2013 Prioritisation Report Priority Antiretrovirals for the Medicines
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Kan Lu, PharmD New Antiretrovirals for Based on a presentation at prn by Roy M. Gulick, md, mph the Treatment of HIV: Kan Lu, PharmD | Drug Development Fellow University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy Chapel Hill, North Carolina The View in 2006 Roy M. Gulick, md, mph Reprinted from The prn Notebook® | october 2006 | Dr. James F. Braun, Editor-in-Chief Director, Cornell Clinical Trials Unit | Associate Professor of Medicine, Meri D. Pozo, PhD, Managing Editor. Published in New York City by the Physicians’ Research Network, Inc.® Weill Medical College of Cornell University | New York, New York John Graham Brown, Executive Director. For further information and other articles available online, visit http://www.prn.org | All rights reserved. ©october 2006 substantial progress continues to be made in the arena of cokinetics and a long extracellular half-life of approximately 10 hours antiretroviral drug development. prn is again proud to present its annual (Zhu, 2003). During apricitabine’s development, a serious drug interac- review of the experimental agents to watch for in the coming months and tion with lamivudine (Epivir) was noted. Although the plasma years. This year’s review is based on a lecture by Dr. Roy M. Gulick, a long- concentrations of apricitabine were unaffected by coadministration of time friend of prn, and no stranger to the antiretroviral development lamivudine, the intracellular concentrations of apricitabine were reduced pipeline. by approximately sixfold. Additionally, the 50% inhibitory concentration To date, twenty-two antiretrovirals have been approved by the Food (ic50) of apricitabine against hiv with the M184V mutation was increased and Drug Administration (fda) for the treatment of hiv infection. -
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New Antiretrovirals in Development: Reprinted from The PRN Notebook,™ june 2002. Dr. James F. Braun, Editor-in-Chief. Tim Horn, Executive Editor. Published in New York City by the Physicians’ Research Network, Inc.,® John Graham Brown, Executive Director. For further information and other articles The View in 2002 available online, visit http://www.PRN.org All rights reserved. © june 2002. Roy “Trip” Gulick, md, mph Associate Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Director, Cornell Clinical Trials Unit, New York, New York Summary by Tim Horn Edited by Scott Hammer, md espite the fact that 16 antiretro- tiviral activity of emtricitabine was estab- Preliminary results from two random- virals are approved for use in the lished, with total daily doses of 200 mg or ized studies—FTC-302 and FTC-303—were United States, there is an indis- more producing the greatest median viral reported by Dr. Charles van der Horst and putable need for new anti-hiv com- load suppression: 1.72-1.92 log. Based on his colleagues at the 8th croi, held in Feb- pounds that have potent and these data, a once-daily dose of 200 mg ruary 2001 in Chicago (van der Horst, durable efficacy profiles, unique re- was selected for further long-term clinical 2001). FTC-302 was a blinded comparison sistance patterns, patient-friendly dosing study. “This is what we’re looking forward of emtricitabine and lamivudine, both in schedules, and minimal toxicities. To pro- to with emtricitabine,” commented Dr. combination with stavudine (Zerit) and vide prn with a glimpse of drugs current- Gulick. -
Ep 2531027 B1
(19) TZZ ¥_Z _T (11) EP 2 531 027 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 31/4985 (2006.01) A61K 31/52 (2006.01) 06.05.2015 Bulletin 2015/19 A61K 31/536 (2006.01) A61K 31/513 (2006.01) A61K 38/55 (2006.01) A61P 31/18 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 11737484.3 (86) International application number: (22) Date of filing: 24.01.2011 PCT/US2011/022219 (87) International publication number: WO 2011/094150 (04.08.2011 Gazette 2011/31) (54) Therapeutic combination comprising dolutegravir, abacavir and lamivudine Therapeutische Zusammensetzung enthaltend Dolutegravir, Abacavir und Lamivudine Combinaison thérapeutique comprenant du dolutégravir, de l’abacavir et de la lamivudine (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Gladwin, Amanda Rachel AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GlaxoSmithKline GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO Global Patents (CN925.1) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR 980 Great West Road Designated Extension States: Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS (GB) BA ME (56) References cited: (30) Priority: 27.01.2010 US 298589 P WO-A1-2010/011812 WO-A2-2009/148600 US-A1- 2006 084 627 US-A1- 2006 084 627 (43) Date of publication of application: US-A1- 2008 076 738 US-A1- 2009 318 421 12.12.2012 Bulletin 2012/50 US-A1- 2009 318 421 US-B1- 6 544 961 (73) Proprietor: VIIV Healthcare Company • SONG1 et al: "The Effect of Ritonavir-Boosted Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (US) ProteaseInhibitors on the HIV Integrase Inhibitor, S/GSK1349572,in Healthy Subjects", INTERNET , (72) Inventor: UNDERWOOD, Mark, Richard 15 September 2009 (2009-09-15), XP002697436, Research Triangle Park Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http: North Carolina 27709 (US) //www.natap.org/2009/ICCAC/ICCAC_ 52.htm [retrieved on 2013-05-21] Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. -
Nnrtis – MK1439 New Classes • Maturation Inhibitors, LEDGINS, Etc
New Antiretrovirals and New Strategies Saye Khoo HIV Pharmacology Group Declaration of Interests •www.hiv-druginteractions.org & www.hep-druginteractions.org sponsorship from Janssen, ViiV, Abbott, Merck, BMS, Gilead, Boehringer, Vertex. Editorial content remains independent. •Research Grants: Merck, ViiV •Speakers bureau: Merck, Janssen, Abbott, Roche •Travel grants: Gilead, ViiV, BMS, Janssen •TaiLor trial (NIHR-funded) Antiretroviral Stewardship Myocardial Infarction Stroke Cancer Congnitive impairment Liver, renal etc Plan Now For Then • what to give ? • Minimise resistance • when to start ? • Minimise toxicity • how to manage ? • Preserve options • Normalise Immunity • Equip for future co-morbidity New Drugs, New Formulations, New Strategies Improvements on existing classes • TAF • dolutegravir and other integrases • new NNRTIs – MK1439 New Classes • Maturation inhibitors, LEDGINS, etc New Formulations • nanoformulations • mono- or dual therapy • LA injections or implants • targeting latent reservoirs New Strategies • NRTI-sparing, PI monotherapy • targeting latent reservoirs • targeting immune activation, cardiovascular risk • etc INSTIs NRTIs PIs NNRTIs Other Approved Dolutegravir Phase 3 TAF DRVc Doravirine TAF/FTC/EVGc (MK1349) Cenicriviroc RPV-LA BMS663068 Phase 2 GSK126744 Racivir ABC/3TC/DTG Amodoxovir TAF/FTC/DRVc Elvucitabine Doravirine (MK-1439) • Pharmacology – Potent - IC95 ~19 nM (50% human serum) – Once-daily dosing; T½ 10-16h – P450 metabolism (CYP3A4/5) • No significant inhibition/induction of CYP P450s • No significant -
Trends in Antiretroviral Treatment in Australia
AUSTRALIAN HIV OBSERVATIONAL DATABASE (AHOD) ANNUAL REPORT (Volume 20, Number 1: December 2020) 2020 Clinical characteristics of overseas-born men who have sex with men (MSM) in the AHOD cohort and implications for clinical practice In Australia HIV notifications are increasing among overseas-born men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly among Asian-born MSM. Australian evidence suggests that culturally and/or linguistically diverse populations are less likely to start treatment early irrespective of CD4 cell count at diagnosis, but little is known about response once in care. Using data from AHOD, Jolie L Hutchinson and colleagues (2020) compared treatment response in overseas-born MSM from non-English-speaking countries with Australian-born MSM, further categorised based on participation in the Australian Temporary Residents Access Study (ATRAS) which provide temporary residents ineligible for Medicare, access to HIV treatment. ATRAS patients were chosen as the closest surrogate to identifying newly arrived overseas-born MSM. The authors explored the time to first virological suppression (VS) (viral load (VL) <400 copies/mL) and time to virological failure (VF) (>400 copies/mL after suppression). CD4 cell counts and VL measurements were taken at treatment initiation. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) are reported with 95% CI. Results, as shown in figure 1, indicate that overseas-born MSM did not differ significantly in the rate of VS or in the rate of first VF after suppression. This result is different from findings in other settings, and differences may, in part, be explained by the nature of healthcare provision. In Australia, all residents can access ART for free or with a small co-payment; those ineligible for Medicare can get pharmaceutical company-provided ART which is not necessarily straightforward for non-English speakers. -
HIV/AIDS Technologies: a Review of Progress to Date and Current Prospects
Working Paper No.6 HIV/AIDS Technologies: A review of progress to date and current prospects COMMISSIONED BY: aids2031 Science and Technology Working Group AUTHORED BY: KEITH ALCORN NAM Publications Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy, position, or opinions of the wider aids2031 initiative or partner organizations aids2031 Science and Technology working group A review of progress to date and current prospects October 2008 Acronyms 3TC lamivudine ANRS Agènce Nationale de Récherche sur la Sida ART Antiretroviral therapy ARV Antiretroviral AZT azidothymidine or zidovudine bDNA branched DNA CDC US Centers for Disease Control CHER Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral therapy (study) CTL Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte D4T stavudine DSMB Data and Safety Monitoring Board EFV Efavirenz ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay FDC Fixed-dose combination FTC Emtricitabine HAART Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy HBAC Home-based AIDS care HCV Hepatitis C virus HPTN HIV Prevention Trials Network HSV-2 Herpes simplex virus type 2 IAVI International AIDS Vaccine Initiative IL-2 Interleukin-2 LED Light-emitting diode LPV/r Lopinavir/ritonavir MIRA Methods for Improving Reproductive Health in Africa trial MSF Médecins sans Frontières MSM Men who have sex with men MVA Modified vaccinia Ankara NIH US National Institutes of Health NRTI Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor OBT Optimised background therapy PCR Polymerase -
Original Article Antiviral Activity and Tolerability of Amdoxovir with Zidovudine in a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Study in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Antiviral Therapy 2010 15:185–192 (doi: 10.3851/IMP1514) Original article Antiviral activity and tolerability of amdoxovir with zidovudine in a randomized double-blind placebo- controlled study in HIV-1-infected individuals Robert L Murphy1, Nancy M Kivel2, Carlos Zala3, Claudia Ochoa3, Phillip Tharnish2, Judy Mathew 2, Maria Luz Pascual2, Raymond F Schinazi4* 1Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 2RFS Pharma, LLC, Tucker, GA, USA 3Hospital Privado Modelo, Florida-Buenos Aires B1602DBG, Argentina 4Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Background: Amdoxovir acts synergistically with zido- day 10 were determined. Laboratory and clinical safety vudine in vitro and the combination prevents or delays monitoring were performed. the selection of thymidine analogue and K65R muta- Results: Twenty-four patients were enrolled. The mean tions. In silico studies have shown that a reduced dose VL log10 change was 0.10 with placebo, -0.69 with zido- of zidovudine (200 mg) results in decreased zidovudine- vudine 200 mg, -0.55 with zidovudine 300 mg, -1.09 monophosphate levels, associated with toxicity, while with amdoxovir, -2.00 with amdoxovir plus zidovudine maintaining zidovudine-triphosphate levels, which are (200 mg) and -1.69 with amdoxovir plus zidovudine associated with antiviral effects. Here, we aimed to (300 mg). Amdoxovir plus zidovudine (200 mg) was assess the short-term tolerability and antiviral activity significantly more potent than amdoxovir monotherapy of amdoxovir in combination with reduced and standard in AUCVL and mean VL decline (P=0.019 and P=0.021, doses of zidovudine. -
Antiretroviral Price Reductions
UNTANGLING THE WEB OF ANTIRETROVIRAL PRICE REDUCTIONS 18th Edition – July 2016 www.msfaccess.org PREFACE In this report, we provide an update on the key facets of HIV treatment access. It includes the latest HIV treatment guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO), an overview on pricing for first-line, second-line and salvage regimens, and a summary of the opportunities for – and threats to – expanding access to affordable antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is a table with information on ARVs, including quality assurance, manufacturers and pricing on pages 55 to 57. THE MSF ACCESS CAMPAIGN In 1999, on the heels of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize – and largely in response to the inequalities surrounding access to HIV/AIDS treatment between rich and poor countries – MSF launched the Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines. Its sole purpose has been to push for access to, and the development of, life-saving and life-prolonging medicines, diagnostics and vaccines for patients in MSF programmes and beyond. www.msfaccess.org MSF AND HIV Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) began providing antiretroviral therapy to a small number of people living with HIV/AIDS in 2000 in projects in Thailand, South Africa and Cameroon. At the time, treatment for one person for one year cost more than US$10,000. With increased availability of low-cost, quality antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), MSF provides antiretroviral treatment to 240,100 people in 18 countries, implements treatment strategies to reach more people earlier in their disease progression, and places people living with HIV at the centre of their care. -
Synthesis and Development of Long-Acting Abacavir Prodrug Nanoformulations
University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC Theses & Dissertations Graduate Studies Summer 8-19-2016 Synthesis and Development of Long-Acting Abacavir Prodrug Nanoformulations Dhirender Singh University of Nebraska Medical Center Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/etd Part of the Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Singh, Dhirender, "Synthesis and Development of Long-Acting Abacavir Prodrug Nanoformulations" (2016). Theses & Dissertations. 140. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/etd/140 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYNTHESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-ACTING ABACAVIR PRODRUG NANOFORMULATIONS by Dhirender Singh A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School in the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmaceutical Science Under the Supervision of Dr. Howard E. Gendelman University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska August 2016 Supervisory Committee: Howard E. Gendelman, M.D. Ram Mahato, Ph.D JoEllyn M. McMillan, Ph.D. David Oupicky, Ph.D SYNTHESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-ACTING ABACAVIR PRODRUG NANOFORMULATIONS Dhirender Singh, Ph.D. University of Nebraska Medical Center, 2016 Supervisor: Howard E Gendelman, M.D. Over the past decade, work from our laboratory has demonstrated the potential of targeted nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) to produce sustained high plasma and tissue drug concentrations for weeks following a single intramuscular (IM) administration that can suppress ongoing viral replication and mitigate dose associated viral resistance. -
Multi-Class Immune-Based Therap I Es Co Combination Drugs AZ T
m- IMMUNE-BASED THERAP o /R) c VIR, A LPV ) MULTI-CLASSA NFV VIR, A S T N (INDIN COMBINATION DRUGSA VIR, REZIST AZ R 754) P A ) AVX C + Inhibitors Protease RTV VIR/RITON ) CRIXIV AB A OM (KIVEXA, COMBIVIR (ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE, AZT + 3TC) EMTRIVA Protease754, Inhibitors C VIR, (EMTRICITABINE, FTC) EPIVIR (LAMIVUDINE, 3TC) EPZICOM (KIVEXA, TPV T A PZI HE EPT (NELFIN SPD OVIR DISOPROXIL ABACAVIR + LAMIVUDINE, ABC + 3TC) RETROVIR (ZIDOVUDINE, AZT, E HIBITO F VIR, , LOPIN ZDV) TRIZIVIR (ABACAVIR + ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE, ABC + AC A A S IR N IN TRUGGLE FOR AZT + 3TC) TRUVADA (TENOFOVIR DF + EMTRICITABINE, TDF + V ENO A ) T ABINE ( ABINE FTC) VIDEX & VIDEX EC (DIDANOSINE, DDI) VIREAD (TENOFOVIR T TV I THE (ALUVI C DISOPROXIL FUMARATE, TDF) ZERIT (STAVUDINE, D4T) ZIAGEN A (ABACAVIR, ABC) RACIVIR (RCV) AMDOXOVIR (AMDX, DAPD) ORVIR (RITON N PRI VIR, A ) IREAD ( A A V APRICITABINE (SPD754, AVX754)ELVUCITABINE (ACH- TORS ) LETR N ) A I 126,443, BETA-L-FD4C) COMBIVIR (ZIDOVUDINE + FPV A Z I LAMIVUDINE, AZT + 3TC) EMTRIVA (EMTRICITABINE, ) K A ) APTIVUS (TIPR DAPD T VIR, IPTASE IPTASE , A FTC) EPIVIR (LAMIVUDINE, 3TC) EPZICOM (KIVEXA, A PV A SQV CCESS TO ABACAVIR + LAMIVUDINE, ABC + 3TC) RETROVIR R Z ( PIVIR (LAMIVUDINE, 3TC) B A This book documents the struggle that has been faced by those E (ZIDOVUDINE, AZT, ZDV) TRIZIVIR (ABACAVIR + T AMDX VIR, VIR, A A A I STRUGGLEA requiring treatment for HIV/AIDS in India, and those affected ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE, ABC + AZT + 3TC) MPREN AVIR + ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE, SC EY A C TRUVADA (TENOFOVIR DF + EMTRICITABINE, by HIV/AIDS, since the first recorded incidence of HIV/AIDS in FOR R N ) TDF + FTC) VIDEX & VIDEX EC (DIDANOSINE, QUIN India in 1986. -
A Balanced Trade Context for HIV Patent Pool
iMedPub Journals 2011 TRANSLATIONAL BIOMEDICINE Vol. 2 No. 1:3 This article is available from: http://www.transbiomedicine.com doi: 10:3823/420 A Balanced Trade Context for HIV Patent Pool Daniele Dionisio, M.D. Member, European Parliament Working Group on Innovation, Access to Medicines and Poverty- Related Diseases. Reference Advisor for “Drugs for the developing countries”, SIMIT (Italian Abstract Society for Infectious and Tropical Diseases). Former Director, Infectious Disease Division, Pistoia city Hospital (Italy). Background: Reluctance of the multinational pharmaceutical companies to join the Medicines Patent Pool plan for HIV drugs (antiretrovirals-ARVs) might undermine E-mail: [email protected] its desirable objective of scaling up long-term, extended access to novel, affordable and appropriate ARV formulations in resource-limited settings. Methods: This paper makes an analysis of conflicting issues and calls for a trade context facilitating a reverse of multinational drug manufacturers’ reluctance to join patent pool. To this aim, partnerships between multinational companies are urged first to make cutting edge brand fixed-dose combination (FDC) ARVs promptly avail- able, and secondly, to allow patent pool agreements to be negotiated immediately afterwards. This context rejects clauses that exclude middle-income countries from sharing in the patent pool. Expected results: The suggested trade context can help speed up the partici- pation of originator pharmaceutical companies in the Medicines Patent Pool, while allowing them to maintain competitiveness, take advantage of incoming joint ven- ture opportunities and circumvent the need for additional incentives. This context potentially tackles in an appropriate way the directions of evolution in emerging markets, while bringing benefits to resource-limited populations, multinational drug corporations and manufacturers from middle-income countries. -
AVCC Figure Template
Schinazi 11/2/08 14:00 Page 343 Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy 18:343–346 Short communication Cellular pharmacology of 9-(β-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) guanine and its lack of drug interactions with zidovudine in primary human lymphocytes Brenda I Hernandez-Santiago, Aleksandr Obikhod, Emilie Fromentin, Selwyn J Hurwitz and Raymond F Schinazi* Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA *Corresponding author: Tel: 404 728 7711; Fax: 404 728 7726; E-mail: [email protected] Amdoxovir, currently in Phase II clinical trials, is different resistance mutations, co-formulation of rapidly converted to 9-(β-D-1,3-dioxolan-4- the these two drugs is an attractive proposition. A yl)guanine (DXG) by adenosine deaminase in vitro combination study between DXG and ZDV and in humans. The cellular pharmacology of DXG showed no reduction of DXG-TP or ZDV-TP. Taken in primary human lymphocytes, including together, these results suggest that an appropri- dose–response relationships, intracellular half-life ately designed DXG prodrug could be given once of DXG triphosphate (DXG-TP), and combination a day and that co-formulation with ZDV might be studies were determined. DXG produced high a possibility. levels of DXG-TP with a long half-life (16 h) in acti- vated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Keywords: cellular pharmacology, DXG, nucleoside Since zidovudine (ZDV) and DXG select for analogues, NRTI The emergence of resistant HIV strains during therapy has inhibitor of HIV-1, HIV-2 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) made it a major challenge to develop drugs that delay, in human cell lines.