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How Can Visual Satire Contribute to the Discourse on Displacement?

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How Can Visual Satire Contribute to the Discourse on Displacement? How Can Visual Satire Contribute to the Discourse on Displacement? Author Fetrati, Hesam Published 2017 Thesis Type Thesis (Professional Doctorate) School Queensland College of Art DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/1934 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366105 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au How Can Visual Satire Contribute to the Discourse on Displacement? Hesam Fetrati MVA Honours S2781626 Queensland College of Art, Arts, Education and Law Griffith University Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Visual Art August 2016 Statement of Originality: This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. Hesam Fetrati 19 August 2016 ——————————————— ———————— Student’s Name Date i Abstract The permanent displacement of millions of people across the globe represents a humanitarian crisis on a scale that the world has not encountered before. Dealing with mass migration is also a challenge for the governments of host countries and communities. Nations in the New World have shifted from welcoming and accommodating immigrants to adopting policy positions that are openly hostile. The theoretical frameworks developed to understand migration and to develop policy responses are breaking down under the acceleration of mass migration. This exegesis explores the shortcomings of these frameworks in accounting for the lived experience of migrants and refugees and discusses my artwork, which attempts to respond to this issue. In particular, my visual satire aims to inform, illuminate, and extend the current discourse (via media and academic theory) on displacement and migration. In carrying out this research project, I have engaged with migrants and refugees living in Logan and surrounding areas, which has highlighted aspects of the lived experience that are common across cultures, age groups and class but remains unsaid in the existing discourse. I have used visual symbols in my artworks to capture and express their experience; therefore, my work provides a means for extending and expanding the discourse to include this lived experience. A historical analysis of these symbols across time, culture and location provides a test of their relevance in approaching a complex issue such as displacement. This exegesis examines my work and its expression of the lived migrant experience in the historical context of displacement and the use of visual satire to engage with political discourse generally. It draws upon my experiences of working as a newspaper cartoonist in Iran and later as a migrant artist dealing with issues of displacement in my new home of Australia. As such, it discusses the political situation that has given rise to mass migration in Iran as well as the current treatment of refugees and asylum seekers in Australia. To contextualise my work, I also examine the work of three well-known visual satirists: Honoré Daumier, Ardeshir Mohasses, and Brad Holland. By comparing and contrasting their work with my own, I evidence the ways in which my work builds on the important history of visual satire and its place in humorously critiquing the world. ii Contents Statement of Originality: ...................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... ii Contents ............................................................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures (in Appendix) ...............................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Iran, the West, and Displacement ...........................................................................................................4 Chapter 2: Critical Discourse on Migration ...........................................................................................................10 2.1 Voluntarist and Structuralist Theories of Migration ....................................................................................11 2.2 The Theoretical Framework for International Migration .............................................................................14 2.2.1 Economy ...............................................................................................................................................15 2.2.2 Society ..................................................................................................................................................17 2.2.3 Linkage between Countries ..................................................................................................................19 2.2.4 Policy ....................................................................................................................................................20 2.3 Democracy and Globalisation ......................................................................................................................22 2.4 Geo-Political Borders ...................................................................................................................................23 2.5 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................25 Chapter 3: My Work in Relation to Other Visual Satirists’ Work .........................................................................26 3.1 Ardeshir Mohasses .......................................................................................................................................27 3.2 Brad Holland ................................................................................................................................................31 3.3 Honoré Daumier ...........................................................................................................................................36 3.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................39 Chapter 4: My Satirical Practice .............................................................................................................................41 4.1 Work Completed in Iran: Pre-Doctoral Practice ..........................................................................................41 4.2 Beyond Cartoons ..........................................................................................................................................44 4.3 Australian Work ...........................................................................................................................................45 4.3.1 No North Point ......................................................................................................................................46 4.3.2 The ‘Anticipation’ Series ......................................................................................................................50 4.3.3 Cross Cultural.......................................................................................................................................55 4.3.4 Street Art: Oilik ....................................................................................................................................57 4.3.5 Medallion of Selfishness .......................................................................................................................61 4.3.6 Real Australians Say Welcome? ...........................................................................................................63 4.3.7 Editorial Satire ......................................................................................................................................63 iii 4.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................67 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................................................69 References ..............................................................................................................................................................72 Appendix 1: Artworks ............................................................................................................................................77 Critical Discourse on Migration .........................................................................................................................77 Voluntarist and structural theories .....................................................................................................................78
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