Abbeville Vicinity Were Injured

ABBEVILLE COUNTY Abbeville Vicinity were injured. The culprit was not caught, and the Board of Missions for Abbeville President’s Home of Freedmen decided to move the school McGowan-Barksdale Harbison College NR to the town of Irmo. The President’s Highway 20, North of Abbeville Home of Harbison College is the only Servant Houses NR This two-story brick house was 211 North Street remaining building of the Abbeville built in 1907 as a residence for the Two antebellum servant houses are a campus of the college. president of Harbison College, which part of the Abbeville Historic District. www.nationalregister.sc.gov/abbeville/ was established by the Presbyterian These two houses were associated S10817701010 Church in the U.S.A. The college with an earlier main house, which SI: 8-1.4, 8-5.1 was an outgrowth of Ferguson burned in 1887. It is not known if ELA SI: ELAI 3-3.2, ELAI 4-4.3, ELAI 5-5.1, Academy, an African American these houses were homes to slaves or ELAR 12-12.1, ELAW 6-6.1 school established in Abbeville in the SLP: LP-MAJC-1 tenants. SI: 8-4.1 ELA SI: ELAI 3-3.2, ELAI 4-4.3, ELAI 5-5.1, ELAR 12-12.1, ELAW 6-6.1 SLP: LP-MTP-2 11 St. James A.M.E. Church NR 305 Cherry Street According to tradition St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1867 in a blacksmith shop on Penney Hill. The first pastor was Rev. James T. Baker. The present church building was constructed in 1899; the builder was R.H. Humbert. The brick Gothic Revival building features a square tower topped by an octagonal spire sheathed in patterned metal on the left of the facade. Other distinctive features include lancet windows and brick buttresses. The Aiken Colored Cemetery church is included in the Abbeville Historic District. 1880s. In 1898, Samuel P. Harbison www.nationalregister.sc.gov/abbeville/ of Pennsylvania, a member of the AIKEN COUNTY S10817701004 Presbyterian Church’s Board of Aiken Missions for Freedmen, gave funds SI: 2-4.1, 3-4.6, 5-1.4, 8-1.6 Aiken Colored Cemetery NR STA: TA-MTP-8 for the purchase of property just outside of the town of Abbeville for Florence Street & Hampton Avenue the expansion of Ferguson Academy. Aiken Colored Cemetery, established Second Presbyterian Church NR in 1852 in Aiken, is the principal burial 200 block of Washington Street It was renamed Harbison College for ground for African Americans in the This sanctuary was originally Colored Youth. Harbison and later city. Many of those buried there constructed c. 1906 for Second his widow continued to support were prominent leaders in the city Presbyterian Church and was used by the school financially. In the late and county from the mid-nineteenth that African American congregation nineteenth and early twentieth through the mid-twentieth century. until 1922. Around 1930 it became centuries, the campus was expanded, The cemetery includes the graves the home of Washington Street and several large brick buildings were of slaves, freedmen, Reconstruction Presbyterian Church, another African constructed, including this home politicians and office holders, American congregation. The church for the president. The school was a merchants, bankers, lawyers, doctors, is a brick building with a gable roof. co-educational institution offering a ministers, and educators. It features a square tower on the liberal arts education combined with religious, industrial, and agricultural www.nationalregister.sc.gov/aiken/ right side of the facade and colored S10817702036/index.htm glass windows with diamond-shaped training. In 1910 fires, which were believed to be the work of an arsonist, SI: 1-3.2, 3-3.2, 3-4.1, 3-4.5, 4-6.5, 8-1.4, panes. Second Presbyterian Church 8-4.6, USHC-3.2 is included in the Abbeville Historic destroyed Harbison Hall and damaged ELA SI: ELAI 3-3.2, ELAI 4-4.3, ELAI 5-5.1, District. the rear of the president’s residence. ELAR 12-12.1, ELAW 6-6.1 SI: 2-4.1, 5-4.1 Three students were killed and STA: TA-ANTE-4, TA-MTP-4, TA-MTP-6 ELA SI: ELAI 3-3.2, ELAI 4-4.3, ELAI 5-5.1, several other students and a teacher SLP: LP-MAJC-5 ELAR 12-12.1, ELAW 6-6.1 Aiken Colored Cemetery HM Bath Florence Street & Hampton Avenue SI: 2-1.1, 3-4.6, 3-5.1,3-5.2, 3-5.5, 5-1.1, 5-1.2, 5-1.4, 5-3.2 8-5,1, 8-5.2, 8-5.3, Jefferson High School HM Front This cemetery, established in 170 Flint Street 1852 as a city cemetery, became Pine 8-5.4, 8-6.5, 8-7.2, USHC 3.3, USHC 3.5, USHC 6.2 Front Jefferson High School opened in Lawn Memorial Gardens in 1988. SLP: LP-MAJC-9 1956 as a junior high and high school The only burial ground for African for African-American students of Americans in Aiken until the mid-20th Schofield School HM Beech Island, Belvedere, Graniteville, century, it was laid out by the City of Jackson, Langley-Bath-Clearwater, and Aiken on 4 acres, and later expanded At the school, 220 Sumter Street NE Front This school was founded North Augusta, with Herman W.W. to its present 9.5 acres. In 1892 the Fennell (1910-1996) as principal. city deeded it to the Aiken Cemetery by the Freedmen’s Bureau shortly after the Civil War to educate After county schools desegregated and Burial Association, helping that in 1970 it became Jefferson Junior association maintain the cemetery. freedmen, women, and children. In 1868 Martha Schofield, a Quaker High School, and in 1980 it became Back Pine Lawn Memorial Gardens Jefferson Elementary School. The earliest graves here are of slaves, from Pennsylvania, came to Aiken free blacks, and freedmen from and began her long career as Back Rev. Austin Jefferson, Sr. the mid-to-late 19th century. Many superintendent. The school soon This was one of three African- 12 African Americans prominent in expanded to this two-block site American schools in Aiken County politics, the law, medicine, religion and combined academics with named for Rev. Austin Jefferson, Sr. and education throughout the 20th instruction in industrial, farming, and (1881-1966), longtime advocate for century are buried. The cemetery homemaking skills. The 1897 Schofield education. In 1944 the Langley-Bath also includes the graves of veterans School bulletin declared, “Character Colored School was renamed Jefferson of American wars from the Civil War building is our most important work.” Grammar School in his honor. The to the present. It was listed in the Back Schofield School educated original portion of this school was built National Register of Historic Places in more than 6000 students by 1898. in 1953 as the Jefferson Elementary 2007. Many graduates became teachers School, with Augustus T. Stephens Sponsored by the Aiken County and department heads here; (1903-1992) as principal. Historical Society, 2014 others became successful business Erected by the Jefferson Alumni owners, professionals, farmers, and Association, 2007 Aiken Graded School HM community leaders. In 1940 alumnus SI: 3-5.5, 3-5.6, 5-5.3, 8-1.4, 8-7.4 Corner of Hampton Avenue & Sanford P. Bradby became its first STA: TA-MAJC-2 Kershaw Street African- American superintendent. At Front This park is the site of Aiken first a private and later a public school, Beech Island Graded School, a two-story brick Schofield has taught children of all Silver Bluff Baptist Church HM school built 1924-25. It was built races and creeds since 1866. The bell 360 Old Jackson Highway for black pupils in grades 1-7 Front This church, and was one of almost 500 S.C. one of the first black schools funded in part by the Julius Baptist churches in Rosenwald Foundation 1917- America, grew out 1932. Black Aiken physician Dr. of regular worship C.C. Johnson raised $3,500 in the services held as early black community toward the total as the 1750s at “Silver cost of $33,500. Black brick mason Bluff,” the plantation Elliott Ball supervised the school’s of Indian trader George construction. (Reverse) The school, Galphin. At first a described as “one of the best in the non-denominational state” when it was being built, had congregation with ten classrooms, a library, and an both white and black auditorium seating 600. It opened in members, it was the fall of 1925, with principal W.D. Silver Bluff Baptist Church formally organized as Drake, nine teachers, and almost 300 Silver Bluff Baptist Church in 1773 students. The school, the only black tower nearby once stood atop Carter with Rev. David George as its first elementary school in Aiken until new Hall, built in 1882. minister. schools began to be built in 1954, Erected by the Aiken County Historical Back The church, dormant for a few closed in 1969. It was demolished in Society and the Martha Schofield years during the American Revolution, 1973. Historic Preservation Committee, 2001 was revived in the 1780s by Rev. Sponsored by the Aiken County SI: 1-2.2, 2-2.4, 3-4.6, 5-1.2, 5-1.3, 8-5.1, Jesse Peter. The congregation moved Historical Society, 2013 8-5.2, USHC-3.3, USHC-3.4 from its original site in 1815, again Jacksonville School/ of whom gave lots for new homes in the 1840s, and for the last time Jacksonville Lodge HM here to families displaced by the to the present site in 1866.

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