Mining Methods and Unit Operation
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Applicability of Siberian Placer Mining Technology to Alaska
MIRL Report No. 89 Applicability- - of Siberian Placer Mining Technology to Alaska Dr. Frank J. Skudrzyk, Project Manager E++W Engineering Consultants 461 1 Dartmouth Fairbanks, Alaska James C,Barker U.S. Bureau of Mines Alaska Field Operations Cenkr Fairbanks. Alaska Daniel E. Walsh School of Mineral Engineering University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska Rocky MacDonald American Arctic Company Fairbanks, Alaska Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 9 1-6 1923 ISBN 0-911043-12-8 May, 1991 Published bv Mined Industry Research Laboratory 212 ONeill Building University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-1 180 Alaska Science and Technology Foundation 550 West 7th Avenue Suite 360 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 ABSTRACT The result of Perestroyka and Glasnost has been an awakening of potential for cooperation between East and West. Nowhere has that been better demonstrated than between Alaska and Magadan Province, USSR. This report summarizes a one year effort financed by ASTF, with participation from several technical organizations, to establish contacts with the Siberian placer mining industry. The purpose of the project was to provide initial assessment of the Soviet technology for placer mining in permafrost. A ten day trip to Magadan province by an ASTF team and a similar length visit to Alaska by the Soviet mining group representing the All Union Scientific and Research Institute of Gold and Rare Metals, (VNII-I), Magadan are described. The report also reviews translated data on mining in permafrost and describes surface and underground placer mining technology developed by the Soviets. The report also lists relevant publications on Soviet mining research and state of the art Soviet mining technology and expertise. -
The Strip Mining Handbook
1 FOREWORD 2 by 3 U.S. Rep. Morris K. Udall, Chairman 4 House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee 5 January, 1990 6 Congressman Morris (“Mo”) Udall, tireless champion of the federal strip mining laws, passed away on December 12, 1998. This foreword, which first appeared in the 1980 edition of this book, is included in its entirety as a tribute to Mo and to his extraordinary efforts to protect the public and the environment from the ravages of strip mining. 7 8 9 In the 1960's and early 1970's coal strip mining quickly overwhelmed underground mining as the 10 dominant mining method. But the new mining methods brought ravaged hillsides and polluted streams 11 to the once-beautiful landscape. State governments proved ill-equipped to prevent the severe 12 environmental degradation that this new mining method left in its wake. From our rivers, forests and 13 Appalachian Mountains in the East, to our prime farmlands of the Midwest, to our prairies and deserts of the 14 great West, stories abound during this time of reckless coal operators devastating landscapes, polluting 15 the water, destroying family homes, churches and cemeteries, and threatening fragile ecosystems. Perhaps 16 the most tragic case of abuse came on February 26th, 1972, at Buffalo Creek in Logan County, West Virginia, 17 when a crudely constructed coal waste dam collapsed causing a flood that killed 125 people, left scores of 18 others homeless, and caused millions of dollars in property damage. Something had to be done. 19 I was proud to stand in the White House Rose Garden on August 3rd, 1977, to witness the President sign 20 into law a bill that I sponsored — the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). -
The La Grange Mine Site Historical Lesson Plan Grade 7
Teaching About Historic Places Lesson Plan Grade 7 The La Grange Mine: Changing the Landscape in the Quest for Gold Located on the slopes of the Trinity Mountains, the La Grange Mine serves as a silent reminder of what people will do in their quest for gold. Today, all that remains of this mine are some discarded things left by the miners. Only the scars on the land and the isolated items left behind can tell us the story of this once-great mine. The La Grange Mine story began in the late 1860s. It was during this time that the mountains west of Weaverville in Trinity County became a center for hydraulic gold mining. The gold found in this area was in such low amounts that special methods were needed to remove it from the ground. The method used was known as hydraulic mining. It involved washing the dirt with large amounts of water. In order to make sure that there was enough water for hydraulic mining to take place, in 1873 a group of local miners got together to form the Weaverville Ditch and Hydraulic Mining Company. This company was bought by Baron Ernest de La Grange for $250,000. Between 1893 and (Top photo shows La Grange Mine circa 1930s; Bottom photo shows the La Grange workers with gold 1915, the La Grange Mine became bars recovered from mine - California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology Library, and Trinity County Historical Society Archives Photos.) the largest hydraulic mine in California. By the early 20th the La Grange Mine produced $3,500,000 worth of gold. -
Sublevel Retreat Mining in the Subarctic: a Case Study of the Diavik Diamond Mine
Caving 2018 – Y Potvin and J Jakubec (eds) © 2018 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9924810-9-4 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1815_02_Lewis Sublevel retreat mining in the subarctic: a case study of the Diavik Diamond Mine PA Lewis Rio Tinto, Canada LM Clark Rio Tinto, Canada SJ Rowles Rio Tinto, Canada CP Auld Rio Tinto, Canada CM Petryshen Rio Tinto, Canada AP Elderkin Rio Tinto, Canada Abstract Diavik Diamond Mine is located on the subarctic tundra of the Northwest Territories, Canada, 300 km northeast of Yellowknife. When its first two open pits were exhausted in 2012, it completed the full transition to underground mining. Three orebodies are currently being mined underground using two mining methods: blasthole open stoping and sublevel retreat (SLR). SLR was not an original method as described in the feasibility study. As the pits were mined, the underground project developed, and additional information became available. Over time, it became apparent that SLR would be the optimal method for two of the orebodies. A great deal has been learnt throughout development and operation of the SLR method at Diavik. This paper examines considerations for ventilation, production drilling and blasting, geotechnical concerns, and operational constraints for SLR mining in the subarctic. It also describes the process for method selection and the overall lessons learned. Keywords: sublevel retreat, SLR, arctic, underground 1 Introduction to Diavik The kimberlite orebodies of Diavik Diamond Mine were discovered in the early 1990s below Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The mine is situated on the tundra of the Canadian subarctic on what is locally known as East Island. -
Underground Hard-Rock Mining: Subsidence and Hydrologic Environmental Impacts
Technical Report on Underground Hard-Rock Mining: Subsidence and Hydrologic Environmental Impacts By Steve Blodgett, M.S. and James R. Kuipers, P.E. Center for Science in Public Participation Bozeman, MT February 2002 Abstract: Subsidence and hydrology impacts occur at every underground mining operation bringing about changes to surface landforms, ground water and surface water. Although the same impacts to mining operations, man-made surface structures and other features are relatively well known and studied, the environmental impacts related to subsidence and hydrology at underground mines are not well known and have not been extensively described. This report examines the occurrence and environmental impacts of subsidence and effects on hydrology at underground hard-rock metal mines in the U.S. and abroad. Technical and scientific literature is cited on the cause and effect of underground mining on surface landforms and water resources. Existing laws and recommended regulatory provisions to address these impacts are discussed. Conclusions about subsidence and hydrologic impacts at underground hard-rock metal mines are provided along with recommendations for addressing those impacts. Case studies are provided from copper, molybdenum, silver and other hard-rock mines where significant subsidence and hydrology-related environmental impacts have occurred. The Center for Science in Public Participation (CSP2) is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing professional technical assistance to public interest groups; state, tribal and federal governments; and industry. This report has been published with financial support from various foundations and individuals, and from the Mineral Policy Center and Amigos Bravos. The opinions contained in this study are those of the authors and are based solely upon their own scientific and technical knowledge and expertise. -
Mining's Toxic Legacy
Mining’s Toxic Legacy An Initiative to Address Mining Toxins in the Sierra Nevada Acknowledgements _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Sierra Fund would like to thank Dr. Carrie Monohan, contributing author of this report, and Kyle Leach, lead technical advisor. Thanks as well to Dr. William M. Murphy, Dr. Dave Brown, and Professor Becky Damazo, RN, of California State University, Chico for their research into the human and environmental impacts of mining toxins, and to the graduate students who assisted them: Lowren C. McAmis and Melinda Montano, Gina Grayson, James Guichard, and Yvette Irons. Thanks to Malaika Bishop and Roberto Garcia for their hard work to engage community partners in this effort, and Terry Lowe and Anna Reynolds Trabucco for their editorial expertise. For production of this report we recognize Elizabeth “Izzy” Martin of The Sierra Fund for conceiving of and coordinating the overall Initiative and writing substantial portions of the document, Kerry Morse for editing, and Emily Rivenes for design and formatting. Many others were vital to the development of the report, especially the members of our Gold Ribbon Panel and our Government Science and Policy Advisors. We also thank the Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment and The Abandoned Mine Alliance who provided funding to pay for a portion of the expenses in printing this report. Special thanks to Rebecca Solnit, whose article “Winged Mercury and -
A Long Hole Stoping System for Mining Narrow Platinum Reefs
A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs by P. van Dorssen*, P. Valicek*, M. Farren*, G. Harrison*, W. Joubert*, R.G.B. Pickering†, and H.J. van Rensburg‡ Introduction ➤ Services requirement ➤ Ore removal and cleaning requirement In South African metalliferous mines, stoping operations are ➤ Training requirement largely confined to narrow, tabular orebodies making mechanization extremely difficult. Limited flexibility in terms of stope width has necessitated drilling by means of hand Safety targets held, pneumatic rock drills at most of our operations. As the All persons involved with the project had to adhere to the largest producer of platinum in the world, we drill in excess mine’s safety programmes including the zero-tolerance of forty million stope blast holes per annum. Cleaning of the campaign, and were required to report all hazards observed broken ore is also done by conventional means—utilizing immediately. Mine personnel and Tamrock carried out a full scrapers and scraper winches. Conventional methods such as risk assessment on the drill rig before transporting these carry high costs in terms of risk exposure as well as underground. A further risk assessment was carried out labour intensity. when the machine was in position underground. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a long hole stoping system suitable for the narrow platinum reefs. The new system had to be substantially safer Mining layout and more cost effective than conventional mining. We selected a site that was conducive to mechanized mining and See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for a detailed description. set out the parameters that we considered would meet our requirements. -
Pike Law Geology Report by Colin Fowler
Geology of the Pike Law area. The Pike law mine site lies astride the Newbiggin to Westgate road, bounded on the east by Flushiemere beck and on the west by Westerbeck, with Broadley Hill at the NE corner being the highest point at 530m. Dunham describes the area: “The outcrop of the beds between the base of the Great Limestone and the Firestone on Pike Law, between Wester Beck and Flushiemere Beck, is traversed by a remarkable complex of veins.” (PP 243) Details of the geology have been given by Dunham, (1948 &1990); Bridges and Young, (2007); Bevins et al, (2010). Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:63,360/1:50,000 geological map series, New Series, sheet 25, Alston. The area has been worked by shaft, adit and hush, with 3 named areas of hush to the East of the road, Leonard’s Hush; Pikelaw Hush and Flask Hushes. To the West of the road, West End Hushes. There are a complex of leats and old dams forming reservoirs on both sides of the road, though non of them seem to have been able to hold sufficient water to enable hydraulic flushing alone to have created the hushes that we see. It is most likely to have been quarried and the water used for washing the mineral. “The production of lead concentrates from 1852 to 1891, when all work ceased was only 1725 tons.” (Dunham) “Surface evidence suggests that the area had been heavily worked prior to 1852, and what is recorded is the last gleanings of an old mining field” (Fairburn, A 2009) The figure given in Dunham may be optimistic, J. -
Effects of Longwall Mining Subsidence on Ground Water
EFFECTS OF LONGW ALL MINING SUBSIDENCE ON GROUND WATER LEVELS WITHIN A WATERSHED HYDRAULICALLY ISOLATED FROM MINE DRAINAGE' Bogdan Staszewski2 Abstract: Surface and ground water resources are effectively preserved from depletion by underground mine drainage if impervious deposits of sufficient thickness and extent that underlie the aquifer avoid fracturing and undergo only plastic deformation resulted from the strata flexure. This does not mean, however, that these waters are not subjected to the effects of mining disturbance. Differential vertical settlement of the mine overburden and the ground surface can significantly affect flow pattern and water retention within a watershed area. This is evident, for example, in the areas of multi seam coal mining where the longwall method is used. The effects of this type of mining on water level were tested in a selected watershed where shallow water bearing deposits were entirely isolated from underground mine pumpage. Results of more than 7 years of field investigations were compared with data collected from other coal mining areas of various hydrogeological conditions. The study revealed a variety of water table responses on the postmining subsidence. Basically, changes of water table height in a given site above the point located at the top of aquifer base depend mainly on alteration of that point position against the local drainage base in the hierarchic structure of flow system. The relationship between the magnitude of ground subsidence and water level decline varies within the area of the subsidence trough, within the watershed, and among various watersheds of different hydrogeologic conditions. Except for the situation of hydrostatic flow conditions, lowering of water table elevation in response to the settlement of aquifer base was observed. -
Douglas Simpson Archive
Douglas Simpson Archive Papers donated by Angela Simpson Papers dated December 1942 - September 1983 NEIMME/DS/1- NEIMME/ DS/81 NEIMME/DS/1 Creation Date: 1982/1983 Extent and Form: 1 A4 page-double sided-printed Scope and Content: Frontpiece Nos: 250-260- Black & White photograph of Douglas N Simpson BSc, CEng, FIMinE. President of the Institution of Mining Engineers 1983-1984 + a short biography of his career up un till 1967. NCB Papers/Reports NEIMME/DS/1/1a-e Creation Date: 11 August 1954 Extent and Form: 5 foolscap pages-typed Scope and Content: Coal Mines Act, 1911. The ministry of Fuel and Power in pursuance of Clause 14(3) of the Coal Mines (Explosives) Order, 1951, Hereby approves the type of ELECTRIC SHOT FIRING APPARATUS known as THE BEETHOVEN DYNAMO-CONDENSER TYPE MARK II 100 SHOT EXPLODER manufactured by THE WILKES BERGER ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED of High Wycombe, Bucks. And submitted by MARSTON EXCELSIOR LIMITED of Fordhouses, Wolverhampton designed, constructed and marked in accordance with the Schedule annexed hereto as an electrical shot-firing apparatus for use in sinking operations or in a part of a mine where permitted explosives are not required to be used. NEIMME/DS/1/2a-e Creation Date: [no date] Extent and Form: 5 foolscap pages-typed Scope and Content: CONTROL OF CAPITAL AND MAJOR REVENUE EXPENDITURE. (Incorporating discontinuance of Activities and disposal of assets) NEIMME/DS/1/3 Creation Date: [no date] Extent and Form: spreadsheet-typed Scope and Content: ITEMS AS SUPPLIED BY BOARD COMMON TO ALL CONTRACTS. 1. Temporary access roads etc. -
The Applicability of Underground Mining Methods in Limestone Quarries of Western Taurus
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining, Material and Metallurgical Engineering Prague, Czech Republic, August 11-12, 2014 Paper No. 61 The Applicability of Underground Mining Methods in Limestone Quarries of Western Taurus Mete Kun, Baran Tufan Department of Mining Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University Izmir, Turkey [email protected]; [email protected] Nejat Kun Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University Izmir, Turkey [email protected] Abstract -Turkey is one of the world leaders in the production and trading of natural stones for a decade, especially with rich calcium carbonate originated marble reserves. The marble quarrying in Turkey gathered around three main regions with production of more than 700 type of limestone, marble, travertine and other decorative stones with different colors and patterns. These regions can be listed as Aegean, Mediterranean and Central Anatolia. The Mediterranean Region stands out with light colored limestone which is in demand nowadays. The underground mining becomes a preferable alternative regarding the increasing production capacity, increasing transportation cost due to deepening open pits, necessity of selective production and occurrence of waste problems. The operating parameters are investigating regarding these difficulties in limestone quarries applying room and pillar method in Southern Turkey (Western Taurus). The internal parameters of the related rock sample is investigated and revealed by laboratory tests and experiments. The parameters are applied to a two dimensional model suitable for underground mining and applicable to related quarry to form the room and pillar geometry. The results gathered by modeling are compared to the underground quarry survey results and the safety factors for the underground openings (rooms) and pillars are evaluated in comparison. -
93 Placer Tailings Are Features on the Historic-Period Mining Landscape
PAPERS ON HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 93 GGGOLDOLDOLD IN THETHETHE TAILINGSAILINGSAILINGS MICHAEL DAVID NEWLAND Recent field research of post-Gold Rush placer-mining operations along the Feather River suggests that placer tailings, the cleaned and processed rock and sediment waste of placer-mining operations, can contain important information about mining technique and landscape reconstruction. In addition, careful reconstruction of mining events can tie early mining claims with their mining operations. Two placer-mining sites, Spring Valley Gulch, worked in the 1860s-1870s, and the McCabe Creek Complex, worked in 1853-1860, both studied as part of the Oroville Relicensing Project, will be used as illustrations. lacer tailings are features on the historic-period mining landscape These three questions can be addressed using two sites as case that are typically ignored or recorded minimally, because studies: the Spring Valley Gulch complex and the McCabe Creek Presearchers think that either there is no information potential complex. there, or such features are too complex to address during field study. Placer tailings are found throughout the gold country of the west, and indeed around the world. Tailings are the bi-product of mining: the TWO CASE STUDIES: SPRING VALLEY GULCH AND MCCABE CREEK scraped, washed, or otherwise processed boulders, cobbles, and finer sediments left as a end result of mining; this paper focuses only on Spring Valley Gulch (CA-BUT-1872/H) placer mining and not on other forms of gold extraction. Spring Valley Gulch is filled with mining sites dating to the A lot has been said about tailings over the past two decades, and 1860s-1870s.