DOCSLIB.ORG

PRESTON TITHEBARN REGENERATION, PRESTON, Lancashire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PRESTON TITHEBARN REGENERATION, PRESTON, Lancashire PRESTON TITHEBARN REGENERATION, PRESTON, Lancashire Archaeological desk-based assessment Oxford Archaeology North November 2007 Ramboll Whitybird, on behalf of the Preston Tithebarn Partnership NGR (centred): SD 541 294 OA North Ref No: L9902 Preston Tithebarn Regeneration Area, Preston, Lancashire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 1 CONTENTS SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................7 1.1 Circumstances of Project.....................................................................................7 2. METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................9 2.1 Project Design.....................................................................................................9 2.2 Legislative Framework........................................................................................9 2.3 Planning Policy Context....................................................................................10 2.4 Desk-Based Assessment....................................................................................12 2.5 Walkover Survey...............................................................................................13 2.6 Assessment Methodology .................................................................................13 2.7 Archive..............................................................................................................17 3. BASELINE POSITION .................................................................................................19 3.1 Site Location .....................................................................................................19 3.2 Site Geology......................................................................................................19 3.3 Historical and Archaeological Background ......................................................19 3.4 Map Regression Analysis..................................................................................25 3.5 Walkover Survey...............................................................................................31 4. GAZETTEER OF SITES ..............................................................................................35 5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS .............................................................................63 5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................63 5.2 Importance and Sensitivity of Affected Cultural Heritage Remains ................64 6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT .........................................................................................67 6.1 Potential Effects and Scale of Impacts (in the Absence of Mitigation) ............67 6.2 Impact Significance (in the Absence of Mitigation).........................................68 For the use of Ramboll Whitbybird, on behalf of Preston Tithebarn Partnership © OA North: November 2007 Preston Tithebarn Regeneration Area, Preston, Lancashire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 2 7. RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................................77 7.1 Recommendations for Further Work ................................................................77 7.2 Residual Effects ................................................................................................80 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................81 8.1 Cartographic Sources ........................................................................................81 8.2 Secondary Sources ............................................................................................81 9. ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................................83 9.1 Figures...............................................................................................................83 9.2 Plates.................................................................................................................83 APPENDIX 1: P ROJECT DESIGN ....................................................................................85 For the use of Ramboll Whitbybird, on behalf of Preston Tithebarn Partnership © OA North: November 2007 Preston Tithebarn Regeneration Area, Preston, Lancashire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 3 SUMMARY Preston Tithebarn Partnership propose to redevelop an area centred on Tithebarn Street, Preston, Lancashire (NGR centred SD 541294) for retail, residential and business use, including the proposed relocation of the bus station. Ramboll Whitbybird, on behalf of their client Preston Tithebarn Partnership, requested Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment of the proposed development area for the purposes of an Environmental Impact Assessment to accompany the planning application. The assessment determined the potential for effects by the proposed development on the archaeological remains as an environmental factor. It comprised a search of both published and unpublished records held by the Historic Environment Record (HER) in Preston, the Lancashire County Record Office in Preston, and the archives and library held at the Harris Library and at OA North. A walkover survey was carried out in order to relate the landscape and surroundings to the results of the desk-based assessment and assess whether there were any additional sites to those found during the research. The earliest known archaeological site positioned within the application area is the projected line of the Roman road from Wigan to Lancaster (Site 22 ). The line of the road is postulated to run along Manchester Road and under the present bus station (Site 73 ). It is possible that there may be associated remains in the form of roadside development. The southern and south-western areas of the outlined application area lie within the eastern side of the known medieval core settlement of Preston, with surviving traces of burgage plot boundaries (Sites 23 and 24 ). The Market Square conservation area exists to the west and is surrounded by civic buildings that are mainly Grade II (Sites 09 , 12 , 13 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 56 and 70 ), but also includes a Grade II* (Site 57 ) and a Grade I building (Site 69 ). In addition, there are numerous listed buildings known to exist across the site, three of which are proposed for demolition; 131a and 133 Church Street (Sites 07 and 08 ), and 21-23 Lord Street (Site 11 ), both Grade II listed. With the onset of the industrial era and the growth of the textile industry, and a combination of the opening of the Lancaster Canal in 1797 and later the incoming railway in 1803, Preston grew rapidly during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In turn, there was extensive development, seen within the application site boundary, on the eastern side in particular. Rows of terraced houses were built to accommodate the mill workers (Sites 36 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 and 47 ). There are a number of mills, warehouses and foundries within the application boundary, (Sites 01 , 04 , 07 , 11 , 18 , 21 , 25 , 30 , 35, 41 , 48 , 71 ), as well as buildings to accommodate the mill workers’ educational and religious needs (Sites 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 52 and 72 ). For each site likely to be impacted upon, a recommendation has been made in order to evaluate the archaeological resource. In addition to the site-specific recommendations, and in consultation with LCAS, a general overall evaluation strategy will be undertaken to assess the presence, extent and nature of the known and the unknown archaeological resource that could not be identified through desk-based research. This will be carried out simultaneously with the geotechnical site investigation works in early 2008, consisting of an archaeological excavation of the upper deposits of 2m x 2m geotechnical trial pits; the archaeological monitoring of geotechnical trial pits; excavation of evaluation trenches measuring up to 10m long and 2m wide. The results For the use of Ramboll Whitbybird, on behalf of Preston Tithebarn Partnership © OA North: November 2007 Preston Tithebarn Regeneration Area, Preston, Lancashire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 4 of this investigation aim to provide the necessary information to propose a mitigation strategy for both the known and as yet unknown archaeological resource, either by preservation by record or preservation in situ . Where Statutory Designated sites (listed buildings) are adversely affected it is recommended that English Heritage be consulted (see Built Heritage study for further details). Following the finalisation of the construction details, a more precise impact assessment may require a revision of the recommendations. For the short term, areas identified as having minimal intrusion or impact during construction of the proposed development should also be considered for exclusion, enabling any potentially preserved below ground remains to be left undisturbed and in situ , in accordance with PPG16. Generally, this would include, for example, the regrading of current car parks where intrusive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collections Development Policy
    Collections Development Policy Harris Museum & Art Gallery Preston City Council Date approved: December 2016 Review date: By June 2018 The Harris collections development policy will be published and reviewed from time to time, currently every 12-18 months while the Re-Imagining the Harris project develops. Arts Council England will be notified of any changes to the collections development policy, and the implications of any such changes for the future of the Harris’ collections. 1. Relationship to other relevant policies/plans of the organisation: The Collections Development Policy should be read in the wider context of the Harris’ Documentation Policy and Documentation Plan, Collections Care and Conservation Policy, Access Policy Statement and the Harris Plan. 1.1. The Harris’ statement of purpose is: The Re-Imagining the Harris project builds on four key principles of creativity, democracy, animation and permeability to create an open, flexible and responsive cultural hub led by its communities and inspired by its collections. 1.2. Preston City Council will ensure that both acquisition and disposal are carried out openly and with transparency. 1.3. By definition, the Harris has a long-term purpose and holds collections in trust for the benefit of the public in relation to its stated objectives. Preston City Council therefore accepts the principle that sound curatorial reasons must be established before consideration is given to any acquisition to the collection, or the disposal of any items in the Harris’ collection. 1.4. Acquisitions outside the current stated policy will only be made in exceptional circumstances. 1.5. The Harris recognises its responsibility, when acquiring additions to its collections, to ensure that care of collections, documentation arrangements and use of collections will meet the requirements of the Museum Accreditation Standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Winckley Square Around Here’ the Geography Is Key to the History Walton
    Replica of the ceremonial Roman cavalry helmet (c100 A.D.) The last battle fought on English soil was the battle of Preston in unchallenged across the bridge and began to surround Preston discovered at Ribchester in 1796: photo Steve Harrison 1715. Jacobites (the word comes from the Latin for James- town centre. The battle that followed resulted in far more Jacobus) were the supporters of James, the Old Pretender; son Government deaths than of Jacobites but led ultimately to the of the deposed James II. They wanted to see the Stuart line surrender of the supporters of James. It was recorded at the time ‘Not much history restored in place of the Protestant George I. that the Jacobite Gentlemen Ocers, having declared James the King in Preston Market Square, spent the next few days The Jacobites occupied Preston in November 1715. Meanwhile celebrating and drinking; enchanted by the beauty of the the Government forces marched from the south and east to women of Preston. Having married a beautiful woman I met in a By Steve Harrison: Preston. The Jacobites made no attempt to block the bridge at Preston pub, not far from the same market square, I know the Friend of Winckley Square around here’ The Geography is key to the History Walton. The Government forces of George I marched feeling. The Ribble Valley acts both as a route and as a barrier. St What is apparent to the Friends of Winckley Square (FoWS) is that every aspect of the Leonard’s is built on top of the millstone grit hill which stands between the Rivers Ribble and Darwen.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Lancashire Open Space Assessment Report
    CENTRAL LANCASHIRE OPEN SPACE ASSESSMENT REPORT FEBRUARY 2019 Knight, Kavanagh & Page Ltd Company No: 9145032 (England) MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS Registered Office: 1 -2 Frecheville Court, off Knowsley Street, Bury BL9 0UF T: 0161 764 7040 E: [email protected] www.kkp.co.uk Quality assurance Name Date Report origination AL / CD July 2018 Quality control CMF July 2018 Client comments Various Sept/Oct/Nov/Dec 2018 Revised version KKP February 2019 Agreed sign off April 2019 Contents PART 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Report structure ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2 National context ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Local context ........................................................................................................... 3 PART 2: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 4 2.1 Analysis area and population .................................................................................. 4 2.2 Auditing local provision (supply) .............................................................................. 6 2.3 Quality and value .................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Quality and value thresholds ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Tarleton & Hesketh Bank and Their Maritime Past
    The History of Tarleton & Hesketh Bank and their Maritime Past “We Built This Village on Rock’n’Coal” By David Edmondson A version of this book is accessible on-line at http://www.heskethbank.com/history.html It is intended that the on-line version will be amended and updated as further information on the villages’ history emerges The author can be contacted on: [email protected] 1 Index Dedication Preface Introduction Geography & General History of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Time line Village photographs Tarleton & Hesketh Bank Population – Names and Numbers Population Infant mortality, life expectancy, and Causes of Death Surnames Occupations What did Village People Look Like and Sound Like? Influences on the Maritime Economy Roads Rivers Canals Railways Cargos on the Ribble-Douglas-Canal waterway Sailing Ships Built at Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Historical Background List of Ships Built at Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Boatmen, Sailors and Mariners List of Identified Mariners of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Ship Owners List of Ships with Owners from Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Summary A Bonus: Oddments Collected along the Way: Crime, Religion, Mayors of Tarleton, Types of Sailing Ships, Reading Old Handwriting, Local Dialect, Chelsea Pensioner, Col. Banastre Tarleton Further Sources to be Explored 2 This book is dedicated to my father: John Henry Edmondson 1914-1999 He was born in Tarleton and died in Tarleton. In between he was postman to the villages of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank for 32 years, and was Clerk to Tarleton Parish Council for 48 years. He knew the villages well and was well known in the villages.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites Teacher & Adult Helper
    Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites Teacher & Adult Helper Notes Contents 1 Visiting the Exhibition 2 The Exhibition 3 Answers to the Trail Page 1 – Family Tree Page 2 – 1689 (James VII and II) Page 3 – 1708 (James VIII and III) Page 4 – 1745 (Bonnie Prince Charlie) 4 After your visit 5 Additional Resources National Museums Scotland Scottish Charity, No. SC011130 illustrations © Jenny Proudfoot www.jennyproudfoot.co.uk Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites Teacher & Adult Helper Notes 1 Introduction Explore the real story of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, and the rise and fall of the Jacobites. Step into the world of the Royal House of Stuart, one dynasty divided into two courts by religion, politics and war, each fighting for the throne of thethree kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland. Discover how four Jacobite kings became pawns in a much wider European political game. And follow the Jacobites’ fight to regain their lost kingdoms through five challenges to the throne, the last ending in crushing defeat at the Battle of Culloden and Bonnie Prince Charlie’s escape to the Isle of Skye and onwards to Europe. The schools trail will help your class explore the exhibition and the Jacobite story through three key players: James VII and II, James VIII and III and Bonnie Prince Charlie. 1. Visiting the Exhibition (Please share this information with your adult helpers) Page Character Year Exhibition sections Important information 1 N/A N/A The Stuart Dynasty and the Union of the Crowns • Food and drink is not permitted 2 James VII 1688 Dynasty restored, Dynasty • Photography is not allowed and II divided, A court in exile • When completing the trail, ensure pupils use a pencil 3 James VIII 1708- The challenges of James VIII and III 1715 and III, All roads lead to Rome • You will enter and exit via different doors.
    [Show full text]
  • Aprilapril 20132013
    The Preston IssueIssue 99 Magazine AprilApril 20132013 EastertideEastertide 18821882 EasterEaster LiftingLifting PrestonPreston LetterLetter CarrierCarrier F R E E Penwortham Supported & Printed by: ACADEMY Preston Digital Archive Annual Appeal Our initial goal of collecting 8000 images before the commencement of Preston Guild 2012 has been met, but we need your help to expand the collection even more. So, cap in hand, like Oliver Twist, we humbly ask for more. We know you must have musty old albums, biscuits tins and the odd sock drawer full of interesting items of Preston and the surrounding areas past. So how can you submit them to us ….. Read on ! 1. If you have to ability to scan them to your computer, you can send them to our email address as attachments (300 dpi. Photo quality please) to [email protected] 2. For the technically among us you can mail material to our local address. We will make copies and return them to you (at our cost) Our mailing address is as follows Preston Digital Archive, PO Box 1316, Preston PR1 ORT. Please remember to include a return address. 3. For heavier/bulky items such as postcard collection etc. one of our local volunteers may be able to pick up and collect or scan on site. Please let us know your preference. (Call us on 07733 321911) So what are we looking for, obviously photographs form the core of our collection, images of commercial or industrial activity, lost streets and buildings, social activity and gatherings etc. We love to receive post cards, especially RP-PPC (Real Photo Picture Post Cards) Ephemera covers a broad spectrum of items and would include such items as theatre programmes, invitations, magazine articles, old advertisements and newspaper cuttings, also old church magazines.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal 2 2018 Events and Cultural Services Sponsorship Proposal
    2018 EVENTS AND CULTURAL SERVICES SPONSORSHIP PROPOSAL 2 2018 EVENTS AND CULTURAL SERVICES SPONSORSHIP PROPOSAL Forward I am pleased to present a quality programme of events for Preston that have a positive impact on attracting visitors, contributing towards the local economy, building civic pride and ensuring Preston is a dynamic city to live, work and visit. As you will see the Council is investing in a wide variety of events throughout the year, catering for a wide range of tastes. We are building on a strong legacy of delivery and I am sure you will agree the statistics speak for themselves in presenting a positive picture of what we have achieved over the past couple of years. To continue to grow the offer and raise the quality we need to work with local businesses and the private sector to grow the investment and ensure we work together to continue to support the development of Preston as a thriving centre in the County. This proposal outlines the range of sponsorship opportunities and benefits available and I am confident you will find a package to suit your needs. I look forward to working with you! Cllr Peter Kelly Executive Member for Culture and Leisure 2018 EVENTS AND CULTURAL SERVICES SPONSORSHIP PROPOSAL 3 Harris Live Outdoors - Brand New Event When: 1st June 2018 OUTDOORS A new exciting event to kick start the summer programme and introduce the Harris as a dynamic cultural hub connecting out to the city from its grand pillars and pediment. Harris Live Outdoors will feature Renegade Brass Band performing live from the steps of the Harris for an evening of top quality and quirky entertainment.
    [Show full text]
  • Insert Document Title What's New in England 2015 and Beyond for The
    Insert Document Title Here What’s New in England 2015 and Beyond For the most up to date guide, please check: http://www.visitengland.org/media/resources/whats_new.aspx 1. Accommodation Bouja by Hoseasons, Devon and Hampshire From 30 January Hoseasons will be introducing ‘affordable luxury breaks’ under new brand Bouja. Set across six countryside and coastal locations, Bouja will offer holiday homes with a deck, patio or private garden, as well as amenities including a flat-screen TV. Bike hire, nature trails and great quality bistros and restaurants will be offered nearby, while quirkier spaces will be provided by the designer Bouja Boutique. Beach Cove Coastal Retreat will be the first location to open, with others following throughout Q1. http://www.hoseasons.co.uk/ The Hospital Club, London January The former hospital turned ‘creative hub’, The Hospital Club, has now added 15 hotel rooms to its Covent Garden venue. The rooms boast sumptuous interiors and stained glass by Russell Sage studios, providing guests with a home away from home. Suites also include a private terrace, rainforest showers and lounge area. Rooms start from £180 per night. http://www.thehospitalclub.com The 25 Boutique, Torquay January A luxury 5 star boutique B&B, is located a 10 minute walk from the centre of Torquay and close by to the Riviera International Centre and Torre abbey. Each room is individually designed and provides different sizes and amenities. http://www.the25.uk/ The Seaside Boarding House, Restaurant & Bar, Burton Bradstock February/March The Seaside Boarding House Restaurant and Bar is set on the cliffs overlooking the sweep of Dorset’s famous Chesil Beach and the wide expanse of Lyme Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’S Cotton Frontier C.1890-1950
    Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’s Cotton Frontier c.1890-1950 By Jack Southern A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of a PhD, at the University of Central Lancashire April 2016 1 i University of Central Lancashire STUDENT DECLARATION FORM I declare that whilst being registered as a candidate of the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another aware of the University or other academic or professional institution. I declare that no material contained in this thesis has been used for any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Signature of Candidate ________________________________________________ Type of Award: Doctor of Philosophy School: Education and Social Sciences ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the evolution of identity and community within north east Lancashire during a period when the area gained regional and national prominence through its involvement in the cotton industry. It examines how the overarching shared culture of the area could evolve under altering economic conditions, and how expressions of identity fluctuated through the cotton industry’s peak and decline. In effect, it explores how local populations could shape and be shaped by the cotton industry. By focusing on a compact area with diverse settlements, this thesis contributes to the wider understanding of what it was to live in an area dominated by a single industry. The complex legacy that the cotton industry’s decline has had is explored through a range of settlement types, from large town to small village.
    [Show full text]
  • Preston Map 30.1.2014.Indd
    Museums, Arts & Shopping Landmarks & Parks Transport Information Miscellaneous Entertainment Cannon Street E3 Arkwright’s House F3 Bus Station F2 County Hall C4 Cotton Court G3 53 degrees C1 Fishergate Shopping Centre D4 Avenham Park E5 Park & Ride Parking A4,J5 Lancashire Records Office C3 Driving Theory Test Centre E4 Frog & Bucket Comedy Club F3 Friargate D2,E3 Avenham Pavilion E6 Park & Ride Town Hall F3 Post Office D4 Guild Hall & Charter Theatre F3 Fishergate D3,E3 Flag Market E3 Pick up C4,D4,E3,F2,F3,H3 Visitor Information Centre F3 University of Central Harris Museum & Art Gallery F3 Guild Hall Street E3 Harris Institute E5 Railway Station C4 Lancashire (UCLan) C1,C2 Korova D3 Lune Street D3 Miller Arcade F3 Shopmobility E3 Museum of Lancashire H2 Markets E2 Miller Park D6 Taxi Ranks C4,F3,F2 Playhouse Theatre D2 Miller Arcade F3 Preston Minster F3 PR1 Gallery C1 St George’s Shopping Centre E3 St Walburge’s Church B1 Map Key Preston The Continental C6 Winckley Street E4 Winckley Square E4 Please see reverse A B C D E F G H I J STREET L ON Police Division A PR1 Gallery T N D ) A583 Towards ) Headquarters C A6 Towards Noor Hall A6063 Towards 3 B6243 Towards AS A N HARRING 1 E 4 S O 2 Blackpool MAUDLAND 7 ST Blackpool M55 (J1) Mosque E Preston North End 6 G H T Longridge 53 Degrees EE T G R (B 0 STR E P E TON STREET TON N T E E OFFREY 5 OW R D N F CR ELLIN H A A A S L 1 Riversway Docklands Y ( R M M6 (J32) A Deepdale L Student R HO T N O MEADOW STREET L O D E V T A O LS I E Shopping Park E Hanover E Union L E L Ribble Steam Railway
    [Show full text]
  • Peterloo, 'Orator' Hunt Do You Remember?
    Summer 2019 Issue 9 Preston Historical Society NEWSLETTER Do you remember? Your help needed Issue 9 Summer 2019 Peterloo, ‘Orator’ Hunt The aims and objectives of the Preston Historical Society are to promote and Preston Dr Robert Poole’s talk on the study of local Monday 13 May 2019, Do you know where and when these Preston celebrities lived? history in Preston and Lancashire by way Jimmy Clitheroe (1921–1973), the diminutive comedian and will be about Preston of social and natural radio star, may have lived at 84 Malvern Avenue, Frenchwood. history talks given and the Peterloo Massacre Is this true? Does anyone remember him? The trumpeter by local historians Eddie Calvert (1922–78), who enjoyed a hit record ‘Oh mein and speakers, various Hewitson, ‘threw the Huntites into a high papa’ in 1953, was born in Preston. Where? Delia Derbyshire events, and by using state of ecstacy’. A special medal was issued (1937–2001), the electronic music pioneer and joint-creator social media such as for Hunt’s voters inscribed “H. Hunt, Esqr., of the Doctor Who theme, moved to Preston in 1940 where Facebook and Twitter. M.P. for Preston, Dec. 24, 1830: The time is Wikipedia claims most of her relatives live. Are you one? Do Meetings usually start come. The triumph of principle”. Hunt’s you know where she lived and for how long? at 7.15 pm on the first parliamentary career, which lasted until Monday of each month 1832, was a lively one. He presented to during the season. The seasonal membership parliament the first petition for women’s What’s on subscription is £12.50.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short Essay About Preston Written by Desiree Le
    qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd fghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuPrestoniopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopThea sdevelopmentdfghjk ofl za cityxc throughoutvbnm qwertyui the centuries opasdfghjklzxcvDesireeb nLe Clairem qSG E/1wertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwEnglischer beit Frauyu Kaphegyiiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz Inhaltsverzeichnis: General Information S. 3 Pre-industrial era “ How the city changed during the S. 4 industrialization Developments in the 20th century S. 5 The city today S. 6 Pictures S. 7 Eigenständigkeitserklärung S. 10 Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis S. 11 Anhang S. 12 2 Preston The development of a city throughout the centuries 1. General information Preston is a city in the shire county of Lancashire, in the North West of England in the sovereign state of the United Kingdom. It’s “located on the north bank of the River Ribble.” (picture 1) 114,300 people live there (ONS, June 2008).1 With 142.22km² it’s about 65km² smaller than Stuttgart. 2 “… The name Preston is derived from Old English words meaning “Priest settlement” and in the Domesday Book appears as Prestune.” 3 The Domesday Book was completed in 1086 and it’s a collection of the great survey of England and Wales. 4 2. Pre-industrial era (shortly before the IR) The plague in November 1631 killed 1100 people in Preston in 12 month. The civil war from 1630 to 1650 and the Battle of Preston in 1648 have been very bad for the town, too. 5 The Jacobite Battle in November 1715 describes the battle, when the troops of King George defeated a Jacobite Army of 2,000 soldiers in the Church Street of Preston.
    [Show full text]