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Buletin Edisi VI Tahun 2012 Manilkara Kauki TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO P E N Y a M P a I P E S a N D a N B E R I T a Pengelolaan K a W a S a N K O N S E R V a S I

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Buletin Edisi VI Tahun 2012 Manilkara Kauki TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO P E N Y a M P a I P E S a N D a N B E R I T a Pengelolaan K a W a S a N K O N S E R V a S I ISSN 2088-9720 Buletin Edisi VI Tahun 2012 Manilkara kauki TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO p e n y a m p a i p e s a n d a n b e r i t a pengelolaan k a w a s a n k o n s e r v a s i Kebakaran Hutan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Regu Brigdalkar Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Peralatan Pemadaman Kebakaran Hutan Sebagai Salah Satu Penentu Keberhasilan Operasi Pemadaman Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) Sekat Bakar Cara Efektif Melokalisir dan Meminimalisir Kebakaran Hutan Salam Redaksi Buletin Manilkara kauki terus memberikan hal yang terbaik dalam menyampaikan pesan dan berita pengelolaan kawasan konservasi melalui berbagai editorial dan artikel. Semoga berbagai ulasan dan goretan pena ini, lembar demi lembar dapat memberikan inspirasi dan wacana dalam mengelola suatu kawasan konservasi. Dewan Redaksi Penanggungjawab : Rudijanta Tjahja Nugraha (Kepala Balai TN Alas Purwo) Redaktur : Bagyo Kristiono Penyunting / Editor : Dian Sulastini, Vera Tisnawati, Milla Septiana, Adi Sulistyo Desain Grafis : M. Farikhin Yanuarefa Fotografer : Gendut Hariyanto Sekretariat : Suharto, Yulia Artania Mala, Joko Utami, Agustriyani Wijayanti Alamat Redaksi : Jl. Brawijaya. No. 20 Telp. (0333) 428675 Fax. (0333) 428675 Banyuwangi - 68417 Website: www.tnalaspurwo.org Email : [email protected] 2 Buletin Manilkara kauki EDISI VIV TAHU TAHUNN 201 20122 Daftar Isi Tajuk Utama ' Kebakaran Hutan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo ' Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) ' Peralatan Pemadaman Kebakaran Hutan Sebagai Salah Satu Penentu Keberhasilan Operasi Pemadaman ' Regu Brigdalkar Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo ' Sekat Bakar Cara Efektif Melokalisir dan Meminimalisir Kebakaran Hutan Reportase ' Pembinaan Pegawai Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Artikel ' Jelarang di Resort Bedul, Taman Nasional Alas Purwo ' Menanam Pohon dan Membangun Hutan di Sekitar Kita ' RAPTOR di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Buletin Manilkara kauki 3 EDISIEDISI VIV TAHUNTAHUN 20120122 Tajuk Utama KEBAKARAN HUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO Oleh : Suyanto (Polhut Pelaksana Lanjutan) 4 Buletin Manilkara kauki EDISI VIV TAHU TAHUNN 201 20122 Kebakaran hutan di Taman Nasional B. Jenis Kebakaran hutan Alas Purwo hampir setiap tahun Jenis kebakaran hutan yang terjadi terutama saat musim terjadi di TN. Alas Purwo kemarau, yaitu antara bulan Juli dipengaruhi tipe topografi, sampai dengan Nopember. Adapun iklim, serta bahan bakar yang karakteristik kebakaran hutan di ada. Taman Nasional Alas Purwo kawasan hutan TN. Alas Purwo termasuk tipe iklim E dengan meliputi : nilai Q rata-rata antara 100 – A. Tipe Topografi Kawasan Taman 167 %, rata-rata curah hujan Nasional Alas Purwo. berkisar antara 1000 – 1500 mm per tahun, temperatur berkisar Secara umum kawasan Taman 0 0 Nasional Alas Purwo mempunyai antara 22 -31 C dengan topografi datar bergelombang kelembaban antara 40 s/d 85 %. ringan sampai berat dengan Dari kebakaran hutan yang telah puncak tertinggi Gunung Lingga terjadi jenis kebakaran hutan di Manis (322 m). Di beberapa TN. Alas Purwo meliputi : tempat terdapat bukit Gamping - Kebakaran permukaan yang terjal menjorok kelaut dengan vegetasi semak dan membentuk tebing pantaiyang tumbuhan perdu dengan terjal terutama terdapat disekitar intensitas kebakaran sering Tanjung Sembulungan sampai terjadi. Tanjung Kucur disebelah Timur. Buletin Manilkara kauki 5 EDISIEDISI VIV TAHUNTAHUN 20120122 - Kebakaran tajuk dengan kebakaran hutan terjadi pada vegetasi Bambu, dengan bulan September sampai dengan intensitas kebakaran jarang Nopember. Selama Tahun 2010 terjadi. tidak terjadi kebakaran hutan dikarenakan hujan yang turun C. Lokasi dan Frekwensi Kebakaran terus menerus sampai dengan Lokasi yang rawan kebakaran akhir tahun. Sedangkan Tahun hutan di Taman Nasional Alas 2011 terjadi peningkatan luasan Purwo meliputi kawasan hutan kebakaran yang cukup tajam, yang berdekatan dengan areal karena lokasi kebakaran adalah Hutan Produksi Perum Perhutani zona Tradisional dan Zona yang digunakan masyarakat Rehabilitasi TNAP yang dulunya untuk PHBM karena kawasan dikelola oleh Perum Perhutani TN. Alas Purwo berbatasan dengan tanaman jatinya. Areal langsung dengan kawasan tersebut pada musim kemarau Hutan Produksi Perhutani. banyak terdapat serasah daun jati Kebakaran terjadi karena dari pengguguran daun pohon mereka melakukan pembakaran jati yang kekeringan. serasah dibawah tegakan jati yang tidak terkendali. Selain itu Pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya daerah yang rawan kebakaran kebakaran pada areal tersebut adalah kawasan hutan dengan tidak masuk dalam laporan dominasi tumbuhan Bambu yang kebakaran hutan Balai TN Alas berada di kelerengan. Dari data Purwo. Dengan kembalinya Kebakaran Hutan TN. Alas Purwo pengelolaan kawasan tersebut tahun 2007 s/d 2009 frekwensi 6 Buletin Manilkara kauki EDISI VIV TAHU TAHUNN 201 20122 ke TNAP, maka setiap kejadian D. Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan pada areal tersebut harus Secara umum kebakaran hutan dilaporkan. Pada tahun 2011 yang terjadi di TN. Alas Purwo terjadi kebakaran yang sangat adalah karena kelalaian manusia luas yaitu sebesar 171,92 Ha. baik melalui pembukaan lahan Pada umumnya vegetasi yang yang berada di Hutan Produksi terbakar adalah serasah daun oleh masyarakat, pembakaran jati dan hutan rimba yang serasah daun jati di hutan didominasi oleh bambu. Kedua produksi, kesengajaan pemburu pohon tersebut pada saat untuk mengalihkan perhatian musim kemarau kondisinya petugas atau mengasapi daging sangat kering sehingga mudah hasil buruan, maupun karena terbakar. Adapun luasan pembakaran serasah daun kebakaran selama 5 tahun oleh para pencari hasil hutan terakhir dapat dilihat pada bukan kayu seperti kemiri dan gambar di bawah ini. juga nelayan yang membuat perapian di tempat yang rawan kebakaran. Buletin Manilkara kauki 7 EDISIEDISI VIV TAHUNTAHUN 20120122 MASYARAKAT PEDULI API (MPA) MEMBANGUN KEPEDULIAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BAHAYA KEBAKARAN HUTAN oleh : Arifin Suntoro (Polhut Penyelia) Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) adalah anggota masyarakat dari berbagai profesi yang mempunyai kepedulian terhadap kelestarian hutan dan terhadap pengendalian kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang dengan sukarela menyatakan kesediaannya untuk melakukan pengendalian kebakaran hutan sesuai dengan keahlian dan ketrampilan yang dimilikinya secara sukarela tanpa mengharapkan insentif apapun. MPA bertugas membantu Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pencegahan, pemadaman dan penanggulangan kebakaran hutan. Sedangkan fungsinya adalah: 8 Buletin Manilkara kauki EDISI VIV TAHU TAHUNN 201 20122 1. Menjadi mitra Balai TN Alas Pada tahun 2010 Balai TN Alas Purwo Purwo dalam memberi kembali membentuk kelompok MPA penyuluhan dan penerangan dengan beranggotakan 30 orang. kepada masyarakat sekitar Kelompok MPA yang dibentuk hutan akan bahaya kebakaran tersebut domisilinya berdekatan atau dan upaya yang dilakukan berbatasan dengan kawasan hutan dalam mencegah kebakaran dan sehingga diharapkan berperan dalam pemadaman dini. upaya pengendalian kebakaran 2. Membantu Balai TN Alas Purwo hutan yang terjadi di wilayahnya. melakukan patroli pencegahan Setiap tahun Regu Brigdalkar dan pemadaman api sesuai melakukan pembinaan terhadap keterampilan. kelompok MPA tersebut untuk terus mengasah rasa kepedulian dan 3. Melaporkan ke desa atau Balai keterampilan MPA dalam upaya TN Alas Purwo jika ada pelaku pengendalian kebakaran hutan. pembakaran hutan. Buletin Manilkara kauki 9 EDISIEDISI VIV TAHUNTAHUN 20120122 PERALATAN PEMADAMAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PENENTU KEBERHASILAN OPERASI PEMADAMAN Oleh : Hariyanto (Polhut Pelaksana Lanjutan) Australia yang biasanya kebakaran tajuk bisa menggunakan pesawat atau helikopter pengangkut air untuk operasi pemadamannya, akan tetapi tidak akan efektif digunakan di Sumatera yang kebakaran hutannya adalah kebakaran bawah (lahan gambut). Oleh karena itu ketepatan pemilihan alat akan menentukan keberhasilan opersi pemadaman kebakaran hutan. Meskipun demikian Ketepatan pemilihan peralatan yang tidak ada salahnya kita mengetahui akan digunakan dalam pemadaman macam-macam peralatan kebakaran hutan sangat menentukan pemadaman kebakaran hutan yang keberhasilan operasi pemadaman. ada. Tidak semua perlatan bisa digunakan di semua tempat kebakaran hutan. Di Peralatan pemadaman setiap wilayah memiliki karakteristik dikelompokkan dalam berbagai masing-masing sehingga peralatan kategori antara lain : yang digunakan juga akan berbeda. 1. Peralatan Tangan Seperti contoh kebakaran hutan di Peralatan tangan jenis-jenisnya Sumatera dengan yang terjadi di terdiri dari : Amerika atau Australia jelas sangat a. Alat potong yang antara lain berbeda. Kalau di Amerika atau 10 Buletin Manilkara kauki EDISI VIV TAHU TAHUNN 201 20122 a.1. Kapak Dua fungsi dengan kapak. Fungsinya adalah a.4. Golok atau sejenisnya untuk memotong Fungsinya untuk pohon kecil dan membersihkan semak dapat digunakan juga belukar yang lebat, untuk mencongkel, pemangkasan ranting- menggaruk dan ranting pada saat menggali dalam pembuatan ilaran api. pembuatan ilaran api. b. Alat Garu a.2. Kapak Dua Mata b.1. Garu Tajam Fungsinya adalah Digunakan dalam untuk memotong pembuatan ilaran api, pohon kecil hingga sisi kebakaran dan sedang, pemangkasan operasi pemadaman dan penebangan kebakaran, alat ini pohon pada sangat tepat untuk pembuatan ilaran api. pembuatan ilaran a.3. Pengait Semak api pada hutan yang Fungsinya untuk menggugurkan daun. membersihkan semak b.2. Garu Sekop belukar yang lebat Bilahnya digunakan pada lokasi-lokasi untuk memotong yang sulit dijangkau rumput, serasah yang Buletin Manilkara kauki 11 EDISIEDISI VIV TAHUNTAHUN 20120122
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