female - often bits of shredded banana leaf! In mid-May, the female built a cup­ shaped nest, quite substantial for a Diademed tanager, from mostly dead material from Ficuspumilia, the vine in which the nest was built. The nest was at a height of about 12' and was located very near the Tanager visitor walkway. After completion ofthe nest, a ruddy ground dove made at­ a first U.S. breeding? tempts to usurp the nest for its own pur­ poses. This led to the desertion of the nest by the tanagers - and exile for the by L.C. Shelton, Curator of Birds It Philadelphia Zoological Garden ruddy ground dove and its mate. was also the end of any breeding activity for 1980. Early in April, 1981, the same court­ ship display was frequently observed A diademed tanager (Stephanophorus to most plants in a large exhibit or between the bonded pair. Soon con­ diadematus) with its bullfinch-like beak, aviary. In our experience at the Zoo, the struction ofa nest was begun in the Ficus and its small erectile red crest, does not only really visible harm done to plants pumilia near the 1980 nest location. By have a typical thraupid appearance. In was the shredding ofbanana and Strelit­ the 17th or 18th ofApril, incubation had face, when I first saw a live specimen in a za leaves. begun, and the first feeding of young cage with several blue-and-yellow tana­ InAugust, 1978, the Philadelphia Zoo was observed on the 2nd of May. gers at a bird importer's in the '60s, I was purchased four specimens in immature Although the female performed all the initially puzzled as to its identity, but plumage from a Florida importer. After incubation chores, both parents carried purchased the single specimen anyway a period of quarantine, the birds were food to the nestling(s). They fed mostly for my private collection. Obviously, placed in Jungle Bird Walk (then called mealworms with lesser quantities of from its very untanager appearance, the Hummingbird House). This heavily grubs. However, actual pieces of fruit Argentines refer to the species by the ver­ planted walk-through exhibit measures being carried in adults' beaks to the nest nacular name ofcardenal azul (blue car­ approximately 100' long, 35' deep and was also seen after five days. The feeding dinal). 20' high. The birds adjusted quite well to of"non-live food" so early was extreme­ In color, the bird is basically deep blue their new environment and soon ly unusual in comparison to other with darker wings and tail, and a lighter moulted into, delight of delights, two tanagers which we had bred. blue shoulder patch. The black-fronted males and two females. Housed with ap­ Since several other tanager species, head is capped with a white crown proximately 30 other species of birds, which had nested in the same exhibit, (hence, "diadem" and the source of its mostly small- and medium-sized soft­ had frequently thrown their young from other popular English name "white­ bills, they never harassed any other the nest after a week to 10 days, we capped tanager") at the front ofwhich is birds, even the tiniest species, and rarely decided to pull the young from the nest a small red tuft. The blue ofthe female is bickered among themselves. They for handrearing at the eighth day. There duller and the crown is grayish. Not in became exceedingly tame and would was only one chick and no sign ofthe re­ the same class of beauty as, say, a perch within two feet of visitors and mains of another egg. However, we paradise tanager, this tanager is, burst into their cardinal-like warble. assumed that, in typical South American however, truly handsome. Sturdily Because of this disposition, the species tanager fashion, the female had pro­ built, it measures approximately 7Yz in­ became a favorite with local bird bably laid two eggs, and the second non­ ches in length. photographers. At the same time, fertile one had disappeared. The species occurs from coastal because ofthe above-mentioned habit of The diademed chick proved easy to southeast Brazil to Uruguay, eastern shredding banana and Strelitza leaves, handrear. It was fed hourly, from 7:00 Paraguay and eastern Argentina. Accor­ they did not exactly endear themselves to a.m. t07:00p.m., a diet ofapproximate­ ding to Alexander Wetmore, the birds the Zoo horticulturist. ly 750/0 soaked Gaines Meal and 25% which he observed in Uruguay inhabited Despite this perfect adjustment to chopped peeled grapes rolled in Vionate dense thickets where they perched often captive life, there were no obvious in­ powder. In addition, a few mealworms, on the tops of trees and bushes. He also dications ofbreeding among the birds in beheaded by a razor blade, not a commented on their pleasant song, "fin­ 1979. During this year, one ofthe males guillotine, were given at each feeding. chlike in tone". Indeed, the species does died of pneumonia. In July, 1980, a After 18 days ofage, the bird was hand­ have an exceptionally good song for a replacement male was obtained from a fed every two hours until it was self­ tanager - another desirable attribute California importer, again giving us two feeding at approximately 30 days ofage. for the species as an avicultural subject. potential breeding pairs. However, we Live mealworms were placed on top of The atypical tanager beak was also noted then lost one of the oriiinal females open dishes ofmashed Gaines Meal and by Wetmore: "The bill inthis species sug­ from an injury incurred during the chopped grapes to stimulate the fledgl­ gests that ofPhytotoma(plantcutter), as night. The two original birds, which then ing's interest in eating by itself. it is evidently designed for cutting and remained, were developing a pair bond. Soon after removal of their nestling, crushing". And the diademed tanager The female would solicit copulation the parents renewed their interest in does love to eat buds and leaves - a less through a wing-fluttering submissive breeding. The female began constru~­ desirable trait in an avicultural subject. posture. As part of the courtship tion of a new nest, again 'in Ficus However, the species does little damage behavior, the male would feed the pumilia, but far from the public area. 34 deductible. Autom.llc Turnlnglncub.tors

"Everything-You Name It" PIGEONS· GUINEAS QUAIL , If We Do Not List It, Write For ItI PHEASANTS· PARTRIDGE BANDS - NESTS - CAGES With an ordinary pop bottle you have a _handy fountam PET BOOKS - TRAPS Ideal for small groups Rab MEDICATIONS· HOBBY ITEMS bIts, GUHlea Pigs, Parrots, Cage Birds cannot chew to Canaries Parakeets RARE FANCY POULTRY destroy them. Held to the out AVIARY EQUIPMENT Side of your cage by a holding spring, It ~.HoJects inside for for BABY CHICKS· EGGS rnos! convenient _ Measures DUCKLINGS - GOSLINGS 2' x 1 only 1)" deep SALE SALE BRIGHT YELLOW ROADSIDE SIGNS ~~ Cage Bird Tube . II' 'I FEEDER DRINKER - to help YOU SELU - '. Universally popular Attaches $3.00 each, 2 for $5.00 Prepaid , to your cages with attaching CAGE BIRD MEDICATIONS : II:i il C/,hPS Includetd 15/16 dia- AVI Mycln - 12 Antibiotic Tablets for individual treatment $3,00 ,II: I I I me er,. 8 . Inches AureomYCin Tablets - Treats many Internal infections 1000 $24,00 AureomYCin - Water Soluable - or TerramyCin (chOice of) $4.95 -,Il JI Ii I III II long. Dnnklng area ~ 1 Bird O,ntment - For individual wound treatment $1.75 :1 ,I 1/ X 1 4 I 2 Emtryl - For TrichomOniaSIs, Ghlardia, Histomoniasis, Blackhead $8,95 -, ,~3 for $4.95 Feather Glo - Spray Bottle, cleans, promotes healing, beautifies. $3_95 Gallimycin - For control of ChrOniC Respiratory Disease, Coryza $5,95 ~ $12.95 Prepaid Headstart -A complete easily mixed vitamin combination $2,95 Kwick-Stop StyP'c Powder stops bleeding $2,65 linatone -A Supplement to Aid Feathenng one ounce $3,00 Nee-TerramYCin Concentrate - A combination of antibiotics $4,95 Nitrofurazone - Treatment for Paratyphoid and Coccidosls one Ib $5,00 BIRD BREEDERS No Mite Spray - Makes It easy to control mites, Aerosol spray can $3,50 Bird Protector - Deocorizes, hang In cage for lice & mites $2,75 WIR OrnacYIn - Treatment for Respiratory 8 capsules $2,50 ~"dlameter metal Pectillin - An aid In treatment of Diarrhea 4 Oz $3,50 !tame With screen Pet Mycin for BirdS - 10 Aureomycin Tablets $2,00 Wife fqulpped Streseez -A popular Vitamin Mineral Supplement 50z $2.00 wllh hanger Stroud Birdie Vitamin Drops - For bird health $3.00 $2.70 ea. ppd. Suimet - Treatment and control of COCCldOSIS 160z $4.50 6 . $13,50 ppd TerramyCin - Treats Enertls, ChroniC Respiratory Disease 40Z $3.95 12 - $2260 ppd, TerramyCin Eye Ointment $2.00 Tramlsol - For treatment of Internal Parasites, Pin Worms, etc $15.00 Tn Sulfa Bird Remedy $2.50 Plastic Cage Nest Wheat Germ Oil - For dietary supplement to promote gooo health 40z $3.00 $11,95 dozen $19.952 dozen No. 245 FEEDER ' '. ------Many uses. May be hung from ~'-;' ~ FEED SAVER the wall, a support post or fll Into your cage or fence, to be CAGE FEEDER filled from outside Ideal for Easy to fill withoul remOVina Urgl' hopper With 2 small groups 1r high, 3 3 • cup capacity Unique. s<.nltClty arr;nqement with Wide, 4" deep With an open feed removable waste feed cUinpartment. Waste space of 3' x 3' 2 Lbs. $4.00 ----"" feed IS easily recovered Made of clear high 1m- each, $27.95 dozen UPS Paid /. ,,_..~ pact washable plastiC Attaches to most cage ;y:./ ,-----.....--- doors. Measures 3' 1 x 2-7/8 x 6,3/8'· high ;~~':::_.~..., _' '- Removeable Waste Feed ENJOY APE" '" ~.~~;~.-=._~] COMPARTMENT HOBBY ~'1.----<- I :... $3.95 each " -.~ 6 . $19.50 NEW ... ..____':;..: / $35.00 dozen Plastic I Nesting Box $6.95 each Economical PLASTIC 4 - $22.00 II Feeder - Founts $60.00 dozen i' Use your own fruit Jar. Perfect for all Fits on most breeding cages. Made of durable smooth white plastiC, measures: 5' x 3-718' x No. 10 cage birds. Can be used for either 4-' /4" h,gh Rear in­ $1.25 water or seeds. Measures 3'/4" x 4'12 spection Window, Depth W'. Made of the very best high sliding door. Choices impact plastic in assorted colors. of 1 inch or 2 inch $1.25 each, 6 - $7.95 holes, Includes 6 nest­ 12 - $12.95 Prepaid ing record cards that fits on card holder, a Midget Fount Feeders part of the nest. So handy! Ideal for limited space use, only 3" diameter, 5" high, one inch opening. 1'12 cup capacity. No. 346. $2.85 each, 6· $11.95 $19.95 dozen Prepaid CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED Pine River 7, Minn. 56474 • 35 Photos by Dixon Davis _~~--~--~_~~~~ A Comprehensive andAuthoJitative Guide toAtiican Ornithology•••

As this photo well reveals, the male diademed tanager is truly a handsome bird.

TheBIRDSQfAFRICA VOLUME ONE BY LESLIE H. BROWN, EMIL K. URBAN AND KENNETH NEWMAN illustrated byMartin Woodcock and Peter Hayman FOREWORD BY HRH THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH This volume is the first of a four-volume set which will cover all species of birds found in Africa including migrants from the Pale­ arctic and vagrants. Resident birds are described in full detail, with sections on their range and status, field characters, voice, behavior, food and breeding biology. Nearly all species are illustrated in full color, with coverage of age, sex, and seasonal differences. Black and white drawings give supple­ mentary details and maps illustrate the distribution of each species within Africa. Sure to be acclaimed the authority on the avifauna of Africa, the qualityofthe text and the beautyofthe plates assure them pride of place on the shelves of ornithologists and bird-watchers everywhere. Volume 1/1982,536pp., 28 colorand4 black & whiteplates, $99.00 ISBN: 0-12-137301-0

Send payment With order and save postage and handling. Prices are in U.S.dollars and are subject to change without notice. Direct order to: Georgia Phillips. Media Department ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. A Subsidiary ojHarcourt Brace Jovanovich. Publishers New York • London • Toronto • Sydney • San Francisco 111 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y 10003 Male diademed tanager at feed dish in Jungle Bird Walk. 36 On May24th, she had begun incubation. The first feeding of young was observed on June 6th. Since the nest was located in such a secluded area, we decided to leave the nestling(s) to the parents' care. A single chick left the nest on June 24th, at approximately 18 days of age. Parental care of the fledgling was excellent, and the young bird was soon independent of its parents. The immature plumage was more charcoal than real blue with a lighter spot on the crown, but no hint of red. Adult plumage developed at about 10 months. In our case, the hand-reared bird was a female, the parent-reared one a male. Although we did not check the dia­ demed nests at the egg stage, Mrs. K.M. Scamell, who raised the species in England in 1965, described the eggs as "a We sell only fat and healthy birds - Guaranteed!! large pointed egg, greeny-blue with large All birds can be shipped anywhere in the U.S., and brown spots to halfway". Our breeding can be surgically sexed. We operate a U.S.D.A. experience, like hers, reveals an incuba­ quarantine station. tion period of 14 days and 18 more days Quantity prices are available on Macaws, Cockatoos, before fledging. The only references in Amazons, Finches and Softbills. avicultural literature (Delacour, SPECIAL: Umbrella Cockatoos Aviculture, Vol. I, and Nordgaard­ Olesen, Tanagers, Vol. I) to any other Get on our Mailing List! breeding of the species concern a suc­ cessful captive breeding by a Monsieur Parrot Paradise - 21512 Bon Brae Decoux in France in 1923. St.CI.Sh., Mich. 48081 - (313) 776-3551 In addition to greenery, the dia­ demends throve on the soaked dog kib­ bie (Gaines or Wayne), Zoocake (a Philadelphia Zoo preparation similar to commercial softbill mixes), fruit cock­ Three Facts tail sprinkled with Vionate and nectar. Small crickets and grubs were fed daily; You Want to Know About mealworms were given several times a dayand fed adlib when any species in the Carlson exhibit had young. More people buy Spray Spray Carlson's Spray Millet REFERENCES Millet from Carlson's _II comes in Regular and Premium Lengths. Delacour, Jean. 1936. Aviculture, Vol. I. Hert­ !han from any grower MI et In the country. ford, Stephen Austin and Sons Ltd. Nordgaard-Olesen, E. 1973. Tanagers, Vol. I. and quality. They expect Pesticide Free! Janderup, Denmark, Skibby Books. ~illet each hand-picked Unlike 1m Ported spray from Carlson s to be • II h h Scamell, Mrs. K.M. "The Breeding of the ml ets W IC are as clean and nutritious as th hi f d h White-capped Tanager". The A vicultural nature Intended. oroug y umlgate Wit Magazine, Vol. 71, No.9, July-August 1965, pp. chemical pesticides, 104-106. Carlson's is pesticide free de Schauensee, Rodolphe Meyer. 1970. A Guide and com pletely safe for ~_.... to the Birds of South America. Wynnewood, PA, even the smallest, most Livingston Publishing Co. delicate birds. Wetmore, Alexander. 1926. Observations on the Birds of Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian. Cartons Ibs. Regular Premium 8" to 10" 10" and Sprays Longer Sprays ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges the RT.2, BOX 535 5 $15.00 $18.00 PLAINFIELD, WI 54966 assistance in preparation of this article of: (715)335'4564 2 10 $24.00 Ralph Horn, Assistant Curator of Birds; $30.00 Albert Woerner, Senior Bird Keeper; and 4 20 $46.00 $55.00 Elizabeth Bahner, Zoological Assistant, all Postage is paid in Continental USA. of the Philadelphia Zoological Garden. He Inquire for quantity prices. also recognizes the photographic contribu­ tions of Dixon Davis.• 37