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Asean Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management (Final Draft)

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Asean Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management (Final Draft) ASEAN GUIDELINES ON SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT (FINAL DRAFT) The Regional Soil and Nutrient Management Expert Group Chair: Thandar Nyi (MMR) Vice-Chair: Varughese Philip (SGP) Mohd Izzannuddin bin Hj Bujang (BRN), Koy Ra (KHM), Budi Irianta (IDN), Pheng Sengxua and Nivong Sipaseuth (LAO), Asnita Abu Harirah and Borhan Bin Jantan (MYS), Sonia M. Salguero (PHL), Phatchayaphon Meunchang (THA), Vu Manh Quyet and Nguyen Quang Hai (VNM) and Philip Moody, Thomas Erich Jäkel, and Wannipa Soda Under commission of the ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Crops (ASWGC) on behalf of ASEAN and supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This ASEAN Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management (SNM) was completed by the commitment and voluntary work of the members of the ASEAN Expert Group on Soil and Nutrient Management. These members represented soil and nutrient management scientists in their respective member states, and were affiliated with the national lead Departments and Institutions, namely: Department of Agriculture and Agrifood, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM; Department of Agricultural Land Resources Management, CAMBODIA; Directorate General of Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities, INDONESIA; Department of Agricultural Land Management and Development, LAO PDR; Department of Agriculture, INDONESIA; Department of Agriculture, MALAYSIA; Department of Agriculture, MYANMAR; Bureau of Soil and Water Management, PHILIPPINES; Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority, SINGAPORE; Department of Agriculture, THAILAND; Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute, VIETNAM. In addition to the contributions made by the members of the core team, we received tremendous valuable technical contributions from sub-working groups of national experts in the ten ASEAN Member States (AMS) that comprise of many government agencies, universities, research institutes, non-profit organizations, and private companies who have supported the participation of their resident scientists, including representatives from farmer communities. These include KOSEKA farmer community and Pertanian Tropikal Utama Co., Ltd. (BRUNEI DARUSSALAM); Angkor Green Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Cam Agriculture Import Export Ltd., Center for Study and Development in Agriculture, Cambodian Institute for Research and Rural Development, Eco Agri Center, Hoang Long Mekong Group Ltd., Prek Leap National College of Agriculture, Nileda. Co., Ltd., Netherland Development Cooperation through Cambodia Horticulture, Soma Farm Co., Ltd. (CAMBODIA); Indonesia Soil Research Institute, Institute Pertanian Bogor Agricultural University, Tropical Horticulture Research Center, Indonesia Soil Expert Association, Indonesia Rice Research Center, Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjajaran University, Gajah Mada University, Lampung University, Sriwijaya University, North Sumatra University, Udayana University, Mataram University, Lambung Mangkurat University, and Hasanuddin University (INDONESIA); Science Council of Laos, and National University of Laos (Lao PDR); ESPEK Research and Advisory Services Sdn. Bhd., University Putra Malaysia, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, and Malaysian Rubber Board (MALAYSIA); Yezin Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Research, Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Marlar Myaing, Co., Ltd., United Nilar, Co., Ltd, Awba, Co., Ltd., Avenetine Ltd., Suprene, Co., Ltd. (MYANMAR); Standards in the South-East Asian Food Trade (SAFT); Land Development Department, Department of Agricultural Extension, Kasetsart University, Rice Department, Soil and Fertilizer Society of Thailand, Thailand Fertilizer Producer and Trade Association, Thai Fertilizer and Agricultural Supplies Association (THAILAND); Department of Crop Production, Ministry i ASEAN GUIDELINES ON SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Science Institute For Southern Coastal Central Vietnam, Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam, National Agricultural Extension Center, Research Center for Soils and Fertilizers, Southern Vietnam, Sub-National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection, Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development of Vietnam, Vietnam Soil Science Society, National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Institute for Agricultural Environment, The Western Highlands Agro-Forestry Scientific and Technical Institute, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Can Tho University, Cuu Long Rice Research Institute, Lam Thao JSC, Thien Sinh Co., Ltd., Humix Co., Ltd., Phuoc Hung Co., Ltd. (VIETNAM). We would like to express our gratitude to all aforementioned coordinating lead authors, contributing authors, and reviewers. We would also like to thank the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) for their dedication in coordinating throughout the development process of the production of this first Regional Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management. Appreciation is expressed to the various government agencies and private companies who have supported the participation of their staff. In particular, we express our gratitude to the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH implementing agency on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Republic of Germany, through the ASEAN Sustainable Agrifood System (ASEAN SAS) who financially supported the development and publication of these guidelines. ASEAN GUIDELINES ON SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and scope of the Guidelines These Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management and accompanying policy recommendations comprise advice prepared for agricultural decision makers. These decision makers may be a group or person that has the authority to make or to influence policy decisions, whether as a Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in ASEAN or in a member state of ASEAN, a member of an ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Crops (ASWGC), a project steering committee, or an authority mandated to manage soil and nutrients in the region, including international, regional, and national bodies. The policy recommendations serve to inform how science - based evidence and recommendations on climate - resilient soil and nutrient management can assist in making the best decisions on soil and nutrient management that contribute towards sustaining agricultural production and enhancing food security. Soil and nutrient management is an integrated system to manage soils, nutrients, water and crops in a sustainable manner to optimise crop production and maintain/improve soil health. These Guidelines provide regionally relevant guidance as a key component of the Strategic Plan of Action for the ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework. The ultimate objective of the AIFS Framework is to achieve food security of the region by promoting adaptive and resilient ‘climate - smart’ agricultural systems that underpin a productive and profitable rural sector, while maintaining the functional capacity of the soil resource to provide essential ecosystem functions (commonly described as ‘soil health’), including mitigation of emission of greenhouse gases. Climate - smart agricultural systems are necessarily underpinned by the principles of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and this dependency is acknowledged in the Guidelines. Recommendations for implementation of the Guidelines The Guidelines on Soil and Nutrient Management are the technical base of a proposed Implementation Framework for Soil and Nutrient Management in the ASEAN region (Fig. A). iii ASEAN GUIDELINES ON SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Figure A. Implementation Framework for Soil and Nutrient Management in the ASEAN region. This Implementation Framework for Soil and Nutrient Management addresses the following goals in the Vision and Strategic Plan for ASEAN Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (2016-2025): ‘Ensuring food security, food safety and better nutrition’, and ‘Increasing resilience to, and contributing to, mitigation and adaptation of climate change, natural disasters and other shocks’. Specifically the Implementation Framework addresses Strategic Thrust 3/Action Program 3.1 of this document, namely: ‘Effectively implement the ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in ASEAN Region (SPA - FS, 2015 - 2020)’. ASEAN GUIDELINES ON SOIL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT iv Other Strategic Thrusts/Action Programmes in the ASEAN Vision and Strategic Plan that are also addressed by the Implementation Framework include: • Strategic Thrust 1 (Sustainable ‘green’ technologies, resource management systems) 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.9, 1.12 and 1.13; • Strategic Thrust 2 (Trade and economic integration) 2.2; • Strategic Thrust 4 (Resilience to climate change) 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.6, and 4.7. Implementation of regional soil and nutrient management is necessarily underpinned by: (A) Technology Packages, (B) Decision Support Systems, (C) Delivery Systems and (D) Regulatory Functions (Fig. A). During the development of the Guidelines, the following exemplar packages and systems were identified that could be integrated regionally to achieve the implementation of climate-smart and resilient agricultural systems
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