Fishery Conservation and Management Pt. 622, App

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fishery Conservation and Management Pt. 622, App Fishery Conservation and Management Pt. 622, App. A or the U.S. Virgin Islands, the bag limit P. rigida specified in § 622.494(b) applies. Pterogorgia anceps, Angular sea whip (b) Trip limit. The trip limit for queen P. citrina, Yellow sea whip conch in or from the Caribbean EEZ is 200 Family Plexauridae queen conch per day. Eunicea calyculata, Warty sea rod E. clavigera § 622.496 Annual catch limits (ACLs), E. fusca, Doughnut sea rod annual catch targets (ACTs), and E. knighti accountability measures (AMs). E. laciniata E. laxispica See § 622.12 for applicable ACLs and E. mammosa, Swollen-knob AMs. E. succinea, Shelf-knob sea rod E. touneforti § 622.497 Adjustment of management Muricea atlantica measures. M. elongata, Orange spiny rod In accordance with the framework M. laxa, Delicate spiny rod procedure of the Fishery Management M. muricata, Spiny sea fan Plan for Queen Conch Resources of M. pinnata, Long spine sea fan Muriceopsis spp. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Is- M. flavida, Rough sea plume lands, the RA may establish or modify M. sulphurea the following items: Plexaura flexuosa, Bent sea rod (a) Quotas, trip limits, bag limits, P. homomalla, Black sea rod size limits, closed seasons or areas, Plexaurella dichotoma, Slit-pore sea rod gear restrictions, fishing year, MSY, P. fusifera OY, TAC, MFMT, MSST, OFL, ABC P. grandiflora P. grisea control rules, ACLs, AMs, ACTs, and P. nutans, Giant slit-pore actions to minimize the interaction of Pseudoplexaura crucis fishing gear with endangered species or P. flagellosa marine mammals. P. porosa, Porous sea rod (b) [Reserved] P. wagenaari 3. Hard Corals—Order Scleractinia APPENDIX A TO PART 622—SPECIES Family Acroporidae TABLES Acropora cervicornis, Staghorn coral A. palmata, Elkhorn coral TABLE 1 OF APPENDIX A TO PART 622— A. prolifera, Fused staghorn CARIBBEAN CORAL REEF RESOURCES Family Agaricidae Agaricia agaricites, Lettuce leaf coral I. Coelenterates—Phylum Coelenterata A. fragilis, Fragile saucer A. Hydrocorals—Class Hydrozoa A. lamarcki, Lamarck’s sheet 1. Hydroids—Order Anthoathecata Family Milleporidae A. tenuifolia, Thin leaf lettuce Millepora spp., Fire corals Leptoseris cucullata, Sunray lettuce Family Stylasteridae Family Astrocoeniidae Stylaster roseus, Rose lace corals Stephanocoenia michelinii, Blushing star B. Anthozoans—Class Anthozoa Family Caryophylliidae 1. Soft corals—Order Alcyonacea Eusmilia fastigiata, Flower coral Family Anthothelidae Tubastrea aurea, Cup coral Erythropodium caribaeorum, Encrusting Family Faviidae gorgonian Cladocora arbuscula, Tube coral Iciligorgia schrammi, Deepwater sea fan Colpophyllia natans, Boulder coral Family Briareidae Diploria clivosa, Knobby brain coral Briareum asbestinum, Corky sea finger D. labyrinthiformis, Grooved brain Family Clavulariidae D. strigosa, Symmetrical brain Carijoa riisei Favia fragum, Golfball coral Telesto spp. Manicina areolata, Rose coral 2. Gorgonian corals—Order Gorgonacea M. mayori, Tortugas rose coral Family Ellisellidae Montastrea annularis, Boulder star coral Ellisella spp., Sea whips M. cavernosa, Great star coral Family Gorgoniidae Solenastrea bournoni, Smooth star coral Gorgonia flabellum, Venus sea fan Family Meandrinidae G. mariae, Wide-mesh sea fan Dendrogyra cylindrus, Pillar coral G. ventalina, Common sea fan Dichocoenia stellaris, Pancake star Pseudopterogorgia acerosa, Sea plume D. stokesi, Elliptical star P. albatrossae Meandrina meandrites, Maze coral P. americana, Slimy sea plume Family Mussidae P. bipinnata, Bipinnate plume Isophyllastrea rigida, Rough star coral 375 VerDate Mar<15>2010 17:45 Jan 02, 2014 Jkt 229238 PO 00000 Frm 00385 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Q:\50\50V12.TXT ofr150 PsN: PC150.
Recommended publications
  • A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs (2019)
    THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/25279 SHARE A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs (2019) DETAILS 258 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-48535-7 | DOI 10.17226/25279 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs; Ocean Studies Board; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES SUGGESTED CITATION National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25279. Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs A RESEARCH REVIEW OF INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE THE PERSISTENCE AND RESILIENCE OF CORAL REEFS Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs Ocean Studies Board Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies A Consensus Study Report of Copyright National Academy of Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Turbidity Criterion for the Protection of Coral Reef and Hardbottom Communities
    DRAFT Implementation of the Turbidity Criterion for the Protection of Coral Reef and Hardbottom Communities Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration Florida Department of Environmental Protection October 2020 Contents Section 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of Document .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background Information ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Proposed Criterion and Rule Language .............................................................................................. 2 1.4 Threatened and Endangered Species Considerations .......................................................................... 5 1.5 Outstanding Florida Waters (OFW) Considerations ........................................................................... 5 1.6 Natural Factors Influencing Background Turbidity Levels ................................................................ 7 Section 2. Implementation in Permitting ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Permitting Information ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Establishing Baseline (Pre-project) Levels ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Mass Mortality of <I>Gorgonia Ventalina</I>
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 50(3): 522-526. 1992 A MASS MORTALITY OF GORGONIA VENT ALINA (CNIDARIA: GORGONIIDAE) IN THE SANTA MARTA AREA, CARIBBEAN COAST OF COLOMBIA Jaime Garzon-Ferreira and Sven Zea The steep, rocky shores of the Santa Marta area (including the Tayrona Natural Park) in the Colombian Caribbean (11012'N and 74°14'W to 11°18'N and 73°54'W) comprise more than 90 km of irregular shoreline (Fig. 1). Hard substrata continue below the sea surface usually down to a maximum depth of 30 m, supporting rich communities of reef associated organisms (Garzon-Ferreira and Cano, 1990). Gorgonaceans are common and can dominate the sessile biocoenosis at some sites. The sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina Linnaeus (Cnidaria, Gorgoniidae), was known as one of the most conspicuous and abundant of the 39 living species of gorgonaceans in the area (Botero, 1987a, 1987b; pers. observ.). In September 1988, one of us (J.G.-F.) started to dive intensively in the area to map marine communities, and noted the absence of live individuals of sea fans. By the end of 1990, J.G.-F. had surveyed most of the coast to a depth of 20-30 m, and was able to recognize the dramatic mortality suffered by sea fans around Santa Marta. This note documents this mass mortality, compares it with other similar events and discusses its possible date of occurrence and causes. There are a few reports of octocoral mass mortalities in the tropical western Atlantic, all of which involved mainly sea fans and occurred along the southern Caribbean during the 1980's (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coral Trait Database, a Curated Database of Trait Information for Coral Species from the Global Oceans
    www.nature.com/scientificdata OPEN The Coral Trait Database, a curated SUBJECT CATEGORIES » Community ecology database of trait information for » Marine biology » Biodiversity coral species from the global oceans » Biogeography 1 2 3 2 4 Joshua S. Madin , Kristen D. Anderson , Magnus Heide Andreasen , Tom C.L. Bridge , , » Coral reefs 5 2 6 7 1 1 Stephen D. Cairns , Sean R. Connolly , , Emily S. Darling , Marcela Diaz , Daniel S. Falster , 8 8 2 6 9 3 Erik C. Franklin , Ruth D. Gates , Mia O. Hoogenboom , , Danwei Huang , Sally A. Keith , 1 2 2 4 10 Matthew A. Kosnik , Chao-Yang Kuo , Janice M. Lough , , Catherine E. Lovelock , 1 1 1 11 12 13 Osmar Luiz , Julieta Martinelli , Toni Mizerek , John M. Pandolfi , Xavier Pochon , , 2 8 2 14 Morgan S. Pratchett , Hollie M. Putnam , T. Edward Roberts , Michael Stat , 15 16 2 Carden C. Wallace , Elizabeth Widman & Andrew H. Baird Received: 06 October 2015 28 2016 Accepted: January Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to Published: 29 March 2016 an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals; however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository.
    [Show full text]
  • MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
    MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari­ many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi­ greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside­ through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega­ and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in­ motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber­ W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an­ Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol­ the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex­ separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid­ one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi­ Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart­ known. Of 93 species reported from Ber­ mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Long Island and It's Adjacent Areas in Middle Andaman, India
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (01), January 2018, pp. 96-102 Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it’s adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, C. Raghunathan3 & R. Sornaraj2 1Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, Digha – 721428, West Bengal, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Thoothukudi – 628003, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053,West Bengal, India. [E.mail: [email protected] ] Received 05 November 2015 ; revised 17 November 2016 The diversity and distribution of gorgonian were assessed at seven sites at Long Island and it’s adjusting areas in Middle Andaman during 2013 to 2015. A total of 28 species of gorgonians are reported in shallow reef areas. Maximum life form was observed in Guaiter Island and Minimum in Headlamp Patch. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Islands, the species diversity was high for the genera Junceella, Subergorgia and Ellisella. Principal Component Analysis also supported for this three genes. [Keywords: Diversity, Gorgonian, Octocoral, Long Island, Middle Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar, India] Introduction The gorgonians popularly called as sea In India, the study on gorgonians fans and sea whips are marine sessile taxonomy initiated by Thomson and coelenterates with colonial skeleton and living Henderson15,16 and 50 species were reported of polyps1. They are exceptionally productive and a which 26 species were new from oyster banks of valuable natural asset.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
    PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • Gonian Eunicella Singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - Idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria
    Biodiversity Journal , 2019, 10 (3): 185–194 https://doi.org/ 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2019.10.3.185.194 Morphometric data and allometric relationships of the gor - gonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria Mouloud Benabdi 1, Lalla A. T. Cherif-Louazani 1, Alae Eddine Belmahi 1, Samir Grimes 2, Yassine G.E. Khames 3, Billel Boufekane 3, Salim Mouffok 1 & Mohamed Bouderbala 1 1Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté SNV, Université Oran1, Algeria 2École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l’Aménagement du Littoral Alger, Algeria 3Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoniidae) is abundant on rocky bottoms at Paloma Island (Algeria) in the south-western of the Mediterranean basin. In this study area, 150 gorgonian colonies of E. singularis were collected randomly using SCUBA diving and the following morphometric macro-features were measured (maximum height, maximum width, total branch length, rectangular surface area, height to width ratio and dry weight). Allometric growth was examined using the relationships between the dry weight and the five morphometric macro-features. The power equation of the simple allometry applied was y=ax b and the parameters of the linear regression a and b were estimated after the logarithmic transformation log (y)=log( a)+ b*log(x). The allometric relationships between the dry weight and the morphometric macro-features studied show that the growth of the gor - gonian E. singularis in the study area is correlated positively and significantly with the five macro-features and that both the macro-features total branch length and the maximum width are the most appropriate parameter applied to the gorgonian E.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Kitts Final Report
    ReefFix: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Ecosystem Services Valuation and Capacity Building Project for the Caribbean ST. KITTS AND NEVIS FIRST DRAFT REPORT JUNE 2013 PREPARED BY PATRICK I. WILLIAMS CONSULTANT CLEVERLY HILL SANDY POINT ST. KITTS PHONE: 1 (869) 765-3988 E-MAIL: [email protected] 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 6 Glossary of Terms 7 Acronyms 10 Executive Summary 12 Part 1: Situational analysis 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Physical attributes 16 1.2.1 Location 16 1.2.2 Area 16 1.2.3 Physical landscape 16 1.2.4 Coastal zone management 17 1.2.5 Vulnerability of coastal transportation system 19 1.2.6 Climate 19 1.3 Socio-economic context 20 1.3.1 Population 20 1.3.2 General economy 20 1.3.3 Poverty 22 1.4 Policy frameworks of relevance to marine resource protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 23 1.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 23 1.4.2 National Physical Development Plan (2006) 23 1.4.3 National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMS) 23 1.4.4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NABSAP) 26 1.4.5 Medium Term Economic Strategy Paper (MTESP) 26 1.5 Legislative instruments of relevance to marine protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 27 1.5.1 Development Control and Planning Act (DCPA), 2000 27 1.5.2 National Conservation and Environmental Protection Act (NCEPA), 1987 27 1.5.3 Public Health Act (1969) 28 1.5.4 Solid Waste Management Corporation Act (1996) 29 1.5.5 Water Courses and Water Works Ordinance (Cap.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Hard Coral Recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia
    Universitas Scientiarum, 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 Disponible en línea en: www.javeriana.edu.co/universitas_scientiarum 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 SICI: 2027-1352(201109/12)16:3<200:RHCRCSIC>2.0.TS;2-W Invited review Review on hard coral recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia Alberto Acosta1, Luisa F. Dueñas2, Valeria Pizarro3 1 Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 2 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina - BIOMMAR, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 3 Programa de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Santa Marta. Colombia. * [email protected] Recibido: 28-02-2011; Aceptado: 11-05-2011 Abstract Recruitment, defined and measured as the incorporation of new individuals (i.e. coral juveniles) into a population, is a fundamental process for ecologists, evolutionists and conservationists due to its direct effect on population structure and function. Because most coral populations are self-feeding, a breakdown in recruitment would lead to local extinction. Recruitment indirectly affects both renewal and maintenance of existing and future coral communities, coral reef biodiversity (bottom-up effect) and therefore coral reef resilience. This process has been used as an indirect measure of individual reproductive success (fitness) and is the final stage of larval dispersal leading to population connectivity. As a result, recruitment has been proposed as an indicator of coral-reef health in marine protected areas, as well as a central aspect of the decision-making process concerning management and conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Count Or Pointcount: Is Percent Octocoral Cover an Adequate Proxy for Octocoral Abundance? Matthew .J Lybolt University of South Florida
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-4-2003 Count or Pointcount: Is Percent Octocoral Cover an Adequate Proxy for Octocoral Abundance? Matthew .J Lybolt University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Lybolt, Matthew J., "Count or Pointcount: Is Percent Octocoral Cover an Adequate Proxy for Octocoral Abundance?" (2003). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1422 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COUNT OR POINTCOUNT: IS PERCENT OCTOCORAL COVER AN ADEQUATE PROXY FOR OCTOCORAL ABUNDANCE? by MATTHEW J. LYBOLT A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biological Oceanography College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Pamela Hallock Muller, Ph.D. Walter C. Jaap, B.S. James W. Porter, Ph.D. George Yanev, Ph.D. Date of Approval: 4 April 2003 Keywords: Octocoral, Gorgonia ventalina, Florida Keys, Percent Cover, Hurricane Georges © Copyright 2003, Matthew Lybolt Acknowledgements I would like to thank and acknowledge my major professor Dr. Pamela Hallock Muller for valuable input and much appreciated latitude. With her guidance, my skill as a writer and my capacity as a scientist have improved greatly. I would like to thank my committee members Walter Jaap, Dr.
    [Show full text]