DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological Changes of the Lower Tedori River, Japan, Over 50 Years

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological Changes of the Lower Tedori River, Japan, Over 50 Years water Article Morphological Changes of the Lower Tedori River, Japan, over 50 Years Dang Minh Hai 1,*, Shinya Umeda 2 and Masatoshi Yuhi 2 1 Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam 2 Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +84-38-699-7676 Received: 30 July 2019; Accepted: 3 September 2019; Published: 5 September 2019 Abstract: Long-term variation in the morphological characteristics of rivers is complicated as a result of temporally and spatially variable natural processes and anthropogenic disturbances. Better understanding of their relationship is therefore important for river basin management. The present study conducted a detailed analysis of a long-term dataset consisting of a 58-year topographic survey and related data on human impact to clarify the long-term variation in the morphological characteristics of the lower Tedori River in Japan. An empirical model was established through the assessment of spatiotemporal variations in nonlinear rates of adjustment. The results indicated that sediment extraction and dam construction profoundly affected the morphological characteristics of the lower Tedori River and that the vertical adjustment of the river channel experienced five phases. Degradation occurred from 7 to 16 km upstream from the river mouth over all phases. Two aggradation phases following two degradation phases were observed from the river mouth to 2 km upstream. Aggradation and degradation phases appeared alternately from 2 to 7 km. The representative nonlinear rates of vertical adjustment in the second phase were the highest compared with those in the other phases in the entire reach. The correlation analysis revealed that the incision phase was mostly coupled with channel narrowing, while widening followed the deposition phase. It was deduced from aerial photo analysis and a comparison between slope and empirical critical slope that the pattern in the lower Tedori River was braided during the period 1950–2000. Keywords: Tedori River; degradation; sand and gravel mining; dam construction 1. Introduction The long-term variation in the morphological characteristics of rivers is complicated as a result of temporally and spatially variable natural processes and anthropogenic disturbances. Natural processes can progress exceedingly slowly and be practically imperceptible by human standards [1]. In contrast, human activities can have a significant and rapid impact on natural processes and trends, resulting in a compressed time scale for river adjustments [2]. Many researchers have made efforts to equate the morphological responses of rivers to associated driving factors. In order to sustainably manage river systems, it is necessary to further investigate the characteristics of variation in river morphology at various temporal and spatial scales. In Japan, the morphology of pristine rivers is due to the combination of steep landforms and frequent storms, and changes are often accelerated by the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions [3]. Japanese rivers differ from most continental rivers in the world because they are short, steep, and exhibit very flashy flow regimes [4]. Since around 1960, when Japan entered a period of high economic growth, a substantial amount of sand and gravel has been extracted from rivers to be used as concrete aggregate. Additionally, many dams have been built to control floods, generate electricity, Water 2019, 11, 1852; doi:10.3390/w11091852 www.mdpi.com/journal/water WaterWater2019 2019, 11, ,11 1852, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of2 17 of 17 electricity, and secure water for various uses. This has seriously affected the morphology of several andJapanese secure waterrivers. for Several various previous uses. This studies has seriouslyon Japanese aff ectedrivers the clarified morphology the long of-term several impacts Japanese of sand rivers. Severaland gravel previous mining studies and/or on Japanese dam construction rivers clarified on riverbed the long-term degradation. impacts The of sand correlation and gravel between mining andvariatio/or damn in construction the riverbed on elevation riverbed, sand degradation. and gravel The extraction correlation, and betweendam construction variation was in the observed riverbed elevation,in the lower sand Tenryu and gravel River extraction, [5]. Sato andet al. dam [6] indicated construction thatwas dueobserved to the dredging in the lower of a sandbar Tenryu Riverin the [ 5]. Satoearly et al.1970s, [6] indicated the longitudinal that due profile to the of dredging the Samegawa of a sandbar River in the region early 1970s, 1 km from the longitudinal the river mouth profile ofdegraded the Samegawa significantly. River in the region 1 km from the river mouth degraded significantly. Recently,Recently, the the Tedori Tedori River, River, located located in the in mid-northernthe mid-northern part ofpart Japan of Japan (Figure (Figure1), has 1), been has seriously been affseriouslyected by affected continuous by continuous anthropogenic anthropogenic activities activities such as such dredging, as dredging, sand sand and and gravel gravel mining, mining, and multipurposeand multipurpose construction. construction. These These activities activities have have disturbed disturbed the previous the previous equilibrium equilibrium condition condition of the river.of the In particular,river. In particular, a significant a significant amount amount of sediment of sedim wasent moved was moved out due out to due mining to mining and was and trapped was intrapped the Tedorigawa in the Tedorigawa Dam. This Dam. induced This intensiveinduced intensive changes changes in the morphological in the morphological characteristics characteristics between 1950between and 2007. 1950 Dangand 2007. et al. Dang [7,8 ]et conducted al. [7,8] conducted a detailed a detailed analysis analysis of temporal of temporal and spatial and spatial trends trends in the verticalin the adjustmentvertical adjustment associated associated with human with human activities activities at the at lower the lower Tedori Tedori River River from from 1950 1950 to 2007.to 2007. However, a mutual relationship among hydromorphological characteristics of the Tedori River However, a mutual relationship among hydromorphological characteristics of the Tedori River has not has not been fully addressed yet. been fully addressed yet. FigureFigure 1. Study area. area. This paper aims to quantify variations in several morphological characteristics of the lower Tedori This paper aims to quantify variations in several morphological characteristics of the lower River.Tedori First, River. magnitude First, magnitude and nonlinear and ratesnonlinear of vertical rates of adjustment vertical adjustment are captured. are Then,captured. variations Then, in bankfullvariations width, in slope,bankfull specific width, stream slope, energy, specific and stream mean energy, sediment and diameter mean aresediment described. diameter Finally, are the intercorrelationdescribed. Finally, among the morphologicintercorrelation characteristics among morphologic is discussed. characteristics The paper is discussed. adds novel The findings paper to prioradds studies novel dealingfindings with to prior similar studies Japanese dealing rivers, with suggesting similar Japanese an empirical rivers, model suggesting of riverbed an empirical elevation changemodel using of riverbed an intercorrelated elevation analysischange ofusing river an morphology intercorrelated characteristics. analysis of river morphology characteristics. 2. Study Area 2. Study Area 2.1. General Setting 2.1.The General Tedori Setting River, which originates at Mt. Hakusan, with the highest elevation of 2702 m, has a 2 catchmentThe areaTedori of 809River, km whichand originates a channel at length Mt. Hakusan, of 72 km with (Figure the1 highest). The main elevation tributary of 2702 of them, has Tedori a Rivercatchment is the Ushikubi area of 809 River, km2 and with a otherchannel tributaries length of being72 km the(Figure Ozo 1). River, The main the Dainichi tributary River, of the and Tedori other smallRiver rivers. is the Ushikubi The lower River, Tedori with River other (LTR)tributaries referred being to the in Ozo the River, remainder the Dainichi of this River, paper and (the other reach downstreamsmall rivers. of The the lower Tedorigawa Tedori Dam)River is(LTR) the portionreferred between to in the the remainder river mouth of this and paper 16 km (the upstream. reach The Tedori River is one of the steepest in Japan, with an average slope of 0.037 and 0.0069 for the entire stretch of the river and the LTR, respectively. The river pattern of the LTR is mainly braided. Based on Water 2019, 11, 1852 3 of 17 homogeneity related to slope, width, and the mean diameter of bed material, the LTR can be divided into four subreaches (SRs) located the following distances from the river mouth: SR 1: 0–2 km: SR 2: 2–7 km; SR 3: 7–13 km; and SR 4: 13–16 km [9]. The climate of the catchment area is dominated by monsoon winds blowing in from the Japan Sea. The mean annual rainfall in the Tedori River catchment is about 2600 mm/yr on the plains and 3300–3600 mm/yr in the mountain ranges. The drainage area is underlaid by various lithologies, including ancient Hida metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks from eruptions of Mt. Hakusan. Nobi rhyolites (pyroclastic rock) from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic eras are distributed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
    9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
    River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Overview In the discussion of river, or fluvial systems, and the strategies that may be used in the management of fluvial systems, it is important to have a basic understanding of the fundamental principals of how river systems work. This fact sheet will illustrate how sediment moves in the river, and the general response of the fluvial system when changes are imposed on or occur in the watershed, river channel, and the sediment supply. The Working River The complex river network that is an integral component of Vermont’s landscape is created as water flows from higher to lower elevations. There is an inherent supply of potential energy in the river systems created by the change in elevation between the beginning and ending points of the river or within any discrete stream reach. This potential energy is expressed in a variety of ways as the river moves through and shapes the landscape, developing a complex fluvial network, with a variety of channel and valley forms and associated aquatic and riparian habitats. Excess energy is dissipated in many ways: contact with vegetation along the banks, in turbulence at steps and riffles in the river profiles, in erosion at meander bends, in irregularities, or roughness of the channel bed and banks, and in sediment, ice and debris transport (Kondolf, 2002). Sediment Production, Transport, and Storage in the Working River Sediment production is influenced by many factors, including soil type, vegetation type and coverage, land use, climate, and weathering/erosion rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Stream Restoration, a Natural Channel Design
    Stream Restoration Prep8AICI by the North Carolina Stream Restonltlon Institute and North Carolina Sea Grant INC STATE UNIVERSITY I North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. Contents Introduction to Fluvial Processes 1 Stream Assessment and Survey Procedures 2 Rosgen Stream-Classification Systems/ Channel Assessment and Validation Procedures 3 Bankfull Verification and Gage Station Analyses 4 Priority Options for Restoring Incised Streams 5 Reference Reach Survey 6 Design Procedures 7 Structures 8 Vegetation Stabilization and Riparian-Buffer Re-establishment 9 Erosion and Sediment-Control Plan 10 Flood Studies 11 Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring 12 References and Resources 13 Appendices Preface Streams and rivers serve many purposes, including water supply, The authors would like to thank the following people for reviewing wildlife habitat, energy generation, transportation and recreation. the document: A stream is a dynamic, complex system that includes not only Micky Clemmons the active channel but also the floodplain and the vegetation Rockie English, Ph.D. along its edges. A natural stream system remains stable while Chris Estes transporting a wide range of flows and sediment produced in its Angela Jessup, P.E. watershed, maintaining a state of "dynamic equilibrium." When Joseph Mickey changes to the channel, floodplain, vegetation, flow or sediment David Penrose supply significantly affect this equilibrium, the stream may Todd St. John become unstable and start adjusting toward a new equilibrium state.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Studies and 3D Modelling of Morphodynamics in a Meandering River Reach Dominated by Tides and Suspended Load
    fluids Article Field Studies and 3D Modelling of Morphodynamics in a Meandering River Reach Dominated by Tides and Suspended Load Qiancheng Xie 1,* , James Yang 2,3 and T. Staffan Lundström 1 1 Division of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; [email protected] 2 Vattenfall AB, Research and Development, Hydraulic Laboratory, 81426 Älvkarleby, Sweden; [email protected] 3 Resources, Energy and Infrastructure, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4672-2870-381 Received: 9 December 2018; Accepted: 20 January 2019; Published: 22 January 2019 Abstract: Meandering is a common feature in natural alluvial streams. This study deals with alluvial behaviors of a meander reach subjected to both fresh-water flow and strong tides from the coast. Field measurements are carried out to obtain flow and sediment data. Approximately 95% of the sediment in the river is suspended load of silt and clay. The results indicate that, due to the tidal currents, the flow velocity and sediment concentration are always out of phase with each other. The cross-sectional asymmetry and bi-directional flow result in higher sediment concentration along inner banks than along outer banks of the main stream. For a given location, the near-bed concentration is 2−5 times the surface value. Based on Froude number, a sediment carrying capacity formula is derived for the flood and ebb tides. The tidal flow stirs the sediment and modifies its concentration and transport. A 3D hydrodynamic model of flow and suspended sediment transport is established to compute the flow patterns and morphology changes.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSIFICATION of CALIFORNIA ESTUARIES BASED on NATURAL CLOSURE PATTERNS: TEMPLATES for RESTORATION and MANAGEMENT Revised
    CLASSIFICATION OF CALIFORNIA ESTUARIES BASED ON NATURAL CLOSURE PATTERNS: TEMPLATES FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT Revised David K. Jacobs Eric D. Stein Travis Longcore Technical Report 619.a - August 2011 Classification of California Estuaries Based on Natural Closure Patterns: Templates for Restoration and Management David K. Jacobs1, Eric D. Stein2, and Travis Longcore3 1UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 3University of Southern California - Spatial Sciences Institute August 2010 Revised August 2011 Technical Report 619.a ABSTRACT Determining the appropriate design template is critical to coastal wetland restoration. In seasonally wet and semi-arid regions of the world coastal wetlands tend to close off from the sea seasonally or episodically, and decisions regarding estuarine mouth closure have far reaching implications for cost, management, and ultimate success of coastal wetland restoration. In the past restoration planners relied on an incomplete understanding of the factors that influence estuarine mouth closure. Consequently, templates from other climatic/physiographic regions are often inappropriately applied. The first step to addressing this issue is to develop a classification system based on an understanding of the processes that formed the estuaries and thus define their pre-development structure. Here we propose a new classification system for California estuaries based on the geomorphic history and the dominant physical processes that govern the formation of the estuary space or volume. It is distinct from previous estuary closure models, which focused primarily on the relationship between estuary size and tidal prism in constraining closure. This classification system uses geologic origin, exposure to littoral process, watershed size and runoff characteristics as the basis of a conceptual model that predicts likely frequency and duration of closure of the estuary mouth.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Land Degradation
    Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL 1 Chapter 4: Land Degradation 2 3 Coordinating Lead Authors: Lennart Olsson (Sweden), Humberto Barbosa (Brazil) 4 Lead Authors: Suruchi Bhadwal (India), Annette Cowie (Australia), Kenel Delusca (Haiti), Dulce 5 Flores-Renteria (Mexico), Kathleen Hermans (Germany), Esteban Jobbagy (Argentina), Werner Kurz 6 (Canada), Diqiang Li (China), Denis Jean Sonwa (Cameroon), Lindsay Stringer (United Kingdom) 7 Contributing Authors: Timothy Crews (The United States of America), Martin Dallimer (United 8 Kingdom), Joris Eekhout (The Netherlands), Karlheinz Erb (Italy), Eamon Haughey (Ireland), 9 Richard Houghton (The United States of America), Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal (Pakistan), Francis X. 10 Johnson (The United States of America), Woo-Kyun Lee (The Republic of Korea), John Morton 11 (United Kingdom), Felipe Garcia Oliva (Mexico), Jan Petzold (Germany), Mohammad Rahimi (Iran), 12 Florence Renou-Wilson (Ireland), Anna Tengberg (Sweden), Louis Verchot (Colombia/The United 13 States of America), Katharine Vincent (South Africa) 14 Review Editors: José Manuel Moreno Rodriguez (Spain), Carolina Vera (Argentina) 15 Chapter Scientist: Aliyu Salisu Barau (Nigeria) 16 Date of Draft: 07/08/2019 17 Subject to Copy-editing 4-1 Total pages: 186 Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL 1 2 Table of Contents 3 Chapter 4: Land Degradation ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices for the White River Base Flow Study
    APPENDIX 1 Habitat types and descriptions adapted from Bisson et al. 1982 and Upper Colorado River Basin Database _____________________________________________________________________________ Habitat Category Habitat Description _____________________________________________________________________________ Riffles Shallow (<20 cm deep), moderate current velocity (20-50 cm/sec), moderate turbulence, substrate gravel, pebble, and cobble-sized particles (2-256 mm), gradient <4% Rapids Gradient >4%, swiftly flowing water (>50 cm/sec), considerable turbulence, substrate largely composed of boulders Pools A portion of stream that is deep and less velocity than run; often lies between riffles Eddies Presence of counter- current; usually deep and less velocity than main- channel Runs Possess attributes of both riffles and pools; characterized by moderately shallow water (10-30 cm deep) with laminar flow; substrate gravel and cobble. _____________________________________________________________________________ 50 APPENDIX 2 - Habitat Suitability Criteria Table 1. Habitat use curve for adult Colorado pikeminnow for daytime resting (bottom velocities); from Miller and Modde (1999). ________________________________________ Velocity HSI Depth HSI (m/s) (m) ________________________________________ 0.000 0.25 0.000 0.00 0.027 0.50 0.427 0.00 0.030 1.00 0.792 0.125 0.244 1.00 0.914 0.25 0.366 0.500 1.158 0.50 0.396 0.25 1.280 1.00 0.427 0.00 6.096 1.00 ________________________________________ Table 2. Habitat use curve for adult Colorado pikeminnow for
    [Show full text]
  • Land Degradation
    SPM4 Land degradation Coordinating Lead Authors: Lennart Olsson (Sweden), Humberto Barbosa (Brazil) Lead Authors: Suruchi Bhadwal (India), Annette Cowie (Australia), Kenel Delusca (Haiti), Dulce Flores-Renteria (Mexico), Kathleen Hermans (Germany), Esteban Jobbagy (Argentina), Werner Kurz (Canada), Diqiang Li (China), Denis Jean Sonwa (Cameroon), Lindsay Stringer (United Kingdom) Contributing Authors: Timothy Crews (The United States of America), Martin Dallimer (United Kingdom), Joris Eekhout (The Netherlands), Karlheinz Erb (Italy), Eamon Haughey (Ireland), Richard Houghton (The United States of America), Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal (Pakistan), Francis X. Johnson (The United States of America), Woo-Kyun Lee (The Republic of Korea), John Morton (United Kingdom), Felipe Garcia Oliva (Mexico), Jan Petzold (Germany), Mohammad Rahimi (Iran), Florence Renou-Wilson (Ireland), Anna Tengberg (Sweden), Louis Verchot (Colombia/ The United States of America), Katharine Vincent (South Africa) Review Editors: José Manuel Moreno (Spain), Carolina Vera (Argentina) Chapter Scientist: Aliyu Salisu Barau (Nigeria) This chapter should be cited as: Olsson, L., H. Barbosa, S. Bhadwal, A. Cowie, K. Delusca, D. Flores-Renteria, K. Hermans, E. Jobbagy, W. Kurz, D. Li, D.J. Sonwa, L. Stringer, 2019: Land Degradation. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick, M. Belkacemi, J. Malley, (eds.)]. In press.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Transport in River Mouth Estuary
    SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER MOUTH ESTUARY Katsuhide YOKOYAMA, Dr.Eng. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering dredge Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan 192-0397 [email protected] tel;81-426-77-2786 fax;81-426-77-2772 Introduction & Study Area 0 2km N The river mouth estuary and wetland are comprised of variety of view natural, morphologically and ecologically complex aquatic point environments. In this region, fresh water mixes with salt water, therefore the Tidal river stream runs more slowly, the suspended sediment supplied Sea from the upstream basin deposit and the shallow water area is flat created. River mouth estuary is very important area for ecosystem and 白川 fishery. On the other hand, it is necessary to dredge and enlarge the Port river channel in some cases in order to discharge the river flood into SHIRAKAWA sea safely. River The purpose of this study is to develop the rational management practices of river mouth estuarine resource. It is necessary to Flood and sediment Tidal pumping and explain the sediment transport and the topographical process. discharge sediment transport A field study was undertaken in the SHIRAKAWA river. The Sea topography change of tidal flat was surveyed and the sediment discharge by floods was measured and the annual sediment transport by tidal current was monitored. Using these results, the amount of sediment load was calculated and the influence of the sediment transport by flood and by tidal current on the topography Deposition of silt and change
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology and Morphology of Two River Mouth Regions
    Hydrology OCEANOLOGIA, 47 (3), 2005. pp. 365–385. and morphology of two C 2005, by Institute of river mouth regions Oceanology PAS. (temperate Vistula Delta KEYWORDS and subtropical Red River River mouth Delta) Delta Sedimentation Discharge Waves Coastal currents Zbigniew Pruszak1 Pham van Ninh2 Marek Szmytkiewicz1 Nguyen Manh Hung2 Rafał Ostrowski1,∗ 1 Institute of Hydroengineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kościerska 7, PL–80–953 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: rafi@ibwpan.gda.pl ∗corresponding author 2 Institute of Mechanics, Center for Marine Environment, Survey, Research and Consultation, 264 Don Can, Hanoi, Vietnam Received 7 February 2005, revised 3 August 2005, accepted 29 August 2005. Abstract The paper presents a comparative analysis of two different river mouths from two different geographical zones (subtropical and temperate climatic regions). One is the multi-branch and multi-spit mouth of the Red River on the Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnam), the other is the smaller delta of the river Vistula on a bay of the Baltic Sea (Poland). The analysis focuses on the similarities and differences in the hydrodynamics between these estuaries and the adjacent coastal zones, the features of sediment transport, and the long-term morphodynamics of the river outlets. Salinity and water level are also discussed, the latter also in the context of the anticipated global effect of accelerated sea level rise. The analysis shows The complete text of the paper is available at http://www.iopan.gda.pl/oceanologia/ 366 Z. Pruszak, P. V. Ninh, M. Szmytkiewicz, N. M. Hung, R. Ostrowski that the climatic and environmental conditions associated with geographical zones give rise to fundamental differences in the generation and dynamic evolution of the river mouths.
    [Show full text]
  • TRCA Meander Belt Width
    Belt Width Delineation Procedures Report to: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, Ontario M3N 1S4 Attention: Mr. Ryan Ness Report No: 98-023 – Final Report Date: Sept 27, 2001 (Revised January 30, 2004) Submitted by: Belt Width Delineation Protocol Final Report Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Organization .......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND CONTEXT FOR BELT WIDTH MEASUREMENTS …………………………………………………………………...3 2.1 Inroduction............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Planform ................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Meander Geometry................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Meander Belt versus Meander Amplitude............................................................. 7 2.5 Adjustments of Meander Form and the Meander Belt Width ............................... 8 2.6 Meander Belt in a Reach Perspective.................................................................. 12 3.0 THE MEANDER BELT AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING PURPOSES...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Link to SRSB Dune Restoration and Management Plan
    The Greater Salinas River State Beach Dune Restoration and Management Plan Central Coast Wetlands Group at Moss Landing Marine Labs and Coastal Conservation and Research in partnership with California Department of Parks and Recreation Revised June 2020 This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Existing Conditions and Background ....................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Site Description ............................................................................................................ 1 Plants and Animals at the Dunes ........................................................................................ 5 Dunes and Iceplant ....................................................................................................... 10 Previous Restoration Efforts in Monterey Bay ...................................................................... 12 Dunes as Coastal Protection from Storms ........................................................................... 14 Restoration Plan ............................................................................................................. 16 Summary................................................................................................................... 16 Restoration Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................... 18 Goal 1. Eradicate
    [Show full text]