DOCSLIB.ORG

Pest Risk Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

United States Department of Agriculture Pest Risk Assessment Forest Service of the Importation Into Forest Products Laboratory the United States of General Technical Report Unprocessed Logs and FPL−GTR−137 Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species From Australia P. (=Tryphocaria) solida, P. tricuspis; Scolecobrotus westwoodi; Abstract Tessaromma undatum; Zygocera canosa], ghost moths and carpen- The unmitigated pest risk potential for the importation of unproc- terworms [Abantiades latipennis; Aenetus eximius, A. ligniveren, essed logs and chips of 18 species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus amyg- A. paradiseus; Zelotypia stacyi; Endoxyla cinereus (=Xyleutes dalina, E. cloeziana, E. delegatensis, E. diversicolor, E. dunnii, boisduvali), Endoxyla spp. (=Xyleutes spp.)], true powderpost E. globulus, E. grandis, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. ovata, E. pilularis, beetles (Lyctus brunneus, L. costatus, L. discedens, L. parallelocol- E. regnans, E. saligna, E. sieberi, E. viminalis, Corymbia calo- lis; Minthea rugicollis), false powderpost or auger beetles (Bo- phylla, C. citriodora, and C. maculata) from Australia into the strychopsis jesuita; Mesoxylion collaris; Sinoxylon anale; Xylion United States was assessed by estimating the likelihood and conse- cylindricus; Xylobosca bispinosa; Xylodeleis obsipa, Xylopsocus quences of introduction of representative insects and pathogens of gibbicollis; Xylothrips religiosus; Xylotillus lindi), dampwood concern. Twenty-two individual pest risk assessments were pre- termite (Porotermes adamsoni), giant termite (Mastotermes dar- pared, fifteen dealing with insects and seven with pathogens. The winiensis), drywood termites (Neotermes insularis; Kalotermes selected organisms were representative examples of insects and rufinotum, K. banksiae; Ceratokalotermes spoliator; Glyptotermes pathogens found on foliage, on the bark, in the bark, and in the tuberculatus; Bifiditermes condonensis; Cryptotermes primus, wood of eucalypts. C. brevis, C. domesticus, C. dudleyi, C. cynocephalus), subterra- nean termites (Schedorhinotermes intermedius intermedius, S. i. Among the insects and pathogens assessed for logs as the commod- actuosus, S. i. breinli, S. i. seclusus, S. reticulates; Heterotermes ity, high risk potentials were assigned to the following 14 organ- ferox, H. paradoxus; Coptotermes acinaciformis, C. frenchi, isms or groups of organisms: leaf beetles (Chrysophtharta and C. lacteus, C. raffrayi; Microcerotermes boreus, M. distinctus, Paropsis species, including C. agricola, C. bimaculata, P. atom- M. implicadus, M. nervosus, M. turneri; Nasutitermes exitiosis), aria, P charybdis, P. delittlei), ambrosia beetles and pinworms Botryosphaeria canker pathogen (Botryosphaeria ribis), Cry- (Austroplatypus incompertus; Platypus australis, P. subgranosus, phonectria eucalypti canker pathogen (Cryphonectria eucalypti), P. tuberculosus; Amasa truncatus; Ambrosiodmus compressus; stain and vascular wilt fungi [Ceratocystis eucalypti, C. monili- Xyleborus perforans; Xylosandrus solidus; Atractocerus crassicor- formis, C. moniliformopsis, Ophiostoma pluriannulatum (or closely nis, A. kreuslerae, Atractocerus sp.), round-headed wood borers related species), Ceratocystis spp., Ophiostoma spp.; Chalara spp., [Callidiopsis scutellaris; Coptocercus rubripes, Coptocercus sp.; Graphium spp., Leptographium lundbergii (anamorphic stages of Epithora dorsalis; Hesthesis cingulata; Macrones rufus; Ophiostomataceae)], and the root-, sapwood-, and heart- rot fungi Phlyctaenodes pustulosus; Phoracantha (=Tryphocaria) acantho- [Phellinus gilvus, P. noxius, P. rimosus, P. robustus, P. wahlbergii; cera, P. (=Tryphocaria) mastersi, P. odewahni, P. punctipennis, Inonotus albertinii, I. chondromyeluis, I. rheades; Hymenochaete sp.; Stereum hirsutum; Fistulina spiculifera; Ganoderma lucidum; Gymnopilus junonius (= G. spectabilus, = G. pampeanus); Ompha- lotus nidiformis; Perenniporia medulla-panis; Piptiporus aus- December 2003 traliensis, P. portentosus]. A moderate pest risk potential was Kliejunas, John T.; Burdsall, Harold H., Jr.; DeNitto, Gregg A.; Eglitis, assigned to four organisms or groups of organisms, including the Andris; Haugen, Dennis A.; Harverty, Michael I.; Micales, Jessie A.; Tkacz, gumleaf skeletonizer moth (Uraba lugens), foliar disease fungi Borys M.; Powell, Mark R. 2003. Pest risk assessment of the importation (Aulographina eucalypti, Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti, Cylindrocla- into the United States of unprocessed logs and chips of eighteen Eucalypt dium spp., Phaeophleospora spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Quam- Species from Australia. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-137. Madison, WI: U.S. balaria pitereka), Seiridium canker fungi (Seiridium eucalypti, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. S. papillatum), and the Armillaria root rot fungi (Armillaria fu- 206 p. mosa, A. hinnulea, A. luteobubalina, A. novae-zealandiae, A. A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the pallidula). When chips were considered as the commodity, the risk public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, potentials remained high for the true powderpost beetles, false Madison, WI 53726–2398. This publication is also available online at (auger) powderpost beetles, Cryphonectria eucalypti, the stain and www.fpl.fs.fed.us. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds vascular wilt fungi, and the root-, sapwood-, and heart-rot fungi; of libraries in the United States and elsewhere. dropped from high to moderate for the ambrosia beetles and pin- The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the worms and for Botryosphaeria ribis; and dropped from high to low University of Wisconsin. for the leaf beetles, the round-headed wood borers, ghost moths and carpenterworms, the dampwood termite, the giant termite, drywood The use of trade or firm names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or termites, and subterranean termites. The risk potential for the service. Seiridium canker fungi remained at moderate, while the risk poten- tial for the gumleaf skeletonizer moth, the foliar disease fungi and The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimina- the Armillaria root rot fungi dropped from moderate to low for the tion in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national chip commodity. For those organisms of concern that are associated origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) with logs and chips of Australian eucalypts, specific phytosanitary Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication measures may be required to ensure the quarantine safety of of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact proposed importations. the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Keywords: pest risk assessment, Eucalyptus, Corymbia, eucalypt, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Wash- Australia, log importation, chip importation ington, DC 20250–9410, or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Pest Risk Assessment of the Importation Into the United States of Unprocessed Logs and Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species From Australia John T. Kliejunas Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Gregg A. DeNitto Andris Eglitis Dennis A. Haugen Michael I. Haverty Jessie A. Micales Borys M. Tkacz Mark R. Powell ii Contents Page Page Wood Import Pest Risk Assessment Chapter 4. Summary and Conclusions........................... 137 and Mitigation Evaluation Team..................................... iv Background ................................................................. 137 Acknowledgments............................................................... v Pest Risk Assessment .................................................. 137 Executive Summary .......................................................... vii Major Pests of Eucalypts on Imported Logs or Chips. 142 Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................... 1 Eucalypt Logs as Commodity.................................. 142 Background ..................................................................... 1 Eucalypt Chips as Commodity................................. 143 Statement of Purpose....................................................... 1 Factors Influencing Risk Potential .............................. 143 Scope of Assessment....................................................... 1 Effects of Chipping on Insects and Pathogens ............ 144 Pest Risk Assessment Process......................................... 1 Conclusions ................................................................. 145 Outreach .......................................................................... 6 Chapter 5. Bibliography................................................. 147 Site Visits ........................................................................ 6 Appendix A—Team’s Site Visits to Australia................ 159 Resources at Risk ............................................................ 6 Canberra: September 12–15, 2001 .............................. 159 Chapter 2. Eucalypt Resources of Australia ...................... 9 New South Wales, Queensland: Eucalypt Taxonomy .......................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves

    The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves

    The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves Project funded under the Central Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Data Priorities Program Conservation Assessment and Data Unit Conservation Programs and Planning Branch, Metropolitan Environmental Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CADU (Central) Manager Special thanks to: Julie Ravallion Nattai NP Area staff for providing general assistance as well as their knowledge of the CADU (Central) Bioregional Data Group area, especially: Raf Pedroza and Adrian Coordinator Johnstone. Daniel Connolly Citation CADU (Central) Flora Project Officer DEC (2004) The Native Vegetation of the Nattai Nathan Kearnes and Bargo Reserves. Unpublished Report. Department of Environment and Conservation, CADU (Central) GIS, Data Management and Hurstville. Database Coordinator This report was funded by the Central Peter Ewin Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division, Biodiversity Survey Priorities Program. Logistics and Survey Planning All photographs are held by DEC. To obtain a Nathan Kearnes copy please contact the Bioregional Data Group Coordinator, DEC Hurstville Field Surveyors David Thomas Cover Photos Teresa James Nathan Kearnes Feature Photo (Daniel Connolly) Daniel Connolly White-striped Freetail-bat (Michael Todd), Rock Peter Ewin Plate-Heath Mallee (DEC) Black Crevice-skink (David O’Connor) Aerial Photo Interpretation Tall Moist Blue Gum Forest (DEC) Ian Roberts (Nattai and Bargo, this report; Rainforest (DEC) Woronora, 2003; Western Sydney, 1999) Short-beaked Echidna (D. O’Connor) Bob Wilson (Warragamba, 2003) Grey Gum (Daniel Connolly) Pintech (Pty Ltd) Red-crowned Toadlet (Dave Hunter) Data Analysis ISBN 07313 6851 7 Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly Report Writing and Map Production Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report describes the distribution and composition of the native vegetation within and immediately surrounding Nattai National Park, Nattai State Conservation Area and Bargo State Conservation Area.
  • Honey and Pollen Flora Suitable for Planting in SE

    Honey and Pollen Flora Suitable for Planting in SE

    Honey & pollen flora suitable for planting in south-eastern NSW Agnote DAI-115 Second edition, Revised April 2002 Doug Somerville District Livestock Officer (Apiculture) Goulburn Trees and shrubs are planted for a number of species that have a flowering time different from reasons — as windbreaks, for shade or shelter, and that of the crops. for aesthetic reasons. By carefully selecting the • Avoid selecting winter flowering species for the species you may also produce an environment Tablelands. The temperature is often too low for attractive to native birds and bees. bees to work these sources efficiently. If they It is doubtful whether enough flowering shrubs do, health problems in the bee colony may and trees can be planted on a farm or recreational result. activity area to be a major benefit to commercial • When planting near drains, sewers and beekeeping. But there is good reason to believe buildings, consider whether the plantings may they can benefit small static apiaries. A cause damage in the future. commercial stocking rate for beehives is about one • Select salt tolerant species in areas where this hive per 4–12 ha. This figure varies with the honey is, or may be, a problem. and pollen yielding capacity of the flora. • Windbreaks should be planted three to four Consider these points before selecting species plants wide. Consider an extra one or two rows on the basis of honey and pollen yielding capacity: chosen for honey and pollen production, and to • Multiple plantings of a range of species are increase the aesthetic appeal of the plantings. more desirable than two or three plants of many species.
  • Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers

    Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers

    _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2009___________ I MUNIS ENTOMOLOGY & ZOOLOGY Ankara / Turkey II _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2009___________ Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology publishes a wide variety of papers on all aspects of Entomology and Zoology from all of the world, including mainly studies on systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, fauna, biogeography, biodiversity, ecology, morphology, behavior, conservation, paleobiology and other aspects are appropriate topics for papers submitted to Munis Entomology & Zoology. Submission of Manuscripts: Works published or under consideration elsewhere (including on the internet) will not be accepted. At first submission, one double spaced hard copy (text and tables) with figures (may not be original) must be sent to the Editors, Dr. Hüseyin Özdikmen for publication in MEZ. All manuscripts should be submitted as Word file or PDF file in an e-mail attachment. If electronic submission is not possible due to limitations of electronic space at the sending or receiving ends, unavailability of e-mail, etc., we will accept “hard” versions, in triplicate, accompanied by an electronic version stored in a floppy disk, a CD-ROM. Review Process: When submitting manuscripts, all authors provides the name, of at least three qualified experts (they also provide their address, subject fields and e-mails). Then, the editors send to experts to review the papers. The review process should normally be completed within 45-60 days. After reviewing papers by reviwers: Rejected papers are discarded. For accepted papers, authors are asked to modify their papers according to suggestions of the reviewers and editors. Final versions of manuscripts and figures are needed in a digital format.
  • Guava (Eucalyptus) Rust Puccinia Psidii

    Guava (Eucalyptus) Rust Puccinia Psidii

    INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Guava (eucalyptus) rust Puccinia psidii Plant Health Australia March 2009 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Guava rust (Puccinia psidii) 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan .............................................................
  • The Performance of Eucalyptus Species in Hill Country

    The Performance of Eucalyptus Species in Hill Country

    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE PERFORMANCE OF EUCALYPTUS SPECIES IN HILL COUNTRY A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. J ames Peter Millner 2006 Abstract Eucalyptus species, particularly stringybarks, which produce hard, durable wood are potentially useful in New Zealand, but most species are site sensitive. Twelve species (E. agglomerata, E. baxteri, E. botryoides, E. cladocalyx, E. globoidea, E. microcorys, E. muelleriana, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. pilularis, E. regnans and E. sa ligna) were compared on four hill country microsites; upper and lower slope on sunny and shady aspects. Assessments included survival, foliar macro-nutrients, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, stem form, basic wood density and health to age 5 years. Site monitoring included solar radiation, temperature, rainfall and exposure. Foliar nutrients were strongly influenced by species and moderately influenced by microsite. Inter-nutrient and nutrient-growth correlations were identified and discussed. Subgeneric differences in nutrient profile were analysed with the aid of principal components analysis. Solar radiation and temperature were seasonal on both aspects but higher on the sunny face than the shady. Aspect differences were moderate, being greatest in the winter and least in the summer. A strongly seasonal growth pattern resulted, maximum DBH and height increments occurring in the spring and summer respectively.
  • An Updated Classification of the Jumping Plant-Lice (Hemiptera

    An Updated Classification of the Jumping Plant-Lice (Hemiptera

    European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 137–182 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1257 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2021 · Burckhardt D. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2976039-934E-46BE-B839-4D28C92C871F An updated classifi cation of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) integrating molecular and morphological evidence Daniel BURCKHARDT 1,*, David OUVRARD 2 & Diana M. PERCY 3 1 Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. 2 ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, Entomology and invasive plants unit, 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France. 3 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:2FA5C7E5-D28E-4220-9796-02717E892B1D 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:2748132A-5D53-4BBA-9E33-F2723DCAAF19 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:84F3C908-9927-40A6-BBBF-6951B7736278 Abstract. The classifi cation of the superfamily Psylloidea is revised to incorporate fi ndings from recent molecular studies, and to integrate a reassessment of monophyla primarily based on molecular data with morphological evidence and previous classifi cations. We incorporate a reinterpretation of relevant morphology in the light of the molecular fi ndings and discuss confl icts with respect to different data sources and sampling strategies. Seven families are recognised of which four (Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Mastigimatidae and Triozidae) are strongly supported, and three (Aphalaridae, Liviidae and Psyllidae) weakly or moderately supported.
  • Biological Control of Gonipterus Platensis

    Biological Control of Gonipterus Platensis

    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GONIPTERUS PLATENSIS: CURRENT STATUS AND NEW POSSIBILITIES CARLOS MANUEL FERREIRA VALENTE ORIENTADORA: Doutora Manuela Rodrigues Branco Simões TESE ELABORADA PARA OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE DOUTOR EM ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL E DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS 2018 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GONIPTERUS PLATENSIS: CURRENT STATUS AND NEW POSSIBILITIES CARLOS MANUEL FERREIRA VALENTE ORIENTADORA: Doutora Manuela Rodrigues Branco Simões TESE ELABORADA PARA OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE DOUTOR EM ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL E DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS JÚRI: Presidente: Doutora Maria Teresa Marques Ferreira Professora Catedrática Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: Doutora Maria Rosa Santos de Paiva Professora Catedrática Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Doutora Manuela Rodrigues Branco Simões Professora Auxiliar com Agregação Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor José Carlos Franco Santos Silva Professor Auxiliar Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor Edmundo Manuel Rodrigues de Sousa Investigador Auxiliar Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária. 2018 À Susana e à Leonor i Em memória da minha Avó, Maria dos Anjos Valente (1927-2017) ii Agradecimentos Agradeço, em primeiro lugar, à Professora Manuela Branco, pelo apoio incansável na orientação desta tese, a total disponibilidade e os inúmeros ensinamentos. Ao RAIZ, pelo financiamento do doutoramento, e à sua Direção, em particular ao Engenheiro Serafim Tavares, ao Engenheiro José Nordeste, ao Professor Carlos Pascoal Neto, à Engenheira Leonor Guedes, ao Gabriel Dehon e ao Nuno Borralho, pelo voto de confiança e incentivo que sempre me transmitiram. Deixo um especial agradecimento à Catarina Gonçalves e à Catarina Afonso, pela amizade, por terem ajudado a manter os projetos do RAIZ e a biofábrica a funcionar, pelas horas infindáveis passadas no laboratório e pelos excelentes contributos científicos que muito melhoraram a qualidade desta tese.
  • Zootaxa, Catalogue of Family-Group Names in Cerambycidae

    Zootaxa, Catalogue of Family-Group Names in Cerambycidae

    Zootaxa 2321: 1–80 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2321 Catalogue of family-group names in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) YVES BOUSQUET1, DANIEL J. HEFFERN2, PATRICE BOUCHARD1 & EUGENIO H. NEARNS3 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 10531 Goldfield Lane, Houston, TX 77064, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by Q. Wang: 2 Dec. 2009; published: 22 Dec. 2009 Yves Bousquet, Daniel J. Heffern, Patrice Bouchard & Eugenio H. Nearns CATALOGUE OF FAMILY-GROUP NAMES IN CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) (Zootaxa 2321) 80 pp.; 30 cm. 22 Dec. 2009 ISBN 978-1-86977-449-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-450-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2009 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2009 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.
  • No. 140, May 2004 ISSN 1175-9755 CLEOBORA ALIVE and WELL IN

    No. 140, May 2004 ISSN 1175-9755 CLEOBORA ALIVE and WELL IN

    No. 140, May 2004 ISSN 1175-9755 CLEOBORA ALIVE AND WELL IN THE SOUTH ISLAND The introduced eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, has been a thorn in the side of New Zealand eucalypt growers ever since it first caused problems early in the 1900s. Paropsis feeds ravenously on the leaves of certain eucalypt species resulting in growth loss, malformation, dieback, and sometimes death of severely attacked trees. Over the years a number of insect predators or parasitoids have been introduced as potential biological control agents with mixed results, one of the most Adult (above) and larva (right) of Cleobora mellyi successful until now being a tiny wasp, Enoggera nassaui, which found in the Marlborough parasitises the eggs of Paropsis (FHNews 117:1, 130:1). Sounds plantation earlier Another potential control agent, the Tasmanian ladybird Cleobora this year. mellyi, feeds on the eggs and larvae of Paropsis. This insect was deliberately introduced several times into eucalypt plantations in the central North Island, Christchurch, and the Marlborough Sounds during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although not recovered from the other release areas, Cleobora adults were Cleobora, when only the blue gum psyllid (Ctenarytaina subsequently found overwintering beneath loose bark in the eucalypti) was present. These new insects may provide a more Marlborough Sounds plantation, a mixed stand of Eucalyptus balanced fare for Cleobora, should attempts again be made to nitens and Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood). The effect on the spread it more widely within eucalypt plantations throughout Paropsis population was unknown, as there was no follow-up New Zealand. work, and research on Cleobora was abandoned.
  • Known Or Potential Threats from Pests and Diseases to Prospective Tree Species for High Value Timber Plantings in Northern Australia

    Known Or Potential Threats from Pests and Diseases to Prospective Tree Species for High Value Timber Plantings in Northern Australia

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237542406 Known or potential threats from pests and diseases to prospective tree species for high value timber plantings in northern Australia Article · January 2004 CITATIONS READS 6 999 5 authors, including: Manon Griffiths Ross Wylie Queensland Government Queensland Government 12 PUBLICATIONS 181 CITATIONS 33 PUBLICATIONS 478 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Simon Andrew Lawson Geoff Pegg University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland Government 54 PUBLICATIONS 545 CITATIONS 126 PUBLICATIONS 822 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Master of Research at Macquarie University View project PhD at Macquarie University on the impacts of myrtle rust on Australian native communities View project All content following this page was uploaded by Simon Andrew Lawson on 15 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Prospects for high-value hardwood timber plantations in the 'dry' tropics of northern Australia, Mareeba, 19th – 21st October 2004. Known or potential threats from pests and diseases to prospective tree species for high value timber plantings in northern Australia. Manon Griffiths, Ross Wylie, Simon Lawson, Geoff Pegg, Janet McDonald Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia Abstract The development of a high value timber industry in northern Australia requires high-level, long-term investment. To secure such a commitment, potential investors and growers must be confident of achieving high productivity and/or high quality end product. Pests and diseases, and their effect on tree health, can be major limiting factors to tree establishment and performance.
  • ABSTRACT Biosystematics and the Evolution of Gall

    ABSTRACT Biosystematics and the Evolution of Gall

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: Biosystematics and the evolution of gall formation in hackberry psyllids Pachypsylla (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) Man-Miao Yang, Doctor of Philosophy, 1995 Dissertation directed by Charles Mitter, Associate Professor, Maryland Center for Systematic Entomology, Department of Entomology; and Douglass R. Miller, Research Entomologist, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA This dissertation is a study of the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of gall formation in psyllids of the subfamily Sponclyliaspiclinae, with particular focus on North American hackberry gallers in the genus Pachypsylla. Species in this genus produce a variety of gall types on the leaves, petioles, buds and twigs of their hosts, four species of Celt is subgen. Euceltis (Ulmaceae ). The homogeneity of adult morphology in Pachyp.sylla, contrasted to the great variation in gall morphology and phenology, has led to much difficulty in delimiting species. Chapter I investigates species limits as related to gall type and host specificity in Pachypsylla. Strong differences in allozymes, morphology and life history confirm that leaf, petiole, bud and twig gallers belong to different species or species groups. Different leaf gall morphs probably also represent different species, as evidenced by significant all ozyme freque ncy diffe rences among sympatric pairs of gall morphs, consistent frequency difference between co- occurring morphs across localities, and discrete differences in gall type between progenies of individual females. Differences in allozymes, female phenology, adult and nymphal coloration, as well as laboratory rearings and field manipulations, show that side cell individuals within two nipple gall types represent an inquiline sibling species (Chapter II). Chapter III is an analysis of phylogenetic relationships within Pachypsylla, based on allozyme, morphological, life history and chromosome characters.
  • Biology and Control of Psyllids, and the Possible Causes for Defoliation of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

    Biology and Control of Psyllids, and the Possible Causes for Defoliation of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

    88 Biology and control of psyllids, and the possible causes for defoliation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (river red gum) in south-eastern Australia – a review Nick Collett Centre for Forest Tree Technology, Department of Natural Resources and Environment 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria Revised manuscript received 4 December 2000 Summary Eucalyptus camaldulensis occurs extensively in mainland States where the mean annual rainfall is below 650 mm (Hillis and Psyllids are one of the most devastating insect pest groups in Brown 1984), and is associated primarily with inland rivers, dry Australia, affecting both native forests and eucalypt plantations. watercourses and floodplains, preferring deep moist subsoils They feed on a wide variety of eucalypt host species, with some with a heavy clay content. It is an economically important tree psyllid species restricted to a single eucalypt host species or to as its insect and decay resistant timber is used for house stumps, a group of closely related species. Predominant amongst railway sleepers, fence posts, furniture and firewood eucalypt species attacked by psyllids is Eucalyptus (Costermans 1981). It is also of benefit to farmland and rural camaldulensis Dehnh., an important tree species for a variety of areas generally, by providing shelter and shade to stock and reasons including the insect and decay resistance of the timber, assisting in reducing water table levels and minimising erosion its role in reducing water table levels and minimising erosion along streams and rivers as a result of its ability to grow on soils along streams and rivers, its adaption to soils with significant with high salt content.