oa s oee,epcal neetn because interesting especially however, is, woman a of exposure the limitation, or loss s fi sta i ohri h agtrof daughter the is mother his that es ’ taeyi de a is strategy h bsvns ftrnia oe sfrhreaoae nasre frelated of series a in elaborated further is power tyrannical of abusiveness The . ise eel h ntblt ftrnia oe,wihi adt ipa with- display to hard is which power, tyrannical of instability the reveals misstep ” ( ffi πολλοι ’ utcalne ic oe shr oeecs fi swol concealed. wholly is it if exercise to hard is power since challenge, cult aigwt prdt)adbcuesei aal fcmuiaigthe communicating of capable is she because and Aphrodite) with mating ffi ’ is ero,i hc h tyrant ’ the which in bedroom, s mterpwrb hwn o showing by power their rm di fi ̀ … iiercp o nhlegdpltclpwradatu efre It force. de tour a and power political unchallenged for recipe nitive ff rn rmohrmn,h a aeself-su rare a has he men), other from erent ε , ρασταί , Histories – ρασθει eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual 0,adTeeswe setn i eelg nBacchylides in genealogy his asserting when Theseus and 40), ff .34.Bti losget htsc oe sinherently is power such that suggests also it But 3.53.4). , ff rn re ( order erent rneoto erc tef hog ocaigtefact the concealing through itself, secrecy of out erence ̀ τυραννίδος ς usi,trnyis tyranny it, puts 271 – Histories ’ 0.Ti nvtbyepsste orvly as rivalry, to them exposes inevitably This 40). “ ucaeo oe eie nhmef(nthe (in himself in resides power on purchase 24 ihPittheus. rich ε , ols edt hwoff show to need foolish τερο h elhawmnbig oamarriage a to brings woman a wealth The .62,lvn tatm hnteMedes the when time a at living 1.96.2), , ff iteteto i ieivle not involves wife his of mistreatment s sCyrus is ˜ ιος hi aubepsesosadsoliciting and possessions valuable their ) “ ” precarious ’ 19.) ieahroiu hus- harmonious a Like (1.99.2). ” ia n sre.Adwhile And usurper. and rival ’ netrDics h founder the Deioces, ancestor stebsso tr about story a of basis the As fi “ dplc tiscne and center its at palace ed fte didn they if ” ffi ffi ( σfαλερόν ’ inyta skyto key is that ciency iybtenwealth between nity pria uta tis it as just appraisal ff otiue othe to contributes Deioces fi ’ 23 mto,they rmation, e i,he him, see t eas it because ) ’ etof feat the ’ s ch15 omltda eulcie leigwt Otanes with sleeping crime: sexual o a sexual a as of formulated guilty not is Smerdis Although eas earayhsgonsn,h at oaodhvn hlrnwt i e ieadso and wife new his with children her having avoid with to intercourse wants he has sons, he grown has already he because aae ocmuiaewt i agtrb edn e ertmsae.I epnet his to of response mission In the messages. with secret Smerdis Otanes her her real household, entrusts royal sending the he the by of of daughter wives seclusion several his proclaims the fi the with through afterwards of communicate Breaking shortly Cambyses one to Smerdis. who is false manages actually man the daughter is same by Smerdis whose over false he (the tyrants), taken The Otanes Cambyses of that Cambyses. deviance Persian when pretends by sexual prominent murdered family, who the the secretly royal Smerdis, by been Persian has exposed named who the is Magus Smerdis, in named a also succession by brother, troubled usurped of is time throne a of concerns news father, the change. Here political again. in over results all it start until and father Athens to leave to obliged wife is the Peisistratus result, a as mies; ihu trial without women: of treatment li fOae,i i pehaantmnrh uigtePrindbt ngvrmn in government on debate general tyrant’ Persian the the the substantiate links during stories he monarchy These which against way. in speech further 3, his some Book in in Otanes, her of misusing claim but her exposing just hrdga fmrtlsxaddpiighswf fhrhnrberl samte Hl 1998: because (Holt mother but a itself, as role act honorable her the of the of wife forestalling his procreation, because for depriving not not and and sex 234). her, pleasure marital for of to solely goal wife insulting shared legitimate his is using This is Peisistratus anally). her penetrating poetMgce.Btbcueh a er htMegacles former that a powerful heard through his power of has seizes daughter he the Peisitratus because marrying Athens, by in But power himself Megacles. that establish consolidates opponent can then he and trick before clever takes it that tries arae(osln n ad17:10) nkeigwt re ednyt aethe make to tendency Greek a with keeping in 241 1003), 1978: functioning Saïd properly is and excess (Rosselini that of marriage sign the tyrannical respect: these mutual Eastern, by counterbalanced be wife to the ought it where bedroom, the di power inherent eoou pclts h el e ohr e ohrtlshrfte,woi urgda the at outraged is who father, her tells o mother breaks Her himself, mother. to her dishonor tells she speculates) Herodotus s nur,sei nbet a hte e urn ubn stera rtefleSeds so Smerdis, false the or real the is husband current her whether say to unable is she inquiry, rst nte tr,wihas novsthe involves also which story, Another The tyrant The – sep elfrhser.I etrsott aeer,ko htyuaemridto married are you that know he’ ears, Magus. sure the have are Smerdis to you then out once not, get bed, turns if cannot your Cyrus; he he punished. shares of is, If be son he he ears. must the time think but his Smerdis, next I Persia, The for man over do. feel the power must asleep, instead you holding but what and Cyrus, is you of This with son sleeping the with really away not is he If 2). 26 fi At ’ ’ iteteti lctdb e neetdprnsadpse rmduhe omother to daughter from passed and parents interested her by elicited is mistreatment s s fteesoisivle h teintrn essrts ntescn ftethree the of second the In Peisistratus. tyrant Athenian the involves stories these of rst eeto rmtepc fsceyta de that secrecy of pact the from defection s fi s h iekesti idn( hidden this keeps wife the rst ” ’ xesv oe oprdt vroees sepesdtruha bs fthe of abuse an through expressed is else everyone to compared power excessive s (3.80.5). ff rnilbtenhsadadwf hti sal akdb h rvc of privacy the by masked usually is that wife and husband between erential oikos 25 “ edsut rdtoa utm;h ocswmn n eklsmen kills he and women; forces he customs; traditional disrupts he fi ue r esrdaanta setal re omo monogamous of norm Greek essentially an against measured are gures h ai n rcniino ucsflpltclodr(lk2002: (Blok order political successful a of precondition and basis the ff ου i linewt essrts n entswt Peisistratus’ with reunites and Peisistratus, with alliance his , κατ fi dn out. nding à irgr o a n ovninwt i eulmis- sexual his with convention and law for disregard s hiaMurnaghan Sheila νόμον fl ε , ΄ κρυπτε ff wo nomto rmwogdwf ooutraged to wife wronged from information of ow nei h a htPiitau s i srainis usurpation his is, Peisistratus that way the in ense 272 , “ o ntecsoayway customary the in not u hn(ehp nrsos oaquestion, a to response in (perhaps then but ) ’ agtra nipse sa otyof worthy as is imposter an as daughter fi e e arae hte re or Greek Whether marriage. her nes ’ aiyi ne us,and curse, a under is family ” 16.;ta is, that (1.61.2; (3.69.2 – 3) s ene- ’ ’ ch15 fi eentta Herodotus’ that not were it if ih aermie ertecp htservasi.Hr h oe fteotae ieto wife outraged the of wife power the the by suff Here taken form it. has The reveals she she what oracle that known the except to make are secret sends clothes he remained their Then have Melissa. guards; might of his spirit by the stripped to women prays them the he has Melissa all while fact he and burned calls the where again, and immediately to Hera, pit Periander alluding a of dead. is in temple was she collected the she explains, after to Socles her as Corinth with about: of talking intercourse is had she he what that once at knows Periander sacytcmsae uzigmtpo htmgtrifreadsfgadPeriander safeguard and reinforce might that metaphor puzzling a message, cryptic a is rmtcdaou n h rclrutrne n hytesle itt h ute actions further the the women, dictate mistreatment. to Can- themselves their of available they of wives forms conditions and bolder speech the utterance, the public to publicize testify; oracular of it will they context the that leave which the and and to in asked) dialogue abuses heard when commu- dramatic the are only Otanes upon Periander (and and act and family Megacles and daules bed- by of reveal the the inhibited daughters to within of are The fathers channels who them. their secrets private women, to the through of done reveal only vulnerability is nicate to the what driven to disclosing attention woman from draws shame a he of that Euripides, scenario but Like room. compelling overthrown, the not through is Athens. power in question Hippias in reinstall story tyrant to the particular not excessive of Spartans the occasion of the case, the ing implications of to this political tyrant’ transferred form In public, the is the one. outcome the as public takes that light a insists to which into but brought Corinth, bedroom, be of the must power of population a motion secret female in a sets entire Candaules’ remain Candaules, Like the of clothes. wife of their the removing violation like she, a hand, through husband other her the of On restaging us. clarifying for thus and audience esg elycmsfo her from comes really message uiheta ezn oiia oe,adSmerdis and power, political seizing as punishment nwrhsqeto eas h scl n ae,snetecohsta eebre ihher cannot with she buried says were truthfulness and that her clothes messengers of the token his since a to to naked, As dead appears and the burned. Melissa of cold properly wife oracle is never an dead she were to his because sends question of and friend his ghost a answer The by is. him to it entrusted where been has that item an Otanes hc stl oteSatn yteCrnha olsi natmtt isaete from them dissuade to attempt an in Socles Corinthian Peisistratus the restoring by by Athens Spartans in the is tyranny to reinstating he told lineage, is royal which lacking criminal lowly Smerdis a tyrant, as any Otanes throne; Persian. like to prominent the twofold: status seizing is in by relation inferior power marital episode, this much the In too him. destabilizes against takes that conspiracy successful imbalance a power initiates who the father, her to this communicates wife the of discovery hint of faint act a brave is her there too Here circumstances. private Smerdis bed. in wife de and husband between contact physical fi neaan h tyrant the again, Once nteesois eoou ae ra on bu h vladisaiiyo excessive of instability and evil the about point broad a makes Herodotus stories, these In ial,asoyivligtems geiu fteGektrns eine fCorinth, of Periander tyrants, Greek the of egregious most the involving story a Finally, i,wihi h euto nerirpnsmn,adwihi nyucvrdi h most the in uncovered only is which and punishment, earlier an of result the is which cit, ’ agtrudrae h xeiet osdsoe hthrhsadlcser,and ears, lacks husband her that discover does experiment, the undertakes daughter ’ hs el i hr ehspthsfriend’ his put has he where him tells ghost s ’ xesi xrse na c fsxa urg gis i ie which wife, his against outrage sexual of act an in expressed is excess s – ’ ’ eeaini nti aepriual ope.O h n ad it hand, one the On complex. particularly case this in is revelation s ecigi h akfrahde oypr Pre 03 34 2013: (Purves part body hidden a for dark the in reaching agtr h ihflruler rightful the daughter, nenlnrao olsitree otasaei o i internal his for it translate to intervenes Socles narrator internal rdtased vnhrdahadtkso noaua force. oracular an on takes and death her even transcends ered – eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual ’ h dsta eine a ae i ovsi odoven. cold a in loaves his baked has Periander that adds she rgnlcie h asshmt eeathsasuto her on assault his re-enact to him causes She crime. original s ie h osntalwtrnia ihhnens to high-handedness tyrannical allow not does she wife, 273 rvt ilto ffml oo stranslated is honor female of violation private s ’ ’ eeln,sneSce ucesi persuad- in succeeds Socles since retelling, s ’ rngeso a nyb eetdthrough detected be only can transgression o ipa (5.92η Hippias son ’ ocbn n h agtro a of daughter the and concubine s ’ ce naphysical a in reflected is illegitimacy – ’ ota eine ilko this know will Periander that so eult,i h omtknby taken form the in sexuality, s possession. s .1 – 4). 27 eine loses Periander ’ secrecy s fi dout nd – 5). ch15 nldn nhsacutsvrloalsadpohce;adlk eoou,h lisfor claims he made Herodotus, have tyranny like never experienced would and had Spartans they the prophecies; that if misdeeds, and asserting proposal cruel knowledge, oracles their their personal of stressing several authority generation, the account to himself his generation from in tyrants including Corinthian the of history eoou rud i artv nrvltoslk Melissa like revelations in narrative his grounds Herodotus igihdlnaet h itrhmlaino aeadabuse and di rape sexual of of humiliation relations female, we into hidden, bitter consequences and the built the diverse and male to sexual the between the lineage revelations about appreciate balance tinguished such curiosity to precarious our Euripides genres, by led the and and in are Drawn periods to Hermes, protects. multiple attention and typically Across secrecy draw Anchises, which Creusa. that Aphrodite, of narratives of revelations generate the revelations in the his in grounds theirs ground hymns ftehistorian the of 0A ege oe,ti oiemrosAphrodite mirrors motive this notes, Bergren As 10 8 nteenmh socpiga nemdaesau ewe otlt n motlt,seClay see immortality, and mortality between status the intermediate On an 7 occupying as nymphs these On 6 dsesapast nld xlsv hrdkoldei i ecito fahpymrig to marriage happy a of description his in knowledge shared exclusive include to appears Odysseus 3 to in and and draft, strong earlier a an For on 2 comments helpful for Rabinowitz Nancy and Masterson Mark to thanks My 1 ocut18:11 ocutapisti ecito oa ti of ethic an to description this applies Foucault 151. 1985: Foucault 5 o a-ecigdsuso fOysu n Penelope and Odysseus of discussion far-reaching a For 4 akbtenlvr n akaotlv r qal h rvneo prdt.I the In Aphrodite. of province the equally are love about talk and lovers between Talk 9 h aeo eis hw o h oc ftewogdwf evsa ia uligblock building vital a as serves wife wronged the of voice the how shows Melissa of case The 07 91 2007: u ieai,amtorpe fthe of mythographer a Liberalis, nus Aithiopis 99 193 1989: possess. to believed were rn ope oehr(4) Cf. (249). together couples bring oei ynt Aphrodite to Hymn Homeric eetoeveso h oeso prdt,wt ute ilorpy nld yio21 and 2010 Cyrino 222 include 1999: bibliography, Nagy further see with generally, Aphrodite, more of tradition 1 poetic powers 2013: Greek the Blondell the of in overviews blame Recent and praise of relationship fi xesv otaaso eulsmer ewe e n oe r on nteGeknvl of novels Greek the ends in which found Nausicaa, are women and many 1994). men for (Konstan between period and symmetry imperial Herodotus the sexual in of spaces portrayals enclosed extensive on essay. work this in forthcoming addressed her topics me on showing conversations for Purves Alex epAhoiefo osigo h oknso her of workings the of boasting from Aphrodite keep Pi. (cf. song to refer to comes lyro h ye eabsi undb h ypsit ete naia lsl identi closely animal an beetle, a into nymphs the by turned is Cerambus lyre, the of player ie hteegdi hlspia icsin rmtefut century fourth the from discussions philosophical in emerged that loc. ad wives 1988 al. et Heubeck in Hainsworth See uncertain. however, is, phrase this of meaning ihivcie eas fhstutn icus,i hc ecam htoeo hmhdsxwith sex had them of one that claims he which in discourse, 8.266 taunting ( his of Poseidon because invective, with ftheir of receives oehradmksasetceo hm nti psd saprdgai con fHomeric of account paradigmatic a as episode this On them. of 77 2008: spectacle Halliwell a see laughter, makes and together eiyo e di men of delity – 6 eonsteltrlepsr fasce a secret a of exposure literal the recounts 366 eaiesymmetry, “relative Hymn αθνοςο παρθενίους – .7 25 p.67, – n atzi21:267 2012: Fantuzzi and 8 Metamorphoses 6. ’ artv,bcuei per nahsoywti the within history a in appears it because narrative, s ’ lrigo h itnto ewe rieadbae e ege 99 1 1989: Bergren see blame, and praise between distinction the of blurring s – – 26. ff 7 7– 47, = B 6 eta ttmn fti iw e aprn19:3.I lsia ieaue the literature, classical In 30. 1990: Halperin see view, this of statement fluential rdfo hto oe eas tdpne nasl-atr htmnalone men that self-mastery a on depended it because women of that from ered , άρους, άιτ έτ δέ μάλιστα 2,seSebo19;Senr20:110 2009: Steiner 1999; Svenbro see 22), h esl list use to claims herself she , ” e eti 96 19 1996: Zeitlin see “maidens ff P 2D nTestsa lm oto aiiti hseioe e Rosen see episode, this in satirist or poet blame a as Thersites On D. 12 rnebcmstogett ekp quiet. kept be to great too becomes erence – 1.98; . 86. Il .5,1.1,ad2.2.I idradltrauthors, later and Pindar In 22.127. and 14.216, 6.156, . ’ – 9 ae xml sCrmu,woesoyi odb Antoni- by told is story whose Cerambus, is example later A 79. fi ε , ΄ λο αυ κλυον s otidcenturies third to rst ’ N conversations hiaMurnaghan Sheila 3.11; . Notes , 274 τοί N. ’ fi w oplint aehref(99 37): (1989: herself name to compulsion own s – – , 52. s ad steCrnhashv (5.92 have Corinthians the as hand, rst 7.69). “ ο ff , rmteeeae ttsbogtb dis- a by brought status elevated the from hyko tbs themselves best it know they ρυ και άρους ο i:Hpasu rp prdt n rsi bed in Ares and Aphrodite traps Hephaestus air: ” , άρους ’ 25 spr fhrshr fpwr nthe in power; of sphere her of part as (205) e,icuigissigni its including bed, s CE … netro h yixand syrinx the of Inventor . ’ ̀ ,a h uhr fteHomeric the of authors the as s, μήτιας ol etnaon ofridn a forbidding to tantamount be would – – 5 Demodocus 15. hnteusoe disparity unspoken the when fi , eiyfrhsad swl as well as husbands for delity ovrain n tricks, and “conversations BCE Histories n sh onsot the out, points he as on; fi ac sa emblem an as cance olstae the traces Socles . ” ’ ( Od. ogat song Theogony .8) The 6.185). fi – ο , .O the On 2. s human rst άρος Odyssey α .2). “[t]o she , itself ” fi fi ed rst 28 to ff . ch15 ros .(1984) P. Brooks, (2013) R. Blondell, (1989) A. Bergren, lk .(2002) J. Blok, 6A eadage 19:61 (1993: argues Dewald As 26 Herodotus how of account an For 25 Candaules of roles similar The 24 3A eiitshlrhpo rgd a tesd h er spriual opliga eimfrthe for medium a as compelling particularly is genre the stressed, has tragedy on scholarship feminist a As love 13 in secrecy On 12 21 Apollo keeping is Euripides plot the stresses of that goals analysis the of an one For that 16 announces Hermes prologue, the In 15 a the On 14 7Franacdacuto Herodotus of account nuanced a For 17 2The 22 3Fra nlssta tesstefrrahn mlctoso eigi h ye psd,seTravis see episode, Gyges the in seeing of implications far-reaching the stresses that analysis an For 23 1Ti s ne in is, This 11 9O h motneo hseioeadohrrltdsoisivligpwru oe o h struc- the for women powerful involving stories signi related the other On and 20 episode this of as importance usurpation the on On 26 19 1984: Brooks See 18 7O hssec n h nepeieise thsrie,wt ilorpy e oe 2007. 255 Moles 2007: see Moles bibliography, see with speech, raised, this has of it character issues metahistorical interpretive the the On and 28 speech this On 27 Brill Antiquity 167 thefts bride through norm as this marriage, ( of within violations narrative exchange repeated of the of objects opens sequence as that the women (1969); of Lévi-Strauss status by the delineated acknowledges Herodotus which in ways hc uiie a ealdn) idrmnmzstedi the minimizes Pindar alluding): be may Euripides which ramn fti hm nrlto oawdsra soito ewe yan n eulecs and excess sexual and tyranny 225 between 1998: association Holt widespread see a culture, to Greek relation throughout in abuse theme this of treatment 49 2003: Reden Von see epics, Homeric ruaasce (72 Zeitlin secret a 1993; Creusa and Rabinowitz interests especially the See through genre. mediated male-directed always and are 341 these male-authored 1996: although a women, of of conventions voices occluded normally xrodnr oesaddsrbsteruini agaeta vksafra arae sRabi- As marriage. formal a evokes that 195 language identi (1993: in her out union points their describes nowitz and powers extraordinary tre ee unotwl o h eutn hlrn(507 children resulting the for well out turn never stories contrasts (2013) Kearns 1990. Scafuro see tales, similar of versions other to Euripides comparison in especially ,21:185 2012: 1, eie(ehp hti en yteifrainthat information the by meant is what (perhaps desire di consequential the of discussion for 355, esp. 2000, 99 166 1989: genealogy. own Aphrodite’ his of utter to mortal ig ar.84.Frboth For 8.43. Laert. Diog. ( insistence her re ueo the of ture xhne i o ye,seful she Gyges, for him exchanges Aphrodite ihmra oe,eprecsmteho shumiliation. as motherhood experiences women, mortal with ce ntecodwt hc escvr isl n eadrn hi none in encounter their during Hera and himself covers Zeus which with cloud the in flected ’ opno oHerodotus to Companion s – ye Tragedy “Gyges 5 ntyrants On 85. :1 8: ffi ’ fi – – ’ oso ttstruhhrlasnwt nhssi re is Anchises with liaison her through status of loss s ramn fCreusa of treatment aina ipyavci.Eriri h ly h hrshsvie h ovcinta such that conviction the voiced has chorus the play, the in Earlier victim. a simply as cation iisbtenSml n rua e unga 06 107 2006: Murnaghan see Creusa, and Semele between nities 4 ol19;MCue19;Fly2001. Foley 1999; McClure 1998; Wohl 74; 0,ti stels ntnei omchsoyo hstp fueulmating. unequal of type this of history cosmic in instance last the is this 70), Histories ff oe nHerodotus in “Women – fi – c,a intensi an ect, 41. no ihAcie lv,dsiehrijnto n vni,a a enage (Clay argued been has as if, even and injunction her despite alive, Anchises with union s ac fCandaules of cance 6. edn o h lt einadItnini Narrative in Intention and Design Plot: the for Reading Il. “The ee fTo:Bat,Mt,Devastation Myth, Beauty, Troy: of Helen 14.330 – e Wol see , ’ ) nteplay the On 3). ff eea soito with association general ” isaogtegd ngnrl e ihrsn21:254. 2010: Richardson see general, in gods the among airs oei ynt Aphrodite to Hymn Homeric a efudi ae1951. Page in found be can – Histories 45). fi edn rl,p.225 pp. Brill, Leiden: . the aino h ocamn rpree osntoe oeaig hc is which lovemaking, sanctioned to even proper concealment the of cation – ff ’ ) adue iial nut i ieb iwn e nya betof object as only her viewing by wife his insults similarly Candaules 2), – ieadCroesus and wife 94 orax1976. Tourraix 1964; ’ enn fGyges of meaning 0,21:10 2011: 201, aewt Pindar’ with rape s ’ fi eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual 1.1 ero n te nlsdsae nthe in spaces enclosed other and bedroom ’ l e rprdnsi oeadbcmsteacsrs fCroesus. of ancestress the becomes and role dynastic proper her lls ’ ’ netiigo eeainadcnelet e e 97 30 1997: Lee see concealment, and revelation of intertwining s artv er u Otanes out bears narrative ” – ’ Histories )i nte.O araeadteecag fwmni the in women of exchange the and marriage On another. is 4) Bibliography eainhpt rgd,seCiso 2003. 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University ilge d Dialogues ff (1985) (2011) .(1964) E. , ’ tragedy s – 59. h eidcCtlgeo Women of Catalogue Hesiodic The re rgd:Arp culture? rape A tragedy: “Greek ’ itieancienne histoire ’” , a ebdsMasistes des Weib “Das niaeCmec:Ecag,Gne,adSbetvt nGekTragedy Greek in Subjectivity and Gender, Exchange, Commerce: Intimate “ diff etetak:Etmlg,saooy n h icus fabuse of discourse the and scatology, Entomology, tracks: “Beetle ao:BdesadAt-au nCasclAntiquity Classical in Anti-Value and Badness Kakos: lyn h te:Gne n oit nCasclGekLiterature Greek Classical in Society and Gender Other: the Playing tde nGekEeyadIambus and Elegy Greek in Studies h pcaino ye nP x.28 n eoou ok1 Book Herodotus and 2382 Oxy. P. in Gyges of spectation The icusso eulvoaini yhcacut n rmtcvrin fthe of versions dramatic and accounts mythic in violation sexual of “Discourses :133 1: e ofdsHrckfr eabsuddrMto des Mythos der und Kerambos Hirschkäfers des Kopf “Der iieadhmni the in human and “Divine afmee apuorce éooe sa d’ Essai Hérodote: chex pouvoir la et femme “La erences aigMcey h otc fAcetSatire Ancient of Poetics The Mockery: Making Exchange he oei yn:T plo ems n Aphrodite and Hermes, Apollo, To Hymns: Homeric Three – 47. :126 2: :369 2: in – nin Greece Ancient sgsdsfme tautres et femmes des “Usages 59. – :949 8: 86. eulscesadGeknarrative Greek and secrets Sexual ’ rete el éierne p 295 pp. Méditerranée, la de et Orient ”, – Hermes xod lrno Press. Clarendon Oxford: . 1005. ”, ynsd aGèeatqe prce itrie thistoriques et littéraires Approches antique: Grèce la de Hymnes Eugesta odn Duckworth. London: . oei ynt Aphrodite to Hymn Homeric 277 2 51 92: eln eGruyter. De Berlin: . :1 1: – – 8. 21. e ok xodUiest Press. 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