AQA GCSE Geography Complete Case Study and Example Booklet Complete List of Case Studies and Named Examples for the Course
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AQA GCSE Geography Complete Case Study and Example Booklet Complete list of case studies and named examples for the course: Paper 1 Effects of and responses to a tectonic hazard in a HIC L’Aquila Effects of and responses to a tectonic hazard in a LIC Nepal Impacts of a Tropical Storm on people and the Typhoon Haiyan environment Extreme weather event in the UK Somerset Levels Example of a small scale ecosystem Freshwater pond, UK Case Study of a Tropical Rainforest Malaysian Rainforest Development of a Cold Environment Svalbard Coastal landforms and processes Dorset Coastal management strategies Lyme Regis Distinctive fluvial landforms River Tees River Management strategies Banbury Paper 2 Urban growth in an NEE (opportunities and challenges) Rio de Janeiro Urban growth in the UK (opportunities and challenges) Liverpool UK Urban regeneration project Albert Dock Growth of tourism in an LIC to reduce development gap Kenya Rapid economic development in an LIC Nigeria Modern industrial development can be more Torr Quarry, Somerset environmentally sustainable Advantages and disadvantages of a fossil fuel Natural gas in the Amazon Local renewable energy scheme in an LIC Rice husk biomass, Bihar India L’Aquila Earthquake Your example of an earthquake in a HIC What? 6.3 Magnitude Earthquake Where? L’Aquila, Central Italy When? 6th April 2009 Why? The oceanic African plate is subducting beneath the continental Eurasian plate. IMPACTS Economic Social Environmental Businesses destroyed 15,000 buildings collapsed Destruction of habitats Bridge connecting city to Salvatore Hospital damaged 1000 square km of land nearby towns destroyed. affected by surface ruptures 308 people killed PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY $11.4m total damage 67,500 people homeless 300 aftershocks up to 4.5 on House prices and rents University applicants declined richter scale. increased Fires killed people in damaged Landslides triggered by Decreased tourism in L’Aquila buildings aftershocks RESPONSES Why were the responses Taxes cancelled for residents in effective? Hotels sheltered 10,000 2010 homeless people. Long-term • Italy is a rich country so 40,000 tents issued to the government had homeless. Students university fees available funds after Immediate scrapped. earthquake. • Emergency response Italian Red Cross were Investigation into why was rapid due to good searching for survivors ‘earthquake proof’ buildings training. within an hour. collapsed. • Excellent medical facilities to treat the injured. Nepal Earthquake Your example of an earthquake in a LIC What? 7.6 Magnitude Earthquake Where? NW of Kathmandu, Nepal When? 28th April 2015 Why? The continental Indian plate is moving into the continental Eurasian plate forming fold mountains. IMPACTS Economic Social Environmental International airport was 8,800 people killed Death of wildlife species destroyed. 26 hospitals destroyed Large faults appeared in the 50% of shops were destroyed ground Half of schools destroyed PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY $10bn total damage 1 million people homeless 325 aftershocks Tourism has declined Huge food shortages Avalanche triggered on Mount Everest killing 19 people Looting broke out Disease broke out due to buried bodies. RESPONSES Why were the responses Search and rescue teams 7000 schools not very effective? arrived quickly from the need to be UK and India. rebuilt or Long-term repaired. • Nepal is a poor country Half a and does not have million Stricter controls on reserves of money for tents Immediate building codes to be disasters like this. issued to implemented • Emergency response homeless. was limited due to poor In 2015 Nepal hosted equipment. Helicopters rescued many an international • Poor building standards people caught in conference to seek avalanches on Mt Everest. financial support from meant most buildings other countries. collapsed. Typhoon Haiyan Your named example of a tropical storm What? Category 5 typhoon Where? NW Pacific - Philippines When? 8th November 2014 400 195 7m mph mm IMPACTS Economic Social Environmental 30k fishing boats destroyed 6,300 people killed Widespread flooding 1.1m tonnes crops destroyed 40,000 homes damaged Thousands of trees uprooted 90% Tacloban city destroyed Power lines/ hospitals Oil tanker capsized by flood destroyed PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY $5.8 billion total damage 1.9m people homeless Habitat destruction 6m lost source of income Outbreak of disease/ looting Freshwater contamination Damaged airport reduced Power supplies cut off for a trade/ tourism month in some places 800,000 litre oil leak Why was Typhoon Haiyan RESPONSES so devastating? 1200 evacuation centres Oxfam replaced fishing set up. boats. • Extremely warm ocean 1m food packs and 250k Long-term temperatures fuelled the litres water distributed super typhoon. within 2 weeks. ‘Cash for work’ programmes • Storm surge was incredibly Immediate – people paid to clear debris high as it was channelled into and rebuild. a very narrow bay. US helicopters helped More typhoon shelters built • Hit one of the poorest regions with search and rescue. of the Philippines – low quality Storm surge warning housing, lack of education UK government sent system developed. and high population density. emergency kits. Somerset Levels Floods Your example of extreme weather in the UK What? Extensive Flood Event Where? Somerset, SW England When? December 2013 – February 2014 CAUSES It was the wettest Storm surges swept up The rivers had not been January since records the Bristol Channel – dredged in 20 years began – 350mm fell in preventing fresh water and were clogged with January and February. leaving the river. sediment. IMPACTS Economic Social Environmental Cost of damage £10 million. 600 houses flooded. Floodwater was contaminated with sewage. 14,000 ha of farmland flooded. Residents evacuated to temporary accommodation. Debris covered the land. 1000 livestock evacuated. Villages cut off. Animals drowned e.g. Local roads cut off – halting hedgehogs and badgers. commuters. Power supplies cut off. RESPONSES Will UK flooding become more extreme? Boats were used as a Scientists believe that flood form of transport to go Long-term shopping and attend risk in the UK will increase school. due to global warming: £20m Flood Action Plan has • More energy in the Immediate been introduced to reduce the atmosphere leads to more impact of future floods: intense storms and heavy • Rivers have been dredged Sandbags were used to rainfall. protect homes. • New flood defences installed • Future sea level rise will The fire service used rescue • Road levels raised increase the pressure boats to help stranded locals. exerted by storm surges. A Freshwater Pond Ecosystem Your Example of a Small-scale ecosystem Freshwater ponds provide a variety of habitats for plants and animals. There are big variations in the amount of light, water and oxygen available in different parts of a pond. Food Chain (Direct links between producers and consumers) Food Web (All connections between producers and consumers in an ecosystem) Heron Consumer Perch (fish) (Organism that consumers animals and/ or plants). Diving Beetle Midge Larva Producer (An organism that absorbs energy from Detritus (decaying the sun through leaves) Interdependence - All organisms in an photosynthesis). ecosystem depend upon each other. If the population of one organism rises or falls, then Natural Change Human Change this can affect the rest of the ecosystem. A drought could dry out the Agricultural fertilisers can pond in places so that lead to eutrophication. plants dry out and die. Fish Algae will grow out of may then be starved of control and deplete the oxygen and die too. oxygen – fish may die due to lack of oxygen. More perch are added to a pond. The perch will eat more small fish and frogs. Herons will have less food to eat. With fewer frogs, slugs will increase as they have fewer predators. Deforestation in Malaysia Your Case Study of a Tropical Rainforest Malaysia is located in South East Asia 67% of the land is covered by rainforest The rate of deforestation is increasing faster than any other tropical country in the world CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN MALAYSIA Logging Malaysia became the worlds Road Building largest exporter of tropical Roads are built to provide wood in the 1980’s. access to mines, new settlements and for logging trucks. Energy Projects The Bakun Dam generates Mineral Extraction 2400 MW of clean energy and 700km² of rainforest was Gold, copper and tin flooded by the reservoir. mining activities are common in Malaysia. Commercial Farming Malaysia is the largest exporter Population Pressure of palm oil in the world. Huge areas of forest have been 15,000 hectares of rainforest cleared to create plantations. were cleared for new settlers from urban areas between the 1950’s and 1980’s. Malaysia loses approximately 96,000 hectares of rainforest per year. Only 12% of remaining rainforest is considered ‘pristine’. Approximately 40% of rainforest has been removed by human activities. IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION IN MALAYSIA Climate Change Loss of Biodiversity Deforestation reduces the moisture in Rainforests contain half of the worlds the air from trees and leads to a drier plant and animal species. Deforestation climate. leads to habitat loss and therefore a Fewer trees means that more