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Special Areas in the Upper Limb and Their Borders the AXILLA O a PYRAMIDAL Space: Has a Flat Apex, 4 Walls, and a Base

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Special Areas in the Upper Limb and Their Borders the AXILLA O a PYRAMIDAL Space: Has a Flat Apex, 4 Walls, and a Base This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. Special Areas in the Upper Limb and their Borders THE AXILLA o A PYRAMIDAL space: has a flat apex, 4 walls, and a base. Superior border of scapula APEX First rib Clavicle Scapula POSTERIOR Subscapularis WALL Teres major Clavipectoral fascia LATERAL WALL Pectoralis minor ANTERIOR WALL Intertubercular groove of Pectoralis major the humerus; Thus also the tendon of Anterior axillary fold the long head of biceps MEDIAL WALL Chest wall and serratus anterior CONTENTS Axillary artery and its branches Axillary vein and its tributaries- brachial vein, basilic vein and thoracoepigastric vein Lymphatic vessels and axillary lymph nodes Cords and branches of the brachial plexus BOUNDARIES - Apex Medial wall – o Cervicoaxillary canal; passageway into the neck - Rib cage, chest wall – ribs 1-4 and o Bounded by the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula the intercostal muscles o The vessel and nerve’s gateway into the arm - Serratus anterior - Base o Axillary fossa: fat, fascia, skin Lateral wall – - Anterior Wall– - Narrow wall; intertubercular groove o Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, pectoral and clavipectoral fascia of the humerus o The inferior part is the anterior axillary fold - Posterior wall – o Scapula and subscapularis o Inferior border is the teres major and latissmus dorsi This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. The Medial Triangular Space, Lateral Triangular Space, and the Quadrangular Space These are gaps in the posterior wall of the axilla. They allow vessels and nerves to exit the axilla posteriorly. QUADRANGULAR SPACE Subscapularis and Teres Minor Surgical neck of Humerus Contents: RADIAL NERVE and POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY Teres Major Long Head of Triceps Subscapularis and Teres Minor Surgical neck of Humerus Teres Major Long Head of Triceps LATERAL TRIANGULAR SPACE MEDIAL TRIANGULAR SPACE Contents: Teres Major Circumflex scapular artery Contents: Surgical neck RADIAL NERVE Long Head of Humerus and of Triceps PROFUNDA BRACHII Border of scapula, ARTERY (deep artery Teres Minor and of the arm) Subscapularis Long Head of Triceps Teres Major This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. THE CUBITAL FOSSA ROOF OF THE FOSSA: Antebrachial fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin Basilic Vein CONTENTS OF THE ROOF: Bicipital aponeurosis Medial cutaneous Median cubital vein antebrachial nerve Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm SUPERIOR BORDER: An imaginary line between the two epicondyles of the humerus Cephalic vein Lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve MEDIAL BORDER: Pronator Teres LATERAL BORDER: Bicipital aponeurosis Brachioradialis FLOOR OF THE FOSSA: Brachialis and Supinator CONTENTS OF THE FLOOR Median nerve as it enters the arm Superficial branch of the radial nerve between the heads of pronator teres (as it runs under the brachioradialis) Deep brach of the radial nerve Deep Branch of the Brachial artery radial nerve Superficial branch of the radial nerve BOUNDARIES: - SUPERIORLY: An imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyle - LATERALLY: brachioradialis - MEDIALLY: Pronator teres - FLOOR: brachialis and supinator - ROOF: deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis, median cubital vein, medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm CONTENTS: - Brachial artery - Deep veins of the arm which accompany the brachial artery - Biceps tendon - Median nerve - SUPERFICIALLY: median cubital vein, medial and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm - DEEP, in the floor: deep and superficial branches of the radial nerve This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me. THE ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX o A TRIANGULAR superficial structure st APEX: 1 metacarpal The junction of the three tendons MEDIAL BORDER: Trapezium Extensor Pollicis Longus Scaphoid LATERAL BORDER: Extensor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus Radius BASE: CONTENTS: An imaginary boder, around about Radial artery where the radial styloid process is Cephalic Vein Scaphoid Trapezium Sometimes, Dorsal cutaneous branch of the radial nerve Is there an erotic mnemonic for this? No. A PLEP Be lateral? (APL, EPB lat border) EPL medial… A PLEP BEPL? APLE PBLEPL? Apple Pee BE PL? … .
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