TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY GROUP FREE TEST SERIES NO: 05

UNIT- III: GEOGRAPHY OF (i) Location – Physical features - , rainfall, weather and climate - Water resources - Rivers in India - Soil, minerals and natural resources - Forest and wildlife - Agricultural pattern. (ii) Transport - Communication.

1. On which basis resources can be classified into biotic and abiotic? A. Origin B. Ownership C. Renewability D. Distribution

Ans: A Natural resources can be classified into different groups depending on origin, development, renewability, distribution, ownership etc. On the basis of origin, resources can be classified into biotic and abiotic resources.

2. Which of the following statement is true? 1. Marine yeast is lesser potential than the terrestrial yeast. 2. They can be used in baking, brewing, wine, bio-ethanol and pharmaceutical protein production A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: B Marine yeast has greater potential than the terrestrial yeast. They can be used in baking, brewing, wine, bio-ethanol and pharmaceutical protein production.

3. Which of the following statement is incorrect? 1) Natural resources which are limited can be called non-renewable resources. 2) Renewable become exhausted after use and the time they take to replace does not match the life cycle A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: B Natural resources which are limited can be called non-renewable resources. They become exhausted after use and the time they take to replace does not match the life cycle. (e.g.) Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other minerals.

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4. The average atmospheric conditions are determined by measuring the weather elements for a period of how many years? A. 30 years B. 32 years C. 40 years D. 35 years

Ans: D The average atmospheric conditions are determined by measuring the weather elements for a long period of time which is usually for 35 years.

5. Which of the following is the Characteristics of South Indian Rivers? 1) Short and narrow 2) Useful for navigation 3) Suitable for hydro power generation A.1, 2 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: B Characteristics of South Indian Rivers • Originate from Western • Short and narrow • Non perennial in nature • Suitable for hydro power generation • Not useful for navigation

6. Match the following correctly I. Distributary 1. A branch or outlet, leaves a main river and does not re-join it II. Doab 2. A land between the two converging rivers. III. Estuary 3. Mouth of a river where it enters the sea through a single channel IV. Pass 4. narrow gap through the mountains providing a route

A. 2, 3, 4, 1 B. 1, 2, 3, 4 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 4, 3, 2, 1

Ans: B Back waters: The part of a river which are stagnant and do not reach the sea as they are pushed by the current. Distributary: A branch or outlet which leaves a main river and does not rejoin it, carrying its water to the sea or a . Doab: A land between the two converging rivers. Estuary: Mouth of a river where it enters the sea through a single channel with a hollow. Perennial Rivers: The rivers which flow throughout the year and have permanent source of water. Pass: A narrow gap through the mountains providing a route or passage.

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05

7. Which of the following statement is correct 1) The Polar regions receive slanting sun’s rays. Hence there is little or no sunlight, thus there is an Extreme Cold Winters. 2) Vertical sun’s ray’s fall directly on regions around the equator hence the climate is very hot in summer and very cold in winters A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. None

Ans: A The Polar regions receive slanting sun’s rays. Hence there is little or no sunlight, thus there is an extreme cold Winters. Vertical sun’s ray’s fall directly on regions around the equator hence the climate is very hot and almost no winters.

8. In which District of Tamilnadu Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is located? A. Ramanathapuram B. Thirunelveli C. Ariyalur D. Nagapattinam

Ans: C

9. Consider the following statements: 1. 21 June – Summer solstices more radiation received by Northern Hemisphere. 2. 23 September – Autumn Equinox not equal radiation in both Hemisphere. 3. 22 December – Winter solstice more radiation received by Southern Hemisphere. Select the correct Code: A. 1 & 2 B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 3 D. all the above

Ans: B

10. Sabarmathi river flows through which of these states? A. , & B. Gujarat & Rajasthan C. Madhya Pradesh & D. Maharastra & Jharkhand

Ans: A

11. Which type of forests is affected with the forest fire? A. Deciduous forest B. Mangrove forest C. Tropical forest D. Montane Temperate forest

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05

Ans: A The high temperature during summer in leads to occasional forest fire in deciduous and thorn forests.

12. What are the methods followed for water conservation? A. Changing the crop pattern B. Renovating Traditional water sources C. Use of geothermal water D. All the above

Ans: D Some methods of water conservation are Protection of water from pollution; * Redistribution of water; rational use of groundwater; population control * Renovation of traditional water sources; use of modern irrigation methods * Increasing forest cover * Changing crop pattern * Flood management and use of geothermal water

13. Which of these districts are the worst affected desertification areas in Tamil Nadu? A. Theni B. Nilgris C. Virudhunagar D. All the above

Ans: D According to the desertification atlas prepared by the ISRO, about 12 percent of the total geographical area is under desertification and land degradation. Theni, Virudhunagar, the Nilgris and Kanyakumari are the worst affected districts.

14. Which of the following statement about Kaveri is correct? 1. While entering Tamil Nadu, the Kaveri continues through a series of twisted wild gorges until it reaches Hogenakkal Falls. 2. The Kaveri breaks at Srirangam Island with two channels, river Coleroon and Kaveri 3. At last, it empties into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar A. 1, 2 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: D In Karnataka the river bifurcates twice, forming the sacred islands of Srirangapatnam and Sivasamudram. While entering Tamil Nadu, the Kaveri continues through a series of twisted wild gorges until it reaches Hogenakkal Falls and flows through a straight, narrow gorge near Salem.

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The Kaveri breaks at Srirangam Island with two channels, river Coleroon and Kaveri. At last, it empties into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar.

15. Match the following correctly: I. Chilka 1. lies between the deltas of Godavari and II. Kolleru 2. III. Pulicat 3. lies in the border of and Tamil Nadu IV. 4. A. 3, 2, 1, 4 B. 2, 3, 1, 4 C. 4, 1, 3, 2 D. 4, 3, 2, 1

Ans: C Among the back water of this coast, lake Chilka (Odisha) is the largest lake in India located to the southwest of the Mahanadi delta, the which lies between the deltas of Godavari and Krishna and the Pulicat Lake lies in the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, these are the well-known lakes in the east coastal plain. Vembanad lakes is in Kerala.

16. Which is the north-western boundary of the Peninsular plateau region. A. Kaimur hills B. Rajmahal hills C. Aravalli hills D. Western Ghats

Ans: C Aravalli hills mark the north-western boundary of the plateau region. Its northern and northeastern boundaries are marked by the Bundelkhand upland, Kaimur and Rajmahal hills. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and eastern boundaries respectively.

17. Which of the following statement about Rajasthan Plains is correct? 1) It is located to the North of 2) The Sambhar ( Lake) near is the prominent one. 3) Rajasthan plain is formed by the deposition of the river Luni and the long- vanished river Saraswathi A. 2,3 B. 1, 3 C. 1,2 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: A Rajasthan Plains is located to the west of Aravalli range. It covers an area of about 1,75,000 sq.km. Rajasthan plain is formed by the deposition of the river Luni and the

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05 long-vanished river Saraswathi. There are several salt lakes in Rajasthan. The () near Jaipur is the prominent one.

18. The deltaic plain is an extension of the_____ land. A. Bhangar B. Khadar C. Tarai D. Bhabar

Ans: B The deltaic plain is an extension of the Khadar land. It covers about 1.9 lakh sq.km in the lower reaches of the Ganga River. It is an area of deposition as the river flows in this tract sluggishly. The deltaic plain consists mainly of old mud, new mud and marsh. In the delta region, the uplands are called ‘Chars’ while the marshy areas are called ‘Bils’.

19. Which of the following statement is correct about Peninsular Plateaus? 1) The plateau region lies to the south of the Great Northern Plains 2) It is an old rocky plateau region. 3) This is the largest physiographic division of our country. A. 1, 2 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: D The plateau region lies to the south of the Great Northern Plains. This is the largest physiographic division of our country. It covers an area of about 16 lakhs sq.km (about half of the total area of the country). It is an old rocky plateau region. The topography consists of a series of plateaus and hill ranges interspersed with river valleys.

20. The coastal plain between Mahanadi and Krishna river is known______A. Coromandal coast B. Konkan coast C. Northern Circars D. Malabar coast

Ans: C

21. ------are steep rock faces formed, when the sea waves dash against them. A. Sea caves B. Sea cliffs C. Loess D. All the above

Ans: B

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05

The erosion and deposition of the sea waves give rise to coastal landforms. Sea Cliffs are steep rock faces formed, when the sea waves dash against them. Sea waves continuously strike at the rocks cracks develop, Over time they become larger and wider. Thus, hollow like caves is formed on the rocks. They are called Sea Caves.

22. An isolated residual hill, standing like a pillar with rounded tops are called A. Arêtes B. Moraines C. Inselbergs D. None of the above

Ans: C Winds erode the lower section of the rock more than the upper part. Therefore, such rocks have narrower base and wider top. An isolated residual hill, standing like a pillar with rounded tops are called Inselbergs. E.g., Inselberg in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa.

23. Which of the following is International resources? A. Tropical forest regions B. Public parks C. Apartments D. Ambergris

Ans: D International resources are all oceanic resources found in the open ocean. Resources found in this region can be utilized only after an international agreement. (e.g.) Ambergris.

24. Which of the following statement is correct? 1) This transforming of raw materials into finished goods is called Tertiary Activities 2) All structures built by man can also be called man-made resources A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: B Natural resources are modified or processed by technology into man-made resources. (e.g.) sugarcane processed to get sugar. All structures built by man can also be called man-made resources. (e.g.) Bridges, Houses, Roads. This transforming of raw materials into finished goods is called Secondary Activities. Man’s skills and ideas are the basic requirements for these activities.

25. According to Gandhi which of the following is reason for depletion of resource? 1) over exploitation of resources

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05

2) Unlimited needs of human beings A.1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: C There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed. blamed “human beings” for depletion of resources because of (i) over exploitation of resources (ii) Unlimited needs of human beings. So, conservation is very important.

26. Which of the following statement is correct? 1) Resources are limited 2) Resources are not only limited, but they are unevenly distributed over the different parts of the World A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: C Resources are limited, their planning is quite necessary so that we can use them properly and at the same time we can save them for our future generation. Resources are not only limited but they are unevenly distributed over the different parts of the World.

27.______is essential for the production of resource to protect them from over exploitation A. Resource planning B. Resource usage limitation C. Resource Banning D. All the above

Ans: A Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper utilization of resources. Resource planning is necessary because it is essential for the production of resource to protect them from over exploitation.

28. Assertion (A): The Total demand of water demand in Tamil Nadu is 1894TMC. Reasoning(R): The Water resources in the state are 1587TMC in drought conditions. A. Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A. B. Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A. C. A is True but R is False. D. Both A and R is False.

Ans: C

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The total assessed water resources in Tamil Nadu amount to 1,587 TMC (Thousand million cubic feet) while the state government's demand estimate is 1,894 TMC. Demand exceeds supply by 19.3%, this happens when rainfall is "normal".

29. What percentage of saline water blocks is available in Tamil Nadu? A. 5% B. 2% C. 1% D. 3%

Ans: B In Tamil Nadu about 2% of the ground water blocks are already saline. About 64% of the total area of the state is drought prone.

30. Which of these districts does not fall under the drought prone zone? A. Villupuram B. Ramanathapuram C. Madurai D. Kanyakumari

Ans: A Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanyakumari, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tirunelveli, and Tiruchirappalli are the districts which are more droughts prone.

31. Which of the following statement about Krishna is correct? 1) The river Krishna originates from a spring at a place called Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of . 2) It is the second longest Peninsular river 3) It also flows through Andhra Pradesh and joins in Bay of Bengal, at Hamasaladeevi. A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 1, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: D The river Krishna originates from a spring at a place called Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Its length is 1,400 km and an area of 2.58 lakh sq km. It is the second longest Peninsular river Bhima, Peddavagu, Musi, Koyna and Thungabhadra are the major tributaries of this river. It also flows through Andhra Pradesh and joins in Bay of Bengal, at Hamasaladeevi.

32. The southernmost point of our country is______A. Cape Comorin B. Indira Col C. Pygmalion Point D. Rann of Kutch

Ans: C

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The southernmost point of the country is Pygmalion Point or Indira Point (6°45'N latitude) located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

33. 2. 82°30' E longitude passes through____ in India A. Prayagraj B. Mirzapur C. Dehradun D. Shillong

Ans: B In order to avoid these diff erences, Indian standard time is calculated. Th e local time of the central meridian of India is the standard time of India. India’s central meridian is 82°30' E longitude. It passes through Mirzapur and roughly bisects the country in terms of longitude. The IST is 5.30 hrs ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

34. The Himalayan Mountains stretches from______in East to______in West A. Ganga and Yamuna B. Ganga and Brahmaputra C. Yamuna and Brahmaputra D. Indus and Brahmaputra

Ans: D The Himalayan Mountains (Northern Mountains) consist of the youngest and the loftiest mountain chains in the world because they have been formed only few million years ago and also, they were formed because of the folding of the earth crust due to tectonic activity. It stretches for a distance of 2,500 km from the Indus gorge in the west to Brahmaputra gorge in the east. The width of the Northern Mountains varies from 500 km in Kashmir to 200 km in Arunachal Pradesh.

35. ______popularly known as the “Roof of the World” A. Pamir Knot B. Siachen glacier C. Zasakar Knot D.

Ans: A The Pamir Knot, popularly known as the “Roof of the World” is the connecting link between the Himalayas and the high ranges of Central Asia. From the Pamir, Himalayas extend eastward in the form of an arc shape.

36. Which of the following is the chemical properties of Alluvial soil. A. Rich in potash, phosphoric acid, lime and carbon compounds but poor in nitrogen B. Consist of calcium and magnesium carbonates, high quantities of iron, aluminium, lime and magnesia. C. Rich in minerals such as iron and magnesium. Deficient in nitrogen, humus, phosphoric acid and lime.

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D. Composed mainly of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminium.

Ans: A Alluvial soil chemical property is Rich in potash, phosphoric acid, lime and carbon compounds but poor in nitrogen.

37. Match the following List I with List II and choose the correct answer List I (soil) List II (crop) i. Alluvial soil 1. Tobacco ii. Black soil 2. Jute iii. Laterite soil 3. Oilseeds iv. Marshy soil 4. Coffee A. 2 – 1 – 3 – 4 B. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3 C. 3 – 1 – 4 – 2 D. 3 – 4 – 2 – 1

Ans: B

38. What of the following is the chemical property of laterite soil? A. Rich in potash, phosphoric acid, lime and carbon compounds but poor in nitrogen B. Consist of calcium and magnesium carbonates, high quantities of iron, aluminium, lime and magnesia. C. Rich in minerals such as iron and magnesium. Deficient in nitrogen, humus, phosphoric acid and lime. D. Composed mainly of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminium

Ans: D The Chemical property of Laterite soil is Composed mainly of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminium.

39. Who in the year 2015 estimated the amount of soil erosion that occurred in India was 147 million hectares? A. Indian Institute of space science and Technology B. Indian Institute of Remote sensing C. Indian Institute of Astrophysics D. National centre for Radio Astrophysics

Ans: B Soil degradation is an acute problem in India. According to a 2015 report of the Indian institute of remote sensing (IIRS). They estimated the amount of soil erosion that occurred in India was 147 million hectares.

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40. Which of the following is not the main problem of Indian soil? A. Soil eruption B. Saline and alkaline C. Degradation of soil D. Water logging

Ans: A The main problems of the Indian soils are i) soil erosion ii) Degradation of Soil, iii) Water-logging, iv) Saline and Alkaline, and v) Salt Flats.

41. Which of the following is not Methods of Conservation and Management of Soil A. Afforestation B. Construction of Dams and Barrages C. Prevention of Overgrazing D. Practice of native agriculture method

Ans: D Methods of Conservation and Management of Soil : 1. Afforestation 2. Constructing Dams and Barrages 3. Prevention of Overgrazing 4. Improved methods of Agricultural practices

42. Match the Wild life Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu with their districts. A. Nagapattinam i) Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary B. Coimbatore ii) Wildlife Sanctuary C. Dharmapuri iii) Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary D. Theni iv) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary A. ii, iv, i, iii B. i, iii, iv, ii C. iii, iv, ii, i D. ii, iii, i, iv

Ans: A

43. Which of these Birds Sanctuaries are found in Ramanathapuram district? A. Kanjirankulam Birds Sanctuary B. Sakkarakottai Tank Birds Sanctuary C. Chitrangudi Birds Sanctuary D. All the above

Ans: D

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44. Assertion (A): The Tamil Nadu Rivers are the lifeline of the state. Reasoning(R): Cauvery, Vaigai and Thamirabarani are some of the important rivers in TamilNadu. A. Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A. B. Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A. C. A is False but R is True. D. Both A and R is False.

Ans: A Rivers of Tamil Nadu are its lifeline. Though it has many rivers, the rivers of Cauvery, Palar, Ponnaiyar, Vaigai and Thamirabarani are the notable ones.

45. Which of the following statement is correct? 1) The Trans-Himalayas contain the Tethys sediments. 2) The rocks of this region contain fossils bearing marine sediments which are underlain by ‘Tertiary granite’ 3) The prominent ranges of Trans Himalayas are Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash, and Karakoram A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 1, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: D The Trans-Himalayas contain the Tethys sediments. The rocks of this region contain fossils bearing marine sediments which are underlain by ‘Tertiary granite’. It has partly metamorphosed sediments and constitutes the core of the Himalayan axis. The prominent ranges of Trans Himalayas are Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash, and Karakoram.

46. Match the following correctly I. Mt. Everest 1. 8611 Meters II. Godwin Austen 2. Nepal III. Kanchenjunga 3. 8848 Meters IV. Dhaulagiri 4. India A. 3, 1, 4, 2 B. 4, 2, 3, 1 C. 3, 1, 2, 4 D. 1, 4, 3, 2

Ans: A

47. Match the following passes correctly I. Bomdila 1. Sikkim II. Shipkila 2. Jammu and Kashmir

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III. Jhelepla 3. Arunachal Pradesh IV. Karakoram 4. A. 4, 3, 1, 2 B. 2, 1, 3, 4 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 3, 2, 1, 4

Ans: C The major passes in the Himalayan are Karakoram pass (Jammu and Kashmir), Zojila pass, Shipkila pass (Himachal Pradesh), Bomdila pass (Arunachal Pradesh), Nathala pass (Sikkim) and Jhelepla pass (Sikkim). The Khyber pass which connects Pakistan and Afanisthan, and Bolan pass in Pakistan are important passes of the Indian subcontinent.

48. Which of the following statement about Indus is correct? 1) The Indus River is one of the largest rivers of the world 2) It originates from the northern slope of the Kailash range in Tibet near Manasarovar Lake 3) Only 709 km of Indus flows in India A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 1, 3 D. 1, 2, 3

Ans: D The Indus River is one of the largest rivers of the world. It originates from the northern slope of the Kailash range in Tibet near Manasarovar Lake at an elevation of about 5,150 m. Its length is about 2,880 km (Only 709 km is in India). The river has a total drainage area extending 11,65,500 sq km in which 321,289 sq km areas are drained in India. The river flows through the Ladakh and Zaskar ranges and creates deep gorges. The river runs through Jammu and Kashmir, turns south near Chillar and enters Pakistan.

49. _____ is a shallow stretch of water partially or completely separated from the sea. A. Sand bar B. Beaches C. Lagoon D. All the above

Ans: C Lagoon is a shallow stretch of water partially or completely separated from the sea. E.g. Chilka lake in Odisha, Pulicat lake in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and Vembanad lake in Kerala are the famous lagoon in India.

50. Match the List I with List II and choose the correct answer List I (soil types) List II (Distribution) i. Laterite soil 1. Rajasthan

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 05 ii. Arid soil 2. Chota Nagpur plateau iii. Alluvial soil 3. Ganga iv. Red soil 4. Eastern Ghats A. 3 – 1 – 4 – 2 B. 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 D. 2 – 4 – 3 – 1

Ans: B