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The Settlement and Annexation of the Occupied Palestinian Territories 3 DEBATE PACK Number CDP-0089 | 22 September 2020 Compiled by: The settlement and Nigel Walker annexation of the occupied Subject specialist: Anna Dickson Palestinian Territories Contents Main Chamber 1. Background 2 2. Press articles 3 Thursday 24 September 2020 3. Press releases 6 Backbench Business Committee 4. Parliamentary material 14 4.1 PQs 14 4.2 Debates 23 5. FCO report 24 6. Further reading 26 The proceedings of this debate can be viewed on Parliamentlive.tv The House of Commons Library prepares a briefing in hard copy and/or online for most non-legislative debates in the Chamber and Westminster Hall other than half-hour debates. Debate Packs are produced quickly after the announcement of parliamentary business. They are intended to provide a summary or overview of the issue being debated and identify relevant briefings and useful documents, including press and parliamentary material. More detailed briefing can be prepared for Members on request to the Library. www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Number CDP-0089, 22 September 2020 1. Background On 28 January 2020, the Trump Administration published its peace plan for the Middle East. Among its more controversial proposals is a land swap between Israel and the Palestinians. This would require Israel to annex land currently occupied by settlements in the West Bank. Some commentators and regional neighbours have argued that, if enacted, this would be the end of the peace process. Israeli settlements on land designated by the UN as Palestinian territory have been a longstanding issue of contention in the region. Approximately 460,000 Israelis now live in 132 officially recognized “settlements” and in 121 unofficial “outposts” in the West Bank.1 Most of the international community and the UN consider the settlements to be illegal under international law. The Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying state from moving its own civilians into the territory it occupies. According to the International Court of Justice, the West Bank is considered occupied territory because it was not part of Israel before the Israeli army conquered it in 1967. Israel considers that the Geneva Convention is not applicable to the West Bank because it only refers to a state occupying another state’s land. Israel considers the West Bank “disputed territory,” not occupied territory. Mr Netanyahu has said the plan is "not annexation", although it involves applying Israeli sovereignty to the parts of the West Bank which contain Jewish settlements, as well as most of a swathe of land along the West Bank's boundary with Jordan, known as the Jordan Valley. The Israeli Government has not yet proceeded with the proposed annexation, but maintains that the plans are “still on the table”. Recent peace agreements—establishing full diplomatic relations—with the UAE and Bahrain, were reported to have halted those plans. Prime Minister Netanyahu is facing a difficult political situation at home having fought three elections in as many years and is now locked into a power-sharing arrangement with the opposition. Netanyahu is also facing charges of fraud, breach of trust and accepting bribes in three separate cases. Israel has recorded more than 180,000 confirmed coronavirus cases and more than 1,200 deaths. The Government is struggling to impose its second lockdown faced with mounting protests and demonstrations. 1 The figures do not include an estimated 300,000 Jewish Israelis living in East Jerusalem The settlement and annexation of the occupied Palestinian Territories 3 2. Press articles The following is a selection of news and media articles relevant to this debate. Please note: the Library is not responsible for either the views or the accuracy of external content. EU-Israel Association Council back on agenda after annexation scrapped The Jerusalem Post Lahav Harkov 21 September 2020 Stop or suspend West Bank annexation? Devil in the detail for Israel-UAE deal Reuters Nidal al-Mughrabi and Dan Williams 2 September 2020 How a Proposed New Fund to Bolster the Palestinian Economy Stands to Benefit Israeli Settlers Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Zaha Hassan 2 September 2020 Israel halted annexation plans, but Palestinians are not ready to restore ties The Washington Post Steve Hendrix and Hazem Balousha 28 August 2020 Netanyahu’s plan for West Bank annexation hit by delays Financial Times Mehul Srivastava 17 July 2020 West Bank Annexation: International Rhetoric vs. Action Chatham House Reni Zhelyazkova and Yossi Mekelberg 14 July 2020 Annexation Will Probably Go Smoothly. The Problems Will Come Later. Foreign Policy Philip H. Gordon and Robert Malley 6 July 2020 Israel/OPT: 10 things you need to know about “annexation” Amnesty International 2 July 2020 4 Number CDP-0089, 22 September 2020 How Bibi’s Friends in the Settlements and in Washington Helped Scuttle His Annexation Move Foreign Policy Joshua Mitnick 2 July 2020 As Israel's friend, I urge you not to annex Ynetnews.com (internet version of Yedioth Ahronoth) UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson 1 July 2020 Israel’s annexation plan for the West Bank: All you need to know The Independent Bel Trew 1 July 2020 Israel's cabinet meets to finalise annexation plans The Observer Harriet Sherwood 28 June 2020 Report: Israel has told Abbas it will limit annexation to 2-3 settlement blocs Times of Israel 26 June 2020 Explainer: Israel, annexation and the West Bank BBC News Online 25 June 2020 Israeli annexation of parts of the Palestinian West Bank would break international law – UN experts call on the international community to ensure accountability OHCHR News 16 June 2020 Israel's West Bank annexation plan condemned by UN experts BBC News Online 16 June 2020 Palestinians 'ending accords with Israel and US' over annexation plan BBC News Online 25 May 2020 Netanyahu: Settlement annexation will bring peace The Jerusalem Post Lahav Harkov 17 May 2020 EU 'to rally against Israel's West Bank annexation proposal' BBC News Online 15 May 2020 The settlement and annexation of the occupied Palestinian Territories 5 UN publishes list of companies with ties to Israeli settlements The Guardian Oliver Holmes 12 February 2020 U.S. ambassador to Israel warns against West Bank annexation Politico 9 February 2020 Trump Middle East plan: Palestinians reject 'conspiracy' BBC News Online 29 January 2020 The US policy shift on Israeli settlements will not stop Palestinians persevering The Guardian Raja Shehadeh 21 November 2019 The White House Says Israeli Settlements in the West Bank Are No Longer Illegal. Here's What That Means Time Joseph Hincks 19 November 2019 Israel and the Palestinians: Can the settlement issue be solved? BBC News Online 18 November 2019 6 Number CDP-0089, 22 September 2020 3. Press releases Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary meeting with Jared Kushner, 3 September 2020 Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 4 September 2020 A Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office spokesperson said: The Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary met with US Senior Advisor to the President, Jared Kushner, to discuss the Middle East Peace Process following Mr Kushner’s recent visit to the region. They welcomed the historic Israel-UAE normalisation deal, and discussed wider US efforts to facilitate the normalisation of ties between Israel and Arab States. The Foreign Secretary updated Mr Kushner on his recent visit to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and his encouragement of a return to cooperation between the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships, as a first step on the road to a renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary were clear about their commitment to a negotiated two state solution. Securing peace between Israel and the Palestinians Foreign and Commonwealth Office 25 August 2020 Statement by Ambassador James Roscoe, Acting UK Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN, at the Security Council briefing on the Middle East: Thank you, Mr President, and thank you to Mr Mladenov for his briefing. Mr President, as others have done, I would like to say a few words about Lebanon. The devastating explosion in Beirut has caused enormous suffering and damage, as Mr Mladenov also set out. Our sympathies go out to all those who have been affected by this tragedy and who have lost loved ones. The UK stands with the Lebanese people in this hour of need. Our 25 million pound package of humanitarian support, as well as our technical experts who were deployed within days of the explosion, will help to address some of the critical needs of the most vulnerable in Lebanon. And the deployment of HMS Enterprise, one of our naval ships, on the 10th of August, also complements these efforts. Our support to the Lebanese army in their efforts to respond to the disaster is also critical. Turning to the topic of today’s discussion, Mr President, I would like to start by welcoming the announcement on the 13th of August, as set out by Ambassador Kelly, of the normalisation of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and, in particular, the suspension of Israel’s plans to annex parts of the West Bank. The settlement and annexation of the occupied Palestinian Territories 7 As my Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary have said, this is an historic step which sees the normalisation of relations between two great friends of the United Kingdom. The UK has consistently made clear in this Council our firm opposition to annexation, which would have been contrary to international law, counterproductive to securing peace in the region and a severe blow to the prospects of the two-state solution. We therefore profoundly hope that this moment can be used as a step towards direct talks between Israel and the Palestinians, as there can be no substitute for direct talks in order to reach a two-state solution and a lasting peace.
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