In Memoriam: Dr. Sergey V. Zhirov (1966–2017)
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Russia): 2003–9 Results
CHAPTER 6 OBSIDIAN PROVENANCE STUDIES ON KAMCHATKA PENINSULA (FAR EASTERN RUSSIA): 2003–9 RESULTS Andrei V. Grebennikov, Vladimir K. Popov, Michael D. Glascock, Robert J. Speakman, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, and Andrei V. Ptashinsky Abstract: The results of obsidian provenance research on the Kamchatka Peninsula based on extensive study of the chemical composition of volcanic glasses from both ‘geological’ sources and archaeological sites are presented. At least 16 geochemical groups reflecting different sources of obsidian have been identified for Kamchatka using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Seven sources of archaeological obsidian have been linked to specific geologic outcrops, with the distances between sites and obsidian sources up to 550km. At least seven geochemical groups based only on artefact analysis are also described. The use of multiple obsidian sources was a common pattern during the Palaeolithic, Neolithic, and Palaeometal periods of Kamchatkan prehistory. Keywords: Obsidian, Source Identification, Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Far East Introduction 6.1, A). The main geomorphic features of the Kamchatka Peninsula are two major mountain ranges, Central and Studies of the geochemistry of waterless volcanic glasses Eastern, with a sedimentary basin between them occupied (i.e., obsidians) and sources of archaeological obsidian by the Kamchatka River drainage; mountains of the in the Russian Far East have been ongoing since the southern region; and lowlands on the western coast (Suslov early 1990s, -
ASIAN SOCKEYE SALMON (Freshwater Period of Life, Biological Structure, Population Dynamics)
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries & Oceanography (KamchatNIRO) Pacific Biological Station (Nanaimo, B.C. Canada) Victor F. Bugaev ASIAN SOCKEYE SALMON (freshwater period of life, biological structure, population dynamics) Edited by William E. Ricker and Richard J. Beamish Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Publishing House “Kamchatpress” 2011 УДК 338.24:330.15 ББК 28.693.32 Б90 Victor F. Bugaev. Asian Sockeye Salmon (freshwater period of life, biological structure, population dynamics). – Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky : Publishing House “Kamchatpress”, 2011: 292 p. ISBN 978-5-9610-0159-4 Abstract Key words: sockeye, age, length, weight, growth, scale structure, freshwater period, food competitors, infestation, food supply, population dynamics, fishing operations. In Asia, the sockeye is the most abundant on the Kamchatka Peninsula in some years where ap- proximately 90-95 % of all the Asian sockeye is harvested in the watersheds of the Kamchatka and Ozernaya rivers alone. This study is a summary of long-term observations on the Asian sockeye, and is based on the results of the author's 20 years of research. He examines the biological charac- teristics of 38 local sockeye populations (from Iturup Is. to Eastern Chukotka). Long-term data was used to analyze the interannual variability in the growth of juvenile sockeye of the Kamchatka and Ozernaya rivers. Questions concerning the structural analysis of the scales in juveniles and spawn- ers of the sockeye are discussed in detail for the purpose of standardizing the age-determination procedure. Data on the feeding behaviour of juvenile sockeye in the watersheds of the Kamchatka and Ozernaya rivers are presented, and questions concerning the food competition of fish in the Kamchatka River watershed are discussed. -
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes August 1, 2011 COVER PHOTO: Ash, gas, and water vapor cloud from Redoubt volcano as seen from Cannery Road in Kenai, Alaska on March 31, 2009. Photograph by Neil Sutton, used with permission. Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes August 1, 2011 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Integrated Response to Volcanic Ash ....................................................................... 3 1.2 Data Collection and Processing ................................................................................ 4 1.3 Information Management and Coordination .............................................................. 4 1.4 Warning Dissemination ............................................................................................. 5 2.0 Responsibilities of the Participating Agencies ........................................................... 5 2.1 DIVISION OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DHS&EM) ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY (AVO) ........................................................... 6 2.2.1 Organization ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 General Operational Procedures ...................................................................... 8 -
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes April 1, 2004 Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes April 1, 2004 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................1 1.1 INTEGRATED RESPONSE TO VOLCANIC ASH ..............................1 1.2 DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING ..................................2 1.3 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION ........................2 1.4 DISTRIBUTION AND DISSEMINATION ...................................3 2.0 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARTIES ...........................................3 2.1 DIVISION OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DHS&EM) . 3 2.2 ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY (AVO) .................................4 2.2.1 ORGANIZATION .................................................4 2.2.2 GENERAL OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES ..............................5 2.2.2.1 EARLY ERUPTION PREDICTION, WARNING & CALL-DOWN: SEISMICALLY INSTRUMENTED VOLCANOES ......................................6 2.2.2.1.1 KAMCHATKAN VOLCANIC ERUPTION RESPONSE TEAM (KVERT) . 8 2.2.2.2 SEISMICALLY UNMONITORED VOLCANOES ...........................9 2.2.2.3 UPDATES AND INFORMATION RELEASES .............................9 2.2.2.4 COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES ...........................10 2.2.2.5 LEVEL OF CONCERN COLOR CODE SYSTEM ..........................10 2.2.2.6 DESIGNATION OF AUTHORITY ....................................12 2.3 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .............................................12 2.3.1 PROCEDURES .................................................12 -
Geothermal Potential of the Cascade and Aleutian Arcs, with Ranking of Individual Volcanic Centers for Their Potential to Host Electricity-Grade Reservoirs
DE-EE0006725 ATLAS Geosciences Inc FY2016, Final Report, Phase I Final Research Performance Report Federal Agency and Organization: DOE EERE – Geothermal Technologies Program Recipient Organization: ATLAS Geosciences Inc DUNS Number: 078451191 Recipient Address: 3372 Skyline View Dr Reno, NV 89509 Award Number: DE-EE0006725 Project Title: Geothermal Potential of the Cascade and Aleutian Arcs, with Ranking of Individual Volcanic Centers for their Potential to Host Electricity-Grade Reservoirs Project Period: 10/1/14 – 10/31/15 Principal Investigator: Lisa Shevenell President [email protected] 775-240-7323 Report Submitted by: Lisa Shevenell Date of Report Submission: October 16, 2015 Reporting Period: September 1, 2014 through October 15, 2015 Report Frequency: Final Report Project Partners: Cumming Geoscience (William Cumming) – cost share partner GEODE (Glenn Melosh) – cost share partner University of Nevada, Reno (Nick Hinz) – cost share partner Western Washington University (Pete Stelling) – cost share partner DOE Project Team: DOE Contracting Officer – Laura Merrick DOE Project Officer – Eric Hass Project Monitor – Laura Garchar Signature_______________________________ Date____10/16/15_______________ *The Prime Recipient certifies that the information provided in this report is accurate and complete as of the date shown. Any errors or omissions discovered/identified at a later date will be duly reported to the funding agency. Page 1 of 152 DE-EE0006725 ATLAS Geosciences Inc FY2016, Final Report, Phase I Geothermal Potential of -
Journal of Quaternary Science (2019) 1–13 Issn 0267-8179
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (2019) 1–13 ISSN 0267-8179. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3145 Tephrochronological dating of paleoearthquakes in active volcanic arcs: A case of the Eastern Volcanic Front on the Kamchatka Peninsula (northwest Pacific) EGOR ZELENIN,1* ANDREY KOZHURIN,1,2 VERA PONOMAREVA2 and MAXIM PORTNYAGIN3,4 1Geological Institute, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky, Russia 3GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 4V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia Received 16 April 2019; Revised 27 July 2019; Accepted 1 August 2019 ABSTRACT: Investigation of active faults is crucial for the seismic hazard assessment and, in the case of volcanic belts, it provides a deeper understanding of the interactions between volcanism and tectonic faulting. In this study, we report the results of the first paleoseismological and tephrochronological investigation undertaken on Holocene faulting in Kamchatka’s volcanic belts. The studied trenches and additional excavations are located along the axial fault zone of the Eastern Volcanic Front, where the earlier dated tephra layers provide a robust age control of the faulting events. Electron microprobe analysis of glass from 22 tephra samples permitted correlations among the disparate tephra profiles for constructing a summary tephra sequence. The latter, together with published geochronological data, allowed the construction of a Bayesian age model. Detailed examination of the tephra layers deformed by faulting allowed us to reconstruct and date six faulting events with the offsets of 1 to 20 cm indicating paleoearthquakes with magnitudes of Mw < 5.4. Holocene crustal seismicity of the Eastern Volcanic Front manifests temporal clustering rather than a uniform flux of events. -
New Endemic Deepwater Charr Morphs of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) from Lake Kronotskoe, Kamchatka G
ISSN 1063-0740, Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 216–223. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2017. Original Russian Text © G.N. Markevich, E.V. Esin, E.A. Saltykova, O.Yu. Busarova, L.A. Anisimova, K.V. Kuzishchin, 2017, published in Biologiya Morya. ORIGINAL PAPERS Ichthyology New Endemic Deepwater Charr Morphs of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) from Lake Kronotskoe, Kamchatka G. N. Markevicha, *, E. V. Esina, b, E. A. Saltykovac, O. Yu. Busarovad, L. A. Anisimovab, and K. V. Kuzishchine aKronotsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, Yelizovo, 684000 Russia bAll-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, 107140 Russia cSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia dFar Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Vladivostok, 690087 Russia eDepartment of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 1, 2016 Abstract⎯Two previously unknown profundal dwelling charr morphs of the genus Salvelinus from Lake Kro- notskoe are described in this article. According to their lifestyle peculiarities, these morphs were named the “bigmouth charr” and “smallmouth charr.” The former group is near-bottom benthivorous, while the latter one inhabits the water column and occupies the omnivorous niche. Bigmouth and smallmouth charrs are dis- tinguished from the rest of the sympatric charr morphs by their smaller size, shorter snout, larger eyes, as well as by several craniological traits and lower parasite abundance. Spawning of both morphs takes place directly in the profundal zone and lasts from late October to February. Additional studies are required to determine the systematic status of the new morphs. -
Gypsum in Modern Kamchatka Volcanic Hot Springs and the Lower Cambrian Black Shale: Applied to the Microbial-Mediated Precipitation of Sulfates on Mars†K
American Mineralogist, Volume 99, pages 2126–2137, 2014 WHAT LURKS IN THE MARTIAN ROCKS AND SOIL? INVESTIGATIONS OF SULFATES, PHOSPHATES, AND PERCHLORATES Gypsum in modern Kamchatka volcanic hot springs and the Lower Cambrian black shale: Applied to the microbial-mediated precipitation of sulfates on Mars†k MIN TANG1, ANOUK EHREISER1,2 AND YI-LIANG LI1,* 1Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Postfach 10 57 60, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany ABSTRACT Gypsum is a mineral that commonly precipitates in hydrothermal environments. This study reports the electron microscopic analyses of gypsum morphologies and crystal sizes found in hot springs on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and compares these analyses with gypsum morphologies of hydrothermal genesis found in Lower Cambrian black shale. In sediments of the Kamchatka hot springs, we observed prismatic, prismatic pseudo-hexagonal, fibrous, tubular, lenticular and twinned gypsum crystals, with crystal sizes ranging from <200 nm to >200 mm. The coexistence of diverse crystal habits of gypsum implies a constant interaction between hot spring geochemistry and the metabolisms of the microbial community. The crystallization of Ca- and Ba-sulfates in the black shale of the Lower Cambrian, which shows similar but less varied morphology, was influenced by post-depositional hydrothermal fluids. The partial replacement of pyrite by sulfates in a situation coexisting with rich biomass deposits and animal fossils indicates limited modification of the sedimentary records by biological materials. If the gypsum precipitated on Mars underwent similar interactions between microbial communities and their geochemical environments, the resulting crystal habits could be preserved even better than those on Earth due to the weak geodynamics prevailing on Mars throughout its evolutionary history. -
Late Pleistocene-Holocene Volcanism on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Northwest Pacific Region
Late Pleistocene-Holocene Volcanism on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Northwest Pacific Region Vera Ponomareva, Tatiana Churikova*, Ivan Melekestsev and Olga Braitseva Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia * Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum Göttingen, Universität Göttingen, Germany Maria Pevzner and Leopold Sulerzhitsky Geological Institute, Moscow, Russia Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanism in Kamchatka results from the sub- duction of the Pacific Plate under the peninsula and forms three volcanic belts arranged in en echelon manner from southeast to northwest. The cross- arc extent of recent volcanism exceeds 250 km and is one of the widest worldwide. All the belts are dominated by mafic rocks. Eruptives with SiO2>57% constitute ~25% of the most productive Central Kamchatka De- pression belt and ~30% of the Eastern volcanic front, but <10% of the least productive Sredinny Range belt. All the Kamchatka volcanic rocks exhibit typical arc-type signatures and are represented by basalt-rhyolite series differing in alkalis. Typical Kam- chatka arc basalts display a strong increase in LILE, LREE and HFSE from the front to the back-arc. La/Yb and Nb/Zr increase from the arc front to the back arc while B/Li and As, Sb, B, Cl and S concentrations decrease. The initial mantle source below Kamchatka ranges from N-MORB-like in the volcanic front and Central Kamchatka Depression to more enriched in the back arc. Rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression range in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.70334 to 0.70366, but have almost constant Nd isotopic ratios (143Nd/144Nd 0.51307-0.51312). This correlates with the highest U/Th ratios in these rocks and suggest the highest fluid-flux in the source region. -
Kamchatka and Mainland Asia
Appendix B – Region 10 Country and regional profiles of volcanic hazard and risk: Kamchatka and Mainland Asia S.K. Brown1, R.S.J. Sparks1, K. Mee2, C. Vye-Brown2, E.Ilyinskaya2, S.F. Jenkins1, S.C. Loughlin2* 1University of Bristol, UK; 2British Geological Survey, UK, * Full contributor list available in Appendix B Full Download This download comprises the profiles for Region 10: Kamchatka and Mainland Asia only. For the full report and all regions see Appendix B Full Download. Page numbers reflect position in the full report. The following countries are profiled here: Region 10 Kamchatka and Mainland Asia Pg.440 China 447 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 454 Mongolia 460 Republic of Korea 465 Russia 471 Brown, S.K., Sparks, R.S.J., Mee, K., Vye-Brown, C., Ilyinskaya, E., Jenkins, S.F., and Loughlin, S.C. (2015) Country and regional profiles of volcanic hazard and risk. In: S.C. Loughlin, R.S.J. Sparks, S.K. Brown, S.F. Jenkins & C. Vye-Brown (eds) Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This profile and the data therein should not be used in place of focussed assessments and information provided by local monitoring and research institutions. Region 10: Kamchatka and Mainland Asia Region 10: Kamchatka and Mainland Asia comprises volcanoes from the China-Pakistan border in the west to Kamchatka in the east. Five countries are represented here. The country profiles for China and Russia include additional volcanoes from outside of this region (Table 10.1). Country Number of volcanoes China 11 + 3 from Region 7 DPRK 3 Mongolia 5 Republic of Korea 3 Russia 120 + 1 from Region 1 Table 10.1 The countries represented in this region and the number of volcanoes. -
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes June 1, 2014 Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes June 1, 2014 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Information Coordination ........................................................................................... 3 1.2 Dissemination of Warning Products .......................................................................... 4 2.0 Responsibilities of the Participating Agencies ........................................................... 4 2.1 DIVISION OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DHS&EM) ......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY (AVO) ........................................................... 5 2.2.1 Organization ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 General Operational Procedures ...................................................................... 6 2.2.2.1 Hours of Operation, Monitoring Network, and Frequency of Data Checks ................................................................ 7 2.2.2.2 Volcanic Activity Notifications ................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Text and Graphical Products for Situational Awareness ................................... 9 2.2.4 Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) -
Late Pleistocene-Holocene Volcanism on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Northwest Pacific Region
Late Pleistocene-Holocene Volcanism on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Northwest Pacific Region Vera Ponomareva, Ivan Melekestsev and Olga Braitseva Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Tatiana Churikova1 Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum Göttingen, Universität Göttingen, Germany Maria Pevzner and Leopold Sulerzhitsky Geological Institute, Moscow, Russia Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanism in Kamchatka results from the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the peninsula and forms three volcanic belts arranged in en echelon manner from southeast to northwest. The cross-arc extent of recent volcanism exceeds 250 km and is one of the widest worldwide. All the belts are dominated by mafic rocks. Eruptives with SiO2>57% constitute ~25% of the most productive Central Kamchatka Depression belt and ~30% of the Eastern volcanic front, but <10% of the least productive Sredinny Range belt. All the Kamchatka volcanic rocks exhibit typical arc-type signatures and are represented by basalt-rhyolite series differing in alkalis. Typical Kamchatka arc basalts display a strong increase in LILE, LREE and HFSE from the front to the back-arc. La/Yb and Nb/Zr increase from the arc front to the back arc while B/Li and As, Sb, B, Cl and S concentrations decrease. The initial mantle source below Kamchatka ranges from N-MORB-like in the volcanic front and Central Kamchatka Depression to more enriched in the back arc. Rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression range in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.70334 to 0.70366, but have almost constant Nd isotopic ratios (143Nd/144Nd 0.51307–0.51312). This correlates with the highest U/Th ratios in these rocks and suggest the highest fluid-flux in the source region.