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Amphibian and Reptile Surveys on and Around the Ashland, Beartooth, and Sioux Districts of the Custer-Gallatin National Forest: 2002-2015

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Amphibian and Reptile Surveys on and Around the Ashland, Beartooth, and Sioux Districts of the Custer-Gallatin National Forest: 2002-2015 Amphibian and Reptile Surveys on and around the Ashland, Beartooth, and Sioux Districts of the Custer-Gallatin National Forest: 2002-2015 Prepared for: Custer-Gallatin National Forest Prepared by: Bryce A. Maxell Montana Natural Heritage Program a cooperative program of the Montana State Library and the University of Montana September 2016 Amphibian and Reptile Surveys on and around the Ashland, Beartooth, and Sioux Districts of the Custer-Gallatin National Forest: 2002-2015 Prepared for: Custer-Gallatin National Forest 10 East Babcock Bozeman, MT 59771 Agreement Numbers: 09-CS-11015600-015 09-CS-11015600-054 12-CS-11015600-056 14-CS-11010800-017 Prepared by: Bryce A. Maxell © 2016 Montana Natural Heritage Program P.O. Box 201800 • 1515 East Sixth Avenue • Helena, MT 59620-1800 • 406-444-3290 _____________________________________________________________________________________ This document should be cited as follows: Maxell, B.A. 2016. Amphibian and reptile surveys on and around the, Ashland Beartooth, and Sioux Districts of the Custer Gallatin National Forest: 2002‐2015. Report to Custer‐Gallatin National Forest. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana 45 pp. plus appendices. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Between 2002 and 2015, the Forest Service nocturnal breeding calls, and 97 detections of implemented a series of small contracts with terrestrial reptiles in cliff, talus, and rock the Montana Natural Heritage Program to outcrop habitats. In addition, we recorded conduct surveys for amphibians and reptiles 2056 detections of 178 species incidental to our with the overall objective of informing forest formal surveys, including 122 detections of 16 and project-level planning efforts on the Montana Species of Concern and 46 detections Ashland, Sioux, and Beartooth Districts. The of 8 Forest Service Sensitive Species. All major goals of these efforts were to: (1) provide structured survey and detection information more widespread baseline survey coverage for has been integrated into databases at the amphibian and reptile species; (2) conduct Montana Natural Heritage Program where it is visual encounter and dip net surveys of water available on the Montana Field Guide, Species bodies and wetlands to detect aquatic reptiles Snapshot, and Map Viewer websites to inform or breeding activity of amphibians; (3) conduct resource management decisions. passive listening surveys for amphibian species that broadcast nocturnal breeding calls audible Overall our surveys indicate that: (1) with the over long distances; (4) conduct visual exception of the Pryor Mountains unit of the encounter surveys for terrestrial reptiles in cliff, Beartooth District, amphibians and aquatic talus, and rock outcrop habitats; (5) record reptiles were widespread and relatively observations of all species detected incidentally abundant at standing water bodies; (2) while field crews were working in and around each management unit; and (6) integrate all amphibian abundances were highest at information on structured surveys and standing water bodies on the Long Pines and detections of animal species into the data North Cave Hills units of the Sioux District, systems at the Montana Natural Heritage apparently as a result of higher amounts of Program in order to make it readily available to emergent vegetation and permanent water natural resource management personnel at the bodies associated with higher rainfall relative to Forest Service as well as the general public. areas to the west; (3) the Pryor Mountains unit Using standardized protocols that have been of the Beartooth District was largely used across Montana since the year 2000, we depauperate of amphibians, apparently due to conducted 1,161 visual encounter and dip net the relatively high elevation of most standing surveys for amphibians and aquatic reptiles that water bodies and the limestone dominated breed in, or otherwise inhabit, standing water geology that results in a lack of deep water bodies or wetlands, 185 passive listening habitats and very limited surface water surveys for amphibian species that broadcast nocturnal breeding calls, and 91 visual connections to potential shallow water encounter surveys for terrestrial reptiles that breeding sites present on Forest Service lands; inhabit cliff, talus, and rock outcrop habitats. (4) rock outcrops, particularly those at lower elevations, are important habitats for not only Across units of the Ashland, Sioux, and terrestrial reptiles, but also a number of bat and Beartooth Districts surveys resulted in 807 other species; (5) although Common Sagebrush detections of amphibians and aquatic reptiles at standing water bodies or wetlands, 142 Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) was viewed as detections of amphibians broadcasting uncommon in the past these and other recent v surveys have found them to be widespread and distribution and status of amphibians and common in lower elevation cliff, talus, and rock reptiles on these Forest Service units, baseline outcrop habitats across eastern Montana, surveys are still lacking or desirable on several units. In prioritized order, these are: (1) passive resulting in their removal from the Montana listening surveys for amphibian breeding Species of Concern list. choruses and visual encounter and dip net surveys of standing water bodies and wetlands Based on the distribution and site occupancy for amphibians and aquatic reptiles on the Slim rate information in this report, our observations Buttes unit and unsurveyed areas of the North while in the field, and the scientific literature, Cave Hills, South Cave Hills, East Short Pines, we recommend: (1) working with private land and West Short Pines; (2) passive listening inholders to remove an isolated American surveys for amphibian breeding choruses on the Bullfrog population before they spread and do Long Pines unit, especially for targeting the serious regional harm to native wildlife; (2) detection of Great Plains Toad; (3) rock outcrop protect rock outcrop habitats from quarry surveys for reptiles in the North Cave Hills and development and invasion by exotic plant southern aspects of the Pryor Mountains units. species; (3) continue to establish or reestablish beaver populations across the Forest in order to Finally, we recommend an effort to educate rewater dry watersheds; (4) ensure that every U.S. Forest Service personnel and local single cattle tank has climb out ramps that will members of the public on the identification of, allow wildlife that has fallen into the tank to climb out; and (5) assess the current status of and need to report observations for, wetlands that were red-flagged as having amphibians and reptiles. This is likely the best evidence for heavy structural impacts during way to accumulate incidental observations of our surveys. rarely detected species that can be used to assess their distribution and status. While the baseline surveys summarized in this report go a long way towards assessing the true vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project would not have been possible Danielle Blanc, Anna Breuninger, Andy Brown, without grants administered by the Custer- Sean Burns, Eric Dallalio, Ayla Doubleday, Erin Gallatin National Forest and Region One Office Farris, Matt Gates, Chris Hays, David of the U.S. Forest Service. Don Sasse, Barb Herasimtchuk, Shannon Hilty, Letitia Jacques, Pitman, Beth Hahn, and Jodie Canfield Phil Jellen, Ryan Killackey, Todd Leifer, Robert recognized the importance of gathering Lishman, Gary Maag, Andrew Munson, Christie additional survey information for amphibians Quarles, Rebecca Skeldon, David Stagliano, Keif and reptiles on the Ashland, Beartooth, and Storrar, Anatole Suttschenko, Brian Tomson, Bo Sioux Districts and gave feedback on project Walker, Keaton Wilson, Lisa Wilson, Chris implementation and survey prioritization. Scott Welch, Sarah Young, and Franz Zikesch assisted Spaulding, Teresa Asleson, Elaine Hilliard, and with site mapping, field surveys, and data entry, Teresa Johnson assisted with contract Darlene Patzer assisted with grant management at the Region 1 Office of the U.S. administration, and Scott Blum and Braden Forest Service. Special thanks to Irv Alderson Burkholder assisted with appending records to for allowing access to his ponds on the upper the Heritage Program’s central observation and Stocker Branch of O’Dell Creek to survey for survey databases. American Bullfrogs. At the Montana Natural Heritage Program, Steve Amish, Matthew Bell, This project was supported by agreements between the Region One Office of the U.S. Forest Service, the Custer Gallatin National Forest, and the Montana Natural Heritage Program, a cooperative program of the Montana State Library and the University of Montana (09-CS-11015600-015, 09-CS-11015600-054, 12-CS-11015600-056, 14-CS-11010800-017). vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………............................................................................... 1 Project need……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................... 1 Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................... 3 Survey Timing……………………………………………………………….….…….……………………...………………………. 3 Visual Encounter and Dip Net Surveys of Standing Waters….…….……………………...………………………. 3 Passive Listening Surveys for Nocturnal Calling Amphibians…...……………………………………………….. 4 Visual Encounter Surveys of Cliff, Talus, and Rock Outcrops..………...…......................................................... 4 Statistics…………………………………………………………………………...………...…........................................................
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