REFlTLW : SAUIGUANTDAE

Catalogue ofAmerican Amphibians and . Jamaican . Males avenge 100mm SVL(Grant, 1940), but may reach 131 mm (Schwua ud Henderson, 1991) with a tail length of 29mm (Underwood and Wiiams, 1959). Mature females average Russell, A.P. andA.M. Fjauer. 1991. Anolisgannani. 80 mm SVL, with a tail length of about 160 mm (Underwood and Wiiuns, 1959). The dorsal scales are swollen and keeled, with a Ano1i.s garmani Stejneger distinct middorsal aest in males (vestigial or absM in females) Jamaican Giant Anole extending onto the tail. Ventral scales are smooth or very slightly keeled and approximately equal in sue to the dorsals. The body is Lac& bullark. he,1758:208. normally predominantly bright emerald green, but individuals may bimucu1atu.x: Daudin, 1802:55 (part). exhibit color phases that are uniformly near black or typified by pale Anolis EdwardriCGriff~thand Pidgeon, 1831:228 (not of Mwm, lateral stripes or spots (more prominent in males). The venter is 1820). See Nomenclatural History. greenish-white. Males have a greenish-yellow dewlap with an Anolis equeshk: & la Sagra, 1838:76 (part). orange center. The dewlap is rudimentary and inconspicuous in Dactyloa EdwardtiC Gray, 1840:lll (part). females. C&wnotu.x Edwardn'C Fiuinger, 1&13:66. Eyprictis Edwardrii: Cope, 1861 (1862):215. Magnosis. Andirgarmanimay be distinguishedfrom other AndisgarmaniStejneger, 1899:602. Type-locality, "Jamaia". Hde Jamaican anoles by its large she, emerald green to black coloration, type not designated, collector and date of collectionunknown. &d orange and &;lap pattern. - See Nomenclatural History. Andir garmanii: Barbour, 1910:275. Descriptions. Detailed descriptions are given by Grant Nonps garmani: Schwartz and Henderson, 1988:153. (1940), Underwood and Wihms (1959), and Schwartz and Henderson (1991). Content. No subspecies are currently recognized. Illustrations. A color photograph and liedrawing were Definition. This species is a member of the Anolisgrabami furnished by Obst et al. (1988) and acolor illustrationofthe headand series (Williams, 1976). This robust anole is the largest of the forebody of A. gmmmri was provided by Schwvtz and Henderson

Figure Adult male Anolis garmani from Negril. Photograph by Jonathvl Losos.

Map. Open circles indicate locllny records within the natural range (see Distribution). The type locality is too imprecise to plot.

I (I 985). A cdor photograph of the species duringecdysis is presented sexual selection: applications. Evolution 38:720-7%. by Ashton and Ashton (3989, and Krintler (1985) provided color Ashton, R.E. and P.S. Ashton. 1985. Handbook of reptiles and un- poitraits of an adult male, an adult female, and a juvenile. Black and phibiof Florida. Put two, , turtles & crocodiii. white photographs of the entire and scalation are included in Windward Publishing, Inc., Miami, Florida. Wilson and Porras (1983) and Underwood and Williams (1959), Barbour, T. 1910. Notes on the of Jamaica. Bull. Mus. respectively. Trivers (1976) provided a Mack and white photograph Comp. Zool. 52273-301. of a copulating pair. A photographof eggs is given by Kriitler (1 985). Bundy, DA.P., P.Voge1, andEA. Harris. 1987. Helmjnthpvasites of Forsgaard (1983) illustrated representative vertebrae and Gorman Jamaican anoles (Reptilk: Iguanidae): a comparison ofthe hel- and Atkins (1968) illustrated the karyotype (2n - 30). minth fauna of 6 Andis species. J. Helrninthol. 61 :77-83. Catesby, M. 1743. The natural history ofthe Carolina, Florida, and the Distribution. Andfsgamniis native to Jamaica. It occu- Bahama islands. Vol. 2. pies elevations from sea level to ca. 1200 m throughout mainland Cope, E.D. 1861 (1862). Notesanddescriptionsof anoles. Proc. Aad. Jamaica, although few records exist for the south-central regions of Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1861:208215. the island Among Jamaican Anolb it appeus to be the most cir- Daudin, P.M. 1802.Histoire naturelle ghenleet pPniculi&e des rep- cumscribed by panicular ecogeographic conditions (Underwood tiles. Vol. 4. F. Dufart, Paris. and Williams, 1959), but may be locally abundant. It prefers mesic delasagra, R 1838. Historiafisia, p&ca y naturaldelaIsladaCuba. habitats and is arboreal, often being found high in the canopy. Amlis A. Benrand, Paris. gamnihas been introduced to Grand Cayman Island and to the Edwards, G. 1758. Gleanings of natural hiptory, exhibiting figures of Miami, Florida area where it has persisted since 1975 (Wilson and quadrupeds, bids, inseas, plants & c. most of which have not, Porras, 1983). till now, been either figured or described. Vd. 1. Royal Cdlege of Physicians, London. Fossil Record. None. Fitzinger, L 1843. Systema Reptiliurn Fasciculus Primus, AmMyglos- sae. Braumiiller et Seidel Bibliopolas, Vindobonae. Pertbent Literature. The most comprehensive systematic Forsgad, K. 1983.The axialskeletonof Cbamaelino?ups, p 284-295. treatment is that of Underwood and Wiiams (1959). Along with InhG.J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.), Advances in herpetology Grant (1940), these authors also summarized the general biology of and evolutionarybiology: essays in honor of Ernest E. Williuns. this species. Williams (1969, 1976), Guyer and Savage (19861, and Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hedges and Burnd (1990) discussed the phylogeny and biogeogra- Gorman, G.C. 1973. The chromosomes of the Reptilia, a cytotaxono- phy of A. garmani with respect to other anolines. Shochat and mic interpretation, p. 347424. InA.B. Chivdi and E. Capanna Dessauer (1981) and Gorrmn et al. (1984) provided immunological (eds.), Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. Academic information, and Gorrnan and Atki (1%8) and Gorman (1973) Press, New York. discussed kuyology. Gonnanet al. (1971) considered the systematic -andL. Atkins. 1968. Newkayotypicdata for 16speciesofAndis value of serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Important eco- (Sauh: Iguanidae) from Cuba, Jamaica, and the Cayman Is- logical contributions include those of Barbour (l910), Rand (1%7a, lands. Herpetologica 2413-20. b), Schoener (1970), Schoener and Schoener (1971), Williams (1972, -,C.S. Lieb, and R.H. Huwood. 1984. The relationships of Adis 1983). Trivers (1 976), and Wiams and Rand (1977). Haefner (1988) gadoui albumin immunological evidence. Carib. J. Sci. 20:145- employed these basic data in an analysis of the assembly rules of 152. Jamaican andine communities. Losos (l990a, b) studied the coevo- -,A.C. Whon, and M. Nakanishi 1971. A biochemical approach lution of ecological, morphological, and behavioral attributes of towards the study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serumal- members of West Indian Andircommunities, including A. garmani. bumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Syst. Zool.20:167-185. Arnold and Wade (1984) used Trivers' (1976) data to examine Grant, C. 1940.The herpetology ofJamaica. II.The reptiles. Bull. Inst. selection. Blood parasite infectionsof A.garmaniwere discussed by Jamaica, Sci Ser., (1):61-148. Telford (1975). Lefcoun and Blaustein (1991) used data on intestinal Gray,J. E. 1840. Catalogue ofthe speciesof reptilescollected inCuh parasite infections from Bundy et al. (1987) to test the Hamilton and by W.S. MacLeay, esq.; - with some notes of their habits ex- Zuk hypothesis. Krintler (1985) outlined reproduction and feeding tracted from his MS. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, 5:10&115. under captive conditions. McFvlane and Garrett (1989) reported Griffii, E. and E. Pidgeon. 1831. The Class Reptilia arranged by the predation by owls. Russell (1988) included A. gamniin a com- Baron Cuvier, withspecific descriptions. In E. Griff~th(&),The parative study of limb musculature in lizards. animal kidomarranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of d the spe- Nomenchd Iiistory. Stimson and Underwood (1983) cies hitherto named, and of mynot before noticed. Vol. 9. provided evidence to suggest that herta brrllaris LinnC 1758 was Henry Baylis, London. based on a figure of A. garmani in Catesby (1743) under the name Guyer, C. 4J.M. Savage. 1986.Cladistiirelationshipspsamonganoles J!UC& viridis jamaicensis. Savage and Guyer (1991) have argued (Sauria: Iguanidae). Syst. Zool. 35:509-531. that recognition of buUaris as a senior of gannani would Haefner, J.W. 1988. Assembly rules for Greater Antiiean Andirliz- serve only to disrupt stable nomenclature. ards: competition and random models compared. Oecologh ~ndic~a~niwaslong confused with what is now known as 74551-565. Anolis bidtus.and to a lesser extent with A. a/u&ris. Sloane Hedges, S.B. mdK.L Bumell. 1990.TheJamaicanradiationof Adis (1725) fist figured A. garmani as 'kertus major&ridi cinereus, (Saurh: Iguanidae): an analysis of relationships and biogeog- dom criska brevioredonalo*. The animal described was incorrectly raphy using sequential electrophoresis. Carib. J. Sci. 2631-44. identifled as A. equsrtris by de la Saga (1838) and later authors. Winder, K. 1985. Am~isgarmaniStejneger. Saurh 7, Amph./Rept.- Merrern (1820) ereaed A. Edwanlsii for an animal described and Kartei:31-32. figured by Edwards (1758) fromthe island of Nevis. Stejneger (1899) Lefcoun, H. and A.R. Blaustein. 1991. Parasite load and brightness in demonstrated that subsequent usages of this name were generally lizards: an interspecifictestof theHvniltonandZuk hypothesis. applied to A. gamnithe fust by Griffiih and Pidgeon (1831). The J. Zod. (London) 224:491499. later combinations Dactyba Edwardtii (Gray, 184O), Cte~nohrs Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae. 10th ed. Laurentii Salvii, Holmi- Edwardsii (Firzinger, 1843) and Euptisislis Edwardtii (Cope, 1861 ae. 118623) refer in whole or in part to Amlisgamni as well. Daudiin Losos, J.B. 19901. Ecomorphology,performance capability, andscal-

(1802) included A. gamniasa variety of A. bimaculatus,the senior inn of West Indian Andislizuds: anevdutionarvdvsis.*, Ecol. synonym of A. edwardsii ~Logr.60:369-388. -. 1990b. The evolution of form and function: morphology and Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring locomotorperformance inWest Indian Adishds.Evolution Samuel W. Garman (1843-1927), then curator of the herpetological 441189-1203. collections at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Hvvvd Uni- McFuhe, DA. and K.L Garrett. 1989. The prey of common ban versity, and a long-time student of West Indian herpetdogy. owls (Tyto alba) indry limestonescrub forest ofswthernJamai- ca. Carib. J. Sci 2521-23. Literatwe Cited Merrem, B. 1820. Tentvnen SystematisAmphibomrn (Versuch eines Systems der Arnphibien). Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg. ~~nold,S.J. udM.J. Wade. 1984. On them-urement ofnatunl and Obst, F.J., K. Richter, and U. Jacob. 1988. The completely illuwated atlas of reptiles and amphibii for the terrarium T.F.H. Publ., Stimson, A.F. and G.L Underwood. 1983. Comments on the type of Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. Andis Daudin, 1802. Bull. 2001. Nomend. 40:17-19. Rand, A.S. 1%7a. Ecology and social organization in the iguanid lii- Telford, S.R., Jr. 1975. Saurianmalaria inthe Caribbean: Phmrodiurn ud Anolis linearopus. Pm. U. S. Natl. Mus. 122:l-79. azumpbilum sp. nov., a malarial parasite with schizogony and -1967b. The ecological distributionof the andine lizards around gametogony in both red and white bloodcells. Intl. J. Parasitol. Kingston, Jamaica,. Brevion (272x1-18. 5:383394. Russel1,A.P. 1988. Limbmuscles inrelationtolizvdsystematics:a re- Trivets, R. L 1976. Sexual selection and resource-accruing abilities appraisal, p. 493-568. In R. Estes and G. Pregill (eds.), Phyloge- in Adisgarmani Evolution 30.253-269. neticrelationships ofthelizard families essayscornmemorating Underwood, G. andE. Williams. 1959.The armline lizards of Jamaica. Charles L Camp. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci Ser., (9): 148. Savage,J.M. andC. Guyer. 1991. Nornendaturalnotes onanoles (Sau- Wiiiuns, E.E. 1969. The ecology of colonization as seen in the zoo- ria: Polychridae): stability overpriority.J. Herpetol. 25365-366. geography of anolinelhds onsdislands. Quut. Rev. Biol. Schoener, T.W. 1970. Size patterns in West Indian Anolis lizards. 11. 44:345-389. ~orklationswith the iizes of particular syrnpatric species - dis- -1972. The origin of faunas. Evolution of kard congeners in a placement and convergence. her. Nat. 104:155-174. complex island fauna: a trial analysis. Evol. Biol. 647-89. -&KIA. Sdmener. 1971.'Structural habitatsof West IndianAndis -1976. West Indian andes: a taxonomic and evolutionarysum- lizards I. Lowland Jamaica. Breviora (368):l-53. muy. 1. Introduction and a species list. Breviora (440):l-21. Schwartz, A. and RW. Henderson. 1985. A guide to the identification -1983. Ecomorphs, faunas, bland size, and diverse end points in of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of islandradiationsofAndis. D. 326-370. hR.B.Huev. E.R. Pia. Hispaniola. Milwaukee Pub. Mus., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. andT.W. schoener(eds.);&d &dom: studies'df a model or- -and -. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: a check- ganism HvwdUniv. Press. Cambridae. Massachusetts. list. Contrib. Bid. Geol. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. (74):l-261. -&d A.S. Rand 1977. ~pecies~recogniti~n,~dewla~funaion and -and-. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies: faunal size. Amer. Zool. 17:261-270. descriptions, distributions, and natural history. Univ. Florida. Wilson, L.D. and L Porns. 1983. The ecological impaa of man on the Press, Gainesville. south Florida herpetofauna. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hi.Spec. Shochat, D. and H.C. Dessauer. 1981. Comparative immunological Publ. (9):vi + 69 p. study of albumins of Adis lizards of the Caribbean islands. Comp. Biochem Physiol. 68A:67-73. Sloane, H. 1725. A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbadoes, Ni- Anthony P. Russell, Depvtment of Biological Sciences, The Uni- eves, S. Christophers and Jamaica with the natural history of of herbs and trees, four-footed beasts, fshes, bid, insects, rep- versity Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Avon M. Bauer, Depvwnt of Biology, Villanova University, Vianova, tiles, & c. ofthe last ofthose islands. To which is prefi'dan intro- duction, wherein is anaccount ofthe inhabitants. air, waters, di- Pennsylvania 19085, U.SA. seases, &de & c. of hat place; with some relations for thisaccounts Andrew H. Price- theneiahbourinncontinent,and islands ofherica. Vol. 2. Pri- Pm vately printed, kdon. . Published 15 October 1991 and Copyright 81991 by the Society for Stejneger,L. 1899.Anewname forthegreat crested AndisofJamaica,. Amer. Nat. 35601-602. the %dy of hmphibivls Reptiles.