ROCKBRIDGE AREA CONSERVATION COUNCIL P.O. Box 564, Lexington, VA 24450 (540) 463-2330 [email protected] http://rockbridgeconservation.org

April 25, 2016

Sarah Nystrom U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Field Office 6669 Short Lane Gloucester, VA 23061

Dear Sarah,

As we discussed, I am sending records from the Rockbridge Bird Club for your use in reviewing the impacts and operating conditions of the proposed APEX Rocky Forge Wind Turbine Power Plant on North Mountain, Virginia, adjacent to the Botetourt County/Rockbridge County line. The reports are also posted online at: http://www.vmi.edu/Content.aspx?id=10737428051 .

Also included for your reference are the most recent ten years of Audubon Christmas Bird Counts for the Rockbridge area (Lexington (VALE)) documenting winter occurring species (http://netapp.audubon.org/CBCObservation/Historical/ResultsByCount.aspx ).

The Rockbridge Bird Club, one of the oldest in Virginia, has a long and highly respected history. The Club’s website at http://www.rockbridgebirdclub.org/ has the most recent and continually updated local information.

As your technical team will undoubtedly appreciate, the notations on expected occurrence in the enclosed records (e.g. “rare and should not be expected to be seen in the county”) are intended for the bird watching public to assist in observing, and are not an indication of the possibility of conflict with the proposed power plant. Rather, potential impacts may be more significant for those rarely-sighted species where infrequent sighting is also an indication of reduced populations, shrinkage of range, or dissection of habitat especially for a project of this large number of turbines on a ridgeline within largely intact forested habitat.

In addition to the specific species of concern that the USFWS is evaluating, other migrating bird species along North Mountain are likely to be similar to those observed on the adjacent Blue Ridge and Allegheny ridge systems with movement along the mountains in the spring and fall. Many of these species are resident in the breeding season, for example, the forest dweller and most rapidly declining of the subtropical migrants, the Cerulean warbler (see also http://www.audubon.org/birds/priority ).

For more information about the occurrence of birds in the local area, please contact Rockbridge Bird Club ornithologist, Dick Rowe, at [email protected].

You may also want to contact club member, Marek Smith, [email protected], who works for the Nature Conservancy and has knowledge of birds in the area from his work on their local projects including the Warm Springs Mountain Preserve project in the Allegheny highlands to the NW of the Rocky Forge site, in adjacent Bath County, VA.

If RACC can be of additional assistance as you conduct your review, please let me know.

Sincerely yours,

Barbara L. Walsh, Executive Director

The Birds of the Greater Rockbridge County, Virginia, Area

Richard A. Rowe

Department of Biology Virginia Military Institute

Accidental – A bird outside of its normal range (breeding or winter) or outside of its normal migration route Rare – A bird that is within its normal breeding or over-wintering range or its normal migration route, but should not be expected to be seen in the area on a yearly basis Unusual – A bird that is within its normal breeding or over-wintering range but is not reported on a regular basis in the county (1-5 sightings per year) Common – A bird that is regularly seen within the area but may not be present in large numbers or may have a restricted distribution (Locally Common) Abundant – A bird that is found in large numbers within the county but may have a restricted distribution (Locally Abundant)

Transient – A bird that is seen in the area during migration or as a wandering sub-adult Year-round – A bird that is present in the area throughout the entire year and is usually a breeder Summer breeder – A bird that migrates into the area and breeds during the summer Winter migrant/resident – A bird that migrates into the area and over-winters and then leaves in the spring

Locations

BB = Brownsburg and Bustleburg area including Route 252 BQ = Barger’s Quarry BRP 1 = Blue Ridge Parkway between mileposts 28 and 45 (Route 56 and Route 60) BRP 2 = Blue Ridge Parkway between mileposts 45 and 64 (Route 60 and the James River) BRP AO = Blue Ridge Parkway and Apple Orchard Mountain (mileposts 76 to 78) BS = Big Spring CT = Chessie Trail GP = Goshen Pass KD = Kendal Retirement community LEX = Lexington LM = Lake Merriweather at Goshen Pass LR = Lake Robertson LT = Locher Tract MF = McCormick’s Farm MR = Maury River NM = North Mountain OFRP = Old Farm Road Pond PQ = Quarry at the Ponds PH = Ponds Housing Development (former Womeldorf Farm) RB = Rockbridge Baths area RC = Rockbridge County in general SR = South River WL = Willow Lake

Notes: Cameron’s Pond, which was located near the current Rockbridge County High School, drained naturally in 19??.

Womeldorf Farm ponds are located just outside of Lexington in the new Pond’s housing development. Lake Robertson and Lake Merriweather were created after Murray published his account of the Birds of Rockbridge County.

Anseriformes: Geese, Swans, Ducks (All photos: Geese, Swans, and Ducks )

Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens):

Occurrence: Transient and winter migrant Dates: October through January Locations: MF, BS History: A lone Snow Goose was reported at the Ponds housing development near Lexington on 11 March 2011 by Dick Rowe. A pair of Snow geese was seen at McCormick’s Farm on 24 November 2010. A Snow Goose was reported in the county during the winter of 2008. Dick Rowe found it at McCormick’s Farm on 18 October 2008, Paul Cabe observed one on a farm pond in the northern portion of the county (most likely the same bird), and John Burleson reported a Snow Goose on Big Spring about one month later (again, probably the same individual). Snow/Blue Geese were reported on the1976, 1966, and 1958 CBCs. Murray reports white phase individuals on 18 November 1948 on Womeldorf Pond and flying individuals 14 October 1950 and 23 September 1953. Blue phase individuals were reported by Murray on 16 November 1948 on Womeldorf Pond and on the Maury River near Alone Mill from mid- December 1956 to 11 May 1957. Status: Rare and should not be expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Ponds housing development (old Womeldorf Farm) near Lexington, VA on 11 March 2011. For additional photos: Snow Geese

Ross’ Goose (Chen rossii)

Occurrence: Transient and winter migrant Location: MF, WL History: A single Ross’ Goose was located at McCormick’s Farm on 14 November 2010 by Dick Rowe. The bird appeared to be paired with a Ross’ Goose x Lesser Snow Goose hybrid. Allen Larner suggested that the two geese in the photograph were Ross’ Geese. After a discussion and review of photographs, Allen Larner, Barry Kinzie and I have agreed on the identification of the Ross’ Goose and the likelihood that the other bird is a hybrid. This is the first record of a Ross’ Goose in Rockbridge County. A second Ross’ Goose was found at Willow Lake on 27 and 28 March 2011. Both sightings were submitted to VARCOM and have been accepted as Category 1 records for the area. Status: Rare and not expected to be seen. Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 14 November 2010. For additional photos: Ross’ Goose

Ross’ Goose x Lesser Snow Goose Hybrid

Occurrence: Transient and winter migrant Location: MF History: On 14 March 2010, a probable Ross’ Goose x Lesser Snow Goose hybrid was located at McCormick’s Farm by Dick Rowe. The bird appeared to be paired with a Ross’ Goose. In the photograph, the Ross’ Goose is on the left and the hybrid is on the right (note the distinct differences in head and bill shape). A good discussion of hybrids between Ross’ and Lesser Snow Geese can be found in: Trauger, D.L., A. Dzubin, and J.P. Ryder. 1971. White Geese Intermediate between Ross’ Geese and Lesser Snow Geese. Auk: 88 (4): 856-875. Hybrids are not recognized by VARCOM, and thus, no report was submitted. Status: Rare and not expected to be seen Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 14 November 2010. For additional photos: Ross’ Goose x Lesser Snow Goose

Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis):

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 8 March 2008 to mid April 2008 Location: WL History: A single individual was located at Willow Lake on 8 March 2008. The goose was mixed in with a flock of Canada Geese and it remained on Willow Lake through the spring. The sighting was submitted to VARCOM and accepted as a Category 3 record. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 14 March 2008. For additional photos: Barnacle Goose

Canada Goose (Branta canadensis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident of the county Dates: Year-round Locations: MF, WL, LR, LM, MR, BS, and ponds throughout the county History: There are several resident flocks in the county – Lexington Country Club, the Maury River near the locks on the Chessie Trail, McCormick’s Farm, Willow Lake, and Big Spring and other individuals have been reported at Lake Robertson, on the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway, Barger’s Quarry Pond and on many farm

ponds throughout the county. Canada Geese have been reported in 21 of 85 CBC with no records prior to 1974. Murray considered that Canada geese were transients seen from February to April and October to December flying over the county with a few seen on local ponds. Obviously, their status has changed from Murray’s time to the present day. Status: Abundant and should be seen in the county. Photo: McCormick’s Farm Pond, 18 November 2005. For additional photos: Canada Geese

Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)

Occurrence: Accidental Date: 5 January 2012 Location: WL History: There is a single record of a Mute Swan in the county. On 5 January 2012, Dick Rowe found one at Willow Lake. Mute Swans were introduced to the United States as early as the late 1800’s as “decorative” birds on ponds. Wild populations have been established in several parts of the county with the eastern coastal area from Maine to South Carolina as the largest breeding area. The Chesapeake Bay area is one of the major breeding areas. The Mute Swan is listed as a Category 5 species by VARCOM (Category 5. Species introduced into the Commonwealth of Virginia or into other parts of North America that are currently maintaining self-sustaining wild populations within Virginia). The individual located at Willow Lake appears to have been an adult male. Status: Accidental and not expected in the county Photo: Willow Lake, 5 January 2012 For additional photos: Mute Swan

Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus):

Occurrence: Transient and winter migrant Dates: November and December Location: WL, BB History: There are only a few recent reports of Tundra Swans in the area. On 17 November 2011 a large flock of swans arrived at Willow Lake to sit out a storm system over the Blue Ridge Mountains. John Pancake counted 215 swans in the morning and at 3:00 pm there were 115 individuals. By 5:00 pm all of the swans had taken flight in groups of 50 individuals and continued their migration. A single individual was present at Willow Lake on the 18th of November. John Burleson saw a migrating flock flying over Big Spring on 15 November 1999, two individuals were seen on Lake Robertson in December of 1980 and a photograph by Nell Bolen was published in the Lexington News- Gazette (3 December 1980), and Elise Sheffield had a swan on a pond on her property during

January and February of 2006. An individual was seen by Alex Merritt on Willow Lake on 13 November 2009, a second individual was seen by Barbara Rowe on 18 December 2004 on a pond at West Airslie Farm, and a third individual was seen flying south of Fairfield on 27 December 1997. Tundra Swans have been reported on five CBC (2004, 1997, 1984, 1980, and 1974). Murray does not report any records of Tundra Swans. Status: Rare and should not be expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 17 November 2011 For additional photos: Tundra Swan

Wood Duck (Aix sponsa):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Can be seen year-round but are most common from March through November/December Locations: MF, WL, LM, LR, RC creeks and ponds History: The earliest record for Wood Ducks is 14 February 2010 at Locher Tract. Wood Ducks are commonly seen in March and April and are seen through the summer in the county. Bob Paxton reports finding a hen with downy young at Cameron’s Pond on 19 May 1952. Individuals have been reported in November and December. They have been reported in 7 of 84 CBC. Murray reports Wood Ducks as being common in the spring and summer with individuals arriving in late March and April with young seen as early as May and remaining in the area from late September to November. Status: Uncommon and could be seen during the spring and summer. Photo: Maury River, 18 March 2011. For additional photos: Wood Duck

Gadwall (Anas strepera):

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: October through March Locations: MF, BS, WL Gadwalls have become regular visitors at McCormick’s Farm, Willow Lake and Big Spring during the winter. They have been reported on a regular basis during the past few years (2003 – 2011) at these three locations. The earliest report is 23 October 2004 and the latest report is 5 April 2009. A large group of Gadwalls was present at Big Spring during the winter of 2010-2011. Approximately 40 individuals were present beginning in mid-December. Gadwalls have been reported in 15 of 84 CBC’s. Murray notes seven fall and winter records with individuals seen from 27 October through 10 March. Status: Locally common winter migrant and should be seen at McCormick’s Farm, Willow Lake, or Big Spring Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 15 February 2009. For additional photos: Gadwall

American Wigeon (Anas americana):

Occurrence: Transient and winter resident Dates: November through April Locations: MF, WL, BS History: Wigeons have been sighted on at McCormick’s Farm, on Willow Lake, at the Ponds, and at Big Spring. A pair of wigeons was present at McCormick’s Farm on 22 November 2011, and one individual was present on Willow Lake on 17 November 2011. Three individuals were seen at the Ponds housing development (former Womeldorf Farm) on 11 March 2011. Individuals were present between 20 November 2004 and 2 April 2005 on Willow Lake. A large group was in with a mixed flock of ducks on 31 October 2009. They have been reported in 16 of 84 CBC with the majority of the records between 1974 – 1984. Murray reports individuals seen from 17 September through 20 May. Status: Uncommon winter migrant and could be seen on some lakes and ponds. Photos: McCormick’s Farm, 5 January 2012. For additional photos: American Wigeon

American Black Duck (Anas rubripes):

Occurrence: Migrant and winter resident Dates: Late fall (November) through March Locations: MF, WL, MR, BS, LM History: Black Ducks are present but not numerous in the county and may be residents along with Mallards. Individuals have been reported along the Maury River, Willow Lake, McCormick’s Farm, Big Spring, Lake Merriweather, and in Goshen Pass. Black Ducks have been reported on 61 of 84 CBC. Murray reports that Black Ducks are present from 28 August to 13 April with a few individuals seen throughout the year. Status: Winter migrant and is likely to be seen mixed in with groups of Mallards. Photo: Black Duck female (foregound) with Mallard female (backgound) at McCormick’s Farm, 1 November 2008. For additional photos: Black Duck

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Locations: MF, WL, BS, LM, LR, MR, SR, JR, RC ponds and streams History: Permanent and common resident of the area. Mallards are seen throughout the area with sightings on the Maury River, James River, Barger’s Quarry Pond, and McCormick’s Farm. They have been reported in 61 of 84CBC with an increase noted in the past 8 years. In 2005, 541 individuals were reported on the CBC. Although Murray regards Mallards as winter visitors with only a few nesting records, their status has changed and they are undoubtedly increasing in number and are common breeders in the area. Status: Common year-round breeder and should be seen in the county. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 1 November 2008. For additional photos: Mallard

Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors):

Occurrence: Transient and primarily a spring migrant Dates: March through April Locations: MF, BS, WL, PH, RC ponds and streams History: There are 11, recent records from McCormick’s Farm on 19 March 2000, 2 April 2005, 27 March 2005, and 2 April 2011; on Willow Lake on 2 April 2005, 3 April 2009, 5 April 2009, and 1 and 2 April 2011; on the Maury River near Alone Mill on 30 August 2006; on Big Spring Pond on 17 April 2007; on Willow Lake; and one report from the county on 31 March (2001). Blue-winged Teal have been reported once on the CBC. Murray considers Blue-winged Teal as transients that are more common in the spring (15 March through 13 May). Status: Uncommon migrant. Photo: Willow Lake, 1 April 2011 For additional photos: Blue-winged Teal

Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata):

Occurrence: Migrant and rare winter resident Dates: December through March Locations: BS, LR, MF, MR, LM, WL History: There are fourteen recent records: Lake Robertson on 27 March 2003, a large group of 20 at McCormick’s Farm on 23 December 2003, at McCormick’s Farm on 27 March 2005, on Willow Lake on 3 March 2010, on the Maury River at Alone Mill on 20 March 2006, near Lake Merriweather on 11 February 2009,

and at Big Spring Pond on 9 December 2010, 18 December 2010, 26 December 2006, 1 March 2007, 4 January 2009, and 17 April 2007. A lone female was present on OFRP for several weeks during November of 2011. Also, a group of 18 individuals was seen on Willow Lake on 17 November (due to the same storm system that brought the Tundra Swans to Willow Lake). Shovelers have been reported on the 2006, 2007 and 2008 CBC’s. Murray notes that they are uncommon in the spring but present from mid-February to late April. He notes one fall record. Status: Uncommon winter migrant. Photo: Old Farm Rd. pond, 23 November 2011 For additional photos: Northern Shoveler

Northern Pintail (Anas acuta):

Occurrence: Migrant and winter resident Dates: November through February Locations: MF, WL, BQ, PQ, LM History: There are nine, recent records; 7 and 18 January 2004, 24 November 2009, and 18 January 2010 at McCormick’s Farm, 12 November 2009 and 23 November 2009 at Willow Lake, 23 February 2004 at Barger’s Quarry Pond, on Lake Merriweather on 19 February 2009, and 26 December 2010 at Pond’s Quarry. Pintails have been reported six times on the CBC. Murray considers Pintails to be transients and more common in the spring (February to April) versus the fall (October through December). He notes there are eight records in the fall. Status: Uncommon winter migrant. Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 24 November 2009. For additional photos: Northern Pintail

Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca):

Occurrence: Migrant and winter resident Dates: September through April Locations: MF, WL, OFRP. CT on the Maury River History: These teal are transients that are seen mainly during the winter and spring with sightings on 17 November 2011 at Willow Lake, 20 November 2004 at McCormick’s Farm and 2 April 2005, 18 October 2009, 12 November 2009, 3 November 2010 on Willow Lake, and on 11 March 2011 at the Ponds development. As a note, two females were seen for several weeks on Old Farm Rd Pond during September of 2010 and a group of eight individuals were at McCormick’s Farm throughout the fall of 2010. Individuals have been seen in the Maury River along the Chessie Trail. Green-winged Teal have been reported 29 out of 84 CBC. Murray reports them as winter visitors that are common between September and March. Status: Uncommon winter migrant. Photo: Pond housing development (old Womeldorf Farm) 11 March 2011. For additional photos: Green-winged Teal

Canvasback (Aythya valisineria):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: November through March Locations: WL, BS History: Recently, Canvasbacks have been reported on Willow Lake on 12 November 2005, 12 November 2009, and 9 January 2009, two individuals at Big Springs on 1 March 2007, and one individual on a farm pond on 17 Feb 2008. In 1978 one individual was reported on the CBC. Murray reports four records: 24 March 1933 and 3 April 1935 on Cameron’s Pond, 28 March 1948 on the Maury River at Furr’s Mill, and on 30 January 1955 on Womeldorf Pond. Status: Rare and not expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 20 March 2008. For additional photos: Canvasback

Redhead (Aythya americana):

Occurrence: Transient and winter Resident Dates: December through January and during spring migration in March and April Locations: PQ, MF History: There have been several recent sightings. During the winters of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011, Redheads were found on the Pond’s quarry (the old Womeldorf Farm). Two individuals were found by Laura Neale on a farm pond on Borden Grant Rd. The pair remained at the pond for several weeks during November of 2011. A group of eight individuals were present in 2009-2010 and two individuals were present in 2010- 2011. Redheads were reported on the 1999 CBC, 2008 CBC, and 2010. Individuals were found on 8 January 09, 17 December 2009, 7 December 2010, and 8 December 2010 at Willow Lake and on 18 January 2010 at McCormick’s Farm. One Redhead was reported in 1975 on the CBC. Murray reports five records: 20 March to 6 April 1929 on the Maury River near Lexington, 2 May 1932 on Cameron’s Pond, 19 March 1951, 23 to 25 October 1953 and15 January to 19 March 1956 on Womeldorf Pond. Status: Uncommon and not expected to be seen in the county Photo: McCormick’s Farm pond, 18 January 2010. For additional photos: Redhead

Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris):

Occurrence: Winter migrant and resident Dates: October through March Locations: WL, MF, LR, LM, BS, BQ History: Ring-necks are commonly seen on Willow Lake and McCormick’s Farm pond and less often on Lake Robertson, Big Spring, Lake Merriweather, and Barger’s Quarry pond. Many of the sightings at a particular location are most likely the same birds remaining in residence on the lake or pond over the winter. The earliest arrival date is 18 October 2009 at Willow Lake and the latest departure date is 20 April 2010 at Willow Lake. Ring- necked Ducks have been reported in 15 of 84 CBC with 23 individuals counted in 2004 and 21 individuals counted in 2001. Murray considers them common in the spring and notes five records in the fall between 31 October and 12 December. Status: Locally common winter migrant that could be seen in the county Photo: Willow Lake, 13 March 2009. For additional photos: Ring-necked Duck

Greater Scaup (Aythya marila):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: December through March Locations: WL History: Greater Scaup have been reported on four CBC’s (2005, 1997, 1984, 1980) and at Willow Lake on 8 March 2008, 14 November 2009, and 18 March 2011. Murray reports two records 4 April 1951 on Womeldorf Pond and 23 March 1953 on Cameron’s Pond. Status: Rare and not expected in the county Photo: Willow Lake, 20 March 2008. For additional photos: Greater Scaup

Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis):

Occurrence: Transient during migration and winter resident Dates: November through April Locations: WL, MF, JR, BQ History: There are several recent sightings of Lesser Scaup on 4 November through 15 November 2010, 23 March through 5 April 2009, 12 November 2005, 2 April 2005 and 23 October 2005 at Willow Lake with large groups of scaup seen on 13 November 2009 (200+) and 26 March 2010 (50+), 9 March 2003 at McCormick’s Farm, 1 April 2010 on Big Spring, and 24 February 2004 on the James River near the Appalachian Trail Foot Bridge. A single scaup was

seen on a farm pond on Borden Grant Rd. by Lucy and Dick Rowe on 26 December 2011 (the pond is outside of the Lexington CBC circle). Lesser Scaup have been reported in 9 of 84 CBC. Murray considered the Lesser Scaup to be the most common spring duck up until 1940 with numerous sighting records from around the county. He notes that after 1940 the duck became uncommon. Status: Sporadically common on ponds and lakes and could be seen. Photo: Willow Lake, 29 March 2010. For additional photos: Lesser Scaup

Long-tailed Duck (Oldsquaw) (Clangula hyemalis):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: November through March Locations: WL, BRP at JR History: There are three recent records. One individual was seen on 1 February 2004 on the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway, four individuals were seen on 11 November 2009 at Willow Lake, and on 17 November 2009 six individuals were still present on Willow Lake. Oldsquaw have not been reported on any CBC’s. Murray notes three records in 29 November 1948 (Cameron’s Pond), 25 December 1933 and 14-15 April 1929 (Cameron’s Pond). Status: Rare winter migrant and not expected in the county.

Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola):

Occurrence: Winter migrant and resident Dates: November through April Locations: WL, BQ, MR, LR, LM History: There are a number of recent records of Buffleheads in the area. Buffleheads have been reported at Barger’s Quarry Pond 13 February 2003, 11 February 2004 and 23 February 2004; on the Maury River in Goshen Pass 13 April 2003; on Lake Merriweather on 24 February 2009, on the Maury River along the Chessie Trail 13 February 2003 and 25 January 2005; on Willow Lake on 23 November 2011, from 18 November to 1 December 2010, on 7 November 2010, 3 March 2010, from 31 October to 14 November 2009, 4 November 2007, 23 November 2009, 3 February 2009, 14 February 2009, and 1 April 2011; at the Ponds housing development on 22 November 2011, 27 March 2011 and 1 April 2011; and on the James River at the Appalachian Trail Foot Bridge 24 February 2004. Buffleheads have been reported in 9 of 84 CBC. Murray notes 12 spring records between 8 March and 21 April and seven records for November and December. Status: Uncommon winter migrant and could be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake; right photo, male; left photo, female, 14 Feb 2009. For additional photos: Bufflehead

Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: December through April Locations: BRP at JR, WL, PH History: There is one record on 1 February 2004 on the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway. Three individuals were seen on 27 March 2011. Two females were located at Willow Lake and one female was located on the ponds at the Ponds Housing development. None of the birds were found located on 28 March. Goldeneyes have been reported in 7 of 85 CBC with six of the records between 1988 and 1976. Murray reports 10 spring records between 17 February and 29 April and 4 winter records from December through January. Status: Rare winter migrant and not expected in the county. Photo: Female on the right, male Bufflehead on the left. Photo taken at the Ponds Housing development 27 March 2011 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Common Goldeneye

Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus):

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: November through March Locations: WL, MF, BS, MR, BQ, LM History: There are numerous recent records of birds on the Maury River in Goshen Pass and along the Chessie Trail, on the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway, and at McCormick’s Farm, Willow Lake, Big Spring, and Barger’s Quarry Pond. These sightings range from 2 November (2007) through 8 April 2011. Hooded Mergansers have been reported on 23 of the 84 CBC with a peak number of 21 seen in 2005. Murray considers Hooded Mergansers to be common in March and April with records from November through March. Status: Locally common winter migrant and likely to be seen. Photo: Buffalo Creek, 14 Jan 2011. For additional photos: Hooded Merganser

Common Merganser (Mergus merganser):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: December to April Locations: LM, MR, WL History: There are several recent reports of Common Merganser’s in the county. A group of Common Mergansers was present on Lake Merriweather from 11 February through 30 March 2009, and a group of 11 individuals was seen on the 2011 CBC. A group of four individuals (one male and three females) were seen on the Maury River near the old Furrs Mill from 19 through 26 April. 2010, a single female was seen at this spot on 13 November 2011, and a lone female was seen on the Maury east of RT 11 on the CBC in 2011 (perhaps the same individual). Two individuals were seen in the Maury River in Goshen Pass on 19 April 2009. A lone female was seen on Willow Lake on 26 February 2008. Elise Sheffield reported three males and two females on South River on 11 March 2011. Three individuals were seen at Willow Lake on 1 April 2011 and five individuals were seen on the quarry at the Ponds Housing development on 8 April 2011. There are four reports on the CBC 2011, 2009, 2008, and 1989. Murray reports Common Mergansers as being fairly common on the rivers of the county in winter and spring. Status: Unusual winter migrant and not be expected. Photo: Maury River, 24 April 2010. For additional photos: Common Merganser

Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: November through April Locations: WL History: There are five recent reports of Red-breasted Mergansers in the county. A single female was seen on Willow Lake on 18 November 2011, and four individuals were seen on Willow Lake on 11 March 2011. A flock of 18 individuals was seen on Willow Lake on 25 March 2010, two individuals were seen on Willow Lake on 5 April 2009, four individuals were seen on Willow Lake on 12 November 2009 and one individual was reported on the CBC in 1976. Murray reports five records from the Maury River in Rockbridge Baths 13 December 1934, near Lexington 15 December 1937, and at Furr’s Mill in December 1937; at Big Springs 28 May 1938; and at Cameron’s Pond 3 April 1935. Status: Rare winter migrant and not expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 11 March 2011. For additional photos: Red-breasted Merganser

Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis):

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: November through April Locations: WL, BQ, PQ History: Ruddy Ducks have been reported on Willow Lake: a group of five on 30 November (2003), about 30 individuals on 20 November (2004), 30-40 individuals on 12 November (2005), 5 individuals on 23 October (2005), a small group on 22 October (2006), from 27 October through 17 December 2009, 5 March through 27 March 2010, 23 October through 8 December 2010, 40 individuals on 8 March 2009, and two individuals were seen on 5 April 2011. Also, four individuals were seen at McCormick’s Farm on 4 November 2007, one individual was seen on the Old Farm Road Pond on 18 November 2010 and a single individual was seen here on 23 November 2011, a single individual was seen on Barger’s Quarry Pond for the CBC in 2005, and a single individual on the Pond’s quarry on 24 December 2010. Ruddy Ducks have been reported in 6 of 84 CBC’s. Murray notes 23 records with most of the sightings in October and November with some individuals seen in April and December. Status: Locally common winter migrant/resident that should be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 22 October 2006.

Galliformes: Quail, Pheasant, Grouse, and Turkey (All photos: Quail, Pheasant, Grouse, and Turkey )

Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder in the area with spotty distribution. Dates: Year-round resident Locations: RC History: There seems to have been a decrease in the quail population over the past 40 years. Formerly, quail were common along fence rows and edges of woods. The decline in numbers is likely associated with habitat destruction. There are only a few recent records, but Bobwhite’s are probably more common than these few records indicate. During the summer of 2010, a male Bobwhite was seen and frequently heard on the Kendall property. Overall, Bobwhite’s are more likely to be heard than seen. Bobwhites are a managed species by DGIF. There are a number of initiatives to increase population numbers or to re-introduce individuals to area within their former range. Hunting season is from early November through January. Bobwhites have been reported in 52 CBC’s but have only been recorded in six years since 1984. Murray considers them to be common and a permanent resident. Status: Uncommon permanent resident in the county and not expected to be seen.

Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus):

Occurrence: Introduced species and local sightings probably represent escapees Dates: Year round Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2 History: There are two, recent reports along the Blue Ridge Parkway (2003 and 2009). There is one pheasant reported from the CBC in 1976. Murray notes that pheasants were introduced into the county about 1930. Status: Introduced and rare, and not expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 51, 8 June 2009. For additional photos: Ring-necked Pheasant

Ruffed Grouse (Bonsa umbellus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder and a managed game species Dates: Year-round resident Locations: BRP 1, GP, NM History: Grouse can be found in the wildlife management area at Goshen Pass and North Mountain and along the Blue Ridge Parkway. These birds can be found/flushed while hiking and are occasionally seen driving along the Parkway. Grouse hunting season is from late October to mid-February. Ruffed Grouse have been reported in 38 of 84 CBC. Murray considers grouse a permanent resident primarily of the rougher areas. Status: Common resident in the area and could be seen in the county. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 25 April 2008. For additional photos: Ruffed Grouse

Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder of the county and a managed game species Dates: Year-round resident Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, NM, RC History: Turkeys can be found throughout the county with sightings ranging from roads just outside of Lexington to the Blue Ridge Parkway to the wildlife area at Goshen Pass and North Mountain. Turkey hunting season in the fall is from late October to early November and from early December to 1 January and in the spring from early April through mid-May. Turkeys have been noted in 28 of the 84 CBC with a high count of 23 in 1995 and have been reported every year since 1993. But, Turkeys were rarely reported on the CBC before the mid-1970’s. Murray reports turkeys as being common. Status: Common resident in the area and could be seen in the county.

Gaviiformes: Loons (All photos: Loons and Grebes )

Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during migration Dates: 12 November 2009 Location: WL History: There is only one, confirmed record of a Red-throated Loon in Rockbridge County. Alex Merritt found this individual at Willow Lake. The bird was subsequently photographed by Lucy Rowe. The loon arrived following a strong low pressure system that moved through the area. This system brought in a number of unusual species to Willow Lake. Status: Rare and not expected in the county Photo: Red-throated Loon (left) with Common Loon (right) at Willow Lake, 12 Nov 2009. For additional photos: Red-throated Loon

Common Loon (Gavia immer):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during migration Dates: November through May Locations: WL, BS, BRP JR, LR History: There have been several recent sightings of loons in the area. Dick Rowe saw one individual on the James River near the Appalachian Trail Foot Bridge on 31 March 2001 and Kieran Kilday saw one on the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway on 17 April 2009. John Burleson sighted a loon on Big Spring Pond on 17 April 2007. A single individuals have been seen at Willow Lake by Dick Rowe on 22 May 2009, on 29 October 2011, and on 22 December 2011. A single bird was seen along the James River near the Locher Tract on 10 April 2011. Alex Merritt reported a flock of 24 individuals on Willow Lake on 12 November 2009 and nine individuals were seen on Willow Lake on 13 November 2009 by Lucy Rowe. Alex Merritt reported a single bird at Lake Robertson on 7 November 2010. These birds were associated with the passing of the remnants of tropical storm Ida through the area. One Common Loon was reported during CBC count week in 1933. Murray notes five records: on the Maury River in 1890, 8 May 1921, and 1923; and Woods Creek on 13 December 1932 and 7 January 1937. Status: Rare and should not be expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 22 May 2009. For additional photos: Common Loon

Podicipediformes: Grebes (All photos: Loons and Grebes )

Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps):

Occurrence: Common winter migrant during late fall, winter, and spring Dates: Earliest arrival – 1 October Departure – 24 April Locations: WL, MF, BS, LR, LM, BQ, MR History: Pied-billed Grebes have been reported on Willow Lake, Lake Robertson, the Maury River along the Chessie Trail, Lake Merriweather, Barger’s Quarry pond, McCormick’s Farm, and Big Spring. There are numerous recent records of Pied-billed Grebes on Willow Lake with individuals arriving as early as 16 October and being seen on the lake as late as 24 April. Their presence during the winter is affected by the lake freezing over, as it did during the winter of 2010-2011. Birds have been reported on 30 November 2003 and 23 December 2003 on Willow Lake, 23 February 2004 on the Maury River, March 2010 on Big Springs, and 26 December 2009 at Lake Robertson (8 individuals). Pied-billed Grebes have been reported in 32 of 84 CBC with a high count of 14 individuals seen in 1998. Murray reports individuals seen from 30 August through 18 May. Status: Uncommon during the winter and scarce when ponds and lakes freeze-over. Photo: Willow Lake, 5 April 2011. For additional photos: Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus):

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: November through April Locations: LM, BQ, JR, WL History: There are twelve recent records of Horned Grebes in the area. An individual was observed on 13 February and 11 March 2003 at Barger’s Quarry Pond and on 5 April 2005 on the James River near the AT Foot Bridge. An individual was present on Lake Merriweather on 11 February 2009, 18 March 2009, and on 30 March 2009. There are five reports of Horned Grebes on Willow Lake; 23 March 2009, 13 and 14 November 2009, 14 December 2010, and one to four individuals were present from mid March through early April 2011. Horned Grebes have been reported in 11 of 84 CBC. Murray reports 13 records from 5 October through 1 May with individuals seen in the Maury River, Lexington Reservoir, Woods Creek, and Cameron’s and Womeldorf Pond.

Status: Uncommon and not expected in the county. Photo: Upper photo: Lake Merriweather, 19 March 2009; lower photo, Willow Lake 17 March 2011. For additional photos: Horned Grebe

Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena)

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: 18 March 2009 Location: LM History: Only one individual has been reported in the county. Alex Merritt located this individual on Lake Merriweather on 18 March 2009. Status: Rare and not be expected in the county. Photo: Lake Merriweather, 19 March 2009. For additional photos: Red-necked Grebe

Ciconiiformes: Storks

Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 25 July 1979 to 29 August 1979 Location: KC History: A flock of seven to 19 birds was spotted on Kerr’s Creek from late July through late August of 1979. A photograph showing 2 storks taken by Nell Bolen was published in the 8 August 1979 edition of the Lexington News-Gazette. Status: Accidental and not expected.

Suliformes: Cormorants

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus):

Occurrence: Spring and fall transient on lakes and the Maury River but does not breed in the area. Dates: Earliest arrival – 16 March 2011 Latest departure – 26 December 2008 Locations: WL, MR, LM, JR, BS History: Cormorants can be seen along the James River (commonly seen along the James River from AT Foot Bridge to the Blue Ridge Parkway), portions of the Maury River, Willow Lake, Lake Merriweather, and Big Springs. The earliest record is 16 March 2011 with four individuals located on the Maury River south of Buena Vista. On 20 March 2011, 11 individuals were seen in the same location. Individuals are regularly seen from the last week of March until the fall with one late sighting of 12 November (2005). One individual was reported in 2001 and 2008 for CBC. Murray reports two individuals in 1924 and 1939 in Lexington. Status: Common on the James River but less common on lakes and rivers in the county. Photo: Willow Lake, 19 September 2008. For additional photos: Double-crested Cormorant

Pelicaniformes: Bitterns, Herons, Egrets, and Ibis (For all photos: Storks, Cormorants, Bitterns, Herons, Egrets, and Ibis )

American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: 8 April 2002, mid-April through mid-May and November Locations: BRP at JR, RC History: One individual was seen on 8 April 2002 along the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway. From mid-April to mid-May 2003 an individual was in the Poplar Hill area near Lexington. Murray reports eight records in late March through mid-May, 4 November 1937 and 2 December 1954. One individual was reported in 1987 on the CBC Status: Rare and not expected in the county.

Least Bittern ( Ixobrychus exillis):

Occurrence: Transient Dates: 16 May 2011 and 4 – 6 September 1948 Locations: LT and Cameron’s Pond, which no longer exists. History: There are only two confirmed reports in the area. Kieran Kilday located a Least Bittern at Locher Tract on 16 May 2011, and Murray reports one individual present from 4 to 6 September in 1948 on Cameron’s Pond. Status: Rare and not expected in the area.

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias):

Occurrence: Common, year-round resident in the area. Nesting rare. Dates: Year-round Locations: MF, WL, BS, MR, creeks and ponds throughout RC History: Great Blue Herons are reported year-round in the area. They are seen along many of the creeks, rivers, and ponds in the area (reports from Woods Creek, the Maury River along the Chessie Trail, McCormick’s Farm, Goshen Pass and the James River). In 2002 the first recorded nest was reported along South River near Nature Camp. The nesting tree appears to have been up-rooted by a flood. Great Blue Herons have been reported in 54 of 84 CBC and seen every year since 1979. Murray reports individuals seen throughout the year but no breeding records. Status: Common and should be seen Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 24 July 2011. For additional photos: Great Blue Heron Great Egret (Ardea alba):

Occurrence: Summer resident and transient Dates: May through October Locations: SR, WL, BRP at JR History: One individual seen flying along the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway on 4 May 2002 and two individuals were seen along the James River in 2006 (8 July at the James River and Blue Ridge Parkway and 6 August near the AT Foot Bridge). One individual was seen at Willow Lake 14 June 2008, another individual was reported on South River near the Maury on 25 July 2009, and a third individual was reported along Buffalo Creek on 2 October 2006. There is no record of Great Egrets nesting in the county and many of the sightings may represent post-nesting dispersal into our area. Status: Unusual but may be seen along creeks and rivers or lakes during the summer. Photo: South River near confluence with the Maury River, 25 July 2009. For additional photos: Great Egret

Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea):

Occurrence: Transient Dates: June through September Locations: Cameron’s Pond, which no longer exists History: Murray reports that Little Blue Herons are “fairly common” in the area. Individuals are reported from 17 June to 8 September, and a flock of 20 was noted. Bob Paxton reports that most of the Little Blue Herons seen in the area are likely to be juveniles that are moving away from summer nesting areas before migrating south for the winter. There have been no recent records for the area. Status: Rare with no reports since 1992. Not expected in the area.

Green Heron (Butorides virescens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Earliest arrival – 12 April Latest Departure – 2 October Mid April through July Locations: MF, WL, LR, MR, creeks and ponds in RC History: Green Herons are seen locally along creeks and rivers as well as ponds and lakes. The earliest record is 12 April 2004, and individuals are seen commonly beginning in the first week of May. Individuals are reported throughout the summer and into August, September, and October (2 October 2006). One individual was reported for the 1971 CBC. Murray reports individuals seen from March through October.

Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: McCormick’s Farm ponds, 19 July 2009. For additional photos: Green Heron

Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax):

Occurrence: Transient Dates: Early April through mid-May and August - September Location: WL History: There are two recent records for the county. Both records are for juveniles found at Willow Lake. One individual was located on 12 September 2010 and the other individual was located on 1 Aug 2011, again on 3 Aug 2011, and on 14 August 2011. Murray reports eight records from five different locations in the area, but no specific dates or location were provided. One was reported in 1984 on the CBC. Status: Rare and not expected in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 1 Aug 2011. For additional photos: Black-crowned Night Heron

Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctanassa violacea):

Occurrence: Transient Dates: May through August Location: SR History: An adult was present along South River from mid-August through mid-September, 2010. An adult was seen in the same area on 23 July of 2011. Two sightings were reported by Murray. One individual on 26 July 1950 near Lexington and one by Robert Paxton and Royster Lyle on 3 May 1953 on Cameron’s Pond. Status: Rare and not expected in the area. Photo: South River 28 August 2010. For additional photos: Yellow-crowned Night Heron

Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus)

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: late 1970’s Location: LEX History: A small group of Glossy Ibis’ was found in a temporary pond along RT 39 across from the current Virginia Horse Center. Status: Accidental and not expected.

White Ibis (Eudocimus albus)

Occurrence: Transient Dates: 13 – 26 July, 2011 Location: SR and BC History: A single juvenile was located on Buffalo Creek on 13 July 2011. The individual remained in the area for two days. This bird represents the first record of White Ibises in the county. On 21 July 2011, three juveniles were located on South River near the Maury River. The individuals were present through 26 July 2011. Reports were submitted to VARCOM on both sightings and were accepted as confirmed records. It should be noted that White Ibis were reported in some of the surrounding counties during the late summer of 2011. Status: Transient and not expected Photo: South River, 26 July 2011 For additional photos: White Ibis

Accipitriformes: Vultures, Kites, Eagles, and Hawks (For all photos: Vultures, Kites, Eagles, Hawks, and Falcons )

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus):

Occurrence: Common, year-round resident of the county Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Individuals can be seen throughout the county. There are several large groupings with one near/in Lexington and one near Glasgow. Murray considered Black Vultures to be common and year-round residents. They have been reported in 68 of 84 CBC. Status: Stable and large population and should be seen. Photo: Kendal, 26 December 2008. For additional photos: Black Vulture

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura):

Occurrence: Common, year-round resident of the county. Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Individuals are seen throughout the year in the county and have been reported in 80 of 84 CBC. There is a large roost near/in Lexington. Murray considered Turkey Vultures to be year-round residents Status: Stable and large population and should be seen on a regular basis. Photos: Near Vesuvius, 22 December 2008. For additional photos: Turkey Vulture

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration along rivers and creeks and larger ponds Dates: April and May and September through October Locations: WL, MF, MR, SR, Buffalo Creek, Kerrs Creek History: Osprey are reported along the rivers and large creeks in the county and on the larger ponds/lakes during the spring and again in the fall. In the spring they are seen from the first week in April through mid- May (eleven records between 4 April (2002) and 12 May (2003)). In the fall Osprey are seen from the end

of August through December (eight records between 31 August (2006) and 20 December (1998)). Most of these sightings are along the Maury River near or in Goshen Pass or Alone Mill and along Kerr’s Creek and Buffalo Creek. In addition, individuals have been reported at Willow Lake and McCormick’s Farm and there is one record is from the South River near Nature Camp. There is one, unusual summer record of an Osprey on the Maury River at the Ben Salem Wayside on 30 July 2009. There are no records of Osprey on the CBC during the 84 years of counting. Murray reports 14 fall records ranging from early August to November and from 1 April to 15 May along the Maury River. Osprey are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 145 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from mid to late September). Status: Common migrants/transients during the spring and fall, unlikely to be seen during other times of the year. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 23 August 2009. For additional photos: Osprey

Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus):

Occurrence: Accidental (one record for the county) Dates: The one record is from the summer. Location: RC History: Murray reports that two kites were seen in the Brushy Hill area during the summer of 1890. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis):

Occurrence: Accidental (one record for the county) Dates: The one record is on 21 May. Location: MR History: Murray reports seeing a Mississippi Kite along the Maury River near the Lime Kiln Bridge on 21 May 1951. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident with the likelihood of one or two breeding pairs in the county Dates: Year-round with most of the sightings in the fall and winter Locations: LM, MR, WL History: There have been a number of recent records of Bald Eagles in the area. There were two sightings along the James River at the Appalachian Trail Foot Bridge on 27 December 2003 and 11 February 2004 and at the Blue Ridge Parkway on 11 February 2004 (undoubtedly the same individual seen on that day at the AT bridge) and on 5 April 2005. Two individuals were reported along the Maury River near Alone Mill on 19 March 2006, a single individual was seen at the same location on 5 September 2006 and 1 October

2006. I photographed two, immature birds at Lake Merriweather on 23 January 2009, a pair of adults at Willow Lake on 9 January 2009, a single individual at the confluence of South River and the Maury River on 24 December 2010, and two adults in Rockbridge Baths and one adult and a juvenile at Lake Merriweather on 8 January 2011. Bald Eagles have been seen several times at Willow Lake and in the Fairfield area. In addition, two adult and one juvenile Bald Eagle were reported on the 2010 CBC and were seen again on 8 January in the Goshen Pass and Lake Merriweather area. During the spring of 2011, a nest was located along the Maury River near Rockbridge Baths. One eaglet was present in the nest in May, and it fledged later in the summer. This is the first confirmed nesting record of Bald Eagles in the county. Other eagles have been reported near Fairfield on 13 June 2004 and flying over the top of Apple Orchard Mountain on 23 April 2005. Bald Eagles have been reported on the CBC from 1992-1996, 2000, and 2003-2010. In 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2010 three individuals were reported in the CBC. Murray reports 10 records from various parts of the county between 1929 and 1950. Bald Eagles are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 38 individuals per year). Status: Uncommon year-round resident and could be seen at Lake Merriweather, Willow Lake, or flying along the Maury River. Photos: Upper photograph at Willow Lake, 9 January 2009 (by Lucy Rowe); and lower photograph at South River, 24 December 2010. For additional photos: Bald Eagle

Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus):

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: December through March Location: RC History: There have been a few recent sightings in addition to the CBC sightings. Individuals were reported in the county on 9 and 10 March 2007, on 20 and 25 September 2010, and 22 October 2010 near Rockbridge Baths, on 31 January 2002 along the Chessie Trail, at Willow Lake on 22 December 2008, and several individuals were seen around the county during the late fall of 2010 with two of these individuals seen in the Brownsburg area. Harriers have been reported on 19 CBC with individuals reported from 2003 – 2008. Murray reports one sighting in May of 1945. Harriers are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 40 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from late September to mid-October). Status: Uncommon winter migrant and is unlikely to be seen in the area. Photo: Brownsburg area, 6 November 2010. For additional photos: Northern Harrier

Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Sharp-shinned Hawks are residents of the county although they are not present in large numbers. Sharp-shinned Hawks are seen more often in the winter and this may be due to northern migrants entering the area. Sharp-shinned Hawks are reported in 50 of the 84 CBC and have been reported every year since 1990. Murray considers them to be common and notes two nests found. Large numbers are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 989 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from early to mid-October). Status: Year-round resident and breeder, not numerous and more commonly seen during the winter months Photo: Lexington, 14 February 2009. For additional photos: Sharp-shinned Hawk

Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder Dates: Year-round with a majority of the sightings during the winter Location: RC History: Cooper’s Hawks are residents of the county that are not present in large numbers. There are 14 recent records primarily from the Lexington area. A pair could be found on the back parts of Washington and Lee’s campus during the 1990’s, but no nest was located. More recently, a pair has been seen around the Kendall Retirement Community. Cooper’s Hawks have been reported in 32 of 84 CBC. Murray considers Cooper’s Hawks to be fairly common and reports one nest found. Cooper’s Hawks are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 162 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring in October and early November). Status: Year-round resident and breeder but not numerous and could be seen in the county. Photo: Harrisonburg, VA, 24 December 2011. For additional photos: Cooper's Hawk

Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis):

Occurrence: Accidental Date: 5 November 2008 History: Alex Merritt found a Goshawk near Rockbridge Baths on 5 November 2008. This is the first record of this species in the county. Status: Accidental and not expected.

Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: There are 19 recent records of Red-shouldered Hawks in the area. A pair has been reported on a regular basis at Goshen Pass where the pair is likely nesting in the area west of the Swinging Bridge. During the winter of 2003-04 an individual was seen several times along Woods Creek and on the Kendall property in Lexington. An adult or pair can be seen around Kendal throughout the year. During the fall and winter of 2010, one juvenile and two adult Red-shouldered Hawks were seen in the Kendal area. Red- shouldered Hawks are reported on 41 or 88 CBC’s with six individuals seen in 2001 and seven seen in 2007. Murray notes 40 records and one nest located in the county (near the present day Kendal development). Red-shouldered Hawks are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 31 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring in early November). Status: Year-round resident and breeder but not numerous and could be seen in the county. Photo: Lexington, 13 February 2010. For additional photos: Red-shouldered Hawk

Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: April through September (earliest arrival 9 April 2009) Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, NM, forested areas of RC History: These are hawks of the forest and are often seen along forest roads. There are numerous recent records of Broad-winged Hawks in the area. They arrive early in April and are expected by the third week of April. They remain in the area until at least mid September (the latest record is 24 September 2009). Murray notes that Broad-winged Hawks are seen between April and November and are transients with a few summer residents. Large numbers are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 7,716 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from mid to late September. Although in 2010, an extraordinarily large Broad-winged migration occurred with 32,490 individuals counted and most passing by on three different days). Status: Common summer resident and breeder and could be seen in the forests in the county. Photo: Along Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 36, 25 April 2008.

Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: This is the most common hawk in the area and is a permanent resident. There are numerous recent records from around the county with sightings in every month. During the winter, the number of Red-tailed Hawks in the area increases due to an influx of individuals from northern areas. Red-tailed Hawks have been reported in 67 of the 84 CBC’s with a high count of 46 individuals seen in 2004. Since 1999, an average of 28 Red-tails has been reported on the CBC. Murray notes that these hawks are common and nest in the area. He notes three nests found. Large numbers are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 1,077 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from late October to early November). Status: Common year-round resident and breeder and should be seen in the county. Photo: Left photo, Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 28, 16 October 2010; right photo, near Lexington, 1 November 2009. For additional photos: Red-tailed Hawk

Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus):

Occurrence: Winter transient and migrant Dates: December through March Locations: LR, northern RC History: This is a rare hawk in the area with one record 7 January 1999. There are five reports of Rough-legged Hawks on the CBC (2011, 2008, 1993, 1980, 1976). During the winters of 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2011-2012, a Rough-legged Hawk was seen on a regular basis near Stuart’s Draft. Murray reports one record on 6 December 1948 near Lexington. Status: Rare and should not be expected to be seen in the county. Photo: Near Stuart’s Draft, 5 January 2012. For additional photos: Rough-legged Hawk

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos):

Occurrence: Winter migrant but transients/juveniles could be seen any time Dates: December through February with one record in June Locations: BRP 1, southern RC History: There are five recent sightings of Golden Eagles in the area. Paul Cabe and Leigh Ann Beavers saw a juvenile above Nature Camp (Vesuvius area) on 3 February 2002. I saw an immature bird on 31 January 2004 and 2 February 2004 along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Mile Post 45, and one individual near Mile Post 28 (Nature Camp area) on 21 June 2005. Three reports of Golden Eagles are noted in the CBC with the most recent in 2004. Murray notes three sightings in the county in 1934 and 1945. A few Golden Eagles are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 6 individuals per year). Status: Rare and not be expected in the county.

Falconiformes: Kestrels, Merlins, Peregrine Falcons (For all photos: Vultures, Kites, Eagles, Hawks, and Falcons )

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius):

Occurrence: Common, year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Kestrels are open field birds and are most often seen on wires and fence posts along the open farm roads of the county. There are numerous recent records from around the county mainly in the late winter and spring (February through April). Kestrels have been reported in most months of the years and are likely breeding in the area. There is an obvious influx of birds in the winter months indicating that the area is a wintering area for northern birds. Kestrels have been reported in 75 CBC’s with a peak of 21 individuals seen in 2001. Murray notes seven nesting records and considers Kestrels to be a common resident. Kestrels are reported along the Blue Ridge Mountains during fall hawk migration (Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 122 individuals per year with the peak migration occurring from late September to mid-October). Historical records suggest that Kestrels are now less common. Status: Common year-round resident and breeder with winter migrants and should be seen in the county. Photo: Near Stuart’s Draft, 22 December 2010 (by Lucy Rowe). For additional photos: American Kestrel

Merlin (Falco columbarius):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: September through May Locations: RC History: Alex Merritt saw a Merlin on 14 October 2010 in the Jonestown area of the county. Dick and Lucy Rowe located a Merlin at Willow Lake on 1 May 2011. In addition, there are two recent records from the CBC (2009, 1991). Murray reports five records: 13-14 April (1933), 3 May (1948), 22 September (1941) and 13 September (1948). The Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 16 individuals per year migrating along the Blue Ridge Mountains with the peak migration occurring from mid to late October. It is likely that individuals could be seen migrating south along the Blue Ridge Parkway in the fall. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not be expected to be seen. Photo: Both photos taken at Willow Lake, 1 May 2011 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Merlin

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus):

Occurrence: Transient and migrant through the area Dates: Fall migration (September through February) Locations: MF, northern RC History: There are three recent sightings. One by Paul Cabe in the Raphine area on 13 February 2007, one by Kieran Kilday on 8 September 2010 at McCormick’s Farm, and one by Alex Merritt and Kieran Kilday on 18 November 2010 at McCormick’s Farm. Two reports of Peregrine Falcons have been noted in the CBC in 1958 and 1951. Murray reports that a nesting pair was in the county (a nest found by Bob Paxton near the entrance to Goshen Pass in 1975) but gives no date or location and notes that he had seen individuals between April and September. The Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch reports an average of 24 individuals per year migrating along the Blue Ridge Mountains with the peak migration occurring in late September. The Rockfish Gap Hawk Watch observation station would be the best location for seeing a Peregrine Falcon during the fall. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not be expected to be seen.

Gruiformes: Rails, Gallinules, Moorhens, and Coots (All photos: Rails, Gallinules, Moorhens, and Coots )

Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis):

Occurrence: There have been no recent sightings Dates: Murray reports two sightings, one in 1937 and one in 1954. He considers Yellow Rails to be rare in the area. Location: LEX History: Both reports were from wet/marshy areas near Lexington Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris):

Occurrence: There have been no recent sightings Dates: 9 November Location: RC History: Murray reports finding a dead Clapper Rail on 9 November 1928. There is no indication that this species normally occurs in the area, and Murray suspected that the bird may have been shot along the coast and disposed of in the county. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

King Rail (Rallus elegans):

Occurrence: There have been no recent sightings Dates: 15 May Location: southern RC History: Murray reports one sighting on 15 May 1940 on South Buffalo Creek. A second, unconfirmed sighting was reported from Big Spring in August of 1929. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola):

Occurrence: There are two reports of a Virginia Rail in the county (1932 and 1953). Dates: 26 September and 17 November Location: BS, JR in Glasgow History: Murray reports seeing a Virginia Rail at Big Spring on 26 September 1932. Bob Paxton found a Virginia Rail in Glasgow on 17 November 1953. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area. Sora (Porzana carolina):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: 13 April to 27 May and 12 August to 5 November Locations: Cameron’s Pond, BS, JR in Glasgow, OFRP History: A juvenile Sora was located at Old Farm Road Rd. pond 14 August 2011 by Lucy Rowe, Dick Rowe, and Kieran Kilday. Murray reports that Soras were common in the spring (13 April to 27 May) and fall (29 August to 5 November) between 1928 to 1932 on Cameron’s Pond. Between 1932 and 1948 he notes that it was less common at Cameron’s Pond. Soras were also seen at Big Spring until 1932. Bob Paxton reported a sighting on 17 November 1953 in Glasgow. The draining of Cameron’s Pond undoubtedly has had an impact on the movement of Soras through the area. Status: Rare and not expected to be seen in the county

Purple Gallinule (Porphyrula martinica):

Occurrence: One sighting in 1940. Dates: 16 May 1940 Location: Southern RC History: Murray reports one sighting on South Buffalo Creek on 16 May 1940. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus):

Occurrence: There are three reports from the late 1920’s and early 1930’s. Dates: April and May Locations: BS, LEX History: Murray reports three records; 1 May 1927 near Lexington, 19-25 April 1929 at Big Spring, 3 May 1932 at Big Spring. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

American Coot (Fulica americana):

Occurrence: Uncommon migrant Dates: October (earliest sighting 22 October at Willow Lake) through March (latest sighting 27 March at Willow Lake) Locations: WL, LR, BS, PQ, BQ, LM History: There are numerous sightings of Coots in the county (Willow Lake, Lake Robertson, Lake Merriweather, and Barger Quarry Pond) with 22 October 2006 as the earliest fall date and 27 March 2005 as the latest spring date. A flock of 20+ Coots has been reported on Willow Lake during the winters of 2003-04, 2004-05, and in 2006. On 1 November 2009 a group of 15 Coots

was seen at Willow Lake. Single individuals were reported during the late fall of 2010 on Big Spring, Pond’s quarry, and Willow Lake. November seems to be the most common month to see Coots, especially at Willow Lake. Fifteen reports of Coots are listed in the CBC with most of the reports from the early and mid 1980’s, but there are three recent reports (2008, 2009, 2010) on the CBC. Murray considers Coots to be transients and seen in the spring between 20 March and 15 May and in the fall between 23 September and 13 December. Status: Fall and spring migrant and not expected in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 1 April 2011. For additional photos: American Coot

Charadriiformes: Plovers, Killdeer, Sandpipers, Snipe, Woodcock, Phalaropes, Gulls, and Terns (All photos: Plovers, Killdeer, Sandpipers, Snipe, Woodcocks, Phalaropes, and Gulls )

Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola):

Occurrence: Transient during migration, but there have been no recent sightings Dates: May and August through September Locations: LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: There are four sightings near Lexington with three of the sightings at the pond at Womeldorf farm (18 August 1955, 28 August 1949, and 7 September 1953). The sighting in 1949 was associated with a costal hurricane that may have affected the migration of these birds. The other sighting was from north of Lexington on 25 May 1935. Status: Accidental and should not be expected to be seen in the area.

Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: May and August and September Locations: OFRP, LEX (Cameron’s Pond and Womeldorf Farm) History: Two individuals were located on Old Farm Road pond on 27 August 2011 by Dick Rowe. The birds were not present the next day, suggesting that they were passing through during migration. Murray reports Semipalmated Plovers as transients that are seen between 2 to 27 May and 6 August to 23 September. He notes that most of the records were from Cameron’s Pond, but a flock of 25+ was seen on 20 May 1954 on Womeldorf Pond. Status: Rare migrant and not be expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Rd. pond, 27 August 2011 For additional photos: Semipalmated Plover

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous):

Occurrence: Year-round resident Dates: Throughout the year with higher population numbers during the spring and summer Locations: RC History: Killdeer are permanent residents of the county with individuals seen all year. There are numerous recent records of Killdeer in the area. Many of the sightings are in March and April and may represent migrants passing through the area. Killdeer are

commonly seen around Willow Lake. Killdeer have been noted in 67 of 85 CBC with as many as 42 individuals seen in 1979. Murray reports several nests of Killdeer in the county. Status: Common, year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 19 March 2009. For additional photos: Killdeer

Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia):

Occurrence: Spring and fall migrant with previous records of breeding in the area. Dates: April and May and August and September Locations: SR, BS, WL, MR, BRP at James River, OFRP History: There are a number of recent records: 11 April 2001, 26 April 2007, 24 April 2010, 24 April 2011, 25 April 2008, 28 April 2010, 5 May 2010, 10 May 2010, 12 May 2009, 13 May 2009, 16 May 2009, 17 May 2003, 30 July 2009, 12 August 2006, 21 August 2011, 8 September 2009, 17 September 2009, and 13 November 2009 of Spotted Sandpipers in the area. Murray reports that Spotted Sandpipers are a common, summer resident with sightings between 16 April and 24 September. He notes that downy young were found in May. There are no recent records of breeding in the area. Status: Uncommon migrant and not commonly seen in the area Photo: Old Farm Rd. pond, 17 April 2011. For additional photos: Spotted Sandpiper

Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria):

Occurrence: Spring and fall migrant Dates: Late March through May and July and September Locations: MF, OFRP, SR, BS, LT History: There are several recent sightings. Two individuals were seen at McCormick’s Farm on 30 July 2006 and one individual on 22 August 2009. A single individual was seen along South River near the confluence with the Maury River on 28 April 2010. Two individuals were seen on 24 April 2011 with one at Willow Lake and the other along the South River near the Chessie Trail. A group of six individuals were present on the Old Farm Rd. Pond in from 10 September to 18 September 2010. Murray considered Solitary Sandpipers to be very common in the spring occurring between 29 March and 28 May. He reports two sightings in July (6 July and 9 July 1951). Status: Common migrant and should be seen during migration Photo: Old Farm Pond, 12 September 2010. For additional photos: Solitary Sandpiper

Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca):

Occurrence: Probably migrants through the area Dates: March through June and late August through late November Locations: WL, LEX (Womeldorf Farm), OFRP History: There are three recent sightings on 12 and 13 November 2009 by Alex Merritt at Willow Lake (probably the same bird). This is the same time frame that a large number of unusual ducks were forced down onto Willow Lake by a passing hurricane. Also, one individual was located at the Old Farm Road Pond on 13 September 2010, and one individual was found on 11 April 2011 by Dick and Lucy Rowe. Murray reports that Greater Yellowlegs are uncommon transients occurring in the area between 28 March to 1 June and between 28 August and 18 November. He notes that a flock of about 75 birds was present on Womeldorf Pond on 17 September 1957. Status: Rare migrant and not expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Road pond, 11 April 2011. For additional photos: Greater Yellowlegs

Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes):

Occurrence: Migrants through the area Dates: Late March through late May and July through November Locations: OFRP History: There are two, recent records for Lesser Yellowlegs, and both are from Old Farm Road pond. A Lesser Yellowlegs was located by Dick Rowe on 19 August 2011, and Alex Merritt Located one on 26 September 2010. Lesser Yellowlegs were considered by Murray to be common transients in the spring occurring between 27 March to 23 May but uncommon in the fall occurring between 21 July to 14 November. Status: Rare migrant and not expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Road pond, 19 August 2011 For additional photos: Lesser Yellowlegs

Upland Plover (Bartramia longicauda):

Occurrence: Transient and potential breeder, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 22 March through 18 October Location: RC History: Murray reports that Upland Plovers are fairly common as transients and uncommon as summer residents. He notes their presence from 22 March through 18 October and that nests with you were located in 1930 (3 June) and 1935 (27 May). Status: Rare and not expected in the area.

Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres):

Occurrence: Two records for the county. Dates: 28 August 1949 and 20 May 1954 Location: LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: Murray notes two records (28 August 1949 and 20 May 1954) from Womeldorf Pond. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Sanderling (Calidris alba):

Occurrence: One record from 1950 and one record from 2011. Dates: 20 August 1950 and 12 August 2011 Location: LEX (Womeldorf Farm), OFRP History: A single Sanderling was located by Dick Rowe on the Old Farm Rd. pond on 12 August 2011. The bird was not located the following day. Murray reports one Sanderling at Womeldorf Pond on 20 August 1950. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Rd. pond, 12 August 2011 For additional photos: Sanderling

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla):

Occurrence: Transients during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: May and August through September Location: OFRP, RC History: There two recent records of Semipalmated Sandpipers in the county. Both records are from the Old Farm Road Pond. Alex Merritt found an individual on 15 September 2010, and Dick Rowe found an individual on 3 September 2011. For both sightings, the bird only remained in the area for one day. Murray reports that Semipalmated

Sandpipers are fairly common transients in the spring occurring between 3 and 31 May and that they are uncommon in the fall occurring between 8 August and 22 September. Status: Transient and only expected during migration. Photo: Old Farm Road Pond, 3 September 2011. For additional photos: Semipalmated Sandpiper

Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri):

Occurrence: One record from 1951 and there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 9 July 1951 Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond) History: Murray reports one record from Cameron’s Pond on 9 July 1951. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla):

Occurrence: Transients during spring and fall migration Dates: April through mid-June and August through mid-October Locations: OFRP, RC History: Several individuals were spotted on the pond on Old Farm Rd. on 5 September 2010 and were present until 30 September 2010. In 2011, three individuals were located on OFRP on 12 August. Murray reports that Least Sandpipers are common transients occurring between 2 April and 13 June and 8 August to 10 October. He provides no specific dates or locations. Status: Rare and not expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Road Pond, 12 August 2011 For additional photos: Least Sandpiper

White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis):

Occurrence: Transients during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 21 and 31 May 30 and 30 September to 1 October 1940 and 5-6 November 1953 Locations: LEX, BS History: Murray considers White-rumped Sandpipers to be transients through the area. He reports seven spring records occurring between 21 and 31 May. In addition he reports two fall records: 30 September to 1 October 1940 near Lexington and 5-6 November 1953 at Big Spring. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: 3 to 8 April 1931 and 26 May 1950 and 2 September 2006 Locations: OFRP, BS History: There have been two recent sightings. One individual was seen 2 September 2006 at Big Spring and another individual was present on Old Farm Rd Pond between 14 September and 18 September 2010. Murray reports two spring records: 3 to 8 April 1931 and 26 May 1950. He considers them to be uncommon in the fall with an occurrence between 23 July and 12 November. Status: Accidental transients and not expected in the area. Photo: Old Farm Road Pond, 18 September 2010. For additional photos: Pectoral Sandpiper

Dunlin (Calidris alpine):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 21 and 29 May and 22- 27 September and 30 October Location: RC History: Murray reports four records: 29 May 1950, 21 May 1954, 22-27 September 1952, and 30 October 1957. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Stilt Sandpiper (Calidris himantopus):

Occurrence: Transient during fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: Late September through mid-October Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond) History: There are only two records for Stilt Sandpipers in the area. Murray reports two records from Cameron’s Pond, 13 October 1947 and 22-30 September 1949. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Short-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 20 May and 17 September Location: LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: Murray reports two records from Womeldorf Pond, 20 May 1954 and 17 September 1957. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata):

Occurrence: Migrant and occasional winter resident Dates: September through May Locations: BRP at JR, BB, OFRP, WL, RC History: There have been a number of recent records for Snipe on 29 April 2000 and 29 May 1996 from the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway, on 19 March 2007 near Rockbridge Baths, on 9 April 2010 at Willow Lake and at Big Spring, on 26 September 2010 on Old Farm Road Pond, and on 8 March 2010 and 18 December 2010 near Brownsburg. In addition, Snipe have been observed on the CBC 55 of the 84 years. Murray notes Snipe are seen in the spring between 20 February and 14 May and in the fall and winter from 9 September through January. Status: Uncommon winter species and migrant that could be seen in the area. Photo: Kerrs Creek area, 14 January 2011. For additional photos: Wilson's Snipe

American Woodcock (Scolopax minor):

Occurrence: Transients during spring and summer migration and perhaps nest in the area. Dates: Mid-March to mid-April and November through December Locations: BRP AO, BB History: There are a number recent records for the area. The earliest record for the county is 3 March 2010 and an additional early record is from the Pedlar Reservoir nearby in Amherst County on 12 March 2000. An individual was seen on Apple Orchard Mountain on 20 May 2006. Alex Merritt reports a number of sightings in March and April of 2009 and 2010 from a farm near Rockbridge Baths. He reports display flights from this location. The latest record (excluding the CBC) is 14 November (2005). Woodcocks have only been reported 8 of 84 years on the CBC. Murray considers Woodcocks transients and notes that they have been seen in every month excepting October, January, and February. The wide-spread occurrence of Woodcocks suggests that they may breed in the area. There are reports of peenting grounds and breeding in nearby counties. Status: Uncommon species seen mainly during spring migration and not expected to be seen in the area.

Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicaria):

Occurrence: Transient during fall migration and there are no recent sightings. Dates: 30 September and 1 October Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond and Womeldorf Farm) History: Murray reports two records from the area. An individual was seen at Cameron’s Pond on 30 September 1940 and one at Womeldorf Pond on 1 October 1957. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Bonaparte’s Gull (Larus Philadelphia):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration. Dates: Late March through April and October through early December. Locations: WL, RC History: There have been five recent sightings of 10-12 individuals at Willow Lake on 2 April 2005, two individuals at Willow Lake on 13 December 2010, four individuals at Willow Lake on 1 April 2011, nine individuals at Willow Lake on 5 April 2011, and a single adult on 24 April 2011. Bonaparte’s Gulls have been reported once (1978) on the CBC when a flock of 15 was sighted. Murray reports 11 spring records between 28 March and 29 April, 2 fall records between 8 – 31 October 1951, and 2 winter records on 4 December 1955 and 8 January 1932. Status: Uncommon migrant and not expected in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 1 April 2011 by Lucy Rowe For additional photos: Bonaparte’s Gull

Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla):

Occurrence: Transient and there are no recent sightings. Dates: 11 March Location: LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: Murray reports one record on 11 March 1952 on Womeldorf Pond. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Ring-billed Gull (Larus Delawarensis):

Occurrence: Transient that could be seen anytime of the year but most commonly seen during the spring Dates: March through April and late September to November. Locations: WL, BS, BQ, LM, RC History: There have been a number of recent sightings of Ring- billed Gulls in the area. A flock of 32 gulls was seen at Lake Merriweather on 26 December 2011 during the CBC. Individuals were seen at Willow Lake on 2 April 2005, a flock of about 60 individuals was observed on 6 December 2008, a single individual on 2 November 2009, a flock of 15 on 12 November 2009, a single individual on 9 December 2009, a single individual on 18 November 2010, 8 individuals on 7 December 2010, and a large flock of 139 individuals on 13 December 2010. A flock of about 20 individuals flying over Lexington on 12 March 2005, two individuals at Barger’s Quarry Pond on 30 March 2004, two individuals were seen at Big Spring on 29 March 2010, and three individuals were seen in the Wal-Mart parking lot on 18 April 2010. Ring-billed Gulls have been reported on 10 of 84 CBC with a flock

of 57 observed in 2001. Murray notes that Ring-billed Gulls are fairly common in the spring occurring between 1 February to 6 June with a flock of 11 individuals seen at VMI on 4 April 1954, and uncommon in the fall occurring between 24 September to 1 November. He reports one winter record on 6 December 1937. Status: Uncommon transient and could be seen in the area. Photo: Upper photograph – Big Spring, 29 March 2010; lower photograph – Willow Lake, 6 December 2008. For additional photos: Ring-billed Gull

Herring Gull (Larus argentatus):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: March and December Locations: RC History: Herring Gulls are rare in the area with only one report on the CBC (1976). Murray notes only five records of Herring Gulls: 1 February, 4 March, and 19 March 1951; 18 March 1955; and 14 December 1956. Status: Accidental transient and not expected in the area.

Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia):

Occurrence: Transient with one record in the area (1947). Dates: 13 October 1947 Location: LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: Murray reports one record on 13 October 1947 at Womeldorf Pond. He notes that the bird was in poor health. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Black Tern (Chlidonias niger):

Occurrence: Transients during spring and fall migration, but there have been no recent sightings. Dates: 10-26 May and 23 July to 6 October Location: RC History: Murray reports that Black Terns are transients and uncommon in the area. He has 13 records occurring between 10 – 26 May and 23 July to 6 October. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Common Tern (Sterna hirundo):

Occurrence: Transient during migration. Dates: 20 May 1952 and 11 June 1955, 16 and 18 October 2009 Location: WL, LEX (Womeldorf Farm) History: Alex Merritt reported two individuals at Willow Lake on 16 October 2010 and one individual at Willow Lake on 18 October 2010. Murray reports two confirmed records on 11 June 1955 at Womeldorf Pond and on 20 May 1952 near Lexington. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Forster’s Tern

Occurrence: Transient during migration Date: 16 – 24 April 2011, 18 October 2009 and 8 September 2010 Location: WL, LT History: Alex Merritt found one individual at Willow Lake on 18 October 2009 and one individual on a pond on R.E. Lee road (near Locher Tract) on 8 September 2010. These are the only records from the county. An individual was seen at Willow Lake on several occasions between 16 April and 24 April 2011. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 24 April 2011 For additional photos: Forster’s Tern

Columbiformes: Pigeons and Doves (All photos: Pigeons, Doves, and Cuckoos )

Rock Pigeon (Columbia livia):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Year-round residents of the county and can be found in most areas except forests. Rock Pigeons have been reported every year on the CBC since 1974 excepting 2003. A high count of 657 individuals was recorded in 2005. Prior to 1974, it appears that they were not included rather than being absent from the county. Status: Abundant/common species in the area and should be seen Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 17 March 2011. For additional photos: Rock Pigeon

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Common residents that are seen thoughtout the county. Mourning Doves are often found in medium to large flocks in the fall and winter. Mourning Doves have been reported in 73 of 84 CBC. Murray reports eggs found from late March until September. Mourning Doves are a game species with a three-part hunting season from early September to early January. Status: Abundant/common species in the area and should be seen. Photo: Willow Lake, 4 August 2009. For additional photos: Mourning Dove

Cuculiformes: Cuckoos

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus):

Occurrence: Summer breeder Dates: 25 April through 21 October Location: RC, LEX, GP, NM, BRP 2, BRP AO History: There are numerous recent records of Yellow-billed Cuckoos from the county with the earliest record of 29 April 2000 with most birds in the area by mid-May. The latest departure record is 18 September 2010. Cuckoos can be found in wooded areas of the county including Lexington, Goshen Pass, and along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Murray considers Yellow-billed Cuckoos to be common summer residents arriving about 25 April and departing about 21 October. Nests with eggs have been found from 13 May through 1 August. Status: Common summer breeder and could be seen in the county. Photo: Goshen Pass, 7 May 2011 For additional photos: Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Black-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalamus):

Occurrence: Summer breeder in the area Dates: May through September Location: RC History: Considered to be a summer resident but uncommon by Murray, he notes that they are found between 3 May and 23 September above 1500 feet. He reports nests in May near Lexington and Goshen Pass. There are no recent records. Status: Uncommon summer breeder that should not be expected to be seen in the area.

Strigiformes: Owls (All photos: Owls )

Barn Owl (Tyto alba):

Occurrence: Year-round residents and breeders in the area with some migratory individuals Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Barn Owls are likely distributed throughout the county. Recently, a pair has been nesting in a silo west of town and two barns have had pellets but no owls in residence. Barn Owls have been reported on two CBC (2005, 1949) and during the count week in 2006. Murray considers Barn Owls to be common and notes two nests near Lexington. Historical records suggest that there has been a decline in the Barn Owl population in the area. Status: Unusual year-round resident of the county and not be expected to be seen.

Eastern Screech-Owl (Otus asio):

Occurrence: Year-round residents and breeders in the area. Dates: Year-round Locations: LEX, GP, BRP 1, RC History: There are numerous recent records of Screech-Owls in the area. Screech-Owls are common throughout the county and often can be heard calling in the winter and early spring. Several young were seen in Lexington during a rain storm in 1996. Screech-Owls have been reported every year since 1972 on the CBC and overall are noted in 50 of 84 years. A record high count of 20 individuals was reported in 2001. Most of the Screech-Owls are red phase. Murray reports a number of sightings and nesting attempts. Status: Common, year-round resident of the area and could be seen or heard.

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder in the area Dates: Year-round Locations: RC History: Great Horned Owls can be found in wood lots throughout the county, but they are not present in large numbers. There are only a few recent reports of Great Horned Owls in the area. Two individuals were heard calling on 26 February 2011 in Lexington, one individual was heard along Woods Creek in Lexington on 1 May 2010, one was heard calling on 24 December 2010 in Lexington, a record of an owl along the Maury River on 11 October 2009, one record from Goshen Pass (Hunter Access Road) on 24 February 2009, and one record of a DOR individual on 1 October 1995. Great Horned Owls have been reported on 27 CBC and every year from 1992 to 2007. Murray notes that they are a permanent resident and common in large timber. Status: Uncommon, year-round resident that could be seen or heard in the area.

Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca):

Occurrence: Two, possible records from 1890 and 1920 Dates: None available, but the sightings would have been during the winter Location: RC History: Murray notes two reports in 1890 and 1920 of probable Snowy Owls in the area. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Barred Owl (Strix varia):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder in the area. Dates: Year-round Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, NM, RC History: There are numerous recent records of Barred Owls primarily from forested areas along the Blue Ridge and Goshen Pass. Barred Owls can be heard calling during the day. Barred Owls have been reported in 14 of 84 CBC. Murray considers them to be fairly common and permanent residents. Status: Unusual, permanent resident of the county and could be seen or heard in forested areas. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 4 June 2011. For additional photos: Barred Owl

Long-eared Owl (Asio otus):

Occurrence: Transient with two records for the area Dates: December 1951 and in 1929 Location: RC History: One Long-eared Owl has been reported on the CBC in 1951. There is one unconfirmed sighting of a Long-eared Owl on House Mountain in November of 2008. Murray notes several were seen in 1929 near Lexington and one on 26 December 1951 (CBC date). Status: Accidental and perhaps a migrant but not expected in the area.

Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus):

Occurrence: Transient/winter migrant with no recent sightings. Dates: December through March Location: RC History: One Short-eared Owl has been reported on the CBC in 1949. Murray notes six records; fall of 1922, 11 and 12 March 1929, the fall of 1934, 28 December 1949 and 2 January of 1950, and January 1953. It is worth noting that Short-eared Owls are reported on a yearly basis in an area just north of Staunton. Status: Rare winter migrant and not expected in the area.

Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus):

Occurrence: Migrant through the area Dates: 20 December and 22-25 February Locations: SR, RC History: There are two recent reports of Saw-whet Owls in the area. On 20 December 2008 a Saw-whet along South River Road near Nature Camp, and on 2 June through 5 June 1998 a Saw- whet Owl was present at the Burleson’s house along Kerrs Creek. Murray reports one Saw-whet from 22 to 25 February in 1937 on the Washington and Lee Campus. There is a long-term Saw- whet banding program that is organized by Dr. Clair Mellinger of Eastern Mennonite University. He bands a large number of owls each fall and it is likely that Saw-whet Owls continue their migration through our area. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not expected to be seen.

Caprimulgiformes: Nighthawks and Whip-poor-wills

Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor):

Occurrence: Formerly a summer resident/breeder but now may only be a migrant Dates: Arrival 10 April through 18 May Locations: LEX, RC History: Formerly, Nighthawks were considered to be summer residents and were commonly seen over the parade ground at VMI and Lexington. Currently, there is no evidence of breeding in the area, and Nighthawks are seen only during migration. The earliest arrival date is 10 April 1996. Murray notes arrivals between 23 April and 18 May and nests located in June and July. Status: Uncommon migrant and no longer expected to be seen

Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous):

Occurrence: Summer residents/breeders Dates: Early arrival date of 22 March 1948 with birds seen and heard through July Locations: RC, RB, NM History: There are several recent records from the county: 17 April 2009, 18 April to 10 May 2009 near Rockbridge Baths, 20 April to 4 May 2010 near Rockbridge Baths, 28 April 2007, 2 May 2007, and 18 July 2006. Paul Moosman located a nest with two eggs on 16 June 2011 in the Kerrs Creek area. Murray notes that Whip- poor-wills are locally common and notes an early arrival date of 22 March 1948. Formerly, Whip-poor-wills were wide-spread throughout the county, but recently they are only heard or seen in the forested areas especially along North Mountain and Goshen Pass. Status: Locally uncommon summer resident and breeder and could be found in the area Photo: Kerrs Creek area, 27June 2011 For additional photos: Whip-poor-will

Apodiformes: Swifts and Hummingbirds (All photos: Nighthawks, Whip-poor-wills, Swifts, Hummingbirds, and Kingfishers )

Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Arrival (5 April 1952 and 17 April 2004) and departure (10 October 2010 and 24 October Location: RC History: Chimney Swifts are common in the area. They can be seen on a regular basis beginning in the third week of April (the earliest arrival date is 17 April 2004) until early October (late date of 9 October 2010). Swifts are seen throughout the area with individuals being observed at the top of Apple Orchard Mountain (4000 feet) down to the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway (670 feet). Murray reports arrival dates for Swifts ranging from 5 April (1952) to 17 April and nest building beginning in May. Murray reports that swifts have been seen as late as 24 October. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early arrival date of 19 April in 1957 and 2005 and late departure date of 2 October 2006 and 12 November 1956. Locations: RC, BRP 1, BRP 2, WL, MF History: Hummingbirds can be found throughout the area. Individuals have been seen along the Blue Ridge Parkway with a nest found at Yankee Horse Ridge pull-off (26 May 2009), in Lexington, Goshen Pass, Willow Lake, and farms in the area. These birds arrive in late April to early May with individuals regularly reported during the third week of April. During September of 2010, a large number (10+) of hummingbirds could be seen along Marl Creek at McCormick’s Farm. Murray and I note an earliest arrival date of 19 April (1957 and 2005) and Murray reports a departure date of 28 September (1950) and I have seen a hummingbird on 2 October (2006). He observed one individual on 12 November 1956. Murray reports that nests were found in May in the area. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 11 September 2010. For additional photos: Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufur)

Occurrence: Accidental migrant Dates: 25 September 2011 Location: Near Lexington History: A single individual was present at a hummingbird feeder near Lexington for one day during September, 2011. Melinda Robinson photographed the bird, and the photographs provided sufficient detail on tail feather morphology to conclude it was a Rufous Hummingbird (reference: Peter Pyle, Identification Guide to North American Birds, 1997, Slate Creek Press, Bolinas CA.). Status: Rare and not expected in the county. Photo: Jacob’s Ladder Rd, 25 September 2011 by Melinda Robinson. Additional photos: Rufous Hummingbird

Coraciiformes: Kingfishers

Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Locations: BS, LEX, MR, SR, WL, MF, steams/creeks and ponds in RC History: Kingfishers are year-round residents in the area and are found along creeks, rivers, ponds and lakes. Sighting records occur in every month and individuals are seen throughout the county. They have been reported on 78 of 84 CBC and have been reported every year since 1946. Murray notes that nests were found in mid- March and young in May. Status: Common year-round resident/breed and should be seen in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 1 August 2011. For additional photos: Belted Kingfisher

Piciformes: Woodpeckers (All photos: Woodpeckers )

Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus):

Occurrence: Formerly a summer resident/breeder with the possibility that some individuals either remaining year-round or migrate into the area during the winter Dates: May through January Locations: southern RC and northern RC and formerly near BS History: Red-headed Woodpeckers are uncommon in the area. Paul Cabe located a Red-headed Woodpecker along New Providence Rd. in the northern part of the county in November of 2011. The bird was still present in late December. There is one report of an individual near Kyger’s Hill on 31 March 2006, and another individual was seen along Buffalo Creek near Blue Grass Trail (Kyger’s Hill area) on 16-18 January of 2010. Alex Merritt reported an individual near Rockbridge Baths on 28 September 2009. Red-headed Woodpeckers have been reported in 22 of 84 CBC with one individual seen in 1998, 1993, and 1992 and then not seen until the late 1970s. Murray considers Red-headed Woodpeckers as uncommon summer residents. Bob Paxton notes that a pair was seen for several years near Big Spring. He noted nests on 24 May 1929, 8 June 1931, 4 July 1930, and 10 September 1929. Status: Rare summer resident or winter migrant and may be restricted to only a few locations in the area. Red-headed Woodpeckers are not expected to be seen unless specific locations are visited. Photo: Rockbridge Co., 17 December 2011. For additional photos: Red-headed Woodpecker

Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Red-bellied Woodpeckers are a common, year-round resident of the area and can be found in residential areas, farms and fence rows, as well as forests. Individuals have been reported during every month. They have been recorded on 78 of 84 CBC with a high count of 42 in 2002 and have been reported every year since 1942. Murray reported finding nests in early May. Status: Abundant, year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 19 December 2009 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Red-bellied Woodpecker

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius):

Occurrence: Winter resident Dates: Earliest arrival date of 19 September 2004 and late departure date of 10 April 2001 and 2 May (Murray) Location: RC History: Sapsuckers are common winter residents and can be found throughout the area. The earliest arrival date is 19 September 2004 and a late departure date of 10 April 2001 has been recorded with most reports occurring from late December through the first week of April. Sapsuckers have been reported in 69 of 84 CBC and every year since 1988. The record count for sapsuckers was 65 individuals reported in 1977. Murray reports an early arrival of 29 October 1942 and a departure date of 2 May. He reports individuals during the summer in adjoining Amherst Co. Status: Common winter resident in the area and should be seen. Photo: BRP 1, 20 March 2008. For additional photos: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Downy Woodpeckers are a common, year-round resident found throughout the area. They have been reported in 83 of 84 CBC and every year since 1937. They were one of twenty-one species recorded on the first CBC in Lexington in 1922. Murray notes nests and young in May and June. Status: Abundant, year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 1 November 2008. For additional photos: Downy Woodpecker

Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Hairy Woodpeckers are year-round residents of the area and are typically found in more wooded areas than Downy Woodpeckers. They have been reported in 65 of 84 CBC and continuously since 1968. Murray notes nests in May and June. Status: Common, year-round resident and should be seen in forested areas of the county. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 30 December 2009. For additional photos: Hairy Woodpecker

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Flickers are common, year-round residents of the area and can be found in residential, farm land, or forested areas of the county. They have been reported in 70 of 84 with a high count of 39 individuals in 2007 CBC and every year since 1970. Murray reports that nesting begins in late March with nestlings in mid-June. Status: Common, year-round resident and should be seen in the area.

Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Pileateds are common, year-round residents of the area. They can be found in residential and wooded areas of the county. Pileated Woodpeckers have been reported in 79 of 84 CBC with a high count of 35 individuals reported in 2001, and they have been reported every year since 1942. Murray notes nests found in mid to late May. Status: Common year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 18 January 2010. For additional photos: Pileated Woodpecker

Passeriformes: Tyrannidae Flycatchers

Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi):

Occurrence: Transient or fall migrant Dates: August and September Locations: MR at Lime Kiln Bridge, Nelson Co. History: There are two records of Olive-sided Flycatchers in or near the county. Murray notes that an individual was seen on 7 September 1942 near Lime Kiln Bridge over the Maury River and an individual was seen on 1 August 1937 in Montebello in Nelson County. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early arrival date is 3 May and late departure date is 28 August Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP History: Pewees are common summer residents of the forests in the county especially along the Blue Ridge Parkway. They are seen and heard regularly beginning in the third week of May. The earliest arrival date is 3 May 2010, and the latest departure date is 1 October 2010. Murray reports that Pewees are found from 28 April to 13 October with eggs present by late May. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in forested areas. Photo: BRP AO, 19 June 2009. For additional photos: Eastern Wood-Pewee

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris):

Occurrence: Transient, perhaps a migrant through the area. Dates: May and August Locations: LT, RC History: One individual was reported from Locher Tract on 14 September 2010. Murray notes three records; 18 to 26 May 1928, 18 May 1940, and 31 August 1935. Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens):

Occurrence: Migrant and summer resident/breeder Dates: Early arrival date is 3 May and a late departure date of 14 September. Locations: RC History: These flycatchers are often found along small streams in the forest. The recent records for Acadian Flycatchers indicate 15 May 2004 as the earliest arrival date. Murray considers

Acadian Flycatchers to be common summer residents arriving 3 May and departing 14 September. Nests have been reported in late May and early June. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and could be seen in the area.

Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus):

Occurrence: Transient and scarce summer breeder. Dates: May through September Locations: BRP AO History: Least Flycatchers have been found near the top of Apple Orchard Mountain, 30 May 2010, at Locher Tract on 21 September 2010, and along other edges in the mountains. The presence of the photographed bird in late May suggests the possibility of breeding in the area. Murray considers Least Flycatchers to be uncommon transients and scarce residents. He reports their occurrence in the area from 14 May to 22 September. Status: Unusual and not expected to be seen in the area. Photo: Apple Orchard Mtn, 30 May 2010. For additional photos: Least Flycatcher

Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe):

Occurrence: Year-round resident although scarce in the winter. Common breeder during the summer. Dates: Year-round, but migrants arrive by mid-March Location: RC History: Phoebes are common summer residents, and a few individuals over winter in the area. Phoebes have been reported during every month of the year. Typically, birds arrive by mid-March with sightings increasing during the first week of March. Phoebes are commonly seen on the CBC, occurring in 61of 84 years. A high CBC count of 15 birds was recorded in 1986. Murray notes eggs in nests as early as 30 March in 1945. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen during this time of year. Uncommon winter resident and could be seen during the winter. Photo: BRP 1, 12 April 2010. For additional photos: Eastern Phoebe

Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through September Location: RC History: Great Crested Flycatchers are a common summer resident in the area and are often heard singing from the tops of trees. They arrive in the area during the fourth week of April. The earliest, recent arrival date is 25 April 2000. Murray reports that Great Crested Flycatchers arrive 19 April and depart 25 September with young in nests on 15 June 1931. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Rockbridge County, 30 May 2010. For additional photos: Great-crested Flycatcher

Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/ breeder Dates: Mid-April through August and September Locations: MF, BRP 2, GP, NM, BS, RC Kingbirds are commonly seen along fences and pastures in the county. The earliest arrival date is 11 April (2001) along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Mile Post 62 and 17 April (2002) near Goshen Pass. The late occurrence date is 1 September 2010. Murray reports birds present from 20 April to 14 September with nesting 13 May and eggs on 9 July. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Rockbridge County 14 August 2011 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Eastern Kingbird

Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savanna):

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 12 November 2007 Location: Bethany Church Road near Turkey Hill History: A single individual was found in the Turkey Hill region of the county and was present for two days during November of 2007. The report was submitted to VARCOM Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Passeriformes: Laniidae Shrikes

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus):

Occurrence: Uncommon winter migrant/resident with evidence of summer residence Dates: Typically seen in the winter but no arrival or departure dates are available Locations: RB, SR, RC History: Loggerhead Shrikes have been reported in small numbers (less than 10 individuals) on the CBC with reports from 65 of 84 CBC. They were reported every year between 1942 and 1986 with nine individuals reported in 1954 and 1975. Recently, they have only been reported in three of the past 10 CBC’s. Clearly, there has been a change in their winter distribution since the mid-1980’s. Shrikes are most often seen along fence rows and on wires in the county. Loggerhead Shrikes have been reported during the summer in the area with a potential nesting pair in the north eastern part of the county in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. There is one report of a bird that was present for several weeks around the 18th of July in 2006. Murray reports shrikes as migrants through the area although he notes that he saw young being fed in early July but gives no location for this observation. Status: Uncommon winter migrant/resident and not expected in the area.

Passeriformes: Vireonidae Vireos (All photos: Shrikes, Vireos, Jays, Crows, and Ravens )

White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid-April through September Locations: BRP 1, RB, GP, LEX History: There are twelve recent records from Lexington, Goshen Pass, and along the Blue Ridge Parkway. The earliest arrival date is 17 April 2009, and the latest recent record is 4 August 2009. Murray reports that White-eyed Vireos are present from 19 April to 20 September. He notes that there are 30 sighting records and very few were seen prior to 1937. Status: uncommon summer resident and breeder and could be seen in the area Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 27, 19 May 2009. For additional photos: White-eyed Vireo

Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through September Locations: BRP 1, GP, CT, LT History: There are a number recent records with the majority of the sightings along the Blue Ridge Parkway north of mile post 45, along the Chessie Trail, at Locher Tract, and there are a few sightings at Goshen Pass. The earliest arrival date is 20 April 2009 along the Parkway and a late sighting of 22 September 2010 near Irish Gap on the Parkway has been reported. Murray considers these to be fairly common summer residents present from 19 April to 12 October. He reports breeding activity in late May. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at Yankee Horse Ridge, 1 May 2010. For additional photos: Yellow-throated Vireo

Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late March though October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, LT, RC History: Blue-headed Vireos are a common inhabitant of the forests in the area. Blue-headed Vireos arrive in late March with an early arrival date of 24 March 2004 near Mile Post 44 on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Blue-headed Vireos are frequently seen beginning in early to mid April and are found throughout the forests of the county. Blue-headed Vireos have been reported as late as 24 October in 2004 and in 2009. Murray notes that Blue-headed Vireos (Solitary Vireos) are fairly common with 4 April as an arrival date. He reports a nest near the top of Apple Orchard Mountain on 6 June 1949. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at Yankee Horse Ridge, 26 Apr 2009. For additional photos: Blue-headed Vireo

Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through September Locations: BRP JR, MR, LT, SR, BS History: There are eighteen recent records from the Blue Ridge Parkway, at the James River, along the Maury River in several locations, Locher Tract, near South River, McCormick’s Farm, and from Big Spring. The earliest arrival date is 20 April 2004 and the late departure date is 14 September 2010. Murray considers Warbling Vireos to be a locally common summer resident arriving 23 April and departing 4 October. Nests were reported on 18 May 1933 and 29 June 1931. Status: Locally common summer resident and breeder and could be seen in the area. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 7 May 2011. For additional photos: Warbling Vireo

Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus):

Occurrence: Transient many during the fall Dates: County records are from September Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, RB, GP History: Alex Merritt reported Philadelphia Vireo’s along the Blue Ridge Parkway on 12 and 14 September 2010 and in Goshen Pass (Hunter’s Access Road) on 1 October 2009. George Tolley reported a Philadelphia Vireo near RT 39 on 31 August 2010. Murray reports two records on 8 September 1952 and 4 September 1956. Status: Uncommon migrant and not expected in the area.

Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid-April through mid-October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP, NM, RC History: Red-eyed Vireos are very common in the forests of the county especially along the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Goshen Pass and North Mountain areas. The early arrival date is 12 April 2008 near Arcadia (Botetourt Co.). Birds are commonly seen beginning in the third week of April. The latest sighting is 19 October 2006. Murray reports birds present from 21 April to 17 October with eggs present on 24 May. Status: Abundant summer resident and should be seen in the area. Photos: Blue Ridge Parkway at Yankee Horse Ridge, 25 April 2008 (upper photo) and 21 June 2008 (lower photo). For additional photos: Red-eyed Vireo

Passeriformes: Corvidae Jays, Crows, and Ravens

Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Blue Jays are permanent residents of the area and can be found throughout the county. They have been reported in 79 of 84 CBC with an average of 93 birds seen per year. Murray reports a peak of 131 birds on the CBC in 1954. The recent peak counts were 430 in 1979, 310 in 2005, and 403 in 2007. Status: Common year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 19 December 2009 (by Lucy Rowe). For additional photos: Blue Jay

American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Crows are a common species found throughout the county. During the fall and winter, it is common to see large flocks of crows. One flock seen near McCormick’s Farm in November of 2010 had 100+ individuals. Crows have been reported on 66 of 84 CBC and continuously since 1947. The peak count was 3800 in 1967 and a recent high count of 1859 birds in 1999. The average number of crows seen on the CBC is 481. Status: Common year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Sunrise Stables, 12 December 2009. For additional photos: American Crow

Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and perhaps a breeder in the area. Dates: Year-round Locations: RC History: Fish Crows can be found throughout the county, but they are more commonly heard and seen around Lexington, the Maury River, and some ponds. While Fish Crows are more common east of the Blue Ridge, they can be found in small numbers throughout the county. Fish Crows have been reported on 21 of 84 CBC and always in small numbers, although 13 individuals were reported in 2009. Murray considers Fish Crows to be residents but uncommon. Status: Uncommon year-round resident and could be heard in the area.

Common Raven (Corvus corax):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year round Locations: BRP 1, NM, GP, RC History: Ravens are a permanent resident of the area and are often heard and seen at higher elevations although several reports of Ravens flying over Lexington have been noted. Ravens are commonly seen and heard along the Blue Ridge Parkway near mile posts 44-45, in the Goshen Pass area, and North Mountain. They have been reported in 59 of 84 CBC. Murray gives information on several nests that were used yearly in the county. Status: Common year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at Sunset Fields, 22 May 2008 (upper photo), Blue Ridge Parkway, 9 February 2007 (lower photo). For additional photos: Common Raven

Passeriformes: Alaudidae Larks (All photos: Larks, Martins, and Swallows )

Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder with some winter migrants. Dates: Year-round Locations: RC History: There are thirteen records of Horned Larks in the area. There is, most likely, a resident breeding population with some migrants coming to the area during the winter. During the winter of 2009-10 that had a significant snow fall and snow remained on the ground for several weeks, a flock of 40-50 birds was seen outside of Fairfield. During the 2010 CBC, 35 individuals were located in pastures near Sunrise Stables. Horned Larks have been reported on 48 of 84 CBC, and their numbers are sporadic suggesting periodic influxes. Murray reports nests from 12 March (1935) to 14 May (1934). Status: Uncommon resident and could be seen in the area especially during the winter. Photo: Sunrise Stables, 26 December 2009. For additional photos: Horned Lark

Passeriformes: Hirundinidae Martins and Swallows

Purple Martin (Progne subis):

Occurrence: Summer breeder and transient in the area. Dates: May and August Locations: WL, northern RC History: There have been a number of recent sightings of Purple Martins in the area. There is a small colony north of Fairfield, VA, at a home with martin houses. Most of the recent records are from Willow Lake. On 9 June 2009 a flock of about 20 birds was seen on the lake, on 4 August 2009 two individuals were found, and during August 2011 individuals were regularly seen at the lake. Both of these sightings probably represent post-nesting dispersal and early migration. Alex Merritt reports finding six Purple Martins along South River near Cornwall on 16 May 2009, one individual near Fairfield on 12 May 2010, and one individual near Rockbridge Baths on 22 August 2009. Murray reports Purple Martins as rare. He notes that three breeding colonies were present in the county up until 1935 and that after 1940 only three sightings were reported. Status: Locally common breeder and transient. Photo: Willow Lake, 9 June 2009. For additional photos: Purple Martin

Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early March through late October Location: RC History: Tree Swallows are, now, a common summer resident. Tree Swallows arrive in early March (the earliest arrival date of 1 March 2007 at the Blue Ridge Parkway and the James River and 23 March 2004 at Balcony Falls). Breeding pairs are seen commonly throughout the county especially at Bluebird boxes. A flock of tree swallows were seen on 23 October 2004 at Willow Lake. The late record is from Willow Lake on 29 October 2011. Murray considers Tree Swallows as transients with 24 March to 15 May migration dates and 5 August to 19 October fall migration dates. Clearly, their status has changed since Murray’s book was published. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 15 June 2009. For additional photos: Tree Swallow

Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid-April through September Locations: BRP at JR, GP, SR, MR, BS History: Rough-winged Swallows are locally common in the area. There has been a colony under the Guy’s Run bridge on Rt. 39 west of Goshen Pass, a group on South River near its confluence with the Maury, in Glasgow along the Maury near its confluence with the James River, and on Willow Lake. The earliest arrival date in the county is 20 March 2009 at Big Spring. Murray considers Rough-winged Swallows to be common summer residents arriving 24 March (1952) and departing 9 September. Nests were located in 1931, 1941, and 1953. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 13 June 2011 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: April through September Locations: History: An uncommon summer resident that is locally abundant. Bank Swallows arrive in early to mid April with the earliest arrival date 9 April 2000 along the Chessie Trail near Lexington. In the 1990’s there were several pairs (colony) at VMI near the football stadium. The colony no longer exists. Murray reports only two spring records, 29 April 1948 at Cameron’s Pond and 20 May 1952 at Womeldorf Pond. He notes five fall records 14-15 September 1935, 28 August and 2 September 1936 and 9 September 1940. Status: Uncommon summer resident that could be seen in the area.

Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late March through October Locations: WL, BRP at JR History: There is a large colony of Cliff Swallows under the Blue Ridge Parkway Bridge over the James River. A colony has been recently established on the bridge over the Maury River outside of Glasgow. There were approximately 25 nests during the summer of 2011. In addition, a colony has been present at the bridge over Hays Creek along Hays Creek Rd. north of Rockbridge Baths, VA for about 10 years. A large flock was seen at Willow Lake on 5 September 2009. Cliff Swallows have been reported along the Maury River near Turkey Hill on 19 April 2009 and near Rockbridge Baths on 5 May 2010. The earliest arrival for Cliff Swallows is 29 March 2003 with early to mid April as a more common arrival time. The latest occurrence is 10 October 2010 (two individuals seen at Willow Lake). Murray considers Cliff Swallows to be localized summer residents and uncommon. He notes residence between 20 April and 21 September. Murray notes records of several breeding colonies in the area and several previous colony sites. None of these breeding sites have been confirmed as being active. Status: Locally common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at the James River, 30 May 2010. For additional photos: Cliff Swallow

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early April through September Locations: RC History: Barn Swallows are common throughout the county and are seen frequently beginning in the second week of April. Large colonies have been found at a barn on Route 39 near Rockbridge Baths and at the Interstate 64 bridge on North Mountain. Barn Swallows are found frequently in smaller breeding groups throughout the county especially at farms, along creeks, and near ponds. The earliest recent arrival date for Barn Swallows is 30 March 2010 at Big Spring. Murray reports an early arrival date of 14 March 1946 and nests with eggs by 27 April. Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Sunrise Stables, 19 May 2010. For additional photos: Barn Swallow

Passeriformes: Paradae Chickadees and Titmice (All photos: Chickadees, Titmice, Nuthatches, Creepers, Wrens, Gnatcatchers, and Kinglets )

Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Carolina Chickadees can be found at all elevations in the county and are widespread. They have been reported in 75 of 84 CBC with an average of 57 individuals seen each count. The highest, recent count was 118 individuals reported in 2002. Murray reports nests with eggs present from 24 April through 29 May. Status: Common, year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 27 February 2009. For additional photos: Carolina Chickadee

Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder at higher elevations and in the western portion of the county. Dates: Year-round Locations: There are a number of recent records of Black- capped Chickadees. Most of the records are from the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Goshen Pass area, but in 2010 there was either an expansion of their range or a large winter migration. Typically, Black-caps are more common on the western edge of the county. Portions of Rockbridge County represent a hybrid zone between Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees. During 2010, Black-capped Chickadees were seen in large numbers throughout the area. The 2010 CBC recorded the second highest count, 62, for this species. Black- capped Chickadees have been reported on 60 of 84 CBC with an average of 12 individuals seen each count. Murray considered Black-capped Chickadees to be winter visitors to the area. Status: Locally common (western portions of the county) year-round resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Goshen Pass, 23 January 2009. For additional photos: Black-capped Chickadee

Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: A common, year-round resident of the area. The Tufted Titmouse has been reported on 82of 84 CBC with an average of 53 individuals seen each count. The highest, recent count was 176 individuals reported in 2006. Murray reports nests in early May. Status: Common, year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 19 March 2008. For additional photos: Tufted Titmouse

Passeriformes: Sittidae Nuthatches

Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis):

Occurrence: Transient and winter resident Dates: Early October through early April Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, LR, LEX, RC History: There are a number of recent records of Red- breasted Nuthatches. Red-breasted Nuthatches are most often seen in November and December which coincides with fall migration. They have been reported as early as 5 September 2009 along the Parkway and as late as 5 April 2006. They are found, commonly, along the Blue Ridge Parkway north of milepost 45 during late fall and winter. It is not uncommon to see them at lower elevations and visiting bird feeders. Red-breasted Nuthatches have been reported on 34 of 84 CBC with 23 individuals seen in 2001, but none were seen in 2008 or 2009. Their presence in the area is highly cyclical. Murray notes them as winter visitors present in the mountains from 12 September to 30 April. Status: Unusual winter resident and migrant and could be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near Whetstone Ridge, 3 January 2009. For additional photos: Red-breasted Nuthatch

White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: White-breasted Nuthatches are a common, year-round resident in the area. They can be found throughout the county in forested and residential areas. White-breasted Nuthatches have been reported on 81 of 84 CBC. They have been reported on the CBC every year since 1962. Murray reports nest as early as 3 May in 1928. Status: Common, year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 44, 3 January 2009. For additional photos: White-breasted Nuthatch

Passeriformes: Certhiidae Creepers

Brown Creeper (Certhis americana):

Occurrence: Transient and winter resident Dates: Mid-November through early April Locations: CT, BS, LEX, LR, GP, RC History: Brown Creepers are common winter residents of the area. The earliest arrival date is 7 October 2010 and the birds are commonly seen beginning in the third week of November. They remain in the area as late as 10 April (2011). Brown Creepers have been reported on 60 of 84 CBC. Murray reports that Creepers are present in the area between 2 October and 26 April. Status: Unusual winter resident and migrant and could be seen in the area. Photo: Chessie Trail near South River, 24 December 2010. For additional photos: Brown Creeper

Passeriformes: Troglodytidae Wrens

Carolina Wren (Thyothorus ludovicianus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Carolina Wrens are a common, permanent resident in the area. They can be found throughout the county and at all elevations. Carolina Wrens are commonly seen on CBC being reported in 82 of 87 counts with an average of 31 individuals seen each year. Murray reports eggs by 29 March. He notes that the “wren is not often seen above 2000 feet…”, although I have numerous records (11) of individuals above 2000 feet in elevation. Status: Common, year-round resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Goshen Pass, 1 June 2008. For additional photos: Carolina Wren

Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii):

Occurrence: Expatriated from the area, but formerly summer resident/breeder Dates: Location: Formerly LEX, GP History: Bewick’s Wrens were common in the Appalachian region through the mid-1950s. By 1980, only a few restricted breeding populations were found along the Appalachian Mountain chain. Presently, Bewick’s Wrens are no longer found in the area. Murray reports that Bewick’s Wren is a fairly common summer resident with nests found in an area west of Lexington. Bob Paxton has commented that they were once fairly common but they are no longer present. Status: No longer present.

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early April through September Location: RC History: House Wrens are a common, summer resident in the area. House Wrens are commonly seen beginning by the third week of April (earliest arrival 8 April 2002) and can be found throughout the county and at all elevation. House Wrens have been reported six times on the CBC with the last record in 1994. Murray reports an arrival date of 4 April and a departure date of 18 October.

He notes that eggs have been found as early as 2 May and I have a record of young in the nest as late as 26 July 2007. Murray also notes two winter records, 23 December 1952 and 28 December 1952 to 3 January 1953. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 27, 26 May 2008. For additional photos: House Wren

Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes):

Occurrence: Winter resident and transient Dates: Mid-October through May Location: CT, LEX, SR, RC, LT History: There are a number of recent records of Winter Wrens in the area. The earliest record is 18 October 2003 in Lexington and the latest occurrence is 31 May 1996 at the top of Apple Orchard Mountain. Typically, Winter Wrens arrive in the first week of December and remain in the area through mid-March. They are commonly seen and heard along the Maury River/Chessie Trail. Winter Wrens have been reported in 69 of 84 CBC with an average of 2-3 individuals seen each year. Murray reports a range of occurrence from 21 September to 4 May. Status: Uncommon winter resident and migrant and could be seen in the area. Photo: Locher Tract, 3 January 2012 For additional photos: Winter Wren

Sedge Wren (Short-billed Marsh Wren) (Cistothorus platensis):

Occurrence: Accidental or transient Dates: May and October Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond) History: Murray reports two records of Sedge Wrens at Cameron’s Pond from 2 May to 27 May 1935 and on 14 October 1935. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and not expected to be seen in the area.

Marsh Wren (Long-billed Marsh Wren) (Cistothorus palustris):

Occurrence: Transient primarily during fall migration Dates: Late August through November Location: RC History: Murray reports this bird as being a transient in the fall and uncommon. He notes occurrence dates of 25 August to 26 November. He provides no locality data or years for the sightings. There have been no recent sightings. Status: Accidental and should not be expected in the area.

Passeriformes: Polioptilidae Gnatcatchers

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early April through mid August-September Locations: BRP 2, GP, JR, SR History: Blue-gray Gnatchatchers are one of the early spring arrivals. They are commonly seen beginning in the first week of April and are reported through mid-August and into September. The earliest recent arrival date is 3 April 2003 and the latest recent record is 9 October 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. Murray reports arrival date of 1 April and a departure date of 19 September. Nesting occurs in early May. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: South River, 20 May 2010. For additional photos: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Passeriformes: Regulidae Kinglets

Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant Dates: Mid-October through early April Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, CT, GP, LM, LR, LEX, RC History: Golden-crowned Kinglets are a common, winter resident in the area. They are often found in mixed feeding flocks with chickadees, titmice, and juncos. The earliest arrival date 13 October 2008 and the latest departure date is 15 April 2009. Golden-crowned Kinglets have been reported in 77 of 84 CBC with a yearly average of 35 individuals peak number of 266 reported in 1990. Murray reports occurrence dates of 4 October to 2 May for the area. Status: Common winter resident Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 58, 16 February 2010. For additional photos: Golden-crowned Kinglet

Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula):

Occurrence: Common winter resident and transient Dates: October through late April Location: BRP 1, BRP 2, LEX, MF, GP, CT, LR, LM, RC History: Ruby-crowned Kinglets are a common, winter resident in the area and are seen and heard more often in the spring, but they are not present in the area in large numbers. The earliest arrival date is 29 September 2010 along the Parkway near Irish Gap and the latest departure date is 30 April 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. They can be seen from mid-October through late April. Ruby- crowned Kinglets have been reported in 50 of 84 CBC with an average of 4 to 5 individuals seen each year. Murray considers Ruby-crowned Kinglets to be transients rather than residents of the area. He notes a fall occurrence between 19 September and 29 November and a spring occurrence between 3 March and 8 May. My records indicate that kinglets are in the area from October through April, but there is a peak in sightings from late March through mid-April. Status: Uncommon though regular winter resident and migrant through the area and should be seen in the area. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 6 November 2010. For additional photos: Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Passeriformes: Turdidae Bluebirds, Thrushes, and Robins (All photos: Thrushes, Robins, Catbirds, Mockingbirds, Thrashers, Starlings, Pipits, Waxwings, and Snow Buntings )

Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year round Location: RC History: Bluebirds are a permanent resident of the area and have increased in number over the past 25 years primarily due to conservation efforts. Bluebirds have been reported in 73 of 84 CBC with a noticeable increase in reporting beginning in 1978. A high CBC count of 219 was reported in 2002. Murray notes a decline in bluebirds in the 1950s. He reports nests as early as 25 March in the area. Status: Common, year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 26 December 2008. For additional photos: Eastern Bluebird

Veery (Catharus fuscescens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Early May through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP AO History: Veerys are a common, summer resident of the higher elevations in the area. They are unusual below 3000 ft. They are heard and seen regularly along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Yankee Horse Ridge pull off (MP 35) and along the gravel road leading to the top of Apple Orchard Mountain. The earliest arrival date is 4 May 2002 on Apple Orchard Mountain, and they are regularly seen by the third week in May. The latest departure date is 13 September 2010 at the Yankee Horse Ridge pulloff on the Parkway. Murray reports that Veerys are found in two areas of the county, Thunder Ridge (Apple Orchard Mountain area) and Rocky Mountain along the Blue Ridge. He reports nests in mid to late June. Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder.

Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: May and September Location: GP, LT, RC History: Alex Merritt reports finding two Gray-cheeked Thrushes in Goshen Pass (Hunter Access Road) on 1 October 2009 and another individual at Locher Tract on 21 September 2010. Murray considered them to be a transient and rare in the area. He notes occurrences between 13 and 25 May and 18 and 25 September. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not expected.

Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus):

Occurrence: Transient during migration and rare winter resident Dates: September through May Locations: CT, GP, MF, BRP 1, BRP AO History: Swainson’s Thrush are migrants through the area with a few individuals remaining in the area throughout the winter. A single individual was found at McCormick’s Farm on 10 September 2011 by Dick Rowe. During the fall of 2010, a large group of 25-30 birds was found near Yankee Horse Ridge pull off (mp 35) along the Blue Ridge Parkway. I have six records; 12 February 2001 along the Chessie Trail, 13 February 2000 in Goshen Pass, 4 March 2002 in Lexington, 7 April 2000 along the Blue Ridge Parkway, 4 May 2002 and 23 May 1996 on Apple Orchard Mountain. Swainson’s Thrush has been reported once on the CBC. Murray notes that they are fairly common in the spring with migration between 29 April and 26 May. Status: Uncommon migrant and possible winter resident in the area and not expected. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 10 September 2011 Additional photos: Swainson’s Thrush

Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant Dates: October through May Locations: GP, BRP 1, BRP 2, CT, LEX, LR, RC History: Hermit Thrushes are often seen during the winter in the area and during migration. In the fall, migrants pass through the area beginning in early October. There are 13 records from December, January and February. There are a few records during the late spring and summer (17 May 2000 and 19 May 2000 along the Blue Ridge Parkway and 28 June 2005 at Goshen Pass). They have been reported in 58 of 84 CBC with high counts 36 individuals seen in 2009 and 39 individuals seen in 2000. Murray reports Hermit Thrushes as transients that are present between 12 October and 27 April.

Status: Common winter resident and migrant through the area and should be seen during the winter. Photo: Goshen Pass, 23 January 2009. For additional photos: Hermit Thrush

Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through mid-October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, NM History: Wood Thrushes are heard and seen in the deeper woods of the area especially along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Wood Thrushes arrive in the area in third week of April (earliest record 20 April 2009) and are regularly seen by the fourth week of April. Wood Thrushes have been reported as late as 10 October (2006). Murray reports a 19 April arrival date and a departure date of 9 October in 1953. He notes nests with eggs were found on 15 May. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area.

American Robin (Turdus migratorius):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round with migrants entering the area during the winter. Location: RC History: Robins can be found in all areas of the county throughout the year. It is likely that some individuals are permanent residents and that others migrate to the area to overwinter or breed. During the winter of 2003-04 a large flock of about 1000 birds could be found along the Chessie Trail. Large numbers of overwintering birds were reported for the CBC in 2000 (3,775 individuals), 2003 (8,782 individuals), and 2008 (2,233 individuals). On the 1976 CBC, 27,422 individuals were counted with most of these recorded by George Tolley in the Brushy Hill area. Robins have been noted in 65 of 84 CBC with an average 738 birds per year. Murray reports nests with eggs as early as 4 April. Status: Abundant, year-round resident and breeder and should be seen in the area 27422 Photo: Lexington, 12 January 2010. For additional photos: American Robin

Passeriformes: Mimidae Catbirds, Mockingbirds, and Thrashers

Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder with a few individuals overwintering in the area Dates: Early April through early October Location: RC History: Catbirds are common summer residents in the area and can be found throughout the county and at all elevations. An early arrival date of 6 April (1996) has been recorded and they are commonly seen by the fourth week in April. Catbirds are commonly seen through September and into October (late date of 6 October 2010). I have a record of a Catbird at Kendal on 12 January 2010. Catbirds were recorded four times on the CBC in 2008, 2005 and twice the 1970s. Murray reports an early arrival date of 17 April 1948 and a departure date of 15 October. He notes one winter record on 26 December 1942. Nests with eggs were found on 13 May. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington, 12 January 2010. For additional photos: Gray Catbird

Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Mockingbirds are a common throughout the county and can be found in open habitats including yards, fence rows, and edges of fields and pastures. While they are present, they are not common higher in the mountains where forest predominates. They have been recorded in 81 of 84 CBCs with an average of 41 birds seen per year. In 1956, 209 individuals were counted. The high count in the past 20 years was 88 individuals in 2004. Murray notes nests with eggs as early as 20 April. Status: Common, year-round resident and breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington, 2 June 2010. For additional photos: Northern Mockingbird

Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late March through September Locations: LEX, GP, LR, RC History: Brown Thrashers arrive in the area in late March or early April (earliest arrival date 28 March 2007) and are regularly seen by the second week of April. They are present throughout most of the lower elevations in the county and especially along fence rows and thickets. One individual was reported along the Chessie Trail near South River on 17 November 2009 Thrashers have been reported on 13 of 84 CBC. Murray notes a 20 March to 7 October (1950) occurrence range. Murray reports that nests with eggs have been found on 13 May. Status: Common summer resident and breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington, 15 May 2008. For additional photos: Brown Thrasher

Passeriformes: Sturnidae Starlings

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Starlings are a common, year-round resident in the area. Large flocks can be found in the fall and winter. Murray notes that the first recorded nest in the area was found in 1919 by C.O. Handley, Sr. (Starlings were introduced to the United States in New York City in 1890). Starlings have been noted in 83 of 84 CBC with an average of 1,484 individuals seen each year. The record high count was 10,079 individuals seen in 1993. Status: Abundant year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington, 4 August 2009. For additional photos: European Starling

Passeriformes: Motacillidae Pipits

American Pipit (Anthus rubescens):

Occurrence: Transient during migration and winter resident Dates: December through January or later Locations: LR area, CT, BS, RC History: American Pipits are not commonly seen in the area. They are birds of open fields that can be seen “running” across the ground. They are often seen with other birds such as White-crowned Sparrows and Song Sparrows. American Pipits have been reported on four CBC’s (2010, 2009, 1995, and 1958). Eighteen individuals were reported from four locations in 2010, nine individuals were reported from two locations on the 2009 and two individuals were seen in 1995. Four individuals were found in the Collierstown area on 18 December 2010. Status: Rare migrant or winter resident in the area and not expected. Photo: Collierstown area, 18 December 2010. For additional photos: American Pipit

Passeriformes: Bombycillidae Waxwings

Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Cedar Waxwings are a year-round resident of the area and are commonly seen in small flocks during the winter and spring. These birds have a large distribution within the county and they have been seen on top of Apple Orchard Mountain as well as at lower elevations such as Lexington. A recently fledged juvenile was photographed on 18 September 2010 suggesting either late nesting or a second nesting attempt that year. They have been reported on 50 of 84 CBC with an average of 54 individuals seen each year. Murray reports nests on 22 June 1931 and 12 June 1944 Status: Common year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Near Whetstone Ridge, 25 January 2009. For additional photos: Cedar Waxwing

Passeriformes: Calcariidae Buntings

Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis)

Occurrence: Transient during fall migration Dates: 11 November 2010 Location: WL History: A single individual was found at Willow Lake on 11 November 2010 by Dick and Lucy Rowe. It appears that this bird remained in the area for only one day. A previous record of Snow Buntings was reported by George Tolley in the Brownsburg area during the mid-1980’s. Laura Neale reported a Snow Bunting from Spy Rock in Nelson County on 7 November 2005. Status: Rare migrant and not expected. Photo: Willow Lake, 11 November 2010 by Lucy Rowe. For additional photos: Snow Bunting

Passeriformes: Parulidae Warblers (All photos: Warblers )

Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus):

Occurrence: Transient during migration and could breed in the area. Dates: April through May and September Locations: GP, BRP at JR History: There nine recent records of Blue-winged Warblers in the area. Three are from the Goshen Pass area (near the swinging bridge on 29 May 2006 and 30 April 2011 and from the Wind River housing development on RT 39 on 29 May 2006. The other sighting was on 29 April 2000 along the Blue Ridge Parkway at the James River. In addition a singing male was reported by Alex Merritt from 26 April to 10 June 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. Murray reports three sightings: 3 May 1948 west of Lexington and 7 September 1949. Status: Rare migrant and perhaps breeder and not expected. Photo: Goshen Pass 30 April 2011 For additional photos: Blue-winged Warbler

Brewster’s Warbler (Blue-winged Warbler x Golden-winged Warbler hybrid)

Occurrence: Migrant or perhaps a breeder in the area Dates: April and early May Locations: GP History: A single male was found along the Goshen Pass Hunter’s Access road on 30 April 2011. The male was singing along the road near a recently, clear-cut area. Status: Unusual migrant or breeder and not expected Photo: Goshen Pass, 30 April 2011 For additional photos: Brewster’s Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: May through August Locations: History: The recent records for Golden-winged Warblers are from Goshen Pass west of the swinging bridge along RT 39 and from the Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 27 (this is just outside of the county). Golden-winged Warblers have fairly specific habitat requirements (low, scrubby trees often found in disturbed areas), and as a result their distribution changes with

maturing habitats. The area along RT 39 has had Golden-winged Warblers for the past several years. The Blue Ridge Parkway site had Golden-winged Warblers from 2004-2006, but none have been found at that site for the past few years. Murray notes three records; 30 July 1940 near House Mountain, 18 August 1952 west of Lexington, and 23 August in Goshen Pass. Status: Unusual in the area but can be locally common. This is a species that could be seen in the proper habitats.

Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: May and August through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, LT, RC History: Tennessee Warblers pass through the area during September and into early October. The recent records are primarily from the Parkway between Whetstone Ridge and Route 60. A few reports are from Locher Tract. Alex Merritt has 17 sightings of Tennessee Warblers along the Parkway ranging from 4 September 2010 to 29 September 20009 and 2010. There are six recent records for Tennessee Warblers. Murray reported six records during May, but noted that they were abundant during fall migration (records from 28 August through 17 October). Status: Unusual and occurs as a transient and appears to be more common during fall migration. This species could be seen during migration but not at other times of the year.

Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: Early May Locations: RC History: Paul Cabe located an Orange-crowned Warbler in northern Rockbridge County on 5 May 2011. This is the first record of this species in the county. Status: Unusual and occurs as a transient during migration. It is not expected to be seen in the area.

Nashville Warbler (Oreothlypis ruficapilla):

Occurrence: Transient during migration Dates: April to early May and September Locations: BRP 1. BRP 2, BB, LT, MF History: Nashville Warblers migrate through the area in May and September. Recent reports indicate that birds move along the Blue Ridge Parkway in September between 11 September 2010 and 29 September 2009 (along the Parkway and Locher Tract). A few individuals are reported in other portions of the county; near Brownsburg in early 1 September 2010, near Rockbridge Baths on 5 May 2010, and at McCormick’s Farm on 16 October 2011. Murray notes six records; 30 April 1947, 1 May 1950, 2 May 1949, 3 September, 9 September 1929, and 4 October but gives no location data.

Status: Unusual and occurs as a transient during migration. This species could be seen during migration but not at other times of the year. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 16 October 2011 Additional photos: Nashville Warbler

Northern Parula (Parula americana):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and transient during migration Dates: Mid-April through September Locations: GP, BRP 2, BRP 1, BRP at JR History: Northern Parula Warblers can be seen from mid-April (earliest arrival 7 April 2010 along the Blue Ridge Parkway near the James River) through September. Parulas are commonly seen along the rivers of the county (around Goshen Pass and South River), along the Parkway from the James River past RT 60, and at Cave Mountain Lake. Murray considers them to be summer residents and notes an arrival date of 8 April 1946 and a departure date of 5 October. He reports nests on 22 May 1938 and young present on 16 July 1943. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area.

Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid-April through September Locations: WL, BS, BRP at JR History: Yellow Warblers are summer residents in the area. They have been reported at Willow Lake, Big Springs, along the James River near the Blue Ridge Parkway, and in Arcadia. Murray notes a 13 April early arrival date and that a nest with eggs was located on 19 May. He also notes sightings on 8 September 1952 and 3 October 1953. Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 30 April 2011 For additional photos: Yellow Warbler

Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP AO History: Chestnut-sided Warblers are a common summer resident in the higher elevations (around 3000 feet and above). The earliest arrival date is 26 April 2009 along the Blue Ridge Parkway and birds have been reported in mid to late September during migration. Murray reports a 24 April 1948 early arrival date. He reports nesting on 18 May 1953. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen at higher elevations in the area Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 26 May 2008. For additional photos: Chestnut-sided Warbler

Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: Late April through mid-May and September through mid-October Locations: WL, LEX, BRP 1, LT, RB History: There are a number of spring and fall sightings in the area. Magnolia Warblers have been reported on 8 May 2004 and 13 May 2003 in Lexington and on 11 and 13 May 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. They are more common in the fall and a number of individuals were seen along the Blue Ridge Parkway between 2 and 22 September 2010. In addition, individuals were seen during September near Rockbridge Baths and at Locher Tract. Murray notes that Magnolia Warblers are common migrants in the spring between 27 April and 25 May and in the fall between 2 September and 20 October. He lists three sightings 4 June 1945, 10 November 1936, and 27 December 1947. Status: Unusual spring and more common as a fall migrant and could be seen in the area Photo: Willow Lake, 18 September 2010. For additional photos: Magnolia Warbler

Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina):

Occurrence: Transient more common during fall migration than spring Dates: Late April through mid-May and September through October Locations: BRP 1, LT, GP, RB History: There have been a number of recent sightings of Cape May Warblers in the area. The majority of the sightings were in September along the Blue Ridge Parkway between Whetstone Ridge and RT 60. Other individuals have been found along the James River at the Locher Tract area, Goshen Pass, along South River, and off of RT 39 near Rockbridge Baths. Murray reports them as common migrants in the spring passing through between 29 April and 18 May and in the fall between 26 August and 1 November. He notes that he has seen as many as 30 in one day at his home in Lexington. Status: Common during migration and could be seen in the area but rare at other times of the year.

Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Late April to mid-October Locations: BRP 1, BRP AO, RB, GP History: Black-throated Blue Warblers are a common summer resident above 2000 feet. The early arrival date is 26 April 2009 near Rockbridge Baths and the late departure date is 14 October 2009 in Goshen Pass (Hunter’s Access Road). Individuals were seen on 18 September 2010 along the BRP. Murray notes that migrant pass through the area between 29 April and 17 May in the spring and 11 September and 20 October in the fall. He notes nests with eggs on 16 June on Elliott’s Knob in Augusta County. Status: Common species and should be seen in the area. Photo: Yankee Horse Ridge, 18 September 2008. For additional photos: Black-throated Blue Warbler

Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant Dates: Late October to early May Locations: CT, LEX, WL, BRP 1, GP, LR, RC History: Yellow-rumps are a very common winter resident in the area. They can be found throughout most of the areas of the county. The recent earliest arrival date is 20 September 2010 along South River and latest departure date is 12 May 2010 along the James River near Natural Bridge Station. Yellow- rumped Warblers have been reported on 68 of 84 CBC’s with an average of 72 individuals seen per year. On the CBC, the recent high count of 557 birds was recorded in 1999. Murray reports individuals present from 23 September to 15 May. Status: Common winter resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Upper photo near Whetstone Ridge, 3 January 2009; lower photo at Barger’s Quarry in Lexington, 22 November 2008. For additional photos: Yellow-rumped Warbler

Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area. Dates: Early April through mid-October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2 History: Black-throated Green Warblers are a summer resident in the area nesting in the mountains. The earliest arrival date is 5 April 2000 with sightings by 15 April during most years. The latest recent departure date is 14 October 2009 in Goshen Pass. Murray notes a 14 April arrival date with transients leaving by 15 May. He notes that fall migration occurs between 13 August and 16 October. Murray reports nesting on 16 June 1930 and young present on 29 May 1933. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 25 April 2008. For additional photos: Black-throated Green Warbler

Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Mid April through September Locations: BRP 1 History: Blackburnians are commonly found along the Blue Ridge Parkway at higher elevations. Recently, individuals/pairs have been found consistently around the Yankee Horse Ridge pulloff (mile post 35). Individuals were singing on 24 April 2010 at Yankee Horse Ridge pulloff. Individuals have been reported elsewhere in the county especially during fall migration. Murray notes that spring migration occurs between 24 April and 22 May and that fall migration occurs between 27 August and 8 October. He reports nesting in Goshen Pass on 16 June 1933 and 12 June 1931 and 16 June 1930 on Thunder Hill (Apple Orchard Mountain). Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder that should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at Yankee Horse Ridge; upper photo, male, 25 April 2009; lower photo, female, 1 May 2010. For additional photos: Blackburnian Warbler

Yellow-throated Warbler (Dendroica dominica):

Occurrence: Primarily a migrant with evidence of summer residents Dates: Late March through mid May Locations: BRP at JR, JR, GP, SR History: There are numerous recent sighting primarily along the James River between the Blue Ridge Parkway and Glasgow. The sightings during migration range from 28 March in 2007 to 19 May 2000. In addition there are recent sightings from along Kerrs Creek

and in Goshen Pass. A late individual was seen along South River on 20 September 2010. Status: Locally common migrant and could be seen in the area Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at the James River, 19 April 2008. For additional photos: Yellow-throated Warbler

Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant Dates: Early March through mid October with a few individuals found throughout the winter Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2 History: Pine Warblers are the earliest warbler to arrive in the area and can be found consistently along the Blue Ridge Parkway. The earliest arrival date is 4 March 2002 and the late departure date is 13 October 2008. During the winter of 2000-01 an individual showed up at our feeder in Lexington during a snow storm on 17 February 2001. Pine Warblers have been reported twice on the CBC in 1961 and 1960. Murray reports numerous sightings of singing males and notes nesting on 13 May 1938 on Rocky Row and 24 May 1938 near Rockbridge Baths. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 4 April 2009. For additional photos: Pine Warbler

Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant Dates: Late April through mid November Locations: GP, MF History: Prairie Warblers are common inhabitants of scrub (logged areas) and over-grown pastures in the county. For the past few years, they have been found along the hunter access road in Goshen Pass in clear-cut areas. The earliest recent arrival date is 18 April 2008 and the late departure date is 12 November 2006 at McCormick’s Farm. Murray considers Prairie Warblers to be a common resident present in the area from 17 April to 12 September. He reports a nest on 10 May 1937. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Goshen Pass, Hunter Access Road, 23 May 2009. For additional photos: Prairie Warbler

Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: Mid April through early May and September to early November Locations: BRP AO, BRP 2, WL History: Palm Warblers have been reported along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Sunset Fields, near Rockbridge Baths, along the Appalachian Trail near Bluff Mountain, and along the AT north of the James River. The earliest recent record is 7 April 2010 and late record is 14 November 2009. A Palm Warbler was reported on the CBC in 1958. Murray notes that Palm Warblers are an uncommon transient moving through the area between 25 April and 8 May in the spring and 9 September to 2 November in the fall. He reports 13 records and no nesting activity. Status: Uncommon migrant and could be seen during migration. Photo: Willow Lake, 28 April 2011, by Lucy Rowe For additional photos: Palm Warbler

Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during spring and fall migration Dates: May and September through mid October Locations: BRP 1, GP, LT, RB History: Recently, Bay-breasted Warblers have been reported along the Blue Ridge Parkway, 11 and 12 September 2010; Goshen Pass, 10 May 2010 and 1 October 2009; along the James River near Arnold’s Valley, 29 September 2009; and near Rockbridge Baths, 9 October 2009. Murray reports that Bay-breasted Warblers are migrants through the area between 5 May and 24 May and 28 August to 15 October, but he does not list any specific sighting records. Status: Uncommon migrant through the area and could be seen.

Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during spring and fall migration Dates: Mid to late May and September Locations: LEX, BRP 1 History: Blackpoll Warblers are a common migrant through the area in the spring. The majority of spring sightings occur between 12 May 2003 and 29 May 1996. During fall migration, Blackpolls do not come through the area in large numbers. Fall sightings are in September along the Blue Ridge Parkway (5 September to 22 September), at Locher Tract, near Rockbridge Baths, and Goshen Pass. Murray notes a spring migration between 4 May and 2 June and a fall migration between 6 September and 25 October. Status: Common migrant in the spring and less common in the fall and should be seen during its spring migration in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 28, 14 May 2010. For additional photos: Blackpoll Warbler

Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Early May through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP AO History: Cerulean Warblers are commonly found in the forests along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Many of the recent records are from the area between RT 60 and RT 56. The earliest recent record is 29 April 2010 at Yankee Horse Ridge on the Parkway. Bob Paxton notes that Cerulean Warblers were formerly found at lower elevations in the county especially along the Maury River. Murray considers Cerulean Warblers to be a summer resident arriving on 18 April and departing on 28 August. Murray notes that Ceruleans are found below 1500 feet and remarks on an unusual sighting at 3400 feet on Apple Orchard Mountain. All of my records (29) between May of 2000 and the present are from elevation above 1500 feet and I have commonly found them near the top of Apple Orchard Mountain. Recently, Ceruleans have become a targeted species due to declines in breeding populations. One possible explanation for the difference in sighting areas between Murray’s work and recent records is habitat loss at lower elevation. Murray reports that nesting occurred west of Lexington in May of 1948. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the proper habitats. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 28, 30 May 2010. For additional photos: Cerulean Warbler

Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area. Dates: Early April through October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP, LEX, RC History: Black-and-white Warblers are a common, summer resident in the area. The earliest recent arrival date is 7 April 2000, and birds are commonly seen and heard by 15 April. The latest departure date is 1 Oct 2006. During breeding season, Black-and-whites are commonly found along the Blue Ridge Parkway and the mountains of Goshen Pass. Post breeding season, Black-and- white Warblers can be found throughout the county. Murray reports a 5 April arrival date and a 21 October departure date. He reports nests with eggs on 30 May 1932. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 44, 19 April 2008. For additional photos: Black-and-white Warbler

American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Mid April through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2 History: Redstarts are an abundant, summer resident in the mountains. They can be found in the trees at most pulloffs along the Blue Ridge Parkway between RT 60 and RT 56. The earliest recent arrival record is 20 April 2008 and a late departure date of 26 September 2010. Murray reports a range of occurrence of 16 April to 7 October with nests found on 30 May 1932and 30 June 1930. Status: Abundant summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway; upper photo, male, 21 May 2009; lower photo, female, 12 July 2008. For additional photos: American Redstart

Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea):

Occurrence: Transient during migration and perhaps a summer resident Dates: Three records on 30 April 2005, 1 May 2006, and June 2010 Locations: SR, BRP at JR, Arcadia History: There is one record for Prothonotary Warblers in the county. A male was singing in a swampy area along South River near its confluence with the Maury during June of 2010. The other, two sightings were at Solitude Swamp near Arcadia (1 May 2006), which is outside of the county, and from the James River at the Blue Ridge Parkway. Status: Rare and unlikely to be seen in the county.

Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Mid April though August. Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, NM History: Worm-eating Warblers are a summer resident of the area and are often found along creek beds in dense vegetation. The earliest recent record is 17 April 2002 in Goshen Pass and the latest recent record is 24 September 2009 at Locher Tract. Murray reports an occurrence range of 24 April to 22 September. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 44, 25 April 2009. For additional photos: Worm-eating Warbler

Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area. Dates: Mid April through mid October Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP, BH, NM History: Ovenbirds are a common, summer resident of the forests in the area, especially at higher elevations. The earliest recent record is 13 April 2010 near Big Hill with a late departure date of 8 October 2006. Murray reports that Ovenbirds are abundant at all elevations with an arrival date of 20 April and a departure date of 15 October. He reports nests on 27 May 1931, 17 June 1935, and 20 June 1933. Status: Abundant summer resident/breeder and should be seen. Photo: Yankee Horse Ridge, 3 May 2008. For additional photos: Ovenbird

Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during spring and fall migration. Dates: Mid April through mid May and late August through October Locations: LT, MF History: Recently, Northern Waterthrushes was reported along the James River at Locher Tract on 14 September and 18 September 2010 and one at McCormick’s Farm on 11 October 2010. Murray reports that Northern Waterthrushes are uncommon transients through the area. He reports a spring migration between 16 April and 20 May and a fall migration between 24 August and 27 October. Status: Uncommon migrant through the area and not expected.

Louisiana Waterthrush (Seiurus motacilla):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: April through mid September Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, GP, JR History: These are common, summer residents in the area and are found along creeks and rivers. They are one of the early arriving warblers with an arrival date of 28 March 2009 and sightings are common by 15 April. An individual was seen on 18 March 2010 just outside of the county along the James River on the Appalachian Trail. Murray notes an early arrival date of 2 April 1848 and a departure date of 21 September. He reports nests on 26 May 1934, 17 June 1935, and 18 May 1944. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Appalachian Trail near James River, 6 April 2010. For additional photos: Louisiana Waterthrush

Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during migration with some evidence of breeding in the area Dates: May through September Locations: MF, RB, LR History: There are five recent reports of a Kentucky Warblers in the area. Kieran Kilday found an individual at McCormick’s Farm on 8 September 2010. Alex Merritt reports an individual near Rockbridge Baths on 13 May and 16 May 2009 and 4 May 2010 and at Lake Robertson on 6 May 2010. Bob Paxton reports finding individuals along the Maury River near the present-day Horse Center on 10 May 1998 and 11 May 1979. Murray notes that Kentucky Warblers are a rare summer resident. He reports three sightings; on Apple Orchard Mountain, in Goshen Pass and at Brushy Hill. These sightings occurred in May and June. Status: Rare transient and perhaps a breeder in the area and not expected.

Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during migration Dates: May and late August through early October Locations: SR, RC History: There is one, recent sighting of an individual on 6 October 2010 at the confluence of South River and the Maury River. Murray reports sightings in the fall: 29 August 1955, 31 August 1939, 11 September 1936, 27 September 1952, 6 October 1945, and one spring sighting on 17 May 1937. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not expected.

Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia):

Occurrence: Transient through the area during spring and fall migration Dates: May and late August through September Locations: RB, RC, MF History: There are two recent sightings of Mourning Warblers in the county. Dick Rowe located one at McCormick’s Farm on 25 August 2011, and Alex Merritt located one near Rockbridge Baths on 7 September 2009. Murray reports three sight records: 27 May 1940, 28 September 1939, and 29 September 1933. He also reports to specimens collected on 23 August 1954 and on 25 September 1933. Status: Rare migrant through the area and not expected. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 25 August 2011 For additional photos: Mourning Warbler

Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Late April through September Locations: BRP 1, MF, SR History: Common Yellowthroats are a common, summer resident in the area. The recent earliest sighting is 25 April 2004 along the Blue Ridge Parkway and the latest departure date is 9 October 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. Murray reports an occurrence range of 18 April to 21 October with nests on 7 June 1943 and 22 June 1943. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Goshen Pass, 30 April 2011 For additional photos: Common Yellowthroat

Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Mid April through mid Septembe Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP History: Hooded Warblers are a common, summer resident of the area and are often found in laurel and rhododendron thickets at all elevations. The earliest arrival date is 17 April 2002 in Goshen Pass, and a male in breeding plumage was seen on 22 September 2010 along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Murray reports an occurrence range of 22 April to 2 September and nests occurring on 20 June 1930, 22 June 1931, and 27 June 1938. Status: Common summer resident/ breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway, 15 May 2010. For additional photos: Hooded Warbler

Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: May and September and October Locations: LT, RC History: Recent sightings have been along the Blue Ridge Parkway and along the James River near Glasgow (8 September 2010). Maury reports 12 sightings; five in May, six in September, and two in October. Status: Uncommon migrant through the area and not expected.

Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: May through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP AO History: Canada Warblers are a summer resident of the higher elevations in the area that are often found along streams or in wet areas. The earliest record is 2 May 2001 on Apple Orchard Mountain with birds commonly seen or heard by mid May. The recent latest departure date is 28 September 2010. Murray reports an occurrence range of 6 May to 22 September. Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Yankee Horse Ridge, 4 May 2008. For additional photos: Canada Warbler

Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: May through August Locations: GP, RB, LEX History: Yellow-breasted Chats have been reported in the Goshen Pass area (10 May 2010, 14 May 2005, 15 May 2004, 9 August 2006), near Rockbridge Baths (30 April through 10 June 2009 and 27 April through 10 May 2010), in Lexington (May 2010), and in the Arcadia area (1 May 2006). Murray reports that Chats are an abundant, summer resident of the area. He reports nests with eggs between 16 May and 17 June. Status: Uncommon summer resident/breeder and could be seen in the area.

Passeriformes: Emberizidae Towhees, Sparrows, and Juncos (All photos: Towhees, Sparrows, and Juncos )

Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder with migrants through the area and a few over-wintering individuals Dates: April through October, although individuals can be found year-round Location: RC History: Towhees are found throughout the county and at all elevations. It is not uncommon to find individuals throughout the winter (winter of 2009-10 and 2002-03 in Lexington). Towhees have been reported on 37 of 84 CBC. Murray reports that Towhees occur from 22 February to 24 October with six winter (December and January) records. He reports nests with eggs between 22 May and 7 July. Status: Abundant during spring and summer and uncommon during the winter, but should be seen in the area Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway on Apple Orchard Mountain; upper photo, male, 13 April 2010; lower photo, female, 22 May 2008. For additional photos: Eastern Towhee

Bachman’s Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis)

Occurrence: Former breeder in the area but no longer present. Dates: 14 and 24 April Location: RC History: Murray reports three sightings of Bachman’s Sparrow in the area: 14 April 1939, 24 April 1948, and a third sighting with no date. The 24 April date coincided with a VSO meeting. A number of VSO members saw and heard the bird. There are no recent reports. Status: Accidental (absent) and not expected.

American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea):

Occurrence: Winter resident/migrant in the area Dates: December through February Locations: LEX, GP, CT, RC History: Tree Sparrows are winter residents that are seen most winters (61 of 84 CBC) but their numbers vary. The average number seen on the CBC is 2.1 birds with 25 seen in 1995 and 200 noted in 1962. They were almost always reported on the CBC prior to 1979, but recently there have been very few sightings on the CBC. Recent records are on 13 February 2000 in Lexington and Goshen Pass, on 6 February 2010 in the northern part of the county, 9 -10 February 2010 near Fairfield, 15 February 2010 in the southern part of the county, and 10 March 2010 near

Rockbridge Baths. Murray notes that Tree Sparrows are common between 9 November and 9 April. Status: Uncommon winter resident that could be seen.

Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder with a few individuals seen during the winter months Dates: March through October Locations: RC History: Chipping Sparrows can be found in open areas throughout the county and at all elevations. The earliest record is 11 February 2010 at our feeders in Lexington. Chipping Sparrows have been reported on four CBC (2011, 2008, 2003, and 1992). While individuals have been found in December and February, the average arrival time is mid to late March. Murray considers Chipping Sparrows to be an abundant summer resident present from 14 March until 4 November. He reports nests on 24 April 1948 and 25 July 1845. Status: Abundant summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 13 June 2009. For additional photos: Chipping Sparrow

Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida)

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: Late April – early May Location: WL History: A single individual was found by Alex Merritt on 28 April 2011 at Willow Lake and represents the first record for this species in the County. The sparrow was in a mixed flock of Chipping Sparrows and Palm Warblers when it was first located. The sparrow was still present on 1 May 2011 and was in a mixed flock of Goldfinches, House Finches, and Chipping Sparrows that were feeding on dandelion seeds. This sighting was accepted as a Category 1 record by VARCOM, and it represents the first record for the Mountains and Valley region of Virginia. Status: Accidental species and not expected in the county. Photos: Willow Lake, 1 May 2011 For additional photos: Clay-colored Sparrow

Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Locations: RC History: Field Sparrows can be found throughout the area and at all elevations. During the late fall and winter, Field Sparrows tend to form small flocks. I have records of Field Sparrows in December and January through March and April. They have been reported on 68 of 84 CBC with an average of 30 individuals seen each year. The highest, recent count was 171 individuals seen in 2004. Murray reports nests with eggs as early as 7 May and as late as 5 September. Status: Abundant year-round resident and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington, 12 January 2010. For additional photos: Field Sparrow

Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus)

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid March through mid November Locations: RC History: There are two recent sightings of Vesper Sparrows in the area. One individual was seen near Rockbridge Baths on 11 April 2009 and three individuals were seen at Willow Lake on 29 March 2010. Murray reports that Vesper Sparrows are a common summer resident and breeder. He reports nests with eggs or young found in May. Murray also notes that Vesper Sparrows are abundant as transients through the area. This species seems to have declined, and it may no longer breed in the area. Status: Uncommon summer resident and not expected.

Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys)

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 11 February 1932 Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond) History: Specimen collected by Murray at Cameron’s Pond on 11 February 1032 Status: Accidental and not expected in the area.

Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sanwichensis):

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration Dates: September through October and late February through mid May Locations: OFRP, BS area, BRP at JR, RC History: Savannah Sparrows have been reported along the Blue Ridge Parkway at the James River (11 April 2001), at Old Farm Pond (9 October 2010), and on two CBCs (2009 and 1977). Murray considers Savannah Sparrows as an abundant transient passing through the area between 21 February and 20 May and 8 September and 14 November. Status: Uncommon transient through the area and should not be expected to be seen. Photo: Old Farm Road Pond, 9 October 2010. For additional photos: Savannah Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid April through October Locations: LEX, RB, BB, RC History: Grasshopper Sparrows are found in the pastures and grassy areas of the county. The earliest arrival date is 20 April 2002 near Brownsburg. Murray reports that Grasshopper Sparrows are a common summer resident with an occurrence range of 12 April to 20 October. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Rockbridge County, 21 June 2011. For additional photos: Grasshopper Sparrow

Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammospiza caudacuta)

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 17 October 1928 Location: LEX (Cameron’s Pond) History: One individual was observed at Cameron’s Pond on 17 October 1928 by Murray. Status: Accidental and not expected.

Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca):

Occurrence: Transients through the area during spring and fall migration and in small numbers during the winter. Dates: November to early April Locations: LEX, CT, MR, LR, RC History: Fox Sparrows migrate through the area and are commonly seen in the early spring. The earliest arrival date is 2 November 2010 along the Chessie Trail near South River and the late departure date of 9 April 2009 in Lexington. Sightings of Fox Sparrows are more common in late February and March. Fox Sparrows have been reported on 38 of 84 CBC. Murray reports that they are transients passing through the area between 22 February and 6 April. Status: Common during migration especially in the spring and should be seen in the area. Photo: Sunrise Stables, 13 February 2010. For additional photos: Fox Sparrow

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Song Sparrows can be found throughout the area and at all elevations. They have been reported on 81 of 84 CBC with an average of 51 individuals seen each year. The highest, recent count was 157 individuals reported in 2004. Song Sparrows were one of 21 species recorded in the first Lexington area CBC in 1922. Murray notes that nests with eggs have been found on 30 April and reports a nest with large young on 4 September 1948. Status: Abundant, year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Hyde Road near Brownsburg, 6 January 2010. For additional photos: Song Sparrow

Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii)

Occurrence: Transient during spring and fall migration, seven records in the county Dates: September through November Locations: There are five recent records of a Lincoln’s Sparrow in the area. One individual was seen at a bird feeder in southern parts of the county on 14 May 2005, 3 April 2007, and between 12 and 14 May in 2010. One individual was seen near Rockbridge Baths on 13 October 2009 and another individual was seen along the Chessie Trail near South River on 15 October 2010. Murray reports individuals were seen on 18 October 1933, 21 and 29 September 1933, 28 September 1936, 22 November 1936, and 18 May 1936. Status: Uncommon migrant and not expected.

Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana)

Occurrence: Transient during migration and winter resident Dates: March to May and September to December Locations: GP, OFRP, LEX, LR History: Swamp Sparrows have been located at Goshen Pass (19 March 2009) and near Lexington at Old Farm Pond (9 October 2010). They have been reported on 28 of 84 CBC with a highest count total of 89 in 1974. Recently, the highest count total is 5 individuals reported in 2000. Status: Uncommon transient during migration and could be seen in the area. Photo: Goshen Pass, 19 March 2009. For additional photos: Swamp Sparrow

White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant through the area Dates: Early October through late April Locations: RC History: White-throated Sparrows are a winter resident and can be found in all areas of the county during the winter. The earliest arrival date is 5 October 2010 and late departure dates are 28 April 1996 in Lexington and 29 April 2000 at the Blue Ridge Parkway and the James River. White-throated Sparrows have been reported on 82 of 84 CBC. The yearly average is 200 individuals, but for the last ten counts the average is 411 individuals. The maximum number of individuals reported was 1,008 in 1979. Murray notes a 28 September to 25 May occurrence range. Status: Abundant winter resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lake Merriweather, 6 December 2008. For additional photos: White-throated Sparrow

Harris’ Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula)

Occurrence: Accidental winter migrant Dates: 1974 and 2009-10 Locations: BB History: This species has only been reported twice in the county. During the winter of 2009-10 an individual was located mixed in with a flock of White-crowned Sparrows at a farm near Brownsburg. The winter of 2009-10 had heavy snow and the Harris’ Sparrow remained in the area for several months. Status: Accidental and not expected. Photo: Hyde Rd, January 2010 (Courtesy of Brenda Tekin) For additional photos: Harris' Sparrow

White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant through the area Dates: October through early May Locations: LEX, BB, CT, LR area, GP, RC History: White-crowned Sparrows are often found in around farms and hedge rows during the winter throughout the county. The recent earliest arrival date is 5 October 2010 near Fairfield the latest departure date is 1 May 2011. They have been reported on 65 of 84 CBC with an average number seen of 21. The highest count was 164 individuals reported in 1964. Recently, the highest count is 85 individuals reported in 2003. Murray reports that White-crowned Sparrows arrive on 2 October 1950 and depart as late as 15 May 1945. Status: Common winter resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Sunrise Stables, 5 December 2009. For additional photos: White-crowned Sparrow

Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident and migrant into the area Dates: Year-round with migrants arriving in early November and departing in late April Location: RC History: Juncos are considered to be a winter resident in the area, but breeding individuals can be found at higher elevations in the county. It is possible that there is a small, permanent population in the area that moves up into the mountains during the spring to breed. The earliest arrival date for the winter residents is 4 November 1999 along the Chessie Trail. The winter residents depart in mid to late April (latest date in Lexington is 17 April 2000). Juncos are often seen at higher elevations (above 3000 feet) throughout the summer. Courtship and mating have been observed on 23 April 2004 on Apple Orchard Mountain and other sightings from that and other locations have been made in June and July. Juncos have been reported on 83 of 84 CBC with a yearly average of 316 individuals reported. The highest recorded count was 1,158 individuals in 1979. Murray reports that winter residents arrive 8 October and depart 1 May. He notes that breeding birds can be found above 2800 feet and reports a nest in Amherst County on 6 July 1933. Status: Abundant winter resident and common summer resident/breeder above 3000 feet in elevation and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 16 January 2009. For additional photos: Dark-eyed Junco

Passeriformes: Cardinalidae Tanagers, Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Buntings (All photos: Tanagers, Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Indigo Buntings )

Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder although there have been no recent sightings Dates: May through September Locations: RC History: Bob Paxton reports seeing Summer Tanagers on North Mountain during the 1980’s, but there have been no sightings since that time. Murray reports that Summer Tanagers are found below 1400 feet in elevation and are locally common. He reports nests on 11 May 1953, 23 May 1847, 6 June 1931, 19 June 1934, 2 July 1932, and 10 July 1928. Murray notes that Summer Tanagers occur between 24 April and 27 September. Status: Rare summer resident/breeder and not expected.

Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Mid April through September Locations: BRP 1, BRP 2, BRP AO, GP, LR, LEX, RC History: Scarlet Tanagers are a common summer resident of the area. They are most commonly found in the forests along the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Goshen Pass area. The earliest arrival date is 20 April at Brushy Hill outside of Lexington in 2003 and in the southern part of the county in 2009. By late April they are commonly heard along the Blue Ridge Parkway. The recent latest departure date is 1 October 2006 along the Appalachian Trail. Murray reports a range of occurrence between 21 April and 6 October with nesting occurring between 15 May 1931 and 30 June 1930. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at Yankee Horse Ridge, 3 May 2008. For additional photos: Scarlet Tanager

Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Cardinals can be found throughout the county and at all elevations. Cardinals have been reported on 81 of 84 CBC with a yearly average of 124 individuals reported. The highest recorded count was 406 individuals in 1979 and the highest recent count was 331 individuals in 2004. Murray reports nests as early as 16 and 21 April. Additionally, he notes that Cardinals are found up to 2500 feet in elevation. I have found Cardinals on Apple Orchard Mountain on 2 May 2001 and 9 June 2000. Status: Abundant year-round resident/breeder that should be seen in the area. Photo: left photo, Lexington, female, 20 March 2008; right photo, male, Lexington, 19 December 2008. For additional photos: Northern Cardinal

Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Mid April to early October Where to find it: Rose-breasted Grosbeaks breed at the higher elevations in the county. The earliest arrival date is 15 April 2005 in Goshen Pass with a late departure date of 2 October 2006. Murray reports that they are fairly common above 2500 feet with early arrival dates of 10 May 1949, 12 May 1928, and 13 May 1929. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway near milepost 37, 1 May 2010. For additional photos: Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: May through September Where to find it: Blue Grosbeaks are found in shrubby-open field areas in the county. Breeding pairs have been reported along Jacobs Ladder Rd (2010) outside of Lexington, along the South River near its confluence with the Maury River (July and August of 2009), and a pair with fledglings at the Ponds Housing development (July 2011). A single or pair of Blue Grosbeaks were found near Fairfield on 26 August, 30 August, and 26 September 2010. Murray considers that Blue Grosbeaks are an unusual summer resident in

the area. He reports six records of Blue Grosbeaks in the county and nests found on 21 May and on 15 July 1948. Status: Uncommon summer resident/breeder and could be seen in the area. Photo: Ponds Housing development, 20 July 2011. For additional photos: Blue Grosbeak

Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through early October Where to find it: Indigo Buntings are most often found along edges of woods and can be found throughout the county. The earliest arrival date is 24 April 2007 and the latest departure date is 9 October 2010. Murray reports an early arrival date of 18 April and a departure date of 14 October. Nests are found between 25 May and 2 August. Status: Abundant summer resident/breeder and should be found in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway; upper photo, male, 15 June 2008; lower photo, female, 15 May 2010. For additional photos: Indigo Bunting

Passeriformes: Icteridae Bobolinks, Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, and Orioles (All photos: Bobolinks, Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, and Orioles )

Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)

Occurrence: Transient through the area during migration Dates: Early May Where to find it: Bobolinks have been reported only during spring migration in the area. Records for Bobolinks are from the first week in May. This date is consistent with migration through the state. The recent reports (2011 and 2007) are from the Turkey Hill area. Murray reports that Bobolinks are common in the spring with dates ranging from 25 April to 27 May and are uncommon in the fall with dates ranging from 21 August to 23 September. He does not give location data for his sightings. Status: Rare spring migrant and not expected. Photo: Turkey Hill, 3 May 2007. For additional photos: Bobolink

Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late February through September with a few individuals in the area through December Locations: MF, WL, BS, LM, RC History: Red-winged Blackbirds are found in the lower elevations in the county especially in marshy or wet areas, although some individuals can be found in upland locations. The earliest arrival date is 17 February 2008 at Kendal. By mid-April they are abundant. Red-winged Blackbirds have been reported on 26 of 84 CBC with a peak number of 30 seen in 1998. Murray reports them as being abundant summer residents with an occasional individual overwintering. He reports them as occurring in every month except January with a normal occurrence range of 22 February to 13 December. He reports nests with eggs between 24 April and 27 July. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. During the winter they are uncommon and not expected. Photo: Willow Lake, 9 June 2010. For additional photos: Red-winged Blackbird

Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder with many individuals leaving the area during the winter Dates: Year-round with increased sightings from April through November Locations: LEX, OFRP, WL, MF, BB, RC History: Meadowlarks are found in fields and pastures at lower elevations throughout the county. They are common in the spring and summer and tend to form small flocks in the winter. It is likely that many individuals leave the area during the winter. Meadowlarks have been reported on 59 of 84 CBC with an average of 16 individuals reported each year. The record high count is 136 individuals reported in 1975. More recently, the high count for the past ten years is 51 individuals in 2005. Murray reports nest on 14 May 1934 and 25 June 1944. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen during the summer. Meadowlarks are an uncommon winter resident that could be seen in the area. Photo: Willow Lake, 15 March 2011. For additional photos: Eastern Meadowlark

Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus):

Occurrence: Transient during fall and spring migration Dates: October through April Locations: MF, GP, LEX History: Rusty Blackbirds are migrants through the area although some individuals may overwinter. Individuals have been reported at Locher Tract on 25 March 2010, 7 April 2010, and 10 November 2010; at Willow Lake on 29 March 2010, and along the Chessie Trail near South River on 29 April 2010; in Lexington on 27 January 2004; in Goshen Pass on 10 April 2004; and at McCormick’s Farm on 15 March 2011, 6 November 2011, and 11 November 2010. Rusty Blackbirds have been reported on 22 CBC with 34 individuals reported in 2000. Murray considers them to be transients with an occurrence range of 30 September through 25 April. Status: Uncommon transient in the spring and scarce in the fall and not expected. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 11 November 2010. For additional photos: Rusty Blackbird

Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area Dates: Late February through mid October Location: RC History: Grackles are found throughout the area during the summer. They are one of the early arrivals in the spring with an earliest arrival date of 23 February 2004. During the late summer, fall, and into early winter, Grackles form flocks that move through the county. Grackles have been reported on 22 CBC with and average of 19 individuals seen each year. The highest count is 750 individuals seen in 2006. In 2009, 727 individuals were reported. Murray notes an occurrence range of 13 February 1949 to 12 November. Murray reports nests with eggs by 19 April. Status: Abundant summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. During the winter they are uncommon and not expected. Photo: McCormick’s Farm, 9 June 2009. For additional photos: Common Grackle

Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder and migrant through the area with a few individuals remaining throughout the winter Dates: Early March through November with individuals reported in December, January, and February Location: RC History: Cowbirds can be found throughout the area and at all elevation. Individuals have been reported on 27 January 2004, 16 February 2003, and 5 March 2005, but the average arrival date is between 8-10 April. Cowbirds have been reported on 21 of 84 CBC with a peak number of 452 individuals seen in 2000. Murray reports an occurrence range of 5 March to 25 November. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. During the winter, they are uncommon and not expected. Photo: Lexington, 29 March 2010. For additional photos: Brown-headed Cowbird

Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurious):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through July Locations: SR, MR, WL, RC History: Orchard Orioles can be found along waterways in the county. Recently, individuals have been reported from 23 April 2004 to 27 July 2004. Murray reports an occurrence range from 26 April to 19 September with a nest with eggs on 20 May. Status: Locally common summer resident/breeder and could be seen in the area Photo: South River near the Chessie Trail; left photo, male, 28 April 2010; right photo, female, 6 May 2010. For additional photos: Orchard Oriole

Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula):

Occurrence: Summer resident/breeder Dates: Late April through September Location: RC History: Baltimore Orioles can be found throughout the lower elevations of the county. The earliest arrival date is 20 April 2004 at the Blue Ridge Parkway and the James River. They are commonly seen and heard by early May. The recent late departure date is 28 September 2009 near Rockbridge Baths. During early February of 2010, an individual was seen for several days at a bird feeder near Lexington. Murray reports an occurrence range of 22 April to 12 September with nests on 13 May and 26 May. Status: Common summer resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: Blue Ridge Parkway at the James River, 30 May 2010. For additional photos: Baltimore Oriole

Passeriformes: Fringillidae Finches (All photos: Finches and House Sparrows )

Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant through the area Dates: Mid October through late April Location: RC History: Purple Finches are seen most winters but their numbers vary dramatically from year to year. They can be uncommon in some years and abundant in others. The earliest arrival date is 9 October 2010 and the latest departure date is 21 April 2009. During the winter of 2003-04 Purple Finches were abundant in the area. We had 20 – 25 individuals at our feeders for most of the winter. George Tolley reported 200+ individuals at his feeders during the 2003-04 winter. Purple Finches have been reported on 68 of 84 CBC with an average of 48 individuals reported each year. Murray reports an occurrence range of 10 October 1957 through 5 May. Status: Common to sporadically abundant winter resident and should be seen in the area Photo: Lexington; left photo, male; right photo, female; both photos, 19 December 2008. For additional photos: Purple Finch

House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: House Finches have become a common, permanent resident of the area. They can be found throughout most of the areas in the county and at all elevations. House Finches are a western species that was introduced in 1940 in Long Island. Since that time, they have spread throughout most of the eastern United States. Data from the CBC suggest that House Finches arrived in Lexington in 1974, and they have been continuously reported since 1977. The average number of individuals reported each year is 61, and the highest count total is 472 individuals reported in 1986.

Status: Abundant year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington: left (male) 23 January 2011, right (female) 20 March 2008. For additional photos: House Finch

Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)

Occurrence: Transient during the winter Dates: Late December and early January Locations: BRP 1, LR History: There are two, recent reports of Red Crossbills in the area. A group of eight individuals was seen at Lake Robertson on the 2007 CBC (26 December 2007). A group of five individuals was seen along the Blue Ridge Parkway near mile post 44 on 3 January 2005. Murray reports three records, two of which were in April, 1941, and May, 1955, and no dates were given for the third record. Status: Rare winter species and not expected to be seen.

Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea)

Occurrence: Accidental Dates: 29 January 1978, 19 February 1978 Location: LEX History: Redpolls were seen at two, different feeders in Lexington during the winter of 1978. There was an explosion of Redpolls into Virginia that year. Status: Accidental and not expected.

Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus):

Occurrence: Winter resident and migrant into the area Dates: December through February Locations: History: Pine Siskins are a winter resident or migrant into the area. Their numbers vary greatly from year to year, but they rarely are present in large numbers. Recent records are on 29 December 2004 in Lexington, 5 February 2004 in the Kerrs Creek area (Coalter), 19 December 2008 in Lexington, 7 February 2009, and 24 December 2010 in Lexington. Siskins have been reported on 17 of 84 CBC. They have been reported on four of the last ten counts, but in 2008 Siskins were common in the area and 88 individuals were reported. Murray reports that Siskins are a scarce winter visitor with flocks reported on 2 November 1919, 10 December 1933, 22 January 1947 and 11 April 1949. Status: Uncommon winter migrant/resident and not expected. Photo: Lexington, 19 December 2008. For additional photos: Pine Siskin

American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: Goldfinches are a permanent resident of the area. They are found in flocks until late spring. Goldfinches have been reported on 76 of 84 CBC with an average of 68 individuals seen each year. The highest count total is 297 individuals reported in 2008. Murray reports nests with eggs by 18 July. Status: Abundant year-round resident/breeder and should be seen in the area. Photo: left photo, Lexington, male in breeding plumage, 2 June 2010; right photo, McCormick’s Farm, winter coloration, 6 November 2010. For additional photos: American Goldfinch

Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus)

Occurrence: Winter migrant/resident Dates: November through April Where to find it: Murray reports flocks of varying sizes that remained in the area during the winters of 1943-44, 1945-46, 1950, 1951-52, 1954-55, and 1956. Evening Grosbeaks are normally found farther north during the winter and their movement into our area is sporadic. They have been reported on 26 CBC’s, but the last sighting was in 1993. Between 1968 and 1987, Evening Grosbeaks were reported almost every year with a high count total of 246 in 1975. Status: Rare winter resident/migrant and not expected to be seen in the area.

Passeriformes:Passeridae House Sparrow

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus):

Occurrence: Year-round resident/breeder Dates: Year-round Location: RC History: House Sparrows are a permanent resident of the area. They have been reported on 76 of 84 CBC with an average of 98 birds reported each year. Murray reports nesting as early as 1 February 1943 with eggs present on 7 April. Status: Abundant year-round resident and should be seen in the area. Photo: Lexington, 20 April 2006. For additional photos: House Sparrow

Christmas Bird Count Data No. of AVG Years #/Year Year AOU # Species seen 10 year 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 ### 2000 1999 1998 ### 1996 1995 # of CBC 85 # AVG 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 3 Common Loon 1 0.0 1 0.2 2 6 Pied-billed Grebe 33 1.2 8 2.7 10 7 1 1 2 1 4 1 13 14 cw 7 Horned Grebe 12 0.2 2 0.3 2 1 46 Double-crested Cormorant 2 0.0 2 0.2 1 1 54 American Bittern 1 0.0 0 0.0 56 Great Blue Heron 56 3.8 10 12.3 8 10 19 17 10 10 14 8 10 18 7 9 15 6 14 9 63 Green Heron 1 0.0 0 0.0 64 Black-crowned Night Heron 1 0.0 0 0.0 71 Black Vulture 71 30.2 10 88.0 91 26 134 29 44 91 122 72 220 57 85 75 40 93 48 75 72 Turkey Vulture 83 52.8 10 148.1 221 46 78 144 143 180 159 276 268 114 73 237 124 159 96 47 77 Tundra Swan 5 0.1 1 0.1 1 3 81 Snow Goose 3 0.0 0 0.0 85 Canada Goose 26 34.9 10 217.8 338 397 332 299 380 60 318 92 174 73 53 77 57 86 32 85 86 Wood Duck 7 0.2 2 0.3 2 1 2 87 Green-winged Teal 29 2.0 7 7.8 2 8 9 14 7 36 2 1 88 American Black Duck 63 9.9 10 14.8 6 2 23 9 14 8 47 9 17 14 5 16 6 10 5 90 Mallard 66 59.5 10 216.3 146 45 109 88 110 541 281 286 230 299 174 256 207 187 151 162 91 Northern Pintail 7 0.1 2 0.3 1 2 1 cw 92 Blue-winged Teal 1 0.0 0 0.0 94 Northern Shoveler 5 0.1 3 0.8 6 1 1 95 Gadwall 16 1.7 4 6.2 36 27 17 7 11 1 97 American Wigeon 16 0.4 0 0.0 98 Canvasback 1 0.0 0 0.0 99 Redhead 3 0.1 0 0.0 2 1 100 Ring-necked Duck 18 1.4 6 10.5 30 21 9 1 23 21 1 102 Greater Scaup 4 0.1 1 0.2 2 1 103 Lesser Scaup 9 0.3 0 0.0 113 Common Goldeneye 7 0.2 0 0.0 115 Bufflehead 9 0.3 0 0.0 4 2 116 Hooded Merganser 25 3.5 10 22.5 9 26 24 75 27 12 21 16 9 13 2 16 2 117 Common Merganser 3 0.1 2 0.8 6 2 118 Red-breasted Merganser 1 0.0 0 0.0 120 Ruddy Duck 6 0.1 1 0.1 cw 1 1 126 Bald Eagle 13 0.3 7 1.5 3 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 cw 1 1 127 Northern Harrier 20 0.3 7 1.0 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 128 Sharp-shinned Hawk 51 1.4 10 2.6 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 1 129 Cooper's Hawk 33 0.7 9 2.6 4 5 2 5 3 2 4 1 1 3 1 cw 1 134 Red-shouldered Hawk 42 1.1 10 3.5 8 2 4 7 2 2 2 1 5 6 4 3 3 2 3 2 140 Red-tailed Hawk 68 8.1 10 29.3 21 16 24 30 35 31 46 30 20 32 29 18 9 20 13 16 142 Rough-legged Hawk 4 0.1 1 0.1 1 143 Golden Eagle 3 0.0 2 0.2 1 1 145 American Kestrel 76 5.7 10 12.8 6 6 8 9 18 19 18 4 17 21 8 12 8 11 5 8 146 Merlin 2 0.0 1 0.1 1 147 Peregrine Falcon 2 0.0 0 0.0 153 Ring-necked Pheasant 1 0.0 0 0.0 AOU # Species seen 10 year 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 ### 2000 1999 1998 ### 1996 1995 # of CBC 85 # AVG 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 154 Ruffed Grouse 38 1.2 3 0.3 1 1 1 cw cw 2 cw 3 164 Wild Turkey 29 2.4 10 8.3 17 10 8 24 6 10 11 5 3 5 1 7 6 5 8 23 166 Northern Bobwhite 52 18.0 2 0.9 4 5 cw 8 179 American Coot 16 1.3 2 0.3 2 2 1 1 2 191 Killdeer 68 6.0 7 5.0 4 3 5 1 2 26 7 6 2 1 1 230 Common Snipe 56 2.6 6 2.8 1 2 10 2 10 2 2 3 7 1 6 1 231 American Woodcock 8 0.1 1 0.1 1 1 242 Bonaparte's Gull 1 0.2 0 0.0 245 Ring-billed Gull 10 1.5 4 6.2 1 1 3 57 2 7 247 Herring Gull 1 0.0 0 0.0 297 Rock Dove 39 82.0 9 287.9 310 112 315 377 230 657 395 265 361 167 417 146 514 281 174 305 Mourning Dove 74 103.9 10 246.5 378 213 249 370 239 331 375 156 147 93 292 176 289 82 72 94 316 Barn Owl 2 0.0 1 0.2 cw 2 318 Eastern Screech-Owl 51 4.7 10 11.2 8 3 15 12 13 12 13 12 2 20 10 13 15 10 11 11 321 Great Horned Owl 27 0.6 8 1.3 cw 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 3 7 1 2 329 Barred Owl 14 0.2 5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 331 Long-eared Owl 1 0.0 0 0.0 332 Short-eared Owl 1 0.0 0 0.0 363 Belted Kingfisher 80 7.3 10 12.3 6 8 16 13 23 12 11 4 14 16 6 18 15 13 13 9 366 Red-headed Woodpecker 23 0.5 0 0.0 1 370 Red-bellied Woodpecker 79 15.9 10 40.8 42 51 51 47 45 34 36 35 41 33 35 28 29 25 30 11 371 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 70 6.4 10 17.1 23 21 19 15 12 12 20 17 12 15 28 19 16 8 5 9 377 Downy Woodpecker 85 26.4 10 48.1 35 41 64 43 61 43 49 54 44 48 34 47 47 34 43 30 378 Hairy Woodpecker 67 4.0 10 9.3 7 6 13 12 10 10 7 10 8 9 8 8 13 5 11 9 386 Northern Flicker 72 10.3 10 27.6 8 20 34 39 35 19 19 17 23 39 31 24 36 14 24 10 387 Pileated Woodpecker 80 10.9 10 25.5 11 18 30 23 33 24 19 31 17 35 25 26 26 17 13 11 405 Eastern Phoebe 62 3.1 10 7.1 5 12 9 8 12 2 7 4 8 3 6 7 3 5 2 5 425 Loggerhead Shrike 65 2.6 4 0.4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 441 Blue Jay 80 98.1 10 229.4 276 209 167 453 236 310 185 156 158 178 242 232 113 67 155 97 452 American Crow 67 503.0 10 901.5 899 741 1149 1149 816 1169 581 793 1,127 972 518 1,859 694 708 933 625 454 Fish Crow 22 1.0 5 4.2 5 13 5 11 10 3 cw 6 2 4 1 456 Common Raven 60 3.6 10 9.1 14 11 12 8 12 11 7 13 4 6 7 12 11 6 3 6 458 Horned Lark 49 18.6 4 3.5 35 2 1 1 31 53 467 Black-capped Chickadee 61 13.2 10 21.9 62 30 15 21 25 32 12 15 25 21 23 35 16 12 10 37 468 Carolina Chickadee 76 59.0 10 83.9 49 72 87 79 111 68 59 71 118 69 105 117 113 85 67 64 477 Tufted Titmouse 83 55.2 9 116.2 96 140 142 101 176 114 110 145 122 112 143 134 136 77 85 480 Red-breasted Nuthatch 35 2.6 6 4.3 7 14 2 1 2 1 23 13 3 6 481 White-breasted Nuthatch 82 20.0 10 45.1 30 51 46 48 57 37 47 47 45 48 25 71 38 47 38 20 484 Brown Creeper 61 2.2 10 2.9 8 3 1 1 4 2 3 2 3 8 2 3 1 6 1 6 488 Carolina Wren 84 32.7 10 77.3 43 71 87 86 123 64 95 49 64 79 55 52 66 51 40 37 490 House Wren 6 0.1 0 0.0 491 Winter Wren 71 2.8 10 3.6 4 4 2 4 1 4 3 3 2 6 7 9 6 4 2 7 495 Golden-crowned Kinglet 79 37.2 10 68.8 52 33 35 22 60 92 126 118 50 71 81 44 152 51 29 89 496 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 51 4.7 10 11.0 8 5 13 12 10 14 10 17 8 5 16 14 18 2 3 13 503 Eastern Bluebird 75 59.0 10 158.4 121 144 166 148 167 151 108 164 219 156 161 124 210 130 117 179 510 Swainson's Thrush 1 0.0 0 0.0 511 Hermit Thrush 59 7.2 10 21.4 36 36 22 10 9 12 12 32 21 21 39 20 25 27 14 31 514 American Robin 67 764.7 10 1983.7 94 2233 315 1616 70 1479 42 8782 982 543 3,775 6,189 2,138 212 791 19 AOU # Species seen 10 year 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 ### 2000 1999 1998 ### 1996 1995 # of CBC 85 # AVG 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 517 Gray Catbird 4 0.1 2 0.3 1 2 518 Northern Mockingbird 83 43.1 10 58.2 39 66 47 52 56 45 88 40 60 67 61 69 51 47 35 51 520 Brown Thrasher 13 0.2 2 0.3 cw 1 cw 2 1 527 European Starling 85 1544.1 10 2479.0 690 2514 2161 3080 637 2872 754 5005 3,225 ### 3,098 2,253 2,785 282 1,547 736 530 American Pipit 4 0.4 1 0.9 18 9 2 533 Cedar Waxwing 50 56.0 10 187.5 cw 302 321 48 19 342 15 309 103 49 367 139 127 176 44 64 550 Yellow-rumped Warbler 69 75.2 10 166.4 34 135 189 137 58 191 13 249 215 193 284 557 221 364 176 96 559 Pine Warbler 2 0.0 0 0.0 562 Palm Warbler 1 0.0 0 0.0 592 Eastern Towhee 38 3.9 9 15.1 12 25 24 16 20 23 12 3 6 22 10 5 603 American Tree Sparrow 63 23.3 3 1.8 1 4 5 9 3 2 2 25 604 Chipping Sparrow 3 0.1 2 0.4 3 1 607 Field Sparrow 70 30.0 10 48.4 23 47 36 15 41 28 171 18 33 45 50 46 22 65 9 19 609 Vesper Sparrow 1 0.0 0 0.0 614 Savannah Sparrow 2 0.0 1 0.2 2 622 Fox Sparrow 39 1.8 10 5.9 11 7 7 16 2 1 2 3 3 11 7 8 6 2 2 6 623 Song Sparrow 83 51.3 10 90.2 81 124 82 63 80 67 157 80 75 79 95 58 117 51 79 78 625 Swamp Sparrow 29 1.8 5 1.1 3 1 1 2 2 5 2 4 5 626 White-throated Sparrow 84 205.3 10 419.2 623 582 447 314 369 351 485 425 360 388 471 334 266 232 167 173 627 Harris's Sparrow 1 0.0 0 0.0 628 White-crowned Sparrow 66 21.4 10 41.6 52 46 37 32 28 38 37 85 34 27 52 48 50 11 25 55 630 Dark-eyed Junco 85 319.0 10 398.1 542 583 343 321 338 250 523 346 314 544 419 469 561 273 271 235 638 Northern Cardinal 84 126.3 10 193.9 234 154 210 223 208 148 331 120 185 221 139 150 170 113 98 198 650 Red-winged Blackbird 27 2.7 5 3.3 28 13 1 10 7 2 30 8 652 Eastern Meadowlark 61 20.0 8 23.2 43 37 41 2 51 44 10 8 39 4 3 21 4 655 Rusty Blackbird 24 8.2 5 7.9 2 2 40 1 2 34 657 Common Grackle 23 19.1 8 153.9 cw 727 3 750 1 11 1 1 45 662 Brown-headed Cowbird 22 12.1 8 86.6 53 1 7 1 140 7 205 452 8 2 675 Purple Finch 71 51.1 10 90.2 64 34 114 190 6 191 77 202 7 67 14 81 15 59 36 8 677 House Finch 36 62.7 10 126.1 54 131 132 203 80 97 46 143 168 138 123 187 147 283 71 158 678 Red Crossbill 3 0.2 1 0.8 8 1 682 Pine Siskin 17 2.6 4 10.3 cw 88 3 2 10 7 685 American Goldfinch 79 70.9 10 181.2 102 140 297 272 80 226 173 220 159 165 80 147 96 118 63 84 686 Evening Grosbeak 26 11.2 0 0.0 687 House Sparrow 78 97.3 9 16.4 2 7 15 37 22 11 18 37 12 5 8 15 33 10 40

# of species 128 71 76 72 74 72 78 69 66 70 69 72 69 66 64 67 66 # of individuals 6261 10719 8503 10527 6250 10737 6400 18854 9763 ### #### 15061 9569 ### 5904 4189 Christmas Bird Count Data

AOU # Species 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 # of CBC 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 3 Common Loon 6 Pied-billed Grebe 1 1 1 6 2 3 1 4 2 6 3 1 4 1 2 2 7 Horned Grebe 2 1 1 1 2 1 46 Double-crested Cormorant 54 American Bittern 1 56 Great Blue Heron 3 2 2 8 2 5 4 4 13 9 4 3 7 8 1 9 2 4 13 3 2 1 63 Green Heron 1 64 Black-crowned Night Heron 1 71 Black Vulture 44 75 49 114 35 19 52 33 7 5 53 8 11 5 38 55 47 8 27 58 10 61 6 2 72 Turkey Vulture 103 65 59 52 61 25 47 7 29 16 35 8 146 7 8 16 29 16 10 87 19 68 79 13 77 Tundra Swan 1 2 1 81 Snow Goose 1 85 Canada Goose 6 14 30 25 18 2 2 5 8 1 86 Wood Duck 2 7 87 Green-winged Teal 1 6 1 3 88 American Black Duck 2 22 12 10 20 183 8 2 7 1 18 24 10 22 16 22 93 1 90 Mallard 58 51 40 24 58 5 14 15 350 15 53 20 20 29 27 73 91 83 15 87 126 5 91 Northern Pintail 1 4 92 Blue-winged Teal 94 Northern Shoveler 1 1 95 Gadwall 7 1 6 2 12 7 2 2 97 American Wigeon 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 4 2 1 98 Canvasback 1 99 Redhead 3 100 Ring-necked Duck 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 102 Greater Scaup 3 1 103 Lesser Scaup 1 9 1 2 1 4 2 113 Common Goldeneye 1 2 2 1 4 5 115 Bufflehead 3 1 5 2 5 5 1 116 Hooded Merganser 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 2 20 117 Common Merganser 2 118 Red-breasted Merganser 1 120 Ruddy Duck 1 1 1 126 Bald Eagle 1 1 1 127 Northern Harrier 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 128 Sharp-shinned Hawk 3 2 1 1 2 4 3 5 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 5 4 3 2 3 129 Cooper's Hawk 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 134 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 140 Red-tailed Hawk 12 7 17 9 14 12 9 6 16 7 10 11 10 14 11 17 10 10 14 18 6 3 2 2 142 Rough-legged Hawk 1 2 1 143 Golden Eagle 1 145 American Kestrel 1 2 8 7 5 3 6 4 9 5 7 8 5 18 13 19 5 11 10 20 16 5 5 7 146 Merlin 1 147 Peregrine Falcon 153 Ring-necked Pheasant 1 AOU # Species 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 # of CBC 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 154 Ruffed Grouse 3 2 2 5 4 1 3 5 4 4 6 4 3 3 4 5 4 1 2 2 164 Wild Turkey 5 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 7 13 5 6 3 166 Northern Bobwhite 3 12 11 27 3 14 11 44 13 43 76 56 55 70 71 37 179 American Coot 1 2 2 1 19 18 33 3 21 191 Killdeer 5 1 4 3 1 3 10 5 25 13 6 7 42 3 11 18 18 3 21 2 230 Common Snipe 3 5 1 9 2 2 2 3 2 11 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 231 American Woodcock 1 2 2 242 Bonaparte's Gull 15 245 Ring-billed Gull 1 5 1 50 247 Herring Gull 3 297 Rock Dove 121 136 135 39 131 7 133 113 32 65 47 39 143 203 40 263 60 108 102 157 104 305 Mourning Dove 68 78 140 86 105 11 32 117 118 97 99 42 153 406 29 338 117 188 174 470 97 48 75 100 316 Barn Owl 318 Eastern Screech-Owl 7 7 14 13 9 8 7 12 10 6 2 9 17 19 16 11 2 4 4 10 8 1 2 321 Great Horned Owl 3 1 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 329 Barred Owl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 331 Long-eared Owl 332 Short-eared Owl 363 Belted Kingfisher 8 7 7 12 12 3 10 12 17 8 9 5 10 22 11 24 11 5 12 30 26 19 12 10 366 Red-headed Woodpecker 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 370 Red-bellied Woodpecker 23 12 12 15 15 14 22 7 29 19 12 20 25 33 23 53 30 16 22 26 14 3 10 15 371 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 2 8 3 7 5 5 4 4 13 5 13 8 9 3 7 9 65 10 6 14 3 4 3 377 Downy Woodpecker 19 31 26 31 32 14 49 19 24 35 37 41 66 103 34 102 42 35 29 62 48 15 31 18 378 Hairy Woodpecker 9 2 5 5 2 4 7 2 6 3 2 6 7 12 7 4 5 2 5 10 9 4 3 6 386 Northern Flicker 13 9 6 15 3 12 27 10 20 16 16 3 13 21 9 26 11 11 20 11 18 1 5 11 387 Pileated Woodpecker 21 12 8 16 13 8 13 8 16 16 12 11 18 16 10 19 9 3 10 5 13 6 7 12 405 Eastern Phoebe 2 5 5 2 2 1 14 2 1 5 7 4 8 3 4 12 5 1 2 3 425 Loggerhead Shrike 3 1 2 2 1 6 7 4 1 4 3 3 8 2 2 1 9 5 7 3 6 441 Blue Jay 91 161 32 220 10 112 309 33 163 232 104 94 181 309 134 430 74 225 135 165 211 114 93 170 452 American Crow 681 541 501 468 574 664 550 450 645 965 398 722 719 920 652 1,567 162 1,281 765 1,024 310 393 345 230 454 Fish Crow 1 1 7 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 456 Common Raven 6 6 7 3 2 1 3 2 7 7 1 6 6 11 4 7 11 6 8 5 5 1 2 458 Horned Lark 5 4 63 9 3 31 467 Black-capped Chickadee 5 56 15 11 40 7 22 20 16 22 5 55 17 5 20 31 5 56 12 60 9 2 5 468 Carolina Chickadee 49 46 79 58 83 39 32 52 98 59 79 57 97 160 72 219 103 146 160 64 128 96 71 70 477 Tufted Titmouse 52 39 56 73 67 31 77 54 89 53 41 44 116 155 94 160 52 68 77 84 76 23 67 52 480 Red-breasted Nuthatch 3 3 1 4 20 1 11 5 7 7 8 32 7 10 3 1 481 White-breasted Nuthatch 20 15 25 40 20 10 34 13 37 29 17 14 48 40 27 48 33 30 25 43 38 20 7 13 484 Brown Creeper 1 3 3 5 1 2 2 2 6 1 5 9 10 2 6 2 3 4 2 5 2 1 488 Carolina Wren 43 35 36 65 47 30 28 38 66 60 69 43 81 63 41 101 26 30 51 76 64 35 21 23 490 House Wren 2 1 1 1 1 491 Winter Wren 2 4 5 3 2 3 3 5 7 3 4 3 1 8 2 2 14 13 6 4 2 495 Golden-crowned Kinglet 84 123 71 90 266 69 132 70 46 234 62 17 62 19 34 51 62 20 54 27 17 37 6 6 496 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 23 10 10 9 4 2 7 2 5 7 7 2 7 4 6 15 34 8 11 19 13 1 1 503 Eastern Bluebird 78 40 48 81 62 22 63 52 185 69 130 90 148 130 134 158 110 46 51 51 24 16 11 510 Swainson's Thrush 511 Hermit Thrush 14 17 6 15 5 18 20 7 5 16 17 7 4 11 3 11 13 5 3 1 2 514 American Robin 547 106 5 1,104 14 460 54 130 184 20 89 49 4 29 138 218 200 145 27,422 1 39 1 3 20 AOU # Species 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 # of CBC 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 517 Gray Catbird 1 1 518 Northern Mockingbird 33 29 30 42 33 36 40 28 53 78 46 58 83 73 51 88 32 59 94 66 97 58 38 64 520 Brown Thrasher 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 527 European Starling 711 10,079 178 859 618 650 344 360 628 309 571 742 652 870 323 3,417 1,149 1,316 2,822 8,291 7,435 1883 1206 7700 530 American Pipit 533 Cedar Waxwing 100 30 210 134 18 10 32 43 170 47 9 422 37 321 119 98 8 11 20 10 74 550 Yellow-rumped Warbler 147 149 10 217 10 92 169 95 219 84 230 86 67 231 71 294 299 252 82 11 89 10 3 559 Pine Warbler 562 Palm Warbler 592 Eastern Towhee 14 11 6 5 13 3 15 3 2 9 20 10 1 16 603 American Tree Sparrow 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 8 13 20 2 3 604 Chipping Sparrow 2 607 Field Sparrow 16 68 35 42 19 23 56 30 53 80 4 25 20 19 86 97 129 61 171 42 29 48 16 609 Vesper Sparrow 1 614 Savannah Sparrow 1 622 Fox Sparrow 3 3 1 12 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 3 1 2 623 Song Sparrow 48 64 80 153 52 88 74 69 112 132 47 81 103 73 217 106 116 77 122 19 44 100 625 Swamp Sparrow 2 1 3 2 2 4 3 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 89 1 626 White-throated Sparrow 242 489 83 340 167 250 249 160 421 738 364 454 308 514 287 1,008 387 851 426 409 342 67 56 170 627 Harris's Sparrow 1 628 White-crowned Sparrow 14 37 6 1 1 5 2 19 21 12 26 35 20 54 28 38 49 80 46 66 164 14 18 14 630 Dark-eyed Junco 177 613 327 295 413 462 453 366 390 865 375 604 467 806 635 1158 717 1016 495 844 544 240 217 170 638 Northern Cardinal 73 68 89 70 165 65 107 160 112 283 133 198 227 146 167 406 187 258 325 175 182 127 110 650 Red-winged Blackbird 8 11 1 23 1 1 4 3 2 24 4 3 1 20 8 652 Eastern Meadowlark 4 5 1 1 4 2 44 2 2 1 6 10 6 46 50 8 23 24 136 11 6 32 32 655 Rusty Blackbird 5 27 1 4 2 1 657 Common Grackle 5 12 12 25 1 10 1 3 4 4 1 662 Brown-headed Cowbird 17 33 2 2 22 15 4 17 7 1 675 Purple Finch 7 50 3 68 98 64 36 81 42 40 89 99 397 186 202 234 192 55 81 111 11 80 100 677 House Finch 76 322 56 263 22 315 129 227 472 167 61 137 159 451 60 181 39 25 1 3 678 Red Crossbill 9 682 Pine Siskin 21 1 8 30 7 1 7 17 2 15 685 American Goldfinch 69 91 17 45 27 30 92 53 139 123 74 53 165 74 162 278 279 150 101 124 76 37 55 686 Evening Grosbeak 38 5 3 18 11 33 216 5 43 1 15 138 246 1 24 22 8 687 House Sparrow 23 30 31 3 3 5 22 6 18 70 26 15 61 100 81 224 142 124 108 174 109 64 64 100

# of species 70 69 66 65 61 61 63 55 73 70 65 69 68 69 73 79 75 77 74 78 74 59 55 53 # of individuals 4019 13962 2461 5393 3344 3970 3687 2875 5285 5179 3853 4149 4732 7383 3929 12164 5344 7782 33926 14033 #### 3781 2975 9637 Christmas Bird Count Data

AOU # Species 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 # of CBC 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 3 Common Loon 6 Pied-billed Grebe 1 2 2 3 1 7 Horned Grebe 1 1 46 Double-crested Cormorant 54 American Bittern 56 Great Blue Heron 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 63 Green Heron 64 Black-crowned Night Heron 71 Black Vulture 3 9 6 1 3 33 1 3 4 19 8 8 52 8 22 2 72 Turkey Vulture 4 8 35 21 3 4 6 8 30 42 5 20 41 10 14 81 66 12 60 64 77 Tundra Swan 81 Snow Goose 1 1 85 Canada Goose 86 Wood Duck 1 87 Green-winged Teal 1 4 1 8 3 8 3 1 88 American Black Duck 2 7 2 3 3 3 7 1 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 37 90 Mallard 4 13 8 31 12 8 6 34 21 76 61 59 14 19 33 17 6 3 1 91 Northern Pintail 1 92 Blue-winged Teal 1 94 Northern Shoveler 95 Gadwall 97 American Wigeon 1 1 2 98 Canvasback 99 Redhead 100 Ring-necked Duck 1 102 Greater Scaup 103 Lesser Scaup 1 1 113 Common Goldeneye 115 Bufflehead 116 Hooded Merganser 4 117 Common Merganser 118 Red-breasted Merganser 120 Ruddy Duck 1 126 Bald Eagle 127 Northern Harrier 1 1 128 Sharp-shinned Hawk 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 129 Cooper's Hawk 1 1 1 1 134 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 1 1 2 140 Red-tailed Hawk 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 1 2 2 142 Rough-legged Hawk 143 Golden Eagle 145 American Kestrel 1 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 6 2 2 4 2 1 6 5 9 4 146 Merlin 147 Peregrine Falcon 1 1 153 Ring-necked Pheasant AOU # Species 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 # of CBC 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 154 Ruffed Grouse 1 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 164 Wild Turkey 166 Northern Bobwhite 46 63 82 69 67 16 73 57 39 16 14 31 41 8 38 15 14 25 6 62 3 179 American Coot 1 1 191 Killdeer 20 13 6 4 2 10 16 3 9 11 5 32 5 12 12 12 11 6 1 1 2 230 Common Snipe 4 4 8 12 6 8 4 1 4 12 4 1 3 4 5 2 10 4 4 5 4 231 American Woodcock 1 242 Bonaparte's Gull 245 Ring-billed Gull 247 Herring Gull 297 Rock Dove 305 Mourning Dove 150 15 120 110 51 300 310 71 100 52 73 103 1 25 123 84 96 50 10 81 316 Barn Owl 318 Eastern Screech-Owl 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 321 Great Horned Owl 1 2 329 Barred Owl 1 331 Long-eared Owl 1 332 Short-eared Owl 363 Belted Kingfisher 6 6 3 6 3 8 5 4 3 6 2 6 4 6 4 5 3 3 2 1 2 366 Red-headed Woodpecker 1 2 1 9 1 1 1 10 3 3 370 Red-bellied Woodpecker 14 18 11 5 14 31 14 14 14 8 15 11 7 14 14 12 12 13 7 9 8 371 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 3 2 3 3 1 1 4 1 2 9 1 2 1 1 7 4 1 3 6 4 377 Downy Woodpecker 28 17 20 16 35 31 25 28 17 19 22 25 18 14 15 33 18 15 21 17 9 378 Hairy Woodpecker 2 1 3 7 7 7 4 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 2 3 386 Northern Flicker 5 6 9 6 2 3 6 4 5 4 5 3 4 3 7 9 11 11 8 9 387 Pileated Woodpecker 17 10 12 15 13 26 14 13 9 10 9 9 6 10 7 6 16 9 9 6 7 405 Eastern Phoebe 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 1 6 4 5 9 4 3 4 7 425 Loggerhead Shrike 2 6 6 6 6 7 5 5 2 3 4 2 3 6 7 4 9 6 5 5 5 441 Blue Jay 82 28 97 90 37 54 43 210 25 8 40 63 16 140 14 19 38 131 23 11 17 452 American Crow 200 190 170 3800 1200 200 160 390 220 487 225 170 220 411 1332 473 401 558 443 269 233 454 Fish Crow 1 456 Common Raven 2 3 1 2 5 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 458 Horned Lark 19 21 7 40 36 39 15 150 26 62 13 27 28 6 55 7 34 14 72 30 467 Black-capped Chickadee 20 13 7 5 7 3 17 77 4 1 1 3 3 48 2 2 2 468 Carolina Chickadee 73 60 61 38 55 70 63 63 13 33 29 51 64 39 46 60 73 87 83 93 86 477 Tufted Titmouse 55 47 43 55 57 64 70 31 32 20 42 28 19 24 68 43 19 49 24 28 37 480 Red-breasted Nuthatch 2 4 2 7 3 1 1 3 481 White-breasted Nuthatch 20 8 20 8 6 17 11 23 12 4 4 2 12 10 22 30 13 9 18 14 484 Brown Creeper 6 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 5 6 488 Carolina Wren 9 7 13 1 4 11 5 7 4 4 9 31 15 34 35 40 32 38 26 16 19 490 House Wren 1 491 Winter Wren 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 4 1 1 2 3 4 7 495 Golden-crowned Kinglet 9 32 6 4 1 5 1 2 3 15 2 4 4 5 11 2 20 17 23 36 496 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 503 Eastern Bluebird 13 6 3 1 4 2 31 23 39 28 24 41 41 20 35 50 510 Swainson's Thrush 511 Hermit Thrush 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 5 1 3 4 514 American Robin 1 26 3600 16 1 520 61 12 18 2 179 7 18 2 1 AOU # Species 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 # of CBC 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 517 Gray Catbird 518 Northern Mockingbird 79 75 75 52 59 82 100 90 27 32 56 51 41 38 209 67 33 54 29 30 17 520 Brown Thrasher 1 1 1 527 European Starling 5700 1300 1200 2600 830 1800 8000 1300 1600 541 2146 488 939 903 495 7309 1222 523 539 466 406 530 American Pipit 3 533 Cedar Waxwing 12 85 24 3 16 69 5 33 23 16 38 550 Yellow-rumped Warbler 6 2 8 1 6 1 1 13 13 14 8 23 4 6 16 26 4 20 559 Pine Warbler 3 1 562 Palm Warbler 1 592 Eastern Towhee 5 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 603 American Tree Sparrow 13 8 3 49 19 27 17 4 200 6 6 28 12 30 12 58 40 4 51 67 175 604 Chipping Sparrow 607 Field Sparrow 40 44 11 6 10 20 56 16 8 23 17 30 54 6 28 35 26 1 40 32 110 609 Vesper Sparrow 614 Savannah Sparrow 622 Fox Sparrow 2 3 1 1 623 Song Sparrow 61 45 11 41 9 70 15 30 20 25 31 30 24 57 51 50 29 19 49 30 28 625 Swamp Sparrow 1 626 White-throated Sparrow 100 37 59 57 83 77 110 50 100 99 64 164 108 72 197 129 43 92 150 90 223 627 Harris's Sparrow 628 White-crowned Sparrow 13 6 13 35 25 22 1 7 29 18 18 5 22 40 11 25 67 15 2 630 Dark-eyed Junco 320 520 210 110 310 330 160 360 300 219 254 176 143 220 371 249 234 120 268 204 437 638 Northern Cardinal 180 140 93 66 130 190 87 140 190 279 176 114 104 92 124 112 172 221 148 136 156 650 Red-winged Blackbird 11 2 6 1 652 Eastern Meadowlark 35 38 41 65 26 110 10 59 76 15 14 69 23 44 63 16 2 79 31 17 32 655 Rusty Blackbird 120 9 210 2 20 13 154 35 11 1 2 657 Common Grackle 2 3 1 1 662 Brown-headed Cowbird 25 7 675 Purple Finch 11 20 47 48 63 29 26 28 12 20 58 200 67 30 4 43 13 19 7 16 3 677 House Finch 678 Red Crossbill 682 Pine Siskin 2 2 685 American Goldfinch 40 38 28 35 74 130 30 12 1 7 2 53 30 57 40 50 57 54 75 97 42 686 Evening Grosbeak 8 3 33 5 34 3 14 4 22 687 House Sparrow 180 63 650 200 360 340 210 310 280 179 272 180 136 252 185 371 241 233 77 101 90

# of species 53 50 56 59 53 54 55 52 44 55 52 53 55 48 53 54 53 55 56 50 52 # of individuals 7603 2959 3320 11525 3704 4409 10324 3455 3673 2333 3891 2592 2293 2943 3715 9552 3255 2774 2308 2217 2474 Christmas Bird Count Data

AOU # Species 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 # of CBC 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 3 Common Loon cw 6 Pied-billed Grebe 1 1 7 Horned Grebe 1 1 46 Double-crested Cormorant 54 American Bittern 56 Great Blue Heron 3 1 1 1 1 1 63 Green Heron 64 Black-crowned Night Heron 71 Black Vulture 23 5 17 4 63 15 9 2 92 3 10 3 72 Turkey Vulture 50 19 13 20 24 36 3 12 81 3 89 51 8 17 45 17 6 27 14 77 Tundra Swan 81 Snow Goose 85 Canada Goose 86 Wood Duck 1 87 Green-winged Teal 2 7 10 10 10 3 8 2 1 88 American Black Duck 15 2 9 11 6 11 15 9 9 1 2 1 5 3 90 Mallard 13 3 43 12 9 15 2 1 2 91 Northern Pintail 1 92 Blue-winged Teal 94 Northern Shoveler 95 Gadwall 1 3 97 American Wigeon 2 1 98 Canvasback 99 Redhead 100 Ring-necked Duck 102 Greater Scaup 103 Lesser Scaup 113 Common Goldeneye 1 115 Bufflehead 116 Hooded Merganser 4 1 117 Common Merganser 118 Red-breasted Merganser 120 Ruddy Duck 126 Bald Eagle 127 Northern Harrier 2 1 128 Sharp-shinned Hawk 2 2 1 2 1 1 129 Cooper's Hawk 3 1 2 1 1 1 134 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 2 2 1 140 Red-tailed Hawk 4 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 142 Rough-legged Hawk 143 Golden Eagle 145 American Kestrel 7 2 4 1 4 3 1 4 5 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 146 Merlin 147 Peregrine Falcon 153 Ring-necked Pheasant AOU # Species 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 # of CBC 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 154 Ruffed Grouse 5 164 Wild Turkey 166 Northern Bobwhite 8 31 14 17 12 16 10 7 25 12 19 179 American Coot 191 Killdeer 9 3 1 2 2 1 6 5 2 1 1 3 5 6 5 230 Common Snipe 4 1 1 3 1 231 American Woodcock 2 1 242 Bonaparte's Gull 245 Ring-billed Gull 247 Herring Gull 297 Rock Dove 18 33 24 305 Mourning Dove 24 4 12 18 3 12 2 3 3 33 26 1 3 316 Barn Owl 1 318 Eastern Screech-Owl 2 1 1 2 321 Great Horned Owl 1 1 329 Barred Owl 331 Long-eared Owl 332 Short-eared Owl 2 363 Belted Kingfisher 2 3 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 366 Red-headed Woodpecker 1 1 1 1 370 Red-bellied Woodpecker 2 3 3 6 2 2 3 4 1 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 371 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 1 5 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 377 Downy Woodpecker 12 4 10 10 8 1 6 7 12 3 2 4 14 10 7 6 5 1 7 7 378 Hairy Woodpecker 1 1 4 1 1 2 3 2 386 Northern Flicker 5 2 17 6 2 4 2 1 1 387 Pileated Woodpecker 6 3 5 4 4 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 4 1 2 1 405 Eastern Phoebe 5 3 3 1 2 2 3 425 Loggerhead Shrike 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 441 Blue Jay 13 15 7 8 10 1 15 4 3 2 1 5 3 5 3 8 1 452 American Crow 86 132 176 160 109 80 454 Fish Crow 3 456 Common Raven 2 1 3 1 2 2 458 Horned Lark 9 6 57 65 36 1 24 1 17 75 2 1 18 40 240 20 467 Black-capped Chickadee 1 2 5 2 10 468 Carolina Chickadee 73 32 19 44 12 10 6 22 29 17 21 10 17 4 477 Tufted Titmouse 37 16 13 29 4 15 14 4 6 4 18 12 18 14 28 18 18 5 8 8 480 Red-breasted Nuthatch 2 481 White-breasted Nuthatch 12 6 5 10 4 1 3 4 6 2 3 8 1 7 4 1 5 2 4 2 484 Brown Creeper 2 2 3 1 3 2 488 Carolina Wren 26 10 8 17 12 3 5 9 12 3 7 9 17 8 7 3 3 1 5 490 House Wren 491 Winter Wren 6 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 495 Golden-crowned Kinglet 7 6 3 32 8 14 16 5 8 6 17 5 5 10 12 496 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 1 1 503 Eastern Bluebird 24 15 39 33 26 33 18 17 32 6 9 16 40 10 40 12 3 5 510 Swainson's Thrush 1 511 Hermit Thrush 1 1 6 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 514 American Robin 1 3 1 9 200 2 2 1 50 2 4 AOU # Species 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 # of CBC 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 517 Gray Catbird 518 Northern Mockingbird 25 9 17 14 20 4 6 10 13 2 5 13 9 9 8 2 7 4 520 Brown Thrasher 527 European Starling 356 45 282 467 182 278 54 277 83 24 79 534 163 685 77 450 130 50 75 175 530 American Pipit 533 Cedar Waxwing 15 41 33 550 Yellow-rumped Warbler 14 40 19 20 2 15 5 11 2 24 34 9 559 Pine Warbler 562 Palm Warbler 592 Eastern Towhee 1 1 603 American Tree Sparrow 86 52 17 13 53 25 52 46 5 61 103 45 38 61 26 4 26 300 604 Chipping Sparrow 607 Field Sparrow 40 4 10 12 10 1 10 5 6 609 Vesper Sparrow 614 Savannah Sparrow 622 Fox Sparrow 2 623 Song Sparrow 26 15 13 17 11 3 2 35 35 3 8 15 14 16 8 12 9 18 2 12 625 Swamp Sparrow 3 626 White-throated Sparrow 96 122 78 27 43 49 9 6 19 7 6 18 23 19 9 3 8 22 3 1 627 Harris's Sparrow 628 White-crowned Sparrow 1 2 3 4 3 3 2 630 Dark-eyed Junco 310 100 103 122 193 98 130 164 183 56 110 106 237 72 111 73 85 3 50 200 638 Northern Cardinal 108 44 52 58 59 47 70 45 57 2 107 69 36 44 49 22 19 12 13 19 650 Red-winged Blackbird 652 Eastern Meadowlark 2 11 53 9 655 Rusty Blackbird 2 657 Common Grackle 662 Brown-headed Cowbird 675 Purple Finch 5 13 2 2 2 30 4 6 2 677 House Finch 678 Red Crossbill 682 Pine Siskin 685 American Goldfinch 10 7 28 49 23 46 2 6 12 2 30 32 2 8 40 31 2 686 Evening Grosbeak 687 House Sparrow 146 66 46 160 94 76 27 49 69 27 25 83 205 45 25 70 75 200

# of species 50 42 43 38 39 40 35 38 34 28 30 37 37 40 38 43 38 18 31 30 # of individuals 1668 823 1161 1337 933 957 484 843 732 403 686 1192 979 1158 747 1068 905 145 290 1016 Christmas Bird Count Data

AOU # Species 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 # of CBC 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 3 Common Loon 6 Pied-billed Grebe 7 Horned Grebe 46 Double-crested Cormorant 54 American Bittern 56 Great Blue Heron 63 Green Heron 64 Black-crowned Night Heron 71 Black Vulture 5 6 5 72 Turkey Vulture 35 5 9 17 77 Tundra Swan 81 Snow Goose 85 Canada Goose 86 Wood Duck 87 Green-winged Teal 88 American Black Duck 90 Mallard 91 Northern Pintail 92 Blue-winged Teal 94 Northern Shoveler 95 Gadwall 97 American Wigeon 98 Canvasback 99 Redhead 100 Ring-necked Duck 102 Greater Scaup 103 Lesser Scaup 113 Common Goldeneye 115 Bufflehead 116 Hooded Merganser 117 Common Merganser 118 Red-breasted Merganser 120 Ruddy Duck 126 Bald Eagle 127 Northern Harrier 128 Sharp-shinned Hawk 129 Cooper's Hawk 134 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 140 Red-tailed Hawk 142 Rough-legged Hawk 143 Golden Eagle 145 American Kestrel 146 Merlin 147 Peregrine Falcon 153 Ring-necked Pheasant AOU # Species 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 # of CBC 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 154 Ruffed Grouse 164 Wild Turkey 166 Northern Bobwhite 8 179 American Coot 191 Killdeer 2 230 Common Snipe 231 American Woodcock 242 Bonaparte's Gull 245 Ring-billed Gull 247 Herring Gull 297 Rock Dove 305 Mourning Dove 20 316 Barn Owl 318 Eastern Screech-Owl 321 Great Horned Owl 329 Barred Owl 331 Long-eared Owl 332 Short-eared Owl 363 Belted Kingfisher 1 2 366 Red-headed Woodpecker 12 370 Red-bellied Woodpecker 3 1 371 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 2 1 377 Downy Woodpecker 3 3 3 4 378 Hairy Woodpecker 1 1 2 386 Northern Flicker 3 12 5 387 Pileated Woodpecker 1 2 405 Eastern Phoebe 1 425 Loggerhead Shrike 1 1 441 Blue Jay 12 3 452 American Crow 454 Fish Crow 456 Common Raven 458 Horned Lark 30 467 Black-capped Chickadee 468 Carolina Chickadee 10 477 Tufted Titmouse 8 7 3 480 Red-breasted Nuthatch 481 White-breasted Nuthatch 1 4 484 Brown Creeper 1 488 Carolina Wren 7 5 5 5 490 House Wren 491 Winter Wren 3 1 495 Golden-crowned Kinglet 4 10 30 15 496 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 1 503 Eastern Bluebird 8 4 510 Swainson's Thrush 511 Hermit Thrush 1 514 American Robin 50 AOU # Species 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 # of CBC 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 517 Gray Catbird 518 Northern Mockingbird 2 1 1 1 520 Brown Thrasher 527 European Starling 200 65 11 12 530 American Pipit 533 Cedar Waxwing 550 Yellow-rumped Warbler 559 Pine Warbler 562 Palm Warbler 592 Eastern Towhee 603 American Tree Sparrow 6 20 2 604 Chipping Sparrow 607 Field Sparrow 1 609 Vesper Sparrow 614 Savannah Sparrow 622 Fox Sparrow 623 Song Sparrow 10 6 6 6 625 Swamp Sparrow 626 White-throated Sparrow 6 2 2 627 Harris's Sparrow 628 White-crowned Sparrow 630 Dark-eyed Junco 35 30 45 8 638 Northern Cardinal 6 6 10 2 650 Red-winged Blackbird 652 Eastern Meadowlark 655 Rusty Blackbird 657 Common Grackle 662 Brown-headed Cowbird 675 Purple Finch 20 6 677 House Finch 678 Red Crossbill 682 Pine Siskin 685 American Goldfinch 8 10 686 Evening Grosbeak 687 House Sparrow

# of species 24 25 19 21 # of individuals 411 234 137 170 Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Count Name: Lexington Count Code: VALE Latitude/Longitude: 37.8480420000/-79.4769250000

Weather

Year Low Temp. High Temp. AM Clouds PM Clouds AM Rain PM Rain AM Snow PM Snow 115 26.0 40.0 Partly Partly Fahrenheit Fahrenheit Cloudy Cloudy 114 42.0 63.0 Partly Partly None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit Cloudy Cloudy 113 33.0 45.0 Cloudy Cloudy None None Light None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 112 31.0 52.0 Clear Clear None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 111 28.0 38.0 Cloudy Cloudy None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 110 33.0 40.0 Foggy Foggy None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 109 18.0 40.0 Cloudy Cloudy None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 108 32.0 45.0 Clear Clear None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 107 32.0 50.0 Local Fog Local Fog Light None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit 106 34.0 47.0 Partly Partly None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit Cloudy Cloudy 105 2.0 45.0 Cloudy Cloudy None None None None Fahrenheit Fahrenheit

Effort

Year Count Date Num. Participants Num. Hours Num. Species Reported 115 12/20/2014 28 74.50 73 114 12/21/2013 40 72.75 80 113 12/26/2012 25 52.50 72 112 12/26/2011 24 73.25 74 111 12/26/2010 10 46.00 71 110 12/26/2009 25 55.25 76 109 12/26/2008 16 72.00 72 108 12/26/2007 27 46.25 74 107 12/26/2006 24 49.75 72 106 12/26/2005 22 58.00 78 105 12/26/2004 22 56.00 71

Page 1 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Sponsoring Organization

Year Sponsoring Organization 115 Rockbridge Bird Club 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105

Checklist

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Canada Goose Number: 318 60 [Branta canadensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 5.6786 1.0345 Flags: Tundra Swan Number: 1 [Cygnus columbianus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 Flags: US, Wood Duck Number: [Aix sponsa] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Gadwall Number: [Anas strepera] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: American Wigeon Number: [Anas americana] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: American Black Duck Number: 47 8 [Anas rubripes] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.8393 0.1379 Flags:

Page 2 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Canada Goose 380 299 332 [Branta canadensis] 7.6382 6.4649 4.6111 HC, Tundra Swan [Cygnus columbianus]

Wood Duck 2 [Aix sponsa] 0.0432

Gadwall 11 7 17 [Anas strepera] 0.2211 0.1514 0.2361 HC, American Wigeon [Anas americana]

American Black Duck 14 9 23 [Anas rubripes] 0.2814 0.1946 0.3194

Page 3 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Canada Goose 397 338 274 [Branta canadensis] 7.1855 7.3478 3.7406 HC, Tundra Swan [Cygnus columbianus]

Wood Duck 1 [Aix sponsa] 0.0137 US, Gadwall 27 36 4 [Anas strepera] 0.4887 0.7826 0.0546 HC, HC, American Wigeon [Anas americana]

American Black Duck 2 6 12 [Anas rubripes] 0.0362 0.1304 0.1638

Page 4 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Canada Goose 330 236 484 [Branta canadensis] 6.2857 3.2440 6.4966 HC, Tundra Swan [Cygnus columbianus]

Wood Duck 2 [Aix sponsa] 0.0275

Gadwall 10 30 20 [Anas strepera] 0.1905 0.4124 0.2685

American Wigeon 1 [Anas americana] 0.0137 US, American Black Duck 7 11 3 [Anas rubripes] 0.1333 0.1512 0.0403

Page 5 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Mallard Number: 281 541 [Anas platyrhynchos] Num/Party Hrs.: 5.0179 9.3276 Flags: HC, Northern Shoveler Number: [Anas clypeata] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Northern Pintail Number: [Anas acuta] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Green-winged Teal Number: 14 [Anas crecca] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2414 Flags: Green-winged Teal (American) Number: [Anas crecca carolinensis] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Redhead Number: [Aythya americana] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Ring-necked Duck Number: 23 [Aythya collaris] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.4107 Flags: Greater Scaup Number: 2 [Aythya marila] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0345 Flags: Lesser Scaup Number: [Aythya affinis] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Bufflehead Number: [Bucephala albeola] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Common Goldeneye Number: [Bucephala clangula] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags:

Page 6 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Mallard 110 88 109 [Anas platyrhynchos] 2.2111 1.9027 1.5139

Northern Shoveler 1 1 6 [Anas clypeata] 0.0201 0.0216 0.0833 US, Northern Pintail 2 [Anas acuta] 0.0278 US, Green-winged Teal [Anas crecca]

Green-winged Teal (American) 9 8 [Anas crecca carolinensis] 0.1809 0.1111

Redhead [Aythya americana]

Ring-necked Duck 1 9 21 [Aythya collaris] 0.0201 0.1946 0.2917

Greater Scaup [Aythya marila]

Lesser Scaup [Aythya affinis]

Bufflehead [Bucephala albeola]

Common Goldeneye [Bucephala clangula]

Page 7 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Mallard 45 146 65 [Anas platyrhynchos] 0.8145 3.1739 0.8874

Northern Shoveler [Anas clypeata]

Northern Pintail 1 [Anas acuta] 0.0217 US, Green-winged Teal [Anas crecca]

Green-winged Teal (American) 2 [Anas crecca carolinensis] 0.0362

Redhead 2 [Aythya americana] 0.0435 US, Ring-necked Duck 30 15 [Aythya collaris] 0.5430 0.2048 HC, Greater Scaup [Aythya marila]

Lesser Scaup [Aythya affinis]

Bufflehead cw [Bucephala albeola] 0.0000

Common Goldeneye [Bucephala clangula]

Page 8 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Mallard 52 46 61 [Anas platyrhynchos] 0.9905 0.6323 0.8188

Northern Shoveler [Anas clypeata]

Northern Pintail [Anas acuta]

Green-winged Teal [Anas crecca]

Green-winged Teal (American) [Anas crecca carolinensis]

Redhead 1 [Aythya americana] 0.0134 US, Ring-necked Duck [Aythya collaris]

Greater Scaup [Aythya marila]

Lesser Scaup 1 [Aythya affinis] 0.0190 US, Bufflehead 1 [Bucephala albeola] 0.0134 US, Common Goldeneye 1 [Bucephala clangula] 0.0137 US,

Page 9 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Hooded Merganser Number: 21 12 [Lophodytes cucullatus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.3750 0.2069 Flags: HC, Common Merganser Number: [Mergus merganser] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Ruddy Duck Number: 1 [Oxyura jamaicensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0172 Flags: Ruffed Grouse Number: 1 [Bonasa umbellus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 Flags: Wild Turkey Number: 11 10 [Meleagris gallopavo] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1964 0.1724 Flags: Common Loon Number: [Gavia immer] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Pied-billed Grebe Number: 2 [Podilymbus podiceps] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0345 Flags: Horned Grebe Number: [Podiceps auritus] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Double-crested Cormorant Number: [Phalacrocorax auritus] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Great Blue Heron (Blue form) Number: 14 10 [Ardea herodias [herodias Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2500 0.1724 Group]] Flags: Black Vulture Number: 122 91 [Coragyps atratus] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.1786 1.5690 Flags:

Page 10 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Hooded Merganser 27 75 24 [Lophodytes cucullatus] 0.5427 1.6216 0.3333 HC, HC, Common Merganser 2 [Mergus merganser] 0.0278 US, Ruddy Duck [Oxyura jamaicensis]

Ruffed Grouse 1 [Bonasa umbellus] 0.0201

Wild Turkey 6 24 8 [Meleagris gallopavo] 0.1206 0.5189 0.1111 HC, Common Loon 2 [Gavia immer] 0.0432 US, Pied-billed Grebe 1 1 7 [Podilymbus podiceps] 0.0201 0.0216 0.0972

Horned Grebe 2 [Podiceps auritus] 0.0432

Double-crested Cormorant 1 [Phalacrocorax auritus] 0.0139 US, Great Blue Heron (Blue form) 10 17 19 [Ardea herodias [herodias 0.2010 0.3676 0.2639 Group]]

Black Vulture 44 29 134 [Coragyps atratus] 0.8844 0.6270 1.8611

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2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Hooded Merganser 26 9 45 [Lophodytes cucullatus] 0.4706 0.1957 0.6143

Common Merganser 6 12 [Mergus merganser] 0.1086 0.1638 HC, Ruddy Duck cw 1 [Oxyura jamaicensis] 0.0000 0.0137 US, US, Ruffed Grouse [Bonasa umbellus]

Wild Turkey 10 17 10 [Meleagris gallopavo] 0.1810 0.3696 0.1365

Common Loon [Gavia immer]

Pied-billed Grebe 10 3 [Podilymbus podiceps] 0.1810 0.0410

Horned Grebe [Podiceps auritus]

Double-crested Cormorant [Phalacrocorax auritus]

Great Blue Heron (Blue form) 10 8 18 [Ardea herodias [herodias 0.1810 0.1739 0.2457 Group]]

Black Vulture 26 91 129 [Coragyps atratus] 0.4706 1.9783 1.7611

Page 12 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Hooded Merganser 64 5 162 [Lophodytes cucullatus] 1.2190 0.0687 2.1745 LC, HC, Common Merganser 7 40 43 [Mergus merganser] 0.1333 0.5498 0.5772 US, HC, US,HC, Ruddy Duck 1 6 [Oxyura jamaicensis] 0.0137 0.0805 US, US,HC, Ruffed Grouse [Bonasa umbellus]

Wild Turkey 8 15 7 [Meleagris gallopavo] 0.1524 0.2062 0.0940

Common Loon 1 [Gavia immer] 0.0134 US, Pied-billed Grebe 6 9 7 [Podilymbus podiceps] 0.1143 0.1237 0.0940

Horned Grebe [Podiceps auritus]

Double-crested Cormorant [Phalacrocorax auritus]

Great Blue Heron (Blue form) 16 15 16 [Ardea herodias [herodias 0.3048 0.2062 0.2148 Group]]

Black Vulture 34 88 79 [Coragyps atratus] 0.6476 1.2096 1.0604

Page 13 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Turkey Vulture Number: 159 180 [Cathartes aura] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.8393 3.1034 Flags: Golden Eagle Number: 1 [Aquila chrysaetos] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 Flags: US, Northern Harrier Number: 1 2 [Circus cyaneus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 0.0345 Flags: Sharp-shinned Hawk Number: 2 1 [Accipiter striatus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0172 Flags: Cooper's Hawk Number: 4 2 [Accipiter cooperii] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0714 0.0345 Flags: HC, Accipiter sp. Number: 2 [Accipiter sp.] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0345 Flags: Bald Eagle Number: 3 3 [Haliaeetus leucocephalus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0536 0.0517 Flags: HC, Red-shouldered Hawk Number: 2 2 [Buteo lineatus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0345 Flags: Red-tailed Hawk Number: 46 31 [Buteo jamaicensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.8214 0.5345 Flags: HC, Rough-legged Hawk Number: [Buteo lagopus] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: American Coot Number: [Fulica americana] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags:

Page 14 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Turkey Vulture 143 144 78 [Cathartes aura] 2.8744 3.1135 1.0833

Golden Eagle [Aquila chrysaetos]

Northern Harrier 3 1 1 [Circus cyaneus] 0.0603 0.0216 0.0139

Sharp-shinned Hawk 2 1 5 [Accipiter striatus] 0.0402 0.0216 0.0694

Cooper's Hawk 3 5 2 [Accipiter cooperii] 0.0603 0.1081 0.0278 HC, Accipiter sp. 2 1 [Accipiter sp.] 0.0402 0.0216

Bald Eagle 3 2 1 [Haliaeetus leucocephalus] 0.0603 0.0432 0.0139

Red-shouldered Hawk 2 7 4 [Buteo lineatus] 0.0402 0.1514 0.0556 HC, Red-tailed Hawk 35 30 24 [Buteo jamaicensis] 0.7035 0.6486 0.3333

Rough-legged Hawk 1 [Buteo lagopus] 0.0216 US, American Coot 1 [Fulica americana] 0.0139 US,

Page 15 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Turkey Vulture 46 221 367 [Cathartes aura] 0.8326 4.8043 5.0102 HC, Golden Eagle [Aquila chrysaetos]

Northern Harrier 2 1 [Circus cyaneus] 0.0435 0.0137

Sharp-shinned Hawk 5 5 5 [Accipiter striatus] 0.0905 0.1087 0.0683

Cooper's Hawk 5 4 3 [Accipiter cooperii] 0.0905 0.0870 0.0410

Accipiter sp. 1 1 1 [Accipiter sp.] 0.0181 0.0217 0.0137

Bald Eagle 2 3 2 [Haliaeetus leucocephalus] 0.0362 0.0652 0.0273

Red-shouldered Hawk 2 8 11 [Buteo lineatus] 0.0362 0.1739 0.1502 HC, HC, Red-tailed Hawk 16 21 46 [Buteo jamaicensis] 0.2896 0.4565 0.6280

Rough-legged Hawk 1 [Buteo lagopus] 0.0137 US, American Coot 2 2 [Fulica americana] 0.0362 0.0435 US,

Page 16 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Turkey Vulture 235 181 145 [Cathartes aura] 4.4762 2.4880 1.9463

Golden Eagle [Aquila chrysaetos]

Northern Harrier 4 1 2 [Circus cyaneus] 0.0762 0.0137 0.0268 HC, Sharp-shinned Hawk 2 4 1 [Accipiter striatus] 0.0381 0.0550 0.0134

Cooper's Hawk 3 9 2 [Accipiter cooperii] 0.0571 0.1237 0.0268 HC, Accipiter sp. 1 [Accipiter sp.] 0.0190

Bald Eagle 5 7 5 [Haliaeetus leucocephalus] 0.0952 0.0962 0.0671 HC, Red-shouldered Hawk 10 9 8 [Buteo lineatus] 0.1905 0.1237 0.1074

Red-tailed Hawk 19 35 27 [Buteo jamaicensis] 0.3619 0.4811 0.3624

Rough-legged Hawk [Buteo lagopus]

American Coot 4 1 [Fulica americana] 0.0550 0.0134

Page 17 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Killdeer Number: 2 1 [Charadrius vociferus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0172 Flags: Wilson's Snipe Number: 2 10 [Gallinago delicata] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.1724 Flags: American Woodcock Number: [Scolopax minor] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Ring-billed Gull Number: 3 1 [Larus delawarensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0536 0.0172 Flags: Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) Number: 395 657 [Columba livia (Feral Pigeon)] Num/Party Hrs.: 7.0536 11.3276 Flags: Mourning Dove Number: 375 331 [Zenaida macroura] Num/Party Hrs.: 6.6964 5.7069 Flags: Barn Owl Number: cw 2 [Tyto alba] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0000 0.0345 Flags: HC, Eastern Screech-Owl Number: 13 12 [Megascops asio] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2321 0.2069 Flags: Great Horned Owl Number: 1 3 [Bubo virginianus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 0.0517 Flags: Barred Owl Number: 1 [Strix varia] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0179 Flags: Belted Kingfisher Number: 11 12 [Megaceryle alcyon] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1964 0.2069 Flags:

Page 18 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Killdeer 5 [Charadrius vociferus] 0.1081

Wilson's Snipe 2 10 2 [Gallinago delicata] 0.0402 0.2162 0.0278

American Woodcock [Scolopax minor]

Ring-billed Gull [Larus delawarensis]

Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) 230 377 315 [Columba livia (Feral Pigeon)] 4.6231 8.1514 4.3750

Mourning Dove 239 370 249 [Zenaida macroura] 4.8040 8.0000 3.4583

Barn Owl cw [Tyto alba] 0.0000

Eastern Screech-Owl 13 12 15 [Megascops asio] 0.2613 0.2595 0.2083

Great Horned Owl 1 1 [Bubo virginianus] 0.0201 0.0216

Barred Owl 1 [Strix varia] 0.0216

Belted Kingfisher 23 13 16 [Megaceryle alcyon] 0.4623 0.2811 0.2222

Page 19 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Killdeer 3 4 [Charadrius vociferus] 0.0543 0.0870

Wilson's Snipe 1 3 [Gallinago delicata] 0.0217 0.0410

American Woodcock 1 [Scolopax minor] 0.0181

Ring-billed Gull 1 32 [Larus delawarensis] 0.0181 0.4369 US, Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) 112 310 346 [Columba livia (Feral Pigeon)] 2.0271 6.7391 4.7235

Mourning Dove 213 378 141 [Zenaida macroura] 3.8552 8.2174 1.9249

Barn Owl [Tyto alba]

Eastern Screech-Owl 3 8 11 [Megascops asio] 0.0543 0.1739 0.1502

Great Horned Owl cw 1 [Bubo virginianus] 0.0000 0.0137

Barred Owl 1 1 [Strix varia] 0.0181 0.0137

Belted Kingfisher 8 6 11 [Megaceryle alcyon] 0.1448 0.1304 0.1502

Page 20 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Killdeer 6 4 4 [Charadrius vociferus] 0.1143 0.0550 0.0537

Wilson's Snipe 3 3 [Gallinago delicata] 0.0412 0.0403

American Woodcock [Scolopax minor]

Ring-billed Gull [Larus delawarensis]

Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) 124 674 221 [Columba livia (Feral Pigeon)] 2.3619 9.2646 2.9664 HC, Mourning Dove 105 258 413 [Zenaida macroura] 2.0000 3.5464 5.5436

Barn Owl [Tyto alba]

Eastern Screech-Owl 11 18 6 [Megascops asio] 0.2095 0.2474 0.0805

Great Horned Owl 2 2 2 [Bubo virginianus] 0.0381 0.0275 0.0268

Barred Owl 1 1 [Strix varia] 0.0190 0.0137

Belted Kingfisher 18 21 11 [Megaceryle alcyon] 0.3429 0.2887 0.1477

Page 21 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Red-headed Woodpecker Number: [Melanerpes erythrocephalus] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Red-bellied Woodpecker Number: 36 34 [Melanerpes carolinus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.6429 0.5862 Flags: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Number: 20 12 [Sphyrapicus varius] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.3571 0.2069 Flags: Downy Woodpecker Number: 49 43 [Picoides pubescens] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.8750 0.7414 Flags: Hairy Woodpecker Number: 7 10 [Picoides villosus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1250 0.1724 Flags: Northern Flicker (Yellow- Number: 19 19 shafted) Num/Party Hrs.: 0.3393 0.3276 [Colaptes auratus auratus/luteus] Flags: Pileated Woodpecker Number: 19 24 [Dryocopus pileatus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.3393 0.4138 Flags: American Kestrel Number: 18 19 [Falco sparverius] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.3214 0.3276 Flags: Merlin Number: [Falco columbarius] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Eastern Phoebe Number: 7 2 [Sayornis phoebe] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1250 0.0345 Flags: Loggerhead Shrike Number: 1 [Lanius ludovicianus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0172 Flags:

Page 22 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Red-headed Woodpecker [Melanerpes erythrocephalus]

Red-bellied Woodpecker 45 47 51 [Melanerpes carolinus] 0.9045 1.0162 0.7083

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 12 15 19 [Sphyrapicus varius] 0.2412 0.3243 0.2639

Downy Woodpecker 61 43 61 [Picoides pubescens] 1.2261 0.9297 0.8472

Hairy Woodpecker 10 12 13 [Picoides villosus] 0.2010 0.2595 0.1806

Northern Flicker (Yellow- 35 39 34 shafted) 0.7035 0.8432 0.4722 [Colaptes auratus auratus/luteus] Pileated Woodpecker 33 23 30 [Dryocopus pileatus] 0.6633 0.4973 0.4167

American Kestrel 18 9 8 [Falco sparverius] 0.3618 0.1946 0.1111

Merlin [Falco columbarius]

Eastern Phoebe 12 8 9 [Sayornis phoebe] 0.2412 0.1730 0.1250

Loggerhead Shrike [Lanius ludovicianus]

Page 23 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Red-headed Woodpecker [Melanerpes erythrocephalus]

Red-bellied Woodpecker 51 42 70 [Melanerpes carolinus] 0.9231 0.9130 0.9556 HC, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 21 23 23 [Sphyrapicus varius] 0.3801 0.5000 0.3140

Downy Woodpecker 41 35 61 [Picoides pubescens] 0.7421 0.7609 0.8328

Hairy Woodpecker 6 7 9 [Picoides villosus] 0.1086 0.1522 0.1229

Northern Flicker (Yellow- 20 8 20 shafted) 0.3620 0.1739 0.2730 [Colaptes auratus auratus/luteus] Pileated Woodpecker 18 11 20 [Dryocopus pileatus] 0.3258 0.2391 0.2730

American Kestrel 6 6 11 [Falco sparverius] 0.1086 0.1304 0.1502

Merlin 1 [Falco columbarius] 0.0181 US, Eastern Phoebe 12 5 8 [Sayornis phoebe] 0.2172 0.1087 0.1092

Loggerhead Shrike [Lanius ludovicianus]

Page 24 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Red-headed Woodpecker 2 [Melanerpes erythrocephalus] 0.0268 US, Red-bellied Woodpecker 64 83 68 [Melanerpes carolinus] 1.2190 1.1409 0.9128 HC, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 12 19 21 [Sphyrapicus varius] 0.2286 0.2612 0.2819

Downy Woodpecker 48 56 63 [Picoides pubescens] 0.9143 0.7698 0.8456

Hairy Woodpecker 11 20 23 [Picoides villosus] 0.2095 0.2749 0.3087

Northern Flicker (Yellow- 15 31 27 shafted) 0.2857 0.4261 0.3624 [Colaptes auratus auratus/luteus] Pileated Woodpecker 40 36 33 [Dryocopus pileatus] 0.7619 0.4948 0.4430 HC, American Kestrel 6 10 15 [Falco sparverius] 0.1143 0.1375 0.2013

Merlin 1 [Falco columbarius] 0.0137 US, Eastern Phoebe 7 15 10 [Sayornis phoebe] 0.1333 0.2062 0.1342 HC, Loggerhead Shrike [Lanius ludovicianus]

Page 25 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Blue Jay Number: 185 310 [Cyanocitta cristata] Num/Party Hrs.: 3.3036 5.3448 Flags: American Crow Number: 581 1169 [Corvus brachyrhynchos] Num/Party Hrs.: 10.3750 20.1552 Flags: Fish Crow Number: 10 [Corvus ossifragus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1724 Flags: HC, Common Raven Number: 7 11 [Corvus corax] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1250 0.1897 Flags: Horned Lark Number: 1 [Eremophila alpestris] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0172 Flags: Carolina Chickadee Number: 59 68 [Poecile carolinensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 1.0536 1.1724 Flags: Black-capped Chickadee Number: 12 32 [Poecile atricapillus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2143 0.5517 Flags: chickadee sp. Number: 51 49 [Poecile sp.] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.9107 0.8448 Flags: Tufted Titmouse Number: 133 114 [Baeolophus bicolor] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.3750 1.9655 Flags: Red-breasted Nuthatch Number: 2 1 [Sitta canadensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0172 Flags: LC, White-breasted Nuthatch Number: 47 37 [Sitta carolinensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.8393 0.6379 Flags:

Page 26 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Blue Jay 236 453 167 [Cyanocitta cristata] 4.7437 9.7946 2.3194 HC, American Crow 816 1149 1149 [Corvus brachyrhynchos] 16.4020 24.8432 15.9583

Fish Crow 11 5 [Corvus ossifragus] 0.2211 0.1081

Common Raven 12 8 12 [Corvus corax] 0.2412 0.1730 0.1667

Horned Lark [Eremophila alpestris]

Carolina Chickadee 111 79 87 [Poecile carolinensis] 2.2312 1.7081 1.2083

Black-capped Chickadee 25 21 15 [Poecile atricapillus] 0.5025 0.4541 0.2083 chickadee sp. 34 41 8 [Poecile sp.] 0.6834 0.8865 0.1111

Tufted Titmouse 176 101 142 [Baeolophus bicolor] 3.5377 2.1838 1.9722 HC, Red-breasted Nuthatch 2 14 [Sitta canadensis] 0.0402 0.3027

White-breasted Nuthatch 57 48 46 [Sitta carolinensis] 1.1457 1.0378 0.6389

Page 27 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Blue Jay 209 276 228 [Cyanocitta cristata] 3.7828 6.0000 3.1126

American Crow 741 899 1178 [Corvus brachyrhynchos] 13.4118 19.5435 16.0819

Fish Crow 13 5 25 [Corvus ossifragus] 0.2353 0.1087 0.3413 HC, HC, Common Raven 11 14 24 [Corvus corax] 0.1991 0.3043 0.3276 HC, HC, Horned Lark 2 35 [Eremophila alpestris] 0.0362 0.7609

Carolina Chickadee 72 49 98 [Poecile carolinensis] 1.3032 1.0652 1.3379

Black-capped Chickadee 30 62 33 [Poecile atricapillus] 0.5430 1.3478 0.4505 HC, chickadee sp. 79 58 46 [Poecile sp.] 1.4299 1.2609 0.6280

Tufted Titmouse 140 96 134 [Baeolophus bicolor] 2.5339 2.0870 1.8294

Red-breasted Nuthatch 7 [Sitta canadensis] 0.1522

White-breasted Nuthatch 51 30 75 [Sitta carolinensis] 0.9231 0.6522 1.0239 HC,

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2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Blue Jay 258 139 488 [Cyanocitta cristata] 4.9143 1.9107 6.5503 HC, American Crow 719 734 577 [Corvus brachyrhynchos] 13.6952 10.0893 7.7450

Fish Crow 8 181 7 [Corvus ossifragus] 0.1524 2.4880 0.0940 HC, Common Raven 21 20 10 [Corvus corax] 0.4000 0.2749 0.1342

Horned Lark 1 6 [Eremophila alpestris] 0.0190 0.0825

Carolina Chickadee 115 161 131 [Poecile carolinensis] 2.1905 2.2131 1.7584

Black-capped Chickadee 22 25 12 [Poecile atricapillus] 0.4190 0.3436 0.1611 chickadee sp. 33 41 44 [Poecile sp.] 0.6286 0.5636 0.5906

Tufted Titmouse 192 224 153 [Baeolophus bicolor] 3.6571 3.0790 2.0537 HC, HC, Red-breasted Nuthatch 7 [Sitta canadensis] 0.1333

White-breasted Nuthatch 58 79 59 [Sitta carolinensis] 1.1048 1.0859 0.7919 HC,

Page 29 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Brown Creeper Number: 3 2 [Certhia americana] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0536 0.0345 Flags: Winter Wren Number: [Troglodytes hiemalis] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Pacific/Winter Wren Number: 3 4 [Troglodytes Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0536 0.0690 pacificus/hiemalis] Flags: Carolina Wren Number: 95 64 [Thryothorus ludovicianus] Num/Party Hrs.: 1.6964 1.1034 Flags: Golden-crowned Kinglet Number: 126 92 [Regulus satrapa] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.2500 1.5862 Flags: Ruby-crowned Kinglet Number: 10 14 [Regulus calendula] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1786 0.2414 Flags: Eastern Bluebird Number: 108 151 [Sialia sialis] Num/Party Hrs.: 1.9286 2.6034 Flags: Hermit Thrush Number: 12 12 [Catharus guttatus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2143 0.2069 Flags: American Robin Number: 42 1479 [Turdus migratorius] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.7500 25.5000 Flags: LC, Gray Catbird Number: 2 [Dumetella carolinensis] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0345 Flags: US,HC, Brown Thrasher Number: [Toxostoma rufum] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags:

Page 30 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Brown Creeper 4 1 1 [Certhia americana] 0.0804 0.0216 0.0139

Winter Wren [Troglodytes hiemalis]

Pacific/Winter Wren 1 4 2 [Troglodytes 0.0201 0.0865 0.0278 pacificus/hiemalis]

Carolina Wren 123 86 87 [Thryothorus ludovicianus] 2.4724 1.8595 1.2083 HC, Golden-crowned Kinglet 60 22 35 [Regulus satrapa] 1.2060 0.4757 0.4861

Ruby-crowned Kinglet 10 12 13 [Regulus calendula] 0.2010 0.2595 0.1806

Eastern Bluebird 167 148 166 [Sialia sialis] 3.3568 3.2000 2.3056

Hermit Thrush 9 10 22 [Catharus guttatus] 0.1809 0.2162 0.3056

American Robin 70 1616 315 [Turdus migratorius] 1.4070 34.9405 4.3750

Gray Catbird 1 [Dumetella carolinensis] 0.0139 US, Brown Thrasher cw [Toxostoma rufum] 0.0000

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2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Brown Creeper 3 8 1 [Certhia americana] 0.0543 0.1739 0.0137

Winter Wren 4 6 [Troglodytes hiemalis] 0.0870 0.0819

Pacific/Winter Wren 4 [Troglodytes 0.0724 pacificus/hiemalis]

Carolina Wren 71 43 90 [Thryothorus ludovicianus] 1.2851 0.9348 1.2287

Golden-crowned Kinglet 33 52 39 [Regulus satrapa] 0.5973 1.1304 0.5324

Ruby-crowned Kinglet 5 8 6 [Regulus calendula] 0.0905 0.1739 0.0819

Eastern Bluebird 144 121 279 [Sialia sialis] 2.6063 2.6304 3.8089 HC, Hermit Thrush 36 36 29 [Catharus guttatus] 0.6516 0.7826 0.3959

American Robin 2233 94 8405 [Turdus migratorius] 40.4163 2.0435 114.7440

Gray Catbird [Dumetella carolinensis]

Brown Thrasher [Toxostoma rufum]

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2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Brown Creeper 9 3 3 [Certhia americana] 0.1714 0.0412 0.0403

Winter Wren 3 6 4 [Troglodytes hiemalis] 0.0571 0.0825 0.0537

Pacific/Winter Wren [Troglodytes pacificus/hiemalis]

Carolina Wren 103 181 90 [Thryothorus ludovicianus] 1.9619 2.4880 1.2081 HC, Golden-crowned Kinglet 54 162 45 [Regulus satrapa] 1.0286 2.2268 0.6040

Ruby-crowned Kinglet 6 10 3 [Regulus calendula] 0.1143 0.1375 0.0403

Eastern Bluebird 98 157 110 [Sialia sialis] 1.8667 2.1581 1.4765

Hermit Thrush 5 20 8 [Catharus guttatus] 0.0952 0.2749 0.1074

American Robin 112 2539 469 [Turdus migratorius] 2.1333 34.9003 6.2953

Gray Catbird [Dumetella carolinensis]

Brown Thrasher 1 [Toxostoma rufum] 0.0134 US,

Page 33 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 Northern Mockingbird Number: 88 45 [Mimus polyglottos] Num/Party Hrs.: 1.5714 0.7759 Flags: European Starling Number: 754 2872 [Sturnus vulgaris] Num/Party Hrs.: 13.4643 49.5172 Flags: American Pipit Number: [Anthus rubescens] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Cedar Waxwing Number: 15 342 [Bombycilla cedrorum] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2679 5.8966 Flags: LC, Yellow-rumped Warbler Number: 13 191 (Myrtle) Num/Party Hrs.: 0.2321 3.2931 [Setophaga coronata coronata] Flags: LC, American Tree Sparrow Number: 4 [Spizelloides arborea] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0714 Flags: Chipping Sparrow Number: [Spizella passerina] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Field Sparrow Number: 171 28 [Spizella pusilla] Num/Party Hrs.: 3.0536 0.4828 Flags: HC, Fox Sparrow Number: 2 1 [Passerella iliaca] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0172 Flags: Dark-eyed Junco (Slate- Number: 523 250 colored) Num/Party Hrs.: 9.3393 4.3103 [Junco hyemalis hyemalis/carolinensis] Flags: White-crowned Sparrow Number: 37 38 [Zonotrichia leucophrys] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.6607 0.6552 Flags:

Page 34 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 Northern Mockingbird 56 52 47 [Mimus polyglottos] 1.1256 1.1243 0.6528

European Starling 637 3080 2161 [Sturnus vulgaris] 12.8040 66.5946 30.0139

American Pipit [Anthus rubescens]

Cedar Waxwing 19 48 321 [Bombycilla cedrorum] 0.3819 1.0378 4.4583

Yellow-rumped Warbler 58 137 189 (Myrtle) 1.1658 2.9622 2.6250 [Setophaga coronata coronata] American Tree Sparrow [Spizelloides arborea]

Chipping Sparrow 3 [Spizella passerina] 0.0417 US, Field Sparrow 41 15 36 [Spizella pusilla] 0.8241 0.3243 0.5000

Fox Sparrow 2 16 7 [Passerella iliaca] 0.0402 0.3459 0.0972 HC, Dark-eyed Junco (Slate- 338 321 343 colored) 6.7940 6.9405 4.7639 [Junco hyemalis hyemalis/carolinensis] White-crowned Sparrow 28 32 37 [Zonotrichia leucophrys] 0.5628 0.6919 0.5139

Page 35 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 Northern Mockingbird 66 39 67 [Mimus polyglottos] 1.1946 0.8478 0.9147

European Starling 2514 690 5385 [Sturnus vulgaris] 45.5023 15.0000 73.5154

American Pipit 9 18 [Anthus rubescens] 0.1629 0.3913 US,HC, US,HC, Cedar Waxwing 302 cw 240 [Bombycilla cedrorum] 5.4661 0.0000 3.2765

Yellow-rumped Warbler 135 34 360 (Myrtle) 2.4434 0.7391 4.9147 [Setophaga coronata coronata] American Tree Sparrow 1 [Spizelloides arborea] 0.0217

Chipping Sparrow 6 [Spizella passerina] 0.0819 US, Field Sparrow 47 23 62 [Spizella pusilla] 0.8507 0.5000 0.8464

Fox Sparrow 7 11 3 [Passerella iliaca] 0.1267 0.2391 0.0410

Dark-eyed Junco (Slate- 583 542 468 colored) 10.5520 11.7826 6.3891 [Junco hyemalis hyemalis/carolinensis] White-crowned Sparrow 46 52 40 [Zonotrichia leucophrys] 0.8326 1.1304 0.5461

Page 36 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 Northern Mockingbird 54 96 74 [Mimus polyglottos] 1.0286 1.3196 0.9933

European Starling 476 9097 1170 [Sturnus vulgaris] 9.0667 125.0447 15.7047

American Pipit [Anthus rubescens]

Cedar Waxwing 76 29 [Bombycilla cedrorum] 1.0447 0.3893

Yellow-rumped Warbler 77 298 41 (Myrtle) 1.4667 4.0962 0.5503 [Setophaga coronata coronata] American Tree Sparrow 1 [Spizelloides arborea] 0.0137

Chipping Sparrow 14 [Spizella passerina] 0.2667 US, Field Sparrow 69 82 71 [Spizella pusilla] 1.3143 1.1271 0.9530

Fox Sparrow 2 9 3 [Passerella iliaca] 0.0381 0.1237 0.0403

Dark-eyed Junco (Slate- 347 394 602 colored) 6.6095 5.4158 8.0805 [Junco hyemalis hyemalis/carolinensis] White-crowned Sparrow 82 74 168 [Zonotrichia leucophrys] 1.5619 1.0172 2.2550 HC,

Page 37 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 White-throated Sparrow Number: 485 351 [Zonotrichia albicollis] Num/Party Hrs.: 8.6607 6.0517 Flags: Savannah Sparrow Number: [Passerculus sandwichensis] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Song Sparrow Number: 157 67 [Melospiza melodia] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.8036 1.1552 Flags: Swamp Sparrow Number: 2 2 [Melospiza georgiana] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0357 0.0345 Flags: Eastern Towhee Number: 8 23 [Pipilo erythrophthalmus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1429 0.3966 Flags: Northern Cardinal Number: 331 148 [Cardinalis cardinalis] Num/Party Hrs.: 5.9107 2.5517 Flags: Red-winged Blackbird Number: 10 [Agelaius phoeniceus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1724 Flags: Eastern Meadowlark Number: 44 51 [Sturnella magna] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.7857 0.8793 Flags: Rusty Blackbird Number: 40 [Euphagus carolinus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.6897 Flags: HC, Common Grackle Number: 1 [Quiscalus quiscula] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0172 Flags: Brown-headed Cowbird Number: 140 1 [Molothrus ater] Num/Party Hrs.: 2.5000 0.0172 Flags:

Page 38 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 White-throated Sparrow 369 314 447 [Zonotrichia albicollis] 7.4171 6.7892 6.2083

Savannah Sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis]

Song Sparrow 80 63 82 [Melospiza melodia] 1.6080 1.3622 1.1389

Swamp Sparrow 1 [Melospiza georgiana] 0.0201

Eastern Towhee 20 16 24 [Pipilo erythrophthalmus] 0.4020 0.3459 0.3333

Northern Cardinal 208 223 210 [Cardinalis cardinalis] 4.1809 4.8216 2.9167

Red-winged Blackbird 1 [Agelaius phoeniceus] 0.0201

Eastern Meadowlark 2 41 [Sturnella magna] 0.0402 0.5694

Rusty Blackbird [Euphagus carolinus]

Common Grackle 750 3 [Quiscalus quiscula] 15.0754 0.0417 HC, Brown-headed Cowbird 7 1 [Molothrus ater] 0.1407 0.0216

Page 39 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 White-throated Sparrow 582 623 526 [Zonotrichia albicollis] 10.5339 13.5435 7.1809

Savannah Sparrow 2 [Passerculus sandwichensis] 0.0362 US,HC, Song Sparrow 124 81 89 [Melospiza melodia] 2.2443 1.7609 1.2150

Swamp Sparrow 1 3 5 [Melospiza georgiana] 0.0181 0.0652 0.0683

Eastern Towhee 25 12 21 [Pipilo erythrophthalmus] 0.4525 0.2609 0.2867

Northern Cardinal 154 234 178 [Cardinalis cardinalis] 2.7873 5.0870 2.4300

Red-winged Blackbird 13 28 [Agelaius phoeniceus] 0.2353 0.6087

Eastern Meadowlark 37 43 38 [Sturnella magna] 0.6697 0.9348 0.5188

Rusty Blackbird 2 2 [Euphagus carolinus] 0.0362 0.0435

Common Grackle 727 cw cw [Quiscalus quiscula] 13.1584 0.0000 0.0000

Brown-headed Cowbird 53 21 [Molothrus ater] 0.9593 0.2867

Page 40 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 White-throated Sparrow 369 455 443 [Zonotrichia albicollis] 7.0286 6.2543 5.9463

Savannah Sparrow 15 6 [Passerculus sandwichensis] 0.2857 0.0825 US,HC, US, Song Sparrow 91 160 132 [Melospiza melodia] 1.7333 2.1993 1.7718

Swamp Sparrow 11 6 7 [Melospiza georgiana] 0.2095 0.0825 0.0940

Eastern Towhee 2 30 33 [Pipilo erythrophthalmus] 0.0381 0.4124 0.4430 HC, Northern Cardinal 182 212 211 [Cardinalis cardinalis] 3.4667 2.9141 2.8322

Red-winged Blackbird 37 [Agelaius phoeniceus] 0.5086 HC, Eastern Meadowlark 3 12 11 [Sturnella magna] 0.0571 0.1649 0.1477

Rusty Blackbird 50 [Euphagus carolinus] 0.6873

Common Grackle 30 266 [Quiscalus quiscula] 0.5714 3.6564

Brown-headed Cowbird 130 2 [Molothrus ater] 1.7869 0.0268

Page 41 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Year 2004 [105] 2005 [106] Count Date: 12/26/2004 Count Date: 12/26/2005 # Participants: 12 # Participants: 12 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 78 Species Total Hrs.: 56.00 Total Hrs.: 58.00 blackbird sp. Number: [Icteridae sp.] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: House Finch Number: 46 97 [Haemorhous mexicanus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.8214 1.6724 Flags: LC, Purple Finch Number: 77 191 [Haemorhous purpureus] Num/Party Hrs.: 1.3750 3.2931 Flags: Red Crossbill Number: [Loxia curvirostra] Num/Party Hrs.: Flags: Pine Siskin Number: 2 [Spinus pinus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.0345 Flags: American Goldfinch Number: 173 226 [Spinus tristis] Num/Party Hrs.: 3.0893 3.8966 Flags: House Sparrow Number: 11 22 [Passer domesticus] Num/Party Hrs.: 0.1964 0.3793 Flags:

Compiler(s) Year First Name Last Name Email Is Primary Compiler 106 Bob Paxton No 108 Bob Paxton No 105 Dick Rowe [email protected] No 111 Dick Rowe [email protected] Yes 112 Dick Rowe [email protected] Yes 113 Dick Rowe [email protected] Yes 114 Dick Rowe [email protected] Yes 115 Dick Rowe [email protected] Yes 105 George Tolley [email protected] No 108 George Tolley [email protected] No

Page 42 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

2006 [107] 2007 [108] 2008 [109] Count Date: 12/26/2006 Count Date: 12/26/2007 Count Date: 12/26/2008 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 13 # Participants: 17 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 74 # Species Reported: 72 Species Total Hrs.: 49.75 Total Hrs.: 46.25 Total Hrs.: 72.00 blackbird sp. 120 [Icteridae sp.] 2.5946

House Finch 80 203 132 [Haemorhous mexicanus] 1.6080 4.3892 1.8333

Purple Finch 6 190 114 [Haemorhous purpureus] 0.1206 4.1081 1.5833

Red Crossbill 8 [Loxia curvirostra] 0.1730 US, Pine Siskin 3 38 [Spinus pinus] 0.0649 0.5278

American Goldfinch 80 272 297 [Spinus tristis] 1.6080 5.8811 4.1250

House Sparrow 37 15 7 [Passer domesticus] 0.7437 0.3243 0.0972

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2009 [110] 2010 [111] 2011 [112] Count Date: 12/26/2009 Count Date: 12/26/2010 Count Date: 12/26/2011 # Participants: 16 # Participants: 21 # Participants: 5 # Species Reported: 76 # Species Reported: 71 # Species Reported: 74 Species Total Hrs.: 55.25 Total Hrs.: 46.00 Total Hrs.: 73.25 blackbird sp. [Icteridae sp.]

House Finch 131 54 128 [Haemorhous mexicanus] 2.3710 1.1739 1.7474

Purple Finch 34 64 21 [Haemorhous purpureus] 0.6154 1.3913 0.2867

Red Crossbill [Loxia curvirostra]

Pine Siskin cw 1 [Spinus pinus] 0.0000 0.0137

American Goldfinch 140 102 150 [Spinus tristis] 2.5339 2.2174 2.0478

House Sparrow 2 25 [Passer domesticus] 0.0435 0.3413

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2012 [113] 2013 [114] 2014 [115] Count Date: 12/26/2012 Count Date: 12/21/2013 Count Date: 12/20/2014 # Participants: 24 # Participants: 40 # Participants: 27 # Species Reported: 72 # Species Reported: 80 # Species Reported: 73 Species Total Hrs.: 52.50 Total Hrs.: 72.75 Total Hrs.: 74.50 blackbird sp. 250 [Icteridae sp.] 3.4364

House Finch 14 75 110 [Haemorhous mexicanus] 0.2667 1.0309 1.4765

Purple Finch 29 17 24 [Haemorhous purpureus] 0.5524 0.2337 0.3221

Red Crossbill [Loxia curvirostra]

Pine Siskin 2 [Spinus pinus] 0.0381

American Goldfinch 144 219 245 [Spinus tristis] 2.7429 3.0103 3.2886

House Sparrow 1 13 [Passer domesticus] 0.0190 0.1787

Page 45 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

Participants(s) Year First Name Last Name 115 Lisa Beckstrom 115 Bonnie Bernstein 115 Betty Besal 115 Bob Biersack 115 John Burleson 115 Sarah Burleson 115 Lock Cabe 115 Paul Cabe 115 Henry Eichelburger 115 Stanley Heatwole 115 Jerry Jackson 115 Kerry Kilday 115 Paul Moosman 115 Laura Neale 115 Ted Oxendine 115 Steve Richards 115 Wendy Richards 115 Barbara Rowe 115 Dick Rowe 115 Lucy Rowe 115 Ruth Rowe 115 Alexia Smith 115 Marek Smith 115 Bruce Summers 115 George Tolley 115 Lyle Walker 115 Chris Wise 114 Constance Arness 114 Leigh Ann Beavers 114 Lisa Beckstrom 114 Bonnie Bernstein 114 Bob Biersack 114 John Burleson 114 Sarah Burleson 114 Lock Cabe 114 Paul Cabe

Page 46 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

114 Han Cade 114 Jim Dick 114 Ruth Dick 114 Henry Eichelburger 114 Melanie Gupton 114 Ted Judt 114 Kerry Kilday 114 Barry Kinzie 114 Daniel Mapel 114 Gabriel Mapel 114 Deanne Moosman 114 Paul Moosman 114 Kathy Morikawa 114 Laura Neale 114 Ann Olsen 114 Ted Oxendine 114 John Pancake 114 Bob Paxton 114 Sarah Plimpton 114 Steve Richards 114 Wendy Richards 114 Barbara Rowe 114 Dick Rowe 114 Lucy Rowe 114 Ruth Rowe 114 Marek Smith 114 Bruce Summers 114 Gerard Therrien 114 George Tolley 114 Chris Wise 114 Peter Yin 113 Lisa Beckstrom 113 Betty Besal 113 John Burleson 113 Lock Cabe 113 Paul Cabe 113 Henry Eichelburger 113 Kit Huffman

Page 47 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

113 Jerry Jackson 113 Kerry Kilday 113 Joe Kvech 113 Paul Moosman 113 Laura Neale 113 Ann Olsen 113 John Pancake 113 Steve Richards 113 Wendy Richards 113 Marty Rockett 113 Dick Rowe 113 Alexia Smith 113 Roland Stetler 113 Gerard Therrien 113 George Tolley 113 John Vosburgh 113 Penny Warren 112 Bonnie Bernstein 112 Betty Besal 112 Ann Olsen 112 John Pancake 112 Gerard Therrien 111 Leigh Ann Beavers 111 John Burleson 111 Sarah Burleson 111 Han Cabe 111 Lock Cabe 111 Paul Cabe 111 Barbara Coalter 111 Chip Coalter 111 Kerry Kilday 111 Barry Kinzie 111 Teresa Kinzie 111 Laura Neale 111 Bob Paxton 111 Sarah Plimpton 111 Steve Richards 111 Wendy Richards

Page 48 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

111 Dick Rowe 111 Lucy Rowe 111 John Thomson 111 George Tolley 111 Jim Warren 110 Leigh Ann Beavers 110 John Burleson 110 Sarah Burleson 110 Paul Cabe 110 Barbara Coalter 110 Chip Coalter 110 Kerry Kilday 110 Barry Kinzie 110 Bob Paxton 110 Sarah Plimpton 110 Steve Richards 110 Wendy Richards 110 Dick Rowe 110 Lucy Rowe 110 John Thomson 110 George Tolley 109 Leigh Ann Beavers 109 John Burleson 109 Sarah Burleson 109 Paul Cabe 109 Barbara Coalter 109 Chip Coalter 109 Kerry Kilday 109 Barry Kinzie 109 Teresa Kinzie 109 Bob Paxton 109 Sarah Plimpton 109 Steve Richards 109 Wendy Richards 109 Dick Rowe 109 Lucy Rowe 109 John Thomson 109 George Tolley

Page 49 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

108 Leigh Ann Beavers 108 John Burleson 108 Sarah Burleson 108 Paul Cabe 108 Barbara Coalter 108 Chip Coalter 108 Kerry Kilday 108 Barry Kinzie 108 Bob Paxton 108 Sarah Plimpton 108 Wendy Richards 108 Lucy Rowe 108 George Tolley 107 Leigh Ann Beavers 107 John Burleson 107 Sarah Burleson 107 Paul Cabe 107 Barbara Coalter 107 Chip Coalter 107 Barry Kinzie 107 Bob Paxton 107 Sarah Plimpton 107 Wendy Richards 107 Dick Rowe 107 Lucy Rowe 107 George Tolley 106 Leigh Ann Beavers 106 John Burleson 106 Sarah Burleson 106 Paul Cabe 106 Barbara Coalter 106 Chip Coalter 106 Barry Kinzie 106 Bob Paxton 106 Sarah Plimpton 106 Wendy Richards 106 Dick Rowe 106 George Tolley

Page 50 of 51 pages Historical Results By Count Printout Date: 4/25/2016

105 Leigh Ann Beavers 105 John Burleson 105 Paul Cabe 105 Barbara Coalter 105 Chip Coalter 105 Barry Kinzie 105 Bob Paxton 105 Sarah Plimpton 105 Wendy Richards 105 Dick Rowe 105 Lucy Rowe 105 George Tolley

Page 51 of 51 pages